Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/08—Processes
  • C08G18/16—Catalysts
  • C08G18/18—Catalysts containing secondary or tertiary amines or salts thereof
  • C08G18/1833—Catalysts containing secondary or tertiary amines or salts thereof having ether, acetal, or orthoester groups

Definitions

• the present invention relates to new, tert. Orthocarboxylic acid esters containing amino groups, which are advantageously suitable as catalysts in the production of polyurethanes, preferably for the production of polyurethane foams with improved mechanical properties.
• bis (dialkylaminoalkyl) ethers are often used to accelerate the blowing reaction, as are described in US Pat. No. 3,330,782, DE-AS 1 030 558 and DE-OS 1 804 361.
• Decisive for the catalytic action of these compounds is obviously the combination of ether oxygen atom and tertiary nitrogen atom, which are in the ⁇ or ⁇ position to one another.
• the reaction between the orthocarboxylic acid ester and the amino alcohol used is carried out at least in a molar ratio of 1: 3, and that a Lewis acid, in particular anhydrous zinc or tin (II) chloride, is used, preferably at most 10% by weight. -% Lewis acid, related on the orthocarboxylic acid ester used and that the alcohol formed during the reaction is continuously distilled off.
• a Lewis acid in particular anhydrous zinc or tin (II) chloride
• the orthocarboxylic acid ester used is trimethyl orthoformate and / or triethyl orthoformate or trimethyl orthoacetate and / or triethyl orthoacetate and the amino alcohol N, N-dimethylaminoethanol.
• Amino alcohols suitable for the transesterification are e.g. 4-dimethylaminobutanol-1,3-dimethylaminopropanol-1,3-diethylaminopropanol-1, 2-diethylaminoethanol-1 and in particular 2-dimethylaminoethanol.
• Orthocarboxylic acid esters suitable for the transesterification as starting components for the preparation of the new compounds (I) are e.g. Trimethyl orthoformate, trimethyl or triethyl orthoacetate, trimethyl ortho propionate, trimethyl orthophenylacetate, trimethyl orthocyclopentanecarboxylate, trimethyl orthocyclohexanecarboxylate, especially triethyl ortho stearic acid, triethyl ortho stearate.
• the inventive, tert. Orthocarboxylic acid esters containing amino groups are also preparatively accessible in other ways, e.g. by alcoholysis of triethyl orthoformate with ß-chloroethanol and subsequent reaction of the tris (ß-chloroethyl) orthoformate with aqueous dimethylamine solution, or by reaction of benzotrichloride with the sodium alcoholate of dimethylaminoethanol, which leads directly to the corresponding orthobenzoic acid ester.
• the first-mentioned production method is preferred.
• the compounds according to the invention are easily accessible industrially.
• the polyurethane foams produced with their help have an improved compression set and thus have improved long-term use properties.
• Compounds are generally used as catalysts in amounts of 0.01-5% by weight, preferably 0.1-1% by weight, based on the reaction mixture of polyisocyanates, reactive compounds and optionally blowing agents and / or other additives.
• Examples of the compounds according to the invention are tris- (dimethylaminoethyl) orthoformate, tris- (dimethylaminoethyl) orthoacetate, tris- (dimethylaminoethyl) orthopropionate, tris- (dimethylaminoethyl) orthobenzoate, tris- (diethylaminoethyl) 6-rthobenzoate, tris- (dimethylaminopropyl) orthoformate, tris (dimethylaminopropyl) orthoacetate, tris (diethylaminoethyl) orthoformate, tris (diethylaminoethyl) orthoacetate.
• the tris (dimethylaminoethyl) orthoformate and the tris (dimethylaminoethyl) orthoacetate are preferred.
• triphenylmethane-4,4 ', 4 "-triisocyanate polyphenyl-polymethylene-polyisocyanates, as obtained by aniline-formaldehyde condensation and subsequent phosgenation and described, for example, in British Patents 874 430 and 848 671 are, m- and p-isocyanatophenylsulfonyl isocyanates according to US Pat. No. 3,454,606, perchlorinated aryl polyisocyanates, such as are described, for example, in DE Patent Application No. 1,157,601 (US Pat. No.
• polyisocyanates containing carbodiimide groups such as these in DE patent specification 1 092 007 (US Pat. No. 3 152 162) and in DE patent publications 2 504 400, 2 537 685 and 2 552 350, norbornane diisocyanates according to US Pat. No. 3,492,330, polyisocyanates containing allophanate groups polyisocyanates containing isocyanurate groups, such as are described, for example, in GB patent specification 994 890, BE patent specification 761 626 and NL patent application 7 102 524 for example in US Pat. No.
• distillation residues obtained in the industrial production of isocyanate and containing isocyanate groups optionally dissolved in one or more of the aforementioned polyisocyanates. It is also possible to use any mixtures of the aforementioned polyisocyanates.
• polyisocyanates e.g. 2,4- and 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate as well as any mixtures of these isomers (“TDI”), polyphenyl-polymethylene polyisocyanates, such as those produced by aniline-formaldehyde condensation and subsequent phosgenation (“crude MDI”) and carbodiimide groups
• TDI polyphenyl-polymethylene polyisocyanates
• CADI aniline-formaldehyde condensation and subsequent phosgenation
• carbodiimide groups Polyisocyanates ("modified polyisocyanates") containing urethane groups, allophanate groups, isocyanurate groups, urea groups or biuret groups, in particular those modified polyisocyanates derived from 2,4- and / or 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate or from 4,4'- and / or 2nd Derive 4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate.
• compounds having at least two hydrogen atoms which are reactive toward isocyanates and have a molecular weight of generally from 40 ° C. to 10,000 include compounds containing amino groups, thiol groups or carboxyl groups, preferably compounds containing hydroxyl groups, in particular compounds having two to eight hydroxyl groups , especially those with a molecular weight of 400 to 10,000, preferably 1000 to 6000, e.g. B.
• the hydroxyl-containing polyesters in question are e.g. Reaction products of polyhydric, preferably dihydric and optionally additionally trihydric alcohols with polyhydric, preferably dihydric, carboxylic acids.
• polyhydric preferably dihydric and optionally additionally trihydric alcohols
• polyhydric preferably dihydric, carboxylic acids.
• the corresponding polycarboxylic acid anhydrides or corresponding polycarboxylic acid esters of lower alcohols or mixtures thereof can also be used to prepare the polyesters.
• the polycarboxylic acids can be aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic and / or heterocyclic in nature and optionally, e.g. by halogen atoms, substituted and / or unsaturated.
• polyethers which are suitable according to the invention and which have at least two, generally two to eight, preferably two to three, hydroxyl groups are also of the type known per se and are obtained, for example, by polymerizing epoxides such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran, Styrene oxide or epichlorohydrin with itself, for example in the presence of Lewis catalysts such as BF 3 , or by addition of these epoxides, preferably of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, optionally in a mixture or in succession, to starting components with reactive hydrogen atoms such as water, alcohols, ammonia or amines, e.g.
• Sucrose polyethers such as are described, for example, in DE-A-1 176 358 and 1 064 938, and polyethers started on formite or formose (German Offenlegungsschriften 2,639,083 and 2,737,951) are also suitable according to the invention. In many cases, those polyethers are preferred which predominantly (up to 90% by weight, based on all the OH groups present in the polyether) have primary OH groups. Polybutadienes containing OH groups are also suitable according to the invention.
• polythioethers are, in particular, the condensation products of thiodiglycol with itself and / or with other glycols, dicarboxylic acids, Formaldehyde, amino carboxylic acids or amino alcohols listed.
• the products are, for example, polythio ether, polythio ether ester or polythio ether ester amide. 4th
• polyacetals include the compounds which can be prepared from glycols, such as diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 4,4'-dioxethoxydiphenyldimethylmethane, hexanediol and formaldehyde, are suitable. Also by polymerizing cyclic acetals such as Trioxane (German Offenlegungsschrift 1 694 128) can be used to produce polyacetals suitable according to the invention.
• Suitable polycarbonates containing hydroxyl groups are those of the type known per se, which e.g. by reacting diols such as propanediol (1,3), butanediol (1,4) and / or hexanediol (1,6), diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol or thiodiglycol with diaryl carbonates, e.g. Diphenyl carbonate, or phosgene can be produced (DE-Auslegeschrift 1 694 080, 1 915 908 and 2 221 751; DE-Offenlegungsschrift 2 605 024).
• the polyester amides and polyamides include e.g. the predominantly linear condensates obtained from polyvalent saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acids or their anhydrides and polyvalent saturated or unsaturated amino alcohols, diamines, polyamines and mixtures thereof.
• polyhydroxyl compounds already containing urethane or urea groups and optionally modified natural polyols such as castor oil or carbohydrates, e.g. Starch are usable.
• Addition products of alkylene oxides on phenol-formaldehyde resins or also on urea-formaldehyde resins can also be used according to the invention.
• polyhydroxyl compounds mentioned can be modified in a wide variety of ways before they are used in the polyisocyanate polyaddition process: for example, according to German Offenlegungsschriften 2,210,839 (US Pat. No. 3,849,515) and 2,544,195, a mixture of different polyhydroxyl compounds (e.g. from a polyether and a polyester polyol) by etherification in the presence of a strong acid to a higher molecular weight polyol, which is composed of various segments connected by ether bridges.
• polyhydroxyl compounds in which high molecular weight polyadducts or polycondensates or polymers are present in finely dispersed or dissolved form.
• Such polyhydroxyl compounds are obtained, for example, when polyaddition reactions (for example reactions between polyisocyanates and amino functional compounds) or polycondensation reactions (for example between formaldehyde and phenols and / or amines) can take place in situ in the above-mentioned compounds containing hydroxyl groups.
• polyhydroxyl compounds modified by vinyl polymers such as those obtained by polymerizing styrene and acrylonitrile in the presence of polyethers (US Pat. Nos. 3,383,351, 3,304,273, 3,523,093, 3,110,695; DE-Ausleschrift 1 152 536) or polycarbonate polyols (DE Patent No. 1,769,795; US Pat. No. 3,637,909) are suitable for the process according to the invention.
• compounds having at least two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms and a molecular weight of 32 to 400 are understood to mean compounds containing hydroxyl groups and / or amino groups and / or thiol groups and / or carboxyl groups, preferably compounds containing hydroxyl groups and / or amino groups which serve as chain extenders or crosslinking agents.
• These compounds generally have 2 to 8, preferably 2 to 4, hydrogen atoms which are reactive toward isocyanates.
• mixtures of different compounds with at least two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms with a molecular weight of 32 to 400 can be used.
• mixtures of hydroxyaldehydes and hydroxyketones (“formose”) or the polyhydric alcohols (“formite) obtained therefrom by reduction are also suitable as low molecular weight polyols qualified compounds as co-catalysts arise (DE-Offenlegungsschriