Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
  • C11D17/0047—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets
  • C11D17/006—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets containing mainly surfactants, but no builders, e.g. syndet bar
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/04—Carboxylic acids or salts thereof
  • C11D1/10—Amino carboxylic acids; Imino carboxylic acids; Fatty acid condensates thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D10/00—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group
  • C11D10/04—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap
  • C11D10/042—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap based on anionic surface-active compounds and soap

Definitions

• the present invention is a soap bar which comprises, as a lather booster, from about 0.5 to about 6% of an N-substituted amino acid, or the water-soluble salt thereof, said acid having the formula R 1 R 2 N(CH 2 ) x COOH wherein R 1 is a C 10 -C 20 .
• aliphatic hydrocarbon radical R 2 is hydrogen, -(CH 2 ) x COOH, or a C 1 -C S aliphatic hydrocarbon radical, and x is 1 or 2.
• percentages, ratios and parts are "by weight” and are based on the composition of the finished soap bar unless otherwise specified.
• the soap bars of the present invention comprise, as a lather booster, from about 0.5 to about 6%, preferably from about 1 to about 5%, and most preferably from about 1.5 to about 4%, of an N-substituted amino acid, or the water-soluble salt of such an acid, said acid having the formula R 1 R 2 N(CH 2 ) x COOH wherein R is a C 10 -C 20 aliphatic hydrocarbon radical, preferably a C 10 -C 20 alkyl group and most preferably a coconut alkyl group; R 2 is hydrogen, a -(CH 2 ) x COOH group, or a C 1 -C 5 aliphatic hydrocarbon radical, and is preferably hydrogen; and x is 1 or 2.
• Mixtures of these lather boosters are also useful in the present invention. It is preferred that the substituted amino acids be used in their acid form or in the form of their sodium or potassium salts.
• the lather booster When x is 1, the lather booster is an N-substituted glycine and when x is 2, the lather booster is an N-substituted beta-alanine.
• N - mono-substituted compounds i.e., those in which R 2 is hydrogen
• R 2 is a lower aliphatic hydrocarbon radical, for example, N-methyl-N-dodecyl glycine, or a moiety having the formula -(CH 2 ) x COOH.
• R 2 must not be of such a carbon chain length or configuration as to inhibit the water-solubility or surface activity of the amino acid, a requirement which is usually met by hydrocarbon radicals having no more than about 5 carbon atoms.
• N-monoalkyl beta-alanines i.e., those in which x is 2 and R 2 is hydrogen
• An example of such an alanine salt is obtained by adding methyl acrylate to a mixture of primary amines obtained from the mixture of fatty acids found in coconut or palm kernel oil, and neutralizing the product so obtained with a caustic soda solution.
• Particularly preferred beta-alanines of this type are those in which R 1 is derived from coconut oil.
• N-substituted amino acid type Commercially available compounds of the N-substituted amino acid type include the Amphorams, sold by Societe Pierrefitte-Auby, and the Deriphats, sold by General Mills Chemicals, Inc. These compounds are described in more detail in the commercial bulletin ⁇ 15A, "Deriphats", published in 1972 by General Mills Chemicals, Inc., incorporated herein by reference.
• Such compounds include N-coconut beta-amino propionic acid; N-lauryl, myristyl (C 12 -C 14 ) beta-amino propionic acid; N-tallow beta-iminodipropionic acid; N-lauryl beta-imidodipropionic acid; and the complete and partial sodium, potassium and triethanolamine salts of these acids.
• An alanine salt useful in the present invention, may be prepared in the following manner: 85 kg. of a mixture of primary amines obtained from the mixture of fatty acids found in coconut oil are cooled below 25°C. 36 kg. of methyl acrylate are then added to the mixture of amines at such a rate that the temperature remains below 25°C with the aid of water cooling. After all the methyl acrylate has been added, the reaction mixture is stirred for four hours while keeping its temperature at 25-30°C. 47.5 kg. of this intermediate product are added, with constant stirring, to 77 kg. of a 10% caustic soda solution at a temperature of 50°C. The addition is carried out over a one hour period. The product so obtained is a free-flowing paste which contains approximately 30% of the sodium salt of N-coconut beta-alanine.
• the soap bars of the present invention also contain a soap component.
• This component is generally present in an amount of from about 40% to about 95%, preferably from about 55% to about 85%, of the finished soap product.
• Soaps useful in the present invention include the alkali metal, ammonium and alkanolamine salts of fatty acids containing from about 8 to 24, preferably from 10 to 20, carbon atoms.
• Fatty acids suitable for use herein can be obtained from natural sources, such as plant or animal esters (e.g., palm kernel oil, coconut oil, babassu oil, soybean oil, castor oil, tallow, whale or fish oils, grease, lard and mixtures thereof.
