EP0028143B1 - Verfahren zum Waschen von Textilmaterialien und Waschmittelzusammensetzung dafür - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Waschen von Textilmaterialien und Waschmittelzusammensetzung dafür Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0028143B1
EP0028143B1 EP80303777A EP80303777A EP0028143B1 EP 0028143 B1 EP0028143 B1 EP 0028143B1 EP 80303777 A EP80303777 A EP 80303777A EP 80303777 A EP80303777 A EP 80303777A EP 0028143 B1 EP0028143 B1 EP 0028143B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
alkalimetal
orthophosphate
phosphate
polymer phosphate
fabrics
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80303777A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0028143A1 (de
Inventor
Ronald Meredith Morris
Horst Poeselt
Hermann Rabitsch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Unilever PLC
Unilever NV
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Unilever PLC
Unilever NV
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Priority to AT80303777T priority Critical patent/ATE4733T1/de
Publication of EP0028143A1 publication Critical patent/EP0028143A1/de
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Publication of EP0028143B1 publication Critical patent/EP0028143B1/de
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
    • D06L1/00—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods
    • D06L1/12—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods using aqueous solvents
    • D06L1/16—Multi-step processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
    • C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
    • C11D3/06—Phosphates, including polyphosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D2111/00—Cleaning compositions characterised by the objects to be cleaned; Cleaning compositions characterised by non-standard cleaning or washing processes
    • C11D2111/40—Specific cleaning or washing processes
    • C11D2111/44—Multi-step processes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to fabric washing processes and to the compositions which are adapted for this purpose, using synthetic detergent active compounds together with phosphate detergency builders.
  • the invention concerns in particular fabric washing using detergent compositions which contain levels of the phosphate detergency builders which can be lower than conventional phosphate builder levels, whilst still achieving good detergency results.
  • the present invention is concerned with low phosphorus containing compositions having enhanced building properties.
  • the process can be conducted if desired in two stages, for example using a prewash as step (i) and then a main wash as step (ii), the fabrics being substantially separated from the prewash liquor before being contacted with the main wash liquor.
  • a prewash as step (i) and then a main wash as step (ii)
  • the fabrics being substantially separated from the prewash liquor before being contacted with the main wash liquor.
  • there is often some carry-over of the ingredients in the pre-wash into the main wash so that there is some benefit from the presence of residual alkalimetal orthophosphate in the main wash liquor.
  • Many modern domestic washing machines are designed for sequential pre- and main washes, or the consumer may himself arrange the sequential washing.
  • the washing process can be conducted in a single stage, where the liquor used in step (i) remains in contact with the fabrics during step (ii).
  • This can be achieved by including the polymer phosphate together with the orthophosphate and synthetic detergent compound in a single composition, but treating the former to delay its dissolution so that in step (i) it remains in an undissolved form, or by adding the polymer phosphate to the wash solution later than the other ingredients. This can again be achieved manually or automatically.
  • Dissolution of the polymer phosphate is desirably delayed for at least a quarter of a minute, preferably at least one and more preferably, at least five minutes, after dissolution of the bulk of the orthophosphate, to encourage maximum precipitation of calcium orthophosphate before addition of the former.
  • a detergent composition for carrying out such a method, comprising a synthetic detergent active compound, an alkalimetal or ammonium orthophosphate and an alkalimetal or ammonium polymerphosphate, said composition yielding a pH of between 9 and 11 when dissolved in 12°H (Ca) water (French permanent hardness, calcium only) at 50°C and at a concentration of 0.1% w/v, and said composition containing not more than 5% by weight alkali metal pyrophosphate by weight of the composition and substantially no other phosphate detergency builders, characterised by means for delaying the solubility of said alkalimetal or ammonium polymer phosphate when the composition is added to water to form a wash liquor.
  • a synthetic detergent active compound an alkalimetal or ammonium orthophosphate and an alkalimetal or ammonium polymerphosphate
  • said composition yielding a pH of between 9 and 11 when dissolved in 12°H (Ca) water (French permanent hardness, calcium only) at 50°C
  • the detergent composition may be in the form of two containers, the first container containing at least a part of said synthetic detergent active compound and the orthophosphate and the second container containing the polymer phosphate and optionally a further part of the synthetic detergent active compound.
  • the contents of the first container are released into water to form a wash liquor for step (i) of the process and subsequently the contents of the second container are released to form a wash liquor for step (ii) of the process.
