EP0024890A1 - Soupape d'échappement pour un moteur à combustion interne - Google Patents

Soupape d'échappement pour un moteur à combustion interne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0024890A1
EP0024890A1 EP80302900A EP80302900A EP0024890A1 EP 0024890 A1 EP0024890 A1 EP 0024890A1 EP 80302900 A EP80302900 A EP 80302900A EP 80302900 A EP80302900 A EP 80302900A EP 0024890 A1 EP0024890 A1 EP 0024890A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve
annular chamber
valve part
chamber
combustion chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP80302900A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0024890B1 (fr
Inventor
Kai Emil Fursund
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MAN B&W Diesel AS
Original Assignee
MAN B&W Diesel AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MAN B&W Diesel AS filed Critical MAN B&W Diesel AS
Publication of EP0024890A1 publication Critical patent/EP0024890A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0024890B1 publication Critical patent/EP0024890B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/22Valve-seats not provided for in preceding subgroups of this group; Fixing of valve-seats
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/02Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/02Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
    • F01L3/04Coated valve members or valve-seats
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/20Shapes or constructions of valve members, not provided for in preceding subgroups of this group

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an exhaust valve for an internal combustion engine, comprising a stationary valve part and an axially movable valve part, cooperating seating surfaces on said valve parts and an annular chamber formed in at least one of said valve parts and communicating with the combustion chamber of the engine cylinder when the valve is closed.
  • An object of the invention is to obtain a prolonged lifetime of the valve by reducing the rate at which the seating surfaces of the valve gradually deteriorate due to corrosive and erosive attacks by aggressive constituents present in the exhaust gases, in particular sodium and vanadium compounds occurring when the engine is running on heavy fuel oil.
  • US Patent Specification No. 1 873 119 discloses a valve of the kind referred to above in which an annular chamber in the stationary valve part and a chamber centrally located within the movable valve part both communicate with the combustion chamber through bores opening adjacent the edges of the seating surfaces oriented towards the combustion chamber.
  • said two chambers within the valve parts communicate with a source of pressurized air and when the exhaust valve opens, the outflowing exhaust gases entrain, by ejector action, the relatively cool air from the chambers, which air thus effects a certain cooling of the seating surfaces during the exhaust period.
  • An exhaust valve according to the present invention differs from the valve known from US Patent Specification No. 1--873 119 by the feature that the annular chamber is formed as a recess in a surface of one or both valve parts, which recess is open towards the opposed surface of the other valve part along its entire circumference.
  • annular chamber With this construction and location of the annular chamber it constitutes a reservoir in the flow path from the combustion chamber to the seating surfaces of the valve parts, and when during the compression stroke the annular chamber has been filled by pure and relatively cool air, either from the engine cylinder or from a connected external source of pressurized air, that amount of air will after ignition of the fuel and until the exhaust valve opens function as a barrier between the hot combustion gases and the seating surfaces.
  • the combustion gases cannot, as in the previously known valves, flow directly out through leaks formed by local gaps between the seating surfaces. Instead it will be only the reservoir air or, at most, a mixture of that air with a relatively small percentage of combustion gases which penetrates through the leaks.
  • the invention is based on the recognition that the above mentioned attacks,by the aggressive constituents present in the combustion gases, on the seating surfaces occur predominantly during the period in which the valve is closed without, however, providing a perfect seal due to said local leaks which occur sooner or later, e.g. because deposits previously formed on the seating surfaces by corrosion peel off or because particles of slag, cinder or coke squeezed between the surfaces when the valve closes, have left small indentations in the surfaces.
  • Measurements of the surface temperature of the stationary valve part have shown that around such a local leak there can occur a temperature rise of approximately 200°C immediately after top dead centre and an increase of the mean temperature amounting to approximately 100°C.
  • the corrosion rate can double at a temperature rise of approximately 70°C, it will be understood that the invention materially extends the time which a small local leak needs to grow into a regular burn-through of such size that it becomes necessary to refurbish the seating surfaces by regrinding them. The result is therefore, as mentioned above, that the lifetime of the valve is prolonged.
  • the critical period of each working cycle during which the temperature and the pressure in the combustion chamber are at so high values that combustion gases leaking out therefrom can cause perceptible attacks on the seating surfaces, is rather short and ends approximately 20° after top dead centre, both with two stroke and four stroke engines.
  • the desired effect of the invention can, therefore, be obtained with an annular chamber of relatively small volume which does not necessitate any inconvenient increase of the dimensions of the valve parts or of the so-called dead space of the engine cylinder.
  • the chamber volume can be chosen somewhat larger than the volume of gas which during said period can flow through a gap having a cross-section of about 0.2 by 3 mm, e.g. 2 to 3 times that gas volume.
