EP0029701B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verhütung von Feststoffabscheidungen in einem rohrförmigen Reaktor - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verhütung von Feststoffabscheidungen in einem rohrförmigen Reaktor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0029701B1
EP0029701B1 EP19800304133 EP80304133A EP0029701B1 EP 0029701 B1 EP0029701 B1 EP 0029701B1 EP 19800304133 EP19800304133 EP 19800304133 EP 80304133 A EP80304133 A EP 80304133A EP 0029701 B1 EP0029701 B1 EP 0029701B1
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Prior art keywords
reactor
liquid
flow
vessel
chamber
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EP19800304133
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0029701A1 (de
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Frank Souhrada
Buenaventura Buenafe Galvez
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Gulf Canada Ltd
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Gulf Canada Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/28—Moving reactors, e.g. rotary drums
    • B01J19/285—Shaking or vibrating reactors; reactions under the influence of low-frequency vibrations or pulsations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J19/002—Avoiding undesirable reactions or side-effects, e.g. avoiding explosions, or improving the yield by suppressing side-reactions
    • B01J19/0026—Avoiding carbon deposits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
    • B01J19/2405—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside provoking a turbulent flow of the reactants, such as in cyclones, or having a high Reynolds-number
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
    • C08F2/002—Scale prevention in a polymerisation reactor or its auxiliary parts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G9/14—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means
    • C10G9/16—Preventing or removing incrustation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F15/00—Other methods of preventing corrosion or incrustation
    • C23F15/005—Inhibiting incrustation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15D—FLUID DYNAMICS, i.e. METHODS OR MEANS FOR INFLUENCING THE FLOW OF GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F15D1/00—Influencing flow of fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L55/24—Preventing accumulation of dirt or other matter in the pipes, e.g. by traps, by strainers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
    • F17D1/20—Arrangements or systems of devices for influencing or altering dynamic characteristics of the systems, e.g. for damping pulsations caused by opening or closing of valves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00074—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00132—Controlling the temperature using electric heating or cooling elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00157—Controlling the temperature by means of a burner
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00162—Controlling or regulating processes controlling the pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00164—Controlling or regulating processes controlling the flow
    • B01J2219/00166—Controlling or regulating processes controlling the flow controlling the residence time inside the reactor vessel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S585/00—Chemistry of hydrocarbon compounds
    • Y10S585/949—Miscellaneous considerations
    • Y10S585/953—Pulsed, sonic, or plasma process
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/0318—Processes
    • Y10T137/0391—Affecting flow by the addition of material or energy