  • the delayed addition of the polymer phosphate to the washing solution is advantageous in giving decreased deposition of inorganic phosphates on the washed fabric, compared with the simultaneous addition of the polymer phosphate and orthophosphate. It is believed that this is due to the substantially complete precipitation of calcium orthophosphate by reaction with hard water before dissolution of the polymer phosphate.
  • the washing process of the invention can be accomplished manually, if desired, but is normally accomplished in a domestic or commercial laundry washing machine.
  • the latter permits the use of higher wash temperatures and alkalinity, and more effective agitation, all of which contribute generally to better detergency.
  • High wash temperatures at least about 60°C
  • high alkalinity over about pH 10
  • any wash temperature between ambient and boiling may be employed with any normal degree of alkalinity (pH 8-12).
  • the type of washing machine used, if any, is not significant.
  • the orthophosphate and the polymer phosphate when in aqueous solution in hard water, the orthophosphate and the polymer phosphate will be present wholly or partially in the form of the calcium or magnesium salts, which are insoluble for the orthophosphates and soluble chelates in the case of the polymer phosphates. But for convenience the phosphates will be referred to generally as being in the alkali metal or ammonium salt form as appropriate, as if the aqueous solutions were prepared with de-ionised water.
  • the detergent compositions used in the process of the invention may be either solid or liquid compositions. Either physical form can be used if the orthophosphate and polymer phosphate are included in different compositions for separate addition to the wash liquor. Compositions in liquid form are suitable in particular for commercial laundry use, in which bulk supplies of aqueous orthophosphate and polymer phosphate solutions are available and are automatically dosed to the washing machines at the appropriate times in the wash cycle. But if the orthophosphate and polymer phosphate are included in a single composition, with the latter being treated to delay its solubility, the composition will normally be in solid form, e.g. as a powdered or granulated product.
  • Suitable processes for the preparation of such detergent compositions according to the invention include forming a detergent base powder containing a detergent active compound or compounds and optionally the orthophosphate, and admixing with the base powder any further orthophosphate and an alkali metal or ammonium polymer phosphate, treated to delay its dissolution in water.
  • the base powder is prepared by spray drying in the normal way using conventional equipment and process conditions.
  • other conventional techniques may be used for preparing the base powder containing the detergent active compound and usually the orthophosphate.
  • Other heat-sensitive ingredients may also be admixed with the base powder together with or separately from the treated alkali metal or ammonium polymer phosphate, for example oxygen bleach compounds such as sodium perborate.
  • the alkali metal polymer phosphate used in the compositions of the invention is preferably a sodium polymer phosphate, but if desired the potassium or ammonium salts can be used.
  • alkali metal polymer phosphate is used below to include the sodium, potassium and ammonium salts.
  • the alkali metal polymer phosphates are generally represented as having the formula M 2 0(MP0 3 ) " , where M is sodium, potassium or ammonium and n is an integer which is at least 4 and up to 100 or more, preferably where n is from 6 to 50.
  • the polymer phosphate is treated to delay its dissolution, for inclusion in a single composition with the orthophosphate, this may be accomplished in the production of the polymer phosphate or subsequently.
  • the polymer phosphates may be made with a large particle size and with a particular long-chain length, for example where n is 50-100 or more, or the polymer phosphate may be coated or encapsulated with a slowly soluble material such as wax, nonionic detergent compounds, higher fatty acids or a protein such as gelatin.
  • the rate of solubility of the polymer phosphates may also be decreased by using them in partial calcium, zinc or other polyvalent salt form. Two or more of these treatments may also be combined, so as to give close control over the solubility of the polymer phosphate under the recommended washing conditions.
  • the rate of solubility of the polymer phosphate may also be controlled by granulating the polymer phosphate with sodium silicate.
  • the granules may contain the polymer phosphate and an alkalimetal silicate having a M 2 0:S'0 2 ratio of from 1:2 to 1:3.75 wherein M is an alkalimetal, the granule being dried to a moisture content of less than 7% by weight.
  • a particularly useful granule of this type can be achieved by granulating 1 part of polymer phosphate with 3 parts of sodium silicate having an Na 2 o:S'0 2 ratio of 1:2.
  • the polymer phosphate-containing granule may also contain a portion of the synthetic detergent active compound.
