EP0030821B1 - Wärmetauscherelement und Wärmetauscher, der derartige Elemente enthält - Google Patents

Wärmetauscherelement und Wärmetauscher, der derartige Elemente enthält Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0030821B1
EP0030821B1 EP80304365A EP80304365A EP0030821B1 EP 0030821 B1 EP0030821 B1 EP 0030821B1 EP 80304365 A EP80304365 A EP 80304365A EP 80304365 A EP80304365 A EP 80304365A EP 0030821 B1 EP0030821 B1 EP 0030821B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
core
tube
cores
cover
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80304365A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0030821A1 (de
Inventor
Gene A. Anders
Herbert J. Larson
Charles R. Miller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Caterpillar Inc
Original Assignee
Caterpillar Tractor Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from PCT/US1980/001516 external-priority patent/WO1981001608A1/en
Application filed by Caterpillar Tractor Co filed Critical Caterpillar Tractor Co
Publication of EP0030821A1 publication Critical patent/EP0030821A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0030821B1 publication Critical patent/EP0030821B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/24—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
    • F28F1/32—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/001—Casings in the form of plate-like arrangements; Frames enclosing a heat exchange core
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D2001/0253—Particular components
    • F28D2001/026—Cores
    • F28D2001/0266—Particular core assemblies, e.g. having different orientations or having different geometric features