Definitions

  • the invention described herein relates to a process and an apparatus for preventing the deposition of solid matter on the walls of tubular reactors.
  • Tubular reactors are well known and widely used in the chemical process industries. Almost as well known is their tendency to become fouled by deposits of solid material, necessitating frequent removal from service for a cleaning operation. Examples of processes subject to fouling include polymerization reactions, hydrocarbon cracking, and in general, any high temperature reaction involving hydrocarbons in which elemental carbon may be formed.
  • deposits When deposits have formed on the inside of reactor tubing, they may be removed by mechanical means (e.g., high pressure water or steam jets), by solvents (e.g., silane or hot hydrocarbons) or by chemical reaction (e.g., oxidation and/or reduction).
  • mechanical means e.g., high pressure water or steam jets
  • solvents e.g., silane or hot hydrocarbons
  • chemical reaction e.g., oxidation and/or reduction
  • U.S. Patent No. 3,919,074 describes the use of recycling in a commercially-sized reactor to reduce fouling when heating a black oil to a temperature between 316°C and 427°C.
  • a disadvantage of such a recycling process is that the recycle can introduce a concentration of unwanted reaction products, such as coke precursors, to the inlet of the reactor, thereby increasing the potential for fouling. The process is observed to reduce but not entirely prevent fouling even under the temperature conditions of that patent. At much higher temperatures, as in Test Series II hereinafter described, recycling is observed to increase the apparent fouling rate, i.e. decrease the time of operation before the reactor tubing becomes completely blocked. Furthermore, where recycling is utilized in smaller-scale equipment it may become impossible to achieve the desired turbulent flow conditions, because of excessive pressure drop required therefor in smaller diameter tubing.
  • FR-A-2076452 describes apparatus for applying pressure pulses to a column of liquid in a vessel which may be fed continuously, the pulses being applied by a piston and cylinder mechanism and the surges being contained by the elasticity of a gas confined in a chamber.
  • the novel feature of the present invention is that an oscillating flow component is superimposed on the reaction mass flowing through a tubular reactor, the superimposed oscillating velocity component being designed to produce a turbulent flow in the reactor.
  • the agitation caused by the turbulent flow checks the deposition of solids on the wall of the reactor, thus impeding reactor blockage and the risk of consequent reactor shutdown.
  • the invention thus consists in a method for processing a liquid which is to flow through a tubular vessel at a rate that produces primarily laminar flow conditions therein and from which solids can form and deposit onto the wall of the vessel, comprising:
  • the invention further consists in an apparatus for processing liquids having a tendency to deposit solids on tubular reactor walls, comprising:
  • the means to maintain pressure can comprise means to prevent backflow of reaction products into the outlet of the reactor system from downstream processing steps.
  • a tubular reactor for heat-treating of coke-forming heavy oil petroleum fraction for example decant oil, consists of a reactor tube 1, a pulsating mechanism 2, a means for containing surges, 3 an inlet tube 4, feeding means 5, an outlet tube 6 and pressure-backflow control means 7.
  • the reactor tube can have an inside diameter as appropriate, given the design capacity of the reactor and allowable pressure drop. It is normally unnecessary to use a diameter below 1/8 inch (3.2 mm) to raise the Reynolds number of the secular flow, because the process of the invention can easily produce turbulent flow even starting from a zero secular flow in such small tubing. At the upper end of the scale, the process is limited only by the energy level that is to be put into the pulsations. In practice, only economic considerations limit the maximum diameter by virtue of the cost of imparting kinetic energy to the reaction mass in superimposing the pulsating flow on the secular flow.
  • the reactor tube can be designed in banks of parallel tubes, in a single length of coiled tube, or in one or more series of coiled tubes. If required, it can be heated by a gas or oil burner, by electric heater, or indirectly by a heated medium, or cooled by appropriate means.
  • the frequency of the pressure pulses and volume of liquid displaced can be designed to meet the needs of the particular reaction situation.
  • the construction and operating economics usually influence the sizing of the reactor, and are traded off against the imperatives of the chemistry involved, such as the reaction rate and possible chemical equilibria.
  • the resulting secular flow rate may well be in the laminar region, and may require a ten-fold or greater increase in speed to achieve turbulent flow. Under the influence of the pulsating mechanism, the speed changes frequently, causing the Reynolds number to fluctuate through the laminar region and, when properly adjusted for displacement and frequency, into the turbulent region.
  • the average Reynolds number may be somewhat lower.
  • the critical value needed for turbulent flow is not well defined, depending upon the geometry of the flow channel. For circular tubing, the critical value lies in the range from 2000 to 3000.
  • a peak Reynolds number equal to 2700 is deemed sufficient to achieve turbulent flow and check the deposition of solids on the reactor walls; however, a Reynolds number of 3000 gives a safety margin, and therefore the characteristics of the fluctuating flow preferably are any combination of sub-audio frequency and displaced volume that produces a peak Reynolds number of 3000 or greater.
  • the pulsating mechanism can, for example, consist of a rigid chamber containing a reciprocating piston or diaphragm, which optionally may be driven by positive mechanical driving means.
  • the design volume of the chamber can take into account the frequency of the oscillating piston or diaphragm and the displaced volume of liquid, to ensure that the peak oscillating velocity superimposed on the liquid flow in the reactor tube is in the turbulent flow region.
  • pressurized substantially inert gas can be employed to impart pulsation to a liquid surface in said rigid chamber.
  • the pressure pulses within the inert gas space of the chamber can be controlled by electrically, pneumatically or mechanically operated valves, installed on lines connecting the chamber to a source of the gas at higher pressure, with appropriate means for relieving the gas pressure in the reverse part of the pulse cycle.
  • a liquid immiscible with the processed material can be substituted for the above-mentioned gas.
  • the means for containing surges must be able to accommodate a volume at least equal to the volume of the liquid displaced by each oscillation of the pulsating mechanism.