  • the delayed solubility of the polymer phosphate may also be achieved by dosing the composition in a two-compartment sachet, the sachet being so constituted that when added to water the contents of the first compartment, namely the alkalimetal orthophosphate and at least some of the synthetic detergent active compound are released before the contents of the second compartment, namely the alkalimetal or ammonium polymer phosphate and optionally a further part of the synthetic detergent active compound.
  • a suitable sachet construction of this type may be made from a first outer sheet of polyethylene film, a second outer sheet of acrylic bonded polyester/viscose non-woven fabric and an inner sheet of thermally bonded polypropylene non-woven fabric, these three sheets being heat sealed together at the edges to define a sachet with two compartments.
  • the first compartment between the two layers of non-woven fabric may be filled with the orthophosphate and at least some of the synthetic detergent active compound.
  • the second compartment may be filled with the alkalimetal or ammonium polymer phosphate and optionally a further part of the synthetic detergent active compound.
  • the contents of the second compartment are released after those of the first compartment because they must pass through the first compartment before entering the wash liquor.
  • the solution of the polymer phosphate may also be delayed by coating or encapsulating the polymer phosphate with a water-dispersible water-insoluble material or with a water-soluble material.
  • coating materials include fatty acids, alkanolamides of fatty acids, glycerol esters of fatty acids, long chain hydrocarbon aliphatic alcohols, paraffin waxes, mineral oil, gelatin, sugar, nonionic surface active agents, polyvinylalcohol and sodium carboxymethylcellulose as described in US 3 847 830 (Williams) and GB 1 242 247 (Unilever).
  • the orthophosphate used is either potassium or preferably sodium orthophosphate, as the latter is cheaper and more readily available.
  • Ammonium orthophosphate may also be used, particularly if the product is not prepared by spray drying.
  • the tri-alkali metals salts are used, but orthophosphoric acid or the di- or mono-alkalimetal salts, e.g. disodium hydrogen orthophosphate or monosodium dihydrogen orthophosphate could be used if desired in the production of the compositions.
  • other more alkaline salts should also be present to maintain a high pH in the end product, i.e. with full neutralisation to the tri-alkalimetal orthophosphate salts.
  • the orthophosphate can be used in the form of the anhydrous or hydrated salts, but in the former case it is preferred to promote hydration during processing, e.g. by adding the anhydrous orthophosphate to a detergent slurry and spray drying to form a base powder.
  • the alkalimetal polymer phosphates do not form hydrated salts as such, and are normally used in predominantly anhydrous form, but they are hygroscopic and tend to absorb atmospheric moisture. The amounts of salts used are expressed in anhydrous form.
  • the total amounts of the essential polymer phosphate and orthophosphate are chosen according to the overall detergency builder level which is desired in the detergent compositions or according to the maximum permitted phosphorus content.
  • the total phosphate builder level which is preferably derived solely from the polymer phosphate and the orthophosphate, is between 5% and 50%, preferably 10% to 30% by weight of the composition, with an amount of 2% to 20% each of the polymer phosphate and orthophosphate.
  • the amounts of the polymer phosphate and the orthophosphate are each from 5% to 15%, especially 5% to 10% by weight of the polymer.
  • the total amount of the polymer phosphate and orthophosphate is preferably from 10% to 25%, especially 15% to 20%, by weight of the composition.
  • amounts of the orthophosphate and the polymer phosphate within the ratio of from 3:1 to 1:3 especially 2:1 to 1:2, parts by weight.
  • ratios of polymer phosphate to orthophosphate are particularly suitable for detergent compositions used at relatively high product concentrations, i.e. 0.3% to 0.8% by weight as is common practice in Europe, especially in front-loading automatic washing machines, and where moderate levels of phosphates are allowed in the products, i.e. equivalent to 2% to 7% P.
  • the only phosphate detergency builders used in the process of the invention should be the polymer phosphate and the orthophosphate.
  • Some pyrophosphate is generally found as impurities at low levels in other commercial alkali metal phosphates, and some pyrophosphate may also be formed by hydrolysis of any polymer phosphate during processing, for example during slurry making. Hence, total absence of alkali metal pyrophosphate is generally unattainable in the detergent compositions. Not more than 5% especially not more than 2.5% of alkali metal pyrophosphate should be present in the compositions, as at higher levels the amounts of inorganic deposits on the washing machine parts become significantly more noticeable.
  • the process of the invention is necessarily accomplished using synthetic anionic, nonionic, amphoteric or zwitterionic detergent active compounds or mixtures thereof.