  • the annular chamber In order to obtain the desired barrier action of the air within the annular chamber combined with a minimum mixing of that air with combustion gases flowing into the chamber from the combustion chamber it is advantageous to shape the annular chamber such that the width of an axial cross-section therethrough has a maximum value at the surface of the valve part in which the recess is formed.
  • the opposed surface of the other valve part With this feature the gases flowing from the combustion chamber are slowed down and deflected by the step between said surface portions whereby the gases loose a material part of their kinetic energy. Consequently, the pure and relatively cool air from the annular chamber is pushed through the local leaks, if any, between the seating surfaces by the combustion gases solely due to the static pressure drop from the combustion chamber to the downstream side of the valve.
  • a further advantage of the embodiment is that at the moment when the opening of the valve starts, the flow of combustion gases from the cylinder is similarly deflected into the annular chamber, thus contributing to keep the walls of that chamber free of undesired accumulation of deposits during operation of the engine.
  • the annular chamber is formed in the stationary valve part and defined by a cylindrical or substantially cylindrical first surface coaxial with the movable valve part and a second surface extending perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the first surface.
  • the manufacture of the valve is simplified and there is less risk of high local temperatures of the material surrounding the annular chamber.
  • a coolaht duct as known per se, in the stationary valve part it is possible to further reduce the wall temperatures of the annular chamber and thus obtain a correspondingly lower temperature of the gas accumulated within the annular chamber thereby increasing the advantageous influence of that chamber on the lifetime of the seating surfaces.
  • the surface of the movable valve part, which faces the annular chamber, may be substantially conical with a rounded outer edge which, together with said first surface of the stationary valve part, defines, in the closed position of the valve, an annular gap, the cross-section of which, as seen from the combustion chamber towards the annular chamber, is first convergent and then divergent.
  • an exhaust valve for a two-stroke diesel engine comprises a stationary valve part (or bottom piece) 1 which together with a valve housing 2 is releasably secured (in a manner not shown in detail) to the cylinder cover 3 of an engine cylinder.
  • the movable part 4 of the exhaust valve is generally formed as a conventional poppet valve which contacts bottom piece 1 on a conical surface.
  • the seating surfaces proper of the two valve parts which are designated by 5 and 6, respectively, are formed on two coatings or inserts 7 and 8 of a suitable material, such as stellite or hard metal, see Fig. 2.
  • annular chamber 9 located between the combustion chamber 10 of the engine cylinder and the seating surface 6 of valve part 4.
  • the axial cross-section of chamber 9, i.e. a section located in a plane through the valve axis, is trapezoid with two substantially parallel sides 11 and 12 extending by and large perpendicular to the seating surface 6 and the opposed surface 13 of valve part 1.
  • a circumferential fillet 14 located somewhat inwardly of the radially outer surface of chamber 9, the generatrix of which is the side 12, surface 13 merges, towards combustion chamber 10, into a surface 15 which is retracted so far from valve part 4 that with closed valve, as shown in Fig. 2, there is formed at this place a circumferential gap of relatively narrow gap width, so as about 0.2 mm.
  • the configuration, as shown and described, of the step or transition between the two surface portions 13 and 15 as a fillet 14, the concavity of which is oriented towards the inflow gap from combustion chamber 10, contributes to limiting undesired mixing of the pure and relatively cool air within annular chamber 9 and the inflowing hot combustion gases.
  • the stationary valve part or bottom piece is designated by 21, the valve housing by 22 and the cylinder cover by 23.
  • the movable valve part here designated by 24, is designed as a poppet valve having a conical contact surface against bottom piece 21.
  • the seating surfaces 25 and 26 between the two valve parts are formed on inserts 27 and 28 in the respective valve parts.
  • annular chamber 29 which is characteristic of the invention, is formed solely in the stationary part of the valve and defined between a cylindrical surface 30 of the cylinder cover 23, a flat annular end face 31 of bottom piece 21 and a conical surface 32 of poppet valve 24.
  • annular chamber 29 communicates with the combustion chamber 33 of the engine cylinder through a narrow annular gap 34 defined between the surface of cylinder cover 23 and the rounded transition between the above mentioned surface 32 of poppet valve 24 and the surface 35 of the poppet valve which is oriented towards the combustion chamber 33.
  • an internal coolant duct 36 is provided in the bottom piece, as known per se.
  • annular chamber 29 The function of annular chamber 29 is generally the same as described above in connection with the description of annular chamber 9, and the radial width of gap 34 can be made approximately the same as the width of the corresponding inflow gap leading to annular chamber 9.
  • annular chamber is formed solely in the movable or the stationary valve part, it will be understood that alternatively it could be composed of two opposed recesses, one provided in each valve part.
  • an external source of pressurized air which through a non-return valve supplies cool air at a suitable pressure to the annular chamber.
  • Said pressure should not be lower than the compression pressure within the engine cylinder, and it may be of substantially the same magnitude as the maximum pressure occurring in the cylinder. Since the necessary consumption of air is relatively small, the air can be supplied by a correspondingly relatively small compressor.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Lift Valve (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
EP80302900A 1979-08-29 1980-08-21 Soupape d'échappement pour un moteur à combustion interne Expired EP0024890B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK3612/79 1979-08-29
DK361279A DK144217C (da) 1979-08-29 1979-08-29 Udstoedsventil til en forbraendingsmotor