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a heat exchanger core, and, more particularly, to a core construction for increasing heat rejection and improving cooling.
  • Heat exchangers such as those used in earthmoving vehicles, must have sufficient capacity to cool the engine by the passage of air through and around the heat exchanger core. In the past, it has at times been necessary to use large fans operating at relatively high speeds to provide sufficient air flow through the heat exchanger core. Unfortunately large fans may use excessive power and cause vibration and noise which is undesirable. Current noise regulations, in fact, restrict the use of large noisy fans so that other means must be found to provide effective cooling without excessive noise.
  • the zig zag pattern increases the cooling capacity by increasing the radiator surface area exposed to the flow of air without increasing the frontal area of the radiator.
  • such folded or zig zag pattern cores have heretofore not been fully effectively utilized at or near their maximum cooling efficiency.
  • U.S. Patent Specification No. 4,034,804 illustrates one solution to this debris problem in the form of a fine gauze placed around the outside of each core. Another attempt to solve this problem is described in U.S. Patent Specification No. 4,116,265. This latter specification discloses gaps between converging, adjacent cores which are closed by movable plugs during normal use and which are opened when periodic debris purging is performed.
  • U.S. Patent Specification No. 4,076,072 discloses a zig zag pattern of cores which are spaced apart a short distance so as continually to permit debris that would normally pile up in the converging trough to go on through.
  • a heat exchanger core comprises a plurality of closely spaced fins having peripheral edges defining an air inlet surface, an air outlet surface, and first and second end surfaces, one of the first and second core end surfaces being provided with a first cover, and at least one tube extending through the fins spaced from the air inlet surface, wherein the first cover is spaced from the air inlet surface.
  • the core is positioned with the inlet surface oriented at between 10° and 40° to the direction of incident air flow, in use, with the first and second end surfaces offset in the air flow direction.
  • the or each tube may have an elongate cross-section the tube being positioned with the elongate dimension extending generally between the air inlet and the air outlet surface.
  • a heat exchanger has first and second such cores the cores being mounted in a generally "V" configuration with the first end surfaces of the cores at the apex of the "V".
  • Figure 1 shows a self-purging heat exchanger 10 having first, second and third cores 20, 25, 30 arranged in a zig zag or "V" pattern as viewed from the top. Air flow direction is as indicated by unnumbered arrows.
  • Each of the cores 20, 25, 30 is formed (see Figure 2) of a plurality of fins 40 having peripheral edges 45 and at least one cooling water tube 50 of elongate cross-section which extends through the fins 40.
  • each of the cores, 20, 25, 30 has an air inlet surface 60, an outlet surface 65, and first and second end surfaces 70, 75, all of which are defined by the peripheral edges 45.
  • the tubes 50 are spaced from the inlet surface 60.
  • the cores 20, 25, are angularly oriented to each other in a generally "V" configuration with an included angle of generally between 20° and 80° for efficient cooling and space utilization.
  • the inlet surface 60 of each core 20, 25 is positioned generally at an angle between 10° and 40° with the flow of air approaching the inlet surface.
  • the first end surfaces 70 of the cores 20 and 25 are adjacent to one another.
  • a small gap 90 will generally be present between the first end surfaces 70 of the cores 20, 25.
  • the gap 90 is generally sized to allow debris, but not too much air, to flow therethrough.
  • a gap 90' will generally be present between the frame member 95 and the first end surface 70 of the core 30.
  • gap 90' will generally have a size approximately equal to that of the gap 90.
  • Each core 20, 25, 30 has a pair of covers 80, 85 which are substantially parallel to the tubes 50 and are connected over the edges 45 of the fins 40 which define the respective first 70 and second 75 end surfaces of the respective cores 20, 25, 30.
  • the leading edge of each tube 50 and the covers 80, 85 are spaced from the inlet surface 60 substantially the same distance in order to provide efficient cooling without excessive turbulence and also to facilitate sliding and rolling of debris toward the bottom of the 'V'.
  • the covers, for example 80 generally have a dimension "D2" approximately equal to the dimension "D1" of each tube 50.
  • each of the outermost tubes 50 and adjacent covers 80, 85 is substantially equal to half the spacing between adjacent parallel tubes 50.
  • the outermost tubes 50 are cooled substantially to the same degree as are any of the other tubes 50.
  • the tubes 50 and the covers 80, 85 are spaced substantially the same distance from the outlet surface 65 in each of the respective cores 20, 25, 30 to provide efficient cooling.
  • each core 20' has a pair of covers, one of which 80' is shown formed of a plurality of tabs 88.
  • the tabs 88 form extensions of the fins beyond the respective first and second end surfaces 70, 75 of the respective cores.
  • each tab 88 is bent over in the same direction and generally parallel to the respective tubes 50.
  • Each of the tabs 88 generally has a tab dimension "D3" approximately equal to the dimension "D1" of each tube 50 and the spacings of the tabs 88 from the inlet surface 60 is substantially equal to the spacing of the tube 50 from the inlet surface 60.
  • the covers of this example function substantially the same as the above described covers 80, 85.
  • air approaches the heat exchanger 10 from the direction shown by the arrows in Figure 1.
  • the air then passes through inlet surfaces 60, through air ducts formed between adjacent tubes 50 and adjacent fins 40, and then out the outlet surfaces 65.
  • Air passing via inlet surfaces 60 adjacent the first and second end surfaces 70, 75 passes through air ducts formed between respective covers 80, 85, a nearest tube 50, and adjacent fins 40 and out the outlet surfaces 65.
  • Improved heat exchanger cores provide much improved cooling of the tubes nearest the end surfaces, of the core. This, in turn, provides a larger (approximately 5% in one example) cooling capacity for the entire heat exchanger assembly.
  • cover 85 By spacing cover 85 from the inlet surface, cover 85 does not block air flow to the adjacent tube 50.
  • any debris passing through the gap 90 does not hang up thereon and is readily purged from the radiator.
  • there are a pair of the cores in a "V" configuration and when there is a gap 90 between the pair of cores, debris is readily purged from the assembly.
  • Such heat exchanger cores as are disclosed herein are useful as cores for radiators such as those used in vehicles, particularly earthmoving vehicles.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Claims (13)