  • the means for containing surges can include gas, optionally isolated from the reaction mass by a diaphragm.
  • the means to contain surges can consist of a piston or diaphragm in a second chamber similar to that of the pulsating mechanism, the piston or diaphragm being provided with a means to maintain pressure on the reaction liquid, for example a spring or a pressurized gas on the opposite side thereof to the reaction liquid.
  • the two chambers can be mechanically connected and if each reciprocating mechanism be driven by a positive mechanical driving means, then the oscillating mechanism and surge containment means can be driven by the same positive mechanical driving means, but 180 degrees out of phase; that is, when one piston or diaphragm advances, the other recedes.
  • the feed line to the said reactor can comprise a tube or pipe with a means to maintain a feed rate as desired, for example a pump or where the upstream pressure is sufficient, anti-backflow valve.
  • the product outlet line can comprise a conventional tube or pipe and a means to maintain pressure and/or prevent backflow of fluid into the reactor system from downstream processing steps.
  • the use of such means is dependent upon the pressure in the reactor system compared to the downstream pressure.
  • such means can be an anti-backflow valve or a pump if the reactor pressure is less than the downstream pressure during part or all of the pulsation cycle, respectively. It can be a pressure regulating valve, for example, if the reactor pressure exceeds the downstream pressure.
  • the pulsating mechanism can be situated near either inlet or outlet of the reactor, provided that the superimposed oscillation velocity is transmitted throughout the reactor tube to the surge vessel at the other end.
  • a heavy petroleum fraction consisting of a full-range decant oil was fed to a tubular reactor, 10 feet (3.05 m) long and 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) inside diameter.
  • the reactor tube in the form of a single coil, was immersed in a fluidized sand bed which was electrically heated.
  • the reactor temperatures were in the range from 493°C to 504°C.
  • the feed rates were adjusted to obtain a residence time at the above-noted reaction temperature ranging from about 9 to 11 minutes.
  • the durations of three runs before the reactor became plugged with coke are shown in Table I.
  • the calculation of Reynolds number in all Tests Series was of necessity approximate because the density and viscosity of the reaction mass at the noted conditions were estimated rather than measured values.
  • Each run started with a new reactor tube. The longest run lasted for 48 hours; after each run the reactor had to be shut down and cleaned, and its tube which was plugged with coke had to be replaced.
  • Test series III illustrates the use of the present invention.
  • the decant oil as used in Series I and II was fed to a pulsed reactor by a gear pump at the rate of about 1700 grams per hour.
  • the reactor tube in the form of a single coil, was immersed in the fluidized sand bed which was electrically heated as in Series I and II.
  • the tests are summarized in Table III.
  • Run III-A used a reactor tube 67 feet (20.4 m) in length and 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) in inside diameter.
  • the run had a reactor residence time of about 9.9 minutes and an average temperature of 502°C.
  • the pulsating mechanism which was situated at the inlet of the reactor tube, consisted of a chamber displacing a volume of 4 millilitres per stroke and a diaphragm oscillating at 115 strokes per minute.
  • the surge vessel was partially filled with nitrogen and was located at the outlet of the reactor tube. The run continued for 57 hours with neither blockage nor pressure overrun ever occurring in the reactor. On dismantling the reactor, the inside surface of the tubing was found to be free of deposits.
  • Run III-B like Run III-A, proceeded continuously and smoothly for 82 hours until it was normally shut down.
  • Run lll-B used a reactor tube 34 feet (10.4 m) in length and 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) in inside diameter.
  • the reactor average temperature was 529°.
  • the pulsating mechanism consisted of a chamber displacing a volume of 7 millilitres per stroke and a piston oscillating at 58 strokes per minute.
  • the surge vessel had the same characteristics as that in Run III-A. Again, at the end of this experiment, the inside surface of the reactor tubing was virtually free of deposits.
  • the present invention can be used advantageously in a pilot plant (to simulate the generally turbulent flow in a commercial tubular reactor, regardless of the size limitation of a pilot plant), and in a commercial thermal reactor (operating below its design capacity) without recycling a portion of the product.
  • a pilot plant to simulate the generally turbulent flow in a commercial tubular reactor, regardless of the size limitation of a pilot plant
  • a commercial thermal reactor operating below its design capacity
  • recycling a portion of the heat-treated product can have an adverse effect; it increases the tendency towards coke formation and coke deposition in the reactor and therefore shortens the reactor run.
  • Another important application of this invention is in commercial reactors which are susceptible to reactor blockage due to polymerization and solids formation in the laminar boundary layer.
  • the invention can also be used to full advantage in commercial crackers and cokers wherein the cracked products have a tendency to polymerize and solidify in the reactor tube when the flow exhibits a Reynolds number below the turbulent region.
  • Another advantageous application of this invention is in small to medium-size commercial heaters because it provides for turbulent flow without the need to size the tubes under two inches inside diameter, which tubes are generally difficult to clean.
  • the oscillating flow reactor is applicable to reactor systems in which reactants undergo any of several types of treatment.
  • the tests above describe a system in which heat is transferred into the reactor.
  • the principle is also effective in cooling systems, i.e. where heat is being removed from the reactants inside the tube.
  • the use of turbulent flow can be even more important in a cooling system because the viscosity of the reactants increases with decreasing temperature and causes a decrease in the Reynolds number and consequently a tendency towards undesirable laminar flow. In these situations, an increased volume and/or frequency of oscillation may be necessary to maintain the Reynolds number in the region of turbulent flow.
  • the described process and apparatus are also applicable to substantially adiabatic chemical reactions, for example those in which polymers are produced, which polymers have a high viscosity and a tendency to deposit on the walls of the tube.

Claims (10)

1. Verfahren zum Behandeln einer Flüssigkeit, welche durch ein rohrförmiges Gefäß in einer Menge strömt, die primär laminare Strömungsbedingungen darin erzeugt, und aus der sich Festkörper bilden und auf der Wand des Gefäßes absetzen können, umfassend:
(a) Aufrechterhalten einer kontinuierlichen Zufuhr von Flüssigkeit in den Einlaß des Gefäßes in einer Menge, die eine laminare Strömung der Flüssigkeit verursacht, wenn sie sich zum Auslaß des Gefäßes bewegt, und
(b) im wesentlichen kontinuierliches Abgeben der Flüssigkeit aus dem Auslaß am Ende des Gefäßes, entfernt vom Einlaß durch
(1) Aufbringen von regelmäßig sich ändernden Impulsen auf die Flüssigkeitsströmung an einer Stelle in der Strömung in der Nähe des einen Endes des Gefäßes;
(2) Aufrechterhalten einer positiven Versetzung der Flüssigkeit zu und von einer Pumpkammer mittels der genannten Impulse, wobei die Pumpkammer geeignet ist, die Flüssigkeit aufzunehmen und abzugeben und in der Nähe des entgegengesetzten Endes des Gefäßes vom Aufbringpunkt der sich ändernden Druckimpulse mit der Strömung verbunden ist,