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0024890A1 true EP0024890A1 (fr) 1981-03-11
EP0024890B1 EP0024890B1 (fr) 1984-03-14

Family

ID=8124866

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80302900A Expired EP0024890B1 (fr) 1979-08-29 1980-08-21 Soupape d'échappement pour un moteur à combustion interne

Country Status (11)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0024890B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5634915A (fr)
BR (1) BR8005413A (fr)
DE (1) DE3066986D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK144217C (fr)
ES (1) ES494569A0 (fr)
FI (1) FI67252C (fr)
IE (1) IE50116B1 (fr)
NO (1) NO154807C (fr)
PL (1) PL124723B1 (fr)
YU (1) YU41940B (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4301632A1 (de) * 1993-01-22 1994-07-28 Audi Ag Ventilsitzring
DE19754138A1 (de) * 1997-12-05 1999-06-10 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Hubventil einer Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere Einlaß-Hubventil
WO2002006640A1 (fr) * 2000-07-18 2002-01-24 Man B & W Diesel A/S Dispositif de soupape de commutation des gaz et conception de siege de soupape avec rainure annulaire
EP2287450A1 (fr) * 2009-08-07 2011-02-23 Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha Soupape d'admission, moteur à combustion interne et appareil de transport l'incorporant
NO20140690A1 (no) * 2014-06-03 2015-12-04 Bergen Engines As Innløpsventil for en motor
WO2020185337A1 (fr) * 2019-03-13 2020-09-17 Caterpillar Inc. Insert de siège de soupape pour tête de moteur dotée de couronnes d'écoulement venturi et d'une surface de siège profilée pour limiter le renfoncement de soupape
EP3450707B1 (fr) 2017-08-30 2020-09-30 MAN Truck & Bus SE Soupape de moteur à combustion interne

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6024802U (ja) * 1983-07-27 1985-02-20 日野自動車株式会社 直噴式デイ−ゼル機関の吸気弁
DE3331145C2 (de) * 1983-08-30 1986-08-28 Audi AG, 8070 Ingolstadt Leichtmetall-Zylinderkopf für Hubkolben-Brennkraftmaschinen
DE3425690A1 (de) * 1984-07-12 1986-01-23 Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln Ventilkoerper fuer eine brennkraftmaschine
JPH0578905U (ja) * 1992-03-31 1993-10-26 愛知機械工業株式会社 内燃機関のバルブ
CN105041398A (zh) * 2015-06-29 2015-11-11 唐萍 发动机气门顶杆

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB108436A (en) * 1917-03-24 1917-08-09 James Mckechnie Improvements in or relating to the Air or Scavenging Valves of Internal Combustion Engines.
US1560235A (en) * 1925-01-05 1925-11-03 Hinsch Albert Otto Valve
US1873119A (en) * 1927-07-20 1932-08-23 Doherty Res Co Air cooled valve and valve seat
GB532571A (en) * 1939-09-08 1941-01-27 Herbert Frank Percy Purday Improvements relating to the inlet valves of internal combustion engines
DE744250C (de) * 1939-08-02 1944-11-17 Daimler Benz Ag Einrichtung zur Vermeidung von Beschaedigungen der Auslassventile durch Auspuffgase in Hochleistungsbrennkraftmaschinen
FR1481241A (fr) * 1966-04-07 1967-05-19 Semt Procédé et dispositif de refroidissement forcé d'une soupape de machine thermique ou analogue et leurs diverses applications
GB1215972A (en) * 1967-05-25 1970-12-16 Semt Improvements in or relating to poppet valves
US3820522A (en) * 1970-01-23 1974-06-28 Daimler Benz Ag Valve seat for the inlet valve in the cylinder head of a four cycle internal combustion engine
US4106466A (en) * 1976-08-16 1978-08-15 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Engine valve with recessed seat and annular groove