1. Wärmeaustauscherkern (20), der folgendes aufweist: eine Vielzahl von mit engem Abstand angeordneten Rippen (40) mit eine Lufteinlaßoberfläche (60) definierenden Umfangskanten (45), eine Luftauslaßoberfläche (65), und erste und zweite Endoberflächen (70, 75), wobei eine der ersten und zweiten Kernendoberflächen (70, 75) mit einer ersten Abdeckung (80, 85) ausgestattet ist, und wobei mindestens ein Rohr (50) sich durch die mit Abstand gegenüber der Lufteinlaßoberfläche (60) angeordneten Rippen (40) erstreckt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die erste Abdeckung mit Abstand gegenüber der Lufteinlaßoberfläche (60) angeordnet ist.
2. Wärmeaustauscherkern (20) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kern (20) mit der Einlaßoberfläche orientiert zwischen 10 und 40° gegenüber der Richtung der einfallenden Luftströmung im Gebrauch positioniert ist, wobei die ersten und zweiten Endoberflächen in der Luftströmungsrichtung versetzt sind.
3. Wärmeaustauscherkern (20) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei die andere der ersten und zweiten Endoberflächen (70, 75) mit einer zweiten Abdeckung (85, 80) versehen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zweite Abdeckung mit Abstand gegenüber der Lufteinlaßoberfläche (60) angeordnet ist.
4. Wärmeaustauscherkern (20) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die oder jede Abdeckung (80, 85) mit Abstand gegenüber der Lufteinlaßoberfläche (60) angeordnet ist, und zwar mit einem Abstand von im wesentlichen gleich dem Abstand des Rohrs (50) von der Einlaßoberfläche (60).
5. Wärmeaustauscherkern (20) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das oder jedes Rohr (50) mit Abstand gegenüber der Luftauslaßoberfläche (65) angeordnet ist, das die oder jede Abdeckung (80, 85) mit Abstand gegenüber der Luftauslaßoberflache (65) angeordnet ist, und zwar mit einem Abstand im wesentlichen gleich dem Abstand des Rohrs (50) von der Auslaßoberfläche (65).
6. Wärmeaustauscherkern (20) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennziechnet, daß eine Vielzahl von im wesentlichen parallelen Rohren (50) vorgesehen ist, und daß der Abstand zwischen der oder jeder Abdeckung (80, 85) und einem am nächsten gelegenen der Rohre (50) im wesentlichen gleich der Hälfte des Abstamds zwischen benachbarten Rohren (50) ist.
7. Wärmeaustauscherkern (20) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die oder jede Abdeckung (80, 85) eine Breite (D2) im wesentlichen gleich der Längsdimension (D1) des Querschnitts des oder jedes Rohrs (50) besitzt, und wobei die oder jede Abdeckung (80, 85) im wesentlichen parallel zu einem entsprechenden benachbarten Rohr (50) verläuft.
8. Wärmeaustauscherkern (20) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die oder jede Abdeckung (80'), gebildet wird durch eine Vielzahl von Ansätzen (88), die durch Verlängerungen der Rippen über die Umfangskanten (45) gebildet sind, und zwar an den entsprechenden ersten und zweiten Endoberflächen (70, 75) des Kerns, und die in eine Ebene im wesentlichen parallel zu einem entsprechenden benachbarten Rohr (50) herübergebogen sind.
9. Wärmeaustauscherkern (20) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das oder jedes Rohr (50) einen langgestreckten Querschnitt besitzt, wobei das Rohr derart positioniert ist, daß die langgestreckte Abmessung sich im ganzen zwischen der Lufteinlaß- und der Luftatislaßoberfläche erstreckt.
10. Wärmeaustauscherkern nach Anspruch 8 und 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder Ansatz eine Abmessung (D3) im wesentlichen gleich der langgestreckten Dimension (D1) des Querschnitts des oder jedes Rohrs bestizt.
11. Wärmeaustauscher (10), der folgendes aufweist: erste (20) und zweite (25) Austauscherkerne gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Kerne (20, 25) in einer im ganzen "V" Konfiguration angeordnet sind, wobei die ersten Endoberflächen der Kerne am Scheitel des "V" sich befinden.
12. Wärmeaustauscher (10) nach Anspruch 11, wobei der Wärmeaustauscher drei oder mehr Wärmeaustauscherkerne aufweist, und zwar befestigt in einer Zick-Zack-Anordnung mit abwechselnd ersten Endoberflächen (70) und zweiten Endoberflächen (75) von benachbarten Kernen benachbart zueinander.
13. Wärmeaustauscher (10) nach Anspruch 11 oder 12, gekennzeichnet durch einen Spalt (90) zwischen benachbarten ersten Endoberflächen (70) von benachbarten Kernen (20, 25).
EP80304365A 1979-12-03 1980-12-03 Wärmetauscherelement und Wärmetauscher, der derartige Elemente enthält Expired EP0030821B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US7901060 1979-12-03
WOPCT/US79/01060 1979-12-03
WOPCT/US80/01516 1980-11-07
PCT/US1980/001516 WO1981001608A1 (en) 1979-12-03 1980-11-07 Heat exchanger core with end covers