gekennzeichnet durch Steuern der Frequenz und der Amplitude der Druckimpulse wirksam so, daß die Strömungsbedingungen in der Flüssigkeit im Gefäß zwischen der Aufbringstelle der Impulse und der Pumpkammer während der Zyklen im turbulenten Bereich eine spitzenmomentane Reynolds-Zahl erreichen.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Strömung eine spitzenmomentane Reynolds-Zahl oberhalb von 3000 erreicht.
3. Apparat zum Behandeln von Flüssigkeiten mit einer Tendenz zum Absetzen von Festkörpern auf rohrförmigen Reaktorwänden, mit:
a) einem rohrförmigen Reaktor, in dem die Behandlung durchgeführt wird,
(b) Mitteln zum Sicherstellen einer im wesentlichen kontinuierlichen Zufuhr zum Reaktoreinlaß an einem Ende desselben und
(c) Mittel am Auslaß des Reaktors und entfernt vom Einlaß zum Aufrechterhalten des Drucks innerhalb des Reaktors,
(d) einem Pulsationsmechanismus in der Nähe eines Endes des Reaktors einschließlich einer Kammer, die in offener Verbindung mit dem Reaktor steht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Apparat ebenfalls umfaßt:
(e) Mittel in der Nähe des entgegengesetzten Endes des Reaktors vom Pulsationsmechanismus, um die dadurch erzeugten Flüssigkeitspumpmengen aufzunehmen, daß der Pulsationsmechanismus Mittel umfaßt, um in der Flüssigkeitsströmung in Reaktor eine Schwingung einer Frequenz und Amplitude zu induzieren, die ausreichend ist, um während jeder Schwingung eine spitzenmomentane Reynolds-Zahl im turbulenten Strömungsbereich zu erreichen.
4. Apparat nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Reaktorrohr einen Innendurchmesser im Bereich von 3,2 mm (1/8 inch) aufweist.
5. Apparat nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Pulsationsmechanismus eine Kammer und einen Kolben oder eine Kammer und eine Membran aufweist, welche mit Mitteln zum Induzieren einer hin- und hergehenden Bewegung ausgerüstet sind.
6. Apparat nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel zum Aufnehmen der Pumpstöße eine Kammer und einen Kolben oder eine Kammer und eine Membran umfassen, die mit Mitteln zum Aufrechterhalten eines Drucks auf die behandelte Flüssigkeit ausgerüstet sind.
7. Apparat nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel zum Aufnehmen der Pumpstöße mechanisch am Pulsationsmechanismus angebracht sind.
8. Apparat nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel zum Aufnehmen der Pumpstöße mechanisch am Pulsationsmechanismus angebracht sind und sowohl die Kolben als auch die Membranen mit denselben Mitteln gekuppelt sind, um die hin- und hergehende Bewegung zu induzieren.
9. Apparat nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel zum Aufnehmen der Pumpstöße ein Gefäß ist, welches teilweise mit einem Inertgas gefüllt ist.
10. Apparat nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel zum Steuern des Flüssigkeitsstromes am Auslaß des Systems aus der Gruppe ausgewählt sind, welche umfaßt: ein Antirückstromventil, eine Pumpe und ein Druckregelventil.
EP19800304133 1979-11-20 1980-11-19 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verhütung von Feststoffabscheidungen in einem rohrförmigen Reaktor Expired EP0029701B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA340173 1979-11-20
CA340,173A CA1123578A (en) 1979-11-20 1979-11-20 Process and apparatus for the prevention of solids deposits in a tubular reactor
US06/097,011 US4271007A (en) 1979-11-20 1979-11-23 Method and apparatus for the prevention of solids deposits in a tubular reactor by pulsed flow

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0029701A1 EP0029701A1 (de) 1981-06-03
EP0029701B1 true EP0029701B1 (de) 1985-09-11

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US (1) US4271007A (de)
EP (1) EP0029701B1 (de)
CA (1) CA1123578A (de)

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EP0029701A1 (de) 1981-06-03
US4271007A (en) 1981-06-02

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