  • Detergent compositions normally include from 2.5% to 50%, preferably 5% to 30%, and especially 10% to 25% by weight of such ingredients.
  • suitable detergent compounds are commercially available and are fully described in the literature, for example in "Surface Active Agents and Detergents", Volumes I and II, by Schwartz, Perry and Berch.
  • the preferred detergent compounds which can be used are synthetic anionic and nonionic compounds.
  • the former are usually water-soluble alkali metal salts of organic sulphates and sulphonates having alkyl radicals containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, the term alkyl being used to include the alkyl portion of higher acyl radicals.
  • suitable synthetic anionic detergent compounds are sodium and potassium alkyl sulphates, especially those obtained by sulphating higher (C 8 ⁇ C 18 ) alcohols produced for example from tallow or coconut oil; sodium and potassium alkyl (C 9 ⁇ C 20 ) benzene sulphonates, particularly sodium linear secondary alkyl (C 10 -C 15 ) benzene sulphonates; sodium alkyl glyceryl ether sulphates, especially those ethers of the higher alcohols derived from tallow or coconut oil and synthetic alcohols derived from petroleum; sodium coconut oil fatty monoglyceride sulphates and sulphonates; sodium and potassium salts of sulphuric acid esters of higher (C 9 ⁇ C 18 ) fatty alcohol-alkylene oxide, particularly ethylene oxide, reaction products; the reaction products of fatty acids such as coconut fatty acids esterified with isethionic acid and neutralised with sodium hydroxide; sodium and potassium salts of fatty acid amides of methyl
  • Suitable nonionic detergent compounds which may be used include in particular the reaction products of compounds having a hydrophobic group and a reactive hydrogen atom, for example aliphatic alcohols, acids, amides or alkyl phenols with alkylene oxides, especially ethylene oxide either alone or with propylene oxide.
  • Specific nonionic detergent compounds are alkyl (C r- C 22 ) phenols- ethylene oxide condensates, generally 5 to 25 EO, i.e.
  • nonionic detergent compounds include long chain tertiary amine oxides, long chain tertiary phosphine oxides and dialkyl sulphoxides.
  • detergent compounds for example mixed anionic or mixed anionic and nonionic compounds may be used in the detergent compositions, particularly in the latter case to provide controlled low sudsing properties. This is beneficial for compositions intended for use in suds-intolerant automatic washing machines.
  • some nonionic detergent compounds in the compositions decreases the tendency of insoluble phosphate salts to deposit on the washed fabrics, especially when used in admixture with some soaps as described below.
  • Amounts of amphoteric or zwitterionic detergent compounds can also be used in the compositions of the invention but this is not normally desired due to their relatively high cost. If any amphoteric or zwitterionic detergent compounds are used in it is generally in small amounts in compositions based on the much more commonly used synthetic anionic and/or nonionic detergent compounds. For example, mixtures of amine oxides and ethoxylated nonionic detergent compounds can be used.
  • Soaps may also be present in the detergent compositions of the invention, but not as the sole detergent compounds.
  • the soaps are particularly useful at low levels in binary and ternary mixtures, together with nonionic or mixed synthetic anionic and nonionic detergent compounds, which have low sudsing properties.
  • the soaps which are used are the sodium, or less desirably potassium, salts of C lo -C 14 fatty acids. It is particularly preferred that the soaps should be based mainly on the longer chain fatty acids within this range, that is with at least half of the soaps having a carbon chain length of 16 or over.
  • soaps from natural sources such as tallow, palm oil or rapeseed oil, which can be hardened if desired, with lesser amounts of other shorter chain soaps, prepared from nut oils such as coconut oil or palm kernel oil.
  • the amount of such soaps can be up to about 25% by weight, with lower amounts of about 0.5% to about 5% being generally sufficient for lather control.
  • Amounts of soap between about 2% to about 20%, especially between about 5% and about 15%, can advantageously be used to give a beneficial effect on detergency and reduced levels of incrustation.
  • the detergent compositions used in the process of the invention can contain any of the conventional additives in the amounts in which such materials are normally employed in fabric washing detergent compositions.