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS53104021A (en) * 1977-02-24 1978-09-09 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Exhaust valve device in internal combustion engine

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB108436A (en) * 1917-03-24 1917-08-09 James Mckechnie Improvements in or relating to the Air or Scavenging Valves of Internal Combustion Engines.
US1560235A (en) * 1925-01-05 1925-11-03 Hinsch Albert Otto Valve
US1873119A (en) * 1927-07-20 1932-08-23 Doherty Res Co Air cooled valve and valve seat
DE744250C (de) * 1939-08-02 1944-11-17 Daimler Benz Ag Einrichtung zur Vermeidung von Beschaedigungen der Auslassventile durch Auspuffgase in Hochleistungsbrennkraftmaschinen
GB532571A (en) * 1939-09-08 1941-01-27 Herbert Frank Percy Purday Improvements relating to the inlet valves of internal combustion engines
FR1481241A (fr) * 1966-04-07 1967-05-19 Semt Procédé et dispositif de refroidissement forcé d'une soupape de machine thermique ou analogue et leurs diverses applications
GB1215972A (en) * 1967-05-25 1970-12-16 Semt Improvements in or relating to poppet valves
US3820522A (en) * 1970-01-23 1974-06-28 Daimler Benz Ag Valve seat for the inlet valve in the cylinder head of a four cycle internal combustion engine
US4106466A (en) * 1976-08-16 1978-08-15 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Engine valve with recessed seat and annular groove

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4301632A1 (de) * 1993-01-22 1994-07-28 Audi Ag Ventilsitzring
DE4301632C2 (de) * 1993-01-22 2001-08-02 Audi Ag Ventilsitzring
DE19754138A1 (de) * 1997-12-05 1999-06-10 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Hubventil einer Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere Einlaß-Hubventil
DE19754138B4 (de) * 1997-12-05 2008-04-03 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Hubventil einer Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere Einlaß-Hubventil
WO2002006640A1 (fr) * 2000-07-18 2002-01-24 Man B & W Diesel A/S Dispositif de soupape de commutation des gaz et conception de siege de soupape avec rainure annulaire
CN100410501C (zh) * 2000-07-18 2008-08-13 曼B与W狄赛尔公司 换气阀装置
EP2287450A1 (fr) * 2009-08-07 2011-02-23 Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha Soupape d'admission, moteur à combustion interne et appareil de transport l'incorporant
US8245682B2 (en) 2009-08-07 2012-08-21 Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha Inlet valve, internal combustion engine and transportation apparatus including the same
NO20140690A1 (no) * 2014-06-03 2015-12-04 Bergen Engines As Innløpsventil for en motor
EP3450707B1 (fr) 2017-08-30 2020-09-30 MAN Truck & Bus SE Soupape de moteur à combustion interne
EP3450707B2 (fr) 2017-08-30 2023-08-16 MAN Truck & Bus SE Soupape de moteur à combustion interne
WO2020185337A1 (fr) * 2019-03-13 2020-09-17 Caterpillar Inc. Insert de siège de soupape pour tête de moteur dotée de couronnes d'écoulement venturi et d'une surface de siège profilée pour limiter le renfoncement de soupape
US11060425B2 (en) 2019-03-13 2021-07-13 Caterpillar Inc. Valve seat insert for engine head having venturi flow crowns and seating surface profiled for limiting valve recession
CN113557351A (zh) * 2019-03-13 2021-10-26 卡特彼勒公司 用于发动机缸盖的具有文丘里流动冠部和构形用于限制阀凹陷的座面的阀座插件
CN113557351B (zh) * 2019-03-13 2024-03-05 卡特彼勒公司 用于发动机缸盖的具有文丘里流动冠部和构形用于限制阀凹陷的座面的阀座插件

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO154807B (no) 1986-09-15
ES8105441A1 (es) 1981-06-01
ES494569A0 (es) 1981-06-01
DK361279A (da) 1981-03-01
PL226485A1 (fr) 1981-05-22
IE801810L (en) 1981-02-28
YU213080A (en) 1983-01-21
NO154807C (no) 1986-12-29
JPS6336403B2 (fr) 1988-07-20
BR8005413A (pt) 1981-03-10
PL124723B1 (en) 1983-02-28
IE50116B1 (en) 1986-02-19
DK144217C (da) 1982-06-21
EP0024890B1 (fr) 1984-03-14
NO802533L (no) 1981-03-02
DK144217B (da) 1982-01-18
FI67252C (fi) 1985-02-11
DE3066986D1 (en) 1984-04-19
YU41940B (en) 1988-02-29
JPS5634915A (en) 1981-04-07
FI67252B (fi) 1984-10-31
FI802721A (fi) 1981-03-01

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