• the fatty acids can also be synthetically prepared (e.g., by the oxidation of petroleum or by the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide by the Fischer-Tropsch process. Resin acids, such as those present in tall oil, may be used. Naphthenic acids are also suitable.
• Sodium and potassium soaps can be made by direct saponification of fats and oils or by the neutralization of free fatty acids which are prepared in a separate manufacturing process.
• Particularly useful in the present invention are the sodium and potassium salts of mixtures of fatty acids derived from coconut oil and tallow, i.e., sodium and potassium tallow and coconut soaps.
• tallow is used herein to define fatty acid mixtures having an approximate carbon chain length distribution of 2.5% C 14 , 29% C16, 23% C 18 , 2% palmitoleic, 41.5% oleic and 3% linoleic acids (the first three fatty acids listed being saturated).
• coconut refers to fatty acid mixtures having an approximate carbon chain length distribution of 8% C 8 , 7% C 10 , 48% C 12 , 17% C 14 , 8% C 16' 2% C 18 , 7% oleic and 2% linoleic acids (the first six fatty acids listed being saturated).
• Other sources having similar carbon chain length distributions, such as palm kernel oil and babassu kernel oil, are included within the term coconut.
• coconut fatty acids generally have a sufficiently low content of unsaturated fatty acids to have satisfactory keeping qualities without further treatment. Generally, however, the fatty acids are hydrogenated to decrease the amount of unsaturation (especially polyunsaturation) in the fatty acid mixture.
• the soap component comprises from about 20% to 80% of a mixture containing soaps having from 8 to 14 carbon atoms and from 20 to 80% of soaps having from about 16 to 20 carbon atoms. Soaps having such preferred chain length distributions can be obtained by using mixtures of tallow and coconut fatty acids in tallow/coconut weight ratios between 90:10 and 50:50, more preferably between about 80:20 and 60:40. Preferred soap bars containing these soap mixtures, as well as their methods of manufacture, are described in U.S. Patent 3,576,749, Megson et al., issued April 27, 1971, U.S. Patent 3,835,058, White, issued September 10, 1974, and U.S. Patent 3,988,255, Seiden, issued October 26, 1976, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
• the soap bars of the present invention inevitably contain some moisture; this is required for the optimum soap bar processing conditions.
• the finished soap bars include from about 4 to about 25%, preferably from about 10 to 23%, by weight, of moisture.
• the soap. bars of the present invention can contain a wide variety of optional materials. These materials include, for example, skin conditioning components, free fatty acids, processing aids, anti-bacterial agents and sanitizers, dyes, perfumes and coloring agents.
• the soap bars of the present invention can optionally contain free fatty acids, in addition to the neutralized fatty acids which form the actual soap component.
• Free fatty acids improve the volume and the quality of the lather formed by the bar. These acids tend to cause the lather to be more stable, containing smaller air bubbles, which give the user a lather which is characterized as "richer" and creamier.
• the free fatty acid component acts as a plasticizer. Without the free fatty acids, some bars have a greater tendency to form wet cracks.
• Free fatty acids useful in the present invention include the same types of fatty acids used to form the soap component. Such fatty acids generally contain from 8 to 22, preferably from 8 to 14, carbon atoms. In preferred soap bars at least about 25% of the free fatty acid component is C 12 fatty acid. If present, free fatty acid generally comprises from about 1 to about 15% by weight of the bar. Use of free fatty acid in soap bars is described in more detail in U.S. Patent 3,576,749, Megson et al., issued April 27., 1971, and U.S. Patent 3,835,058, White, issued September 10, 1974, both of which are incorporated herein by reference.
• Materials to facilitate the preparation of the soap bars can also be present.
• sodium chloride and, preferably, glycerine can be added to the crutcher or amalgamator in order to facilitate processing of the bars.
• Such materials if present, generally comprise from about D.2% to about 10% by weight of the finished soap bar.
• emulsifiers such as polyglycerol esters (e.g. polyglycerol-monostearate), propylene glycol esters and other chemically stable nonionic materials may be added to the bars to help solubilize various components, particu- . larly skin conditioning agents, such as sorbitan esters.
• anti-bacterial agents and sanitizers can be added to the soap bars of the present invention without adversely affecting their lather properties.
• Typical anti-bacterial sanitizers include those described in U.S. Patent 3,256,200, Reller et al., issued June 14, 1966, incorporated herein by reference. If present, anti-bacterial agents and sanitizers generally comprise from about 0.5% to about 4% by weight of the finished soap bar.
• the soap bars of the present invention may also optionally contain various emollients and skin conditioning agents.