  • these additives include lather boosters such as alkanolamides, particularly the monoethanolamides derived from palm kernel fatty acids and coconut fatty acids, lather depressants such as alkyl phosphates, waxes and silicones, antiredeposition agents such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose and polyvinyl pyrrolidone optionally copolymerised with vinyl acetate, oxygen- releasing bleaching agents such as sodium perborate and sodium percarbonate, per-acid bleach precursors, chlorine-releasing bleaching agents such as trichloroisocyanuric acid and alkali metal salts of dichloroisocyanauric acid, fabric softening agents, inorganic salts such as sodium sulphate, sodium carbonate and magnesium silicate, and, usually present in very minor amounts, fluorescent agents, perfumes,
  • lather boosters such as alkanol
  • an amount of sodium perborate preferably between about 10% and 40%, for example about 15% to about 30%, by weight. It has been found that the bleaching action of sodium perborate is boosted under the highly alkaline conditions which also give optimum detergency and building action from the orthophosphate. Thus, it becomes possible to achieve improved bleaching properties by using the same levels of sodium perborate as normal; or decreased levels of sodium perborate can be used to give equal bleaching properties to those of conventional products with higher levels of perborate and sodium tripolyphosphate as the sole detergency builder. The latter option can also be used to further decrease the raw materials costs of the compositions, if a cheap filler is used in place of part of the sodium perborate.
  • the effective antideposition agents are materials which stabilise insoluble calcium orthophosphate particles and thereby inhibit their deposition onto the fabrics.
  • the most effective antideposition agents are anionic polyelectrolytes, especially polymeric aliphatic carboxylates.
  • the amount of any such antideposition agent can be from about 0.01 % to about 10% of the compositions, but is normally from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight, preferably from about 0.2% to about 2% by weight of the compositions.
  • Specific preferred antideposition agents are the alkali metal or ammonium, preferably the sodium, salts of homo- and co-polymers of acrylic acid or substituted acrylic acids, such as sodium polyacrylate, the sodium salt of copolymethacrylamide/acrylic acid and sodium poly-alphahydroxyacrylate, salts of copolymers of maleic anhydride with ethylene, acrylic acid vinylmethylether, allyl acetate or styrene, especially 1:1 copolymers, and optionally with partial esterification of the carboxyl groups.
  • Such copolymers preferably have relatively low molecular weights, e.g. in the range of about 1,000 to 50,000.
  • anti-deposition agents include the sodium salts of polymaleic acid, polyitaconic acid and polyaspartic acid, phosphate esters of ethoxylated aliphatic alcohols, polyethylene glycol phosphate esters, and certain phosphates such as sodium ethane - 1 - hydroxy - 1,1 - diphosphonate, sodium ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonate, and sodium 2-phosphonobutane tricarboxylate. Mixtures of organic phosphonic acids or substituted acrylic acids or their salts with protective colloids such as gelatin may also be used.
  • the most preferred antideposition agent is sodium polyacrylate having a MW of about 10,000 to 50,000, for example about 20,000 to 30,000.
  • an amount of an alkali metal silicate particularly sodium ortho-, meta- or preferably neutral or alkaline silicate.
  • alkali metal silicates at levels of at least about 1 %, and preferably from about 5% to about 15%, by weight of the composition, is advantageous in decreasing the corrosion of metal parts in washing machines, besides giving processing benefits and generally improved powder properties.
  • the more highly alkaline ortho- and meta-silicates would normally only be used at lower amounts within this range, in admixture with the neutral or alkaline silicates.
  • compositions of the invention are required to be alkaline, but not too strongly alkaline as this could result in fabric damage and also be .hazardous for domestic usage.
  • the compositions should normally give a pH of from 9 to 11 in use in aqueous wash solution. It is preferred in particular for domestic products to have a minimum pH of at least 9.25 and especially a pH of 9.5 or over, as lower pHs tend to be less effective for optimum detergency building, and a maximum pH of 10.5, as more highly alkaline products can be hazardous if misused.
  • the pH is measured at the lowest normal usage concentration of 0.1% w/v of the product in water of 12°H (Ca), (French permanent hardness, calcium only) at 50°C so that a satisfactory degree of alkalinity can be assured in use at all normal product concentrations.
  • the pH of the detergent compositions in use is controlled by the amount of orthophosphate and any other alkaline salts such as alkali metal silicate, sodium perborate and sodium carbonate present.
  • alkali metal silicate such as alkali metal silicate, sodium perborate and sodium carbonate present.
  • alkalimetal silicates especially the alkalimetal silicates, is particularly beneficial, because the alkalinity of the alkalimetal orthophosphate is diminished in hard water due to precipitation of the calcium salt.
  • the alkalimetal polymer phosphate is more stable and resistant to hydrolysis under moderately alkaline conditions.
  • the other ingredients in the alkaline detergent compositions of the invention should of course be chosen for alkaline stability, especially the pH sensitive materials such as enzymes.
  • the detergent compositions of the invention are preferably made in particulate form, by admixture of a spray dried base powder and treated alkalimetal polymer phosphate.
  • the detergent compositions may be compressed or compacted into tablets or blocks, or otherwise treated for example by granulation, prior to packaging and sale. Because of the hygroscopic nature of the alkalimetal polymer phosphates, it may be desirable to use moisture impermeable packaging for the detergent compositions, for example in plastic or fabric sachets containing pre-measured doses for washing machine usage.
  • Fabric washing trials were then conducted using the products A and B as prewash and main wash products respectively, in a Bauknecht automatic washing machine. Water of hardness 23°(GH) was employed with the recommended dosage levels of 150 g of powder in both the pre- and main-washes. The same clothes were washed 15 times (boil wash) after which low levels of inorganic deposits were found on the fabrics as follows:

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Claims (9)

1. Verfahren zum Waschen von Textilien, umfassend die Stufen des
(i) Zusammenbringens der Textilien mit einer Waschflüssigkeit, die eine synthetische, waschaktive Verbindung und ein Alkalimetall- oder Ammoniumorthophosphat enthält, und
(ii) anschließenden Zusammenbringens der Textilien mit einer Waschflüssigkeit, die eine synthetische, waschaktive Verbindung und ein Alkalimetall- oder Ammoniumpolymerphosphat enthält, wobei jede der Waschflüssigkeiten einen pH zwischen 8 und 12 hat und jede der Waschflüssigkeiten praktisch keine anderen Phosphat-Washmittelbuilder enthält,

dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Stufe (ii) wenigstens 15 s nach Stufe (i) durchgeführt wird.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es in zwei Stufen durchgeführt wird, wobei die Textilien von der in Stufe (i) verwendeten Waschflüssigkeit im wesentlichen abgetrennt werden, bevor sie mit der in Stufe (ii) verwendeten Flüssigkeit zusammengebracht werden.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die in Stufe (i) verwendete Waschflüssigkeit mit den Textilien währen der Stufe (ii) in Kontakt bleibt.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Alkalimetall- oder Ammoniumpolymerphosphat in der in Stufe (i) verwendeten Waschflüssigkeit in einer ungelösten Form vorhanden ist.
5. Waschmittel zum Waschen von Textilien nach einem Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, das eine synthetische, waschaktive Verbindung, ein Alkalimetall- oder Ammoniumorthophosphat und ein Alkalimetall- oder Ammoniumpolymerphosphat enthält, wobei das Mittel einen pH zwischen 9 und 11 1 ergibt, wenn in 12°H (Ca) (französische Permanenthärte, nur Calcium) bei 50°C und bei einer Konzentration von 0,1 Gew./Vol..-% gelöst, und wobei das Mittel nicht mehr als 5 Gew.-% Alkalimetallpyrophosphat, bezogen auf das Gewicht des Mittels, und praktisch keine anderen Phosphat-Waschmittellbuilder enthält, gekennzeichnet durch Mittel zum Verzögern der Löslichkeit des Alkalimetall- oder Ammoniumpolymerphosphats, wenn das Mittel Wasser zur Bildung einer Waschflüssigkeit zugesetzt ist.
6. Waschmittel nach Anspruch 5, gekennzeichnet durch einen ersten Behälter, der wenigstens einen Teil der synthetischen, waschaktiven Verbindung und des Orthophosphats enthält, und einen zweiten Behälter, der das polymere Phosphat und gegebenenfalls einen weiteren Teil der synthetischen, waschaktiven Verbindung enthält.
7. Waschmittel nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der erste Behälter und der zweite Behälter jeweils durch eine erste Kammer und eine zweite Kammer eines Beutels gebildet sind, wobei der Beutel so aufgebaut ist, daß, wenn er in Wasser gegeben wird, die Inhalte der ersten Kammer vor den Inhalten der zweiten Kammer freigegeben werden.
8. Waschmittel nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Mittel zum Verzögern der Löslichkeit des Alkalimetall oder Ammoniumpolymerphosphats aus einem sich langsam lösenden Material besteht, mit dem das polymere Phosphat granuliert oder eingekapselt ist.