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0030821A1 EP0030821A1 (de) 1981-06-24
EP0030821B1 true EP0030821B1 (de) 1983-05-11

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EP80304365A Expired EP0030821B1 (de) 1979-12-03 1980-12-03 Wärmetauscherelement und Wärmetauscher, der derartige Elemente enthält

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BR (1) BR8008910A (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10303416B4 (de) * 2003-01-29 2006-02-16 Voith Turbo Gmbh & Co. Kg Wärmetauscherbaueinheit

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1921278A (en) * 1932-07-27 1933-08-08 Fred M Young Radiator
US2602650A (en) * 1951-04-12 1952-07-08 Marcotte Louis Philippe Fin type radiator
US3538984A (en) * 1967-05-17 1970-11-10 Paul Leopold Kaesermann Heat exchanger unit
FR2200888A5 (de) * 1972-09-27 1974-04-19 Philips Nv
FR2250089A1 (de) * 1973-10-31 1975-05-30 Philips Nv
FR2259341A1 (en) * 1974-01-28 1975-08-22 Von Roll Ag Finned tube central heating radiator - tips of fins are bent parallel to tube to improve heat radiation
US3907032A (en) * 1971-04-27 1975-09-23 United Aircraft Prod Tube and fin heat exchanger
WO1980001104A1 (en) * 1978-11-24 1980-05-29 Caterpillar Tractor Co Heat exchanger having inclined tubes
WO1980001105A1 (en) * 1978-11-24 1980-05-29 Caterpillar Tractor Co Self purging heat exchanger

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4116265A (en) * 1977-06-24 1978-09-26 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Heat exchanger having controllable cleaning means

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1921278A (en) * 1932-07-27 1933-08-08 Fred M Young Radiator
US2602650A (en) * 1951-04-12 1952-07-08 Marcotte Louis Philippe Fin type radiator
US3538984A (en) * 1967-05-17 1970-11-10 Paul Leopold Kaesermann Heat exchanger unit
US3907032A (en) * 1971-04-27 1975-09-23 United Aircraft Prod Tube and fin heat exchanger
FR2200888A5 (de) * 1972-09-27 1974-04-19 Philips Nv
FR2250089A1 (de) * 1973-10-31 1975-05-30 Philips Nv
FR2259341A1 (en) * 1974-01-28 1975-08-22 Von Roll Ag Finned tube central heating radiator - tips of fins are bent parallel to tube to improve heat radiation
WO1980001104A1 (en) * 1978-11-24 1980-05-29 Caterpillar Tractor Co Heat exchanger having inclined tubes
WO1980001105A1 (en) * 1978-11-24 1980-05-29 Caterpillar Tractor Co Self purging heat exchanger

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"A high-performance radiator" by Asselman, Mulder and Meijer, page 866, presented at the 1972 Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0030821A1 (de) 1981-06-24
BR8008910A (pt) 1981-10-20

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