• Materials of this type include, for example, sorbitan esters, such as those described in U.S. Patent 3,988,255, Seiden, issued October 26, 1976, incorporated herein by reference, lanolin, cold cream, mineral oil, isopropyl myristate, and similar materials. If present, such emollients and skin conditioning agents generally comprise from about 0.5 to about 5% by weight of the soap bar.
• the soap bars can also contain any of the conventional perfumes, dyes and coloring agents generally utilized in soap bars to improve the characteristics of such products. If present, such perfumes, dyes and coloring agents comprise from about 0.2 to about 5% by weight of the soap bar.
• the soap bars of the present invention may be opaque or transparent and are prepared in any conventional manner.
• moisture-containing base soap of the type described above is admixed with the substituted amino acid, or its salt, and other optional components, such as perfumes, in a crutcher or amalgamator, milled in a conventional manner under conventional conditions and extruded into logs for stamping into soap bars.
• Conventional processes for preparing transparent soap bars can also be utilized.
• the present invention is particularly applicable to transparent soap bars, since the high tallow:coconut ratio soaps (i.e., 90:10 to 60:40) useful in such bars tend to exhibit decreased lather. Manufacturing processes for preparing soap bars of the type claimed herein are described in detail in U.S.
• Soap bars having the compositions described below, were used to test the lathering properties of the bars of the present invention.
• soap bars were also made by adding sodium N-coconut beta-alanine (sodium N-coconut beta-aminopropionate, Deriphat 151, commercially available from General Mills Chemicals) to REFERENCE soap noodles, not containing the free fatty acid component, in the amalgamator at levels so that the final soap bars contained 1.6, 3.2 and 7% of the Deriphat material.
• the noodles were then processed in a roll mill and extruded through a plodder to form soap billets which were stamped to form the soap bars tested.
• the REFERENCE and REFERENCE + 1.6% Deriphat bars tested weighed about 150 grams each, while the REFERENCE + 3.6% Deriphat and REFERENCE + 7% Deriphat bars weighed about 30 grams each.
• the tester thoroughly pre-washed his hands to remove all grease and dirt and then filled a sink with 25° C city water, having a hardness of about 2.2 mmoles/liter'. Each soap bar was then rubbed down for a one minute period under the water. After the one minute soaking period, each bar was revolved in the tester's hands four times under water and three times out of the water. After putting the bar down, the tester then worked-up a lather by rubbing his hands together 10 times. The suds were then gathered in the. palms of the hands and scraped off into a 400 ml. beaker. The procedure was repeated four times per soap bar by at least two testers and the average soap volume for the soap bar was calculated. The volume obtained for each composition was compared to that obtained with a commercially-available 50/50 tallow/coconut soap and is expressed below as a percentage of the volume obtained with the commercially-available 50/50 soap. The results are summarized in the table below.
• a soap' bar of the present invention includes the Deriphat material at a level of about 0.75%, 1.25%, 2%, 2.75%, 3.5%, 4%, 5% or 6%. Similar results are also obtained where the Deriphat material used in the example above is replaced, in whole or in part, by sodium or potassium N-methyl-N-dodecyl glycine, potassium N -coconut beta-aminopropionate, sodium or potassium N-lauryl, myristyl (C 12 -C 14 ) beta-aminopropionate, di-sodium or di-potassium N-tallow beta-iminodipropionate, the partial sodium or potassium salt of N-lauryl beta-iminodipropionic acid, the triethanolamine salt of N-lauryl, myristyl (C 12 -C 14 ) beta-iminopropionic acid, the acid forms of the foregoing compounds, or mixtures thereof.
• compositions described in the table below exemplify various embodiments of the present invention. These soap bars may be manufactured in any of the conventional ways known in the art, particularly those described in the present application. It is to be appreciated that similar compositions may be made by substituting sodium or potassium N-methyl-N-dodecyl glycine, potassium N-coconut beta-aminopropionate, sodium or potassium N-lauryl, myristyl (C 12 -C 14 ) beta-aminopropionate, di-sodium or di-potassium N-tallow beta-iminodipropionate, the partial sodium or potassium-salt of N-lauryl beta-iminodipropionic acid, the triethanolamine salt of N-lauryl, myristyl (C 12 -C 14 ) beta-iminopropionic acid, the acid forms of any of the foregoing compounds, or mixtures of these compounds, in whole or in part, for the sodium N-coconut beta-aminoprop

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• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)

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Citations (6)

• 1980
  • 1980-08-21 EP EP80200784A patent/EP0025242A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 1980-09-01 GR GR62787A patent/GR69952B/el unknown
  • 1980-09-05 AU AU62096/80A patent/AU6209680A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1980-09-05 JP JP12338680A patent/JPS5695999A/ja active Pending

Patent Citations (6)

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