9. Waschmittel nach Anspruch 5, gekennzeichnet durch folgende Gewichtsgehalte:
2,5 bis 5096 einer oder mehrerer synthetischer waschaktiver Verbindung(en), ausgewählt unter anionischen, nitchtionischen, amphoteren und zwitterionischen synthetischen Waschmittelverbindungen;
2 bis 20% des Alkalimetall- oder Ammoniumorthophosphats;
2 bis 20% des Alkalimetall- oder Ammoniumpolymerphosphats in einer solchen Form, daß seine Löslichkeit verzögert ist, wenn das Mittel zur Bildung einer Waschflüssigkeit Wasser zugesetzt wird, wobei das Gewichtsverhältnis des Orthophosphats zum Polymerphosphat 3:1 bis 1:3 ist;
gegebenenfalls nicht mehr als 20% Nicht-Phosphat-Waschmittelbuilder oder sequestrierender Builder;
gegebenenfalls nicht mehr als 25% Seife und
gegebenenfalls ein oder mehrere Bestandteile, ausgewählt unter Schaumverstärkern, der Widerabscheidung entgegenwirkenden Mitteln, Sauerstoff freisetzenden Mitteln, Persäure-Bleichvorstufen, Chlor freisetzenden Bleichmitteln, Textil-weichmachenden Mitteln, anorganischen Salzen, fluoreszierenden Mitteln, Parfums, Enzymen, keimtötenden Mitteln und färbenden Mitteln.
EP80303777A 1979-10-26 1980-10-24 Verfahren zum Waschen von Textilmaterialien und Waschmittelzusammensetzung dafür Expired EP0028143B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80303777T ATE4733T1 (de) 1979-10-26 1980-10-24 Verfahren zum waschen von textilmaterialien und waschmittelzusammensetzung dafuer.

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB7937167 1979-10-26
GB7937167 1979-10-26

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EP0028143A1 EP0028143A1 (de) 1981-05-06
EP0028143B1 true EP0028143B1 (de) 1983-09-21

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EP80303777A Expired EP0028143B1 (de) 1979-10-26 1980-10-24 Verfahren zum Waschen von Textilmaterialien und Waschmittelzusammensetzung dafür

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EP (1) EP0028143B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS5673165A (de)
AT (1) ATE4733T1 (de)
AU (1) AU542092B2 (de)
BR (1) BR8006872A (de)
CA (1) CA1139183A (de)
DE (1) DE3064965D1 (de)
ZA (1) ZA806489B (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108138087A (zh) * 2015-10-28 2018-06-08 艺康美国股份有限公司 使用去污聚合物的方法

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU551482B2 (en) * 1981-01-14 1986-05-01 Unilever Plc Fabric washing process
JPS5915538A (ja) * 1982-07-15 1984-01-26 カネボウ株式会社 高密度織物ならびにその製造方法
US4678954A (en) * 1986-03-05 1987-07-07 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Rotor with permanent magnets having thermal expansion gaps
JPH0812850B2 (ja) * 1987-03-17 1996-02-07 株式会社ニコン 洗浄方法
JP3160238B2 (ja) * 1997-08-04 2001-04-25 岸本産業株式会社 半導体デバイス製造プロセス用および液晶デバイス製造プロセス用洗浄剤

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL178956C (nl) * 1952-06-11 Hartmann Foerdertech Inrichting voor het opgraven en omhoog voeren van stortgoed.
BE575700A (de) * 1958-02-26
JPS51109003A (ja) * 1975-02-20 1976-09-27 Procter & Gamble Saitekisenjoseiomotsuteihosufueetoganryono garasushitsuhosufueetokeisenzaisoseibutsu
US4113544A (en) * 1975-12-20 1978-09-12 Kabushiki Kaisha Sato Kenkyusho Portable label printing and applying machine

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108138087A (zh) * 2015-10-28 2018-06-08 艺康美国股份有限公司 使用去污聚合物的方法
CN108138087B (zh) * 2015-10-28 2021-01-01 艺康美国股份有限公司 使用去污聚合物的方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE4733T1 (de) 1983-10-15
BR8006872A (pt) 1981-04-28
JPS5673165A (en) 1981-06-17
AU6368880A (en) 1981-04-30
EP0028143A1 (de) 1981-05-06
AU542092B2 (en) 1985-02-07
CA1139183A (en) 1983-01-11
DE3064965D1 (en) 1983-10-27
ZA806489B (en) 1982-05-26
JPS6127516B2 (de) 1986-06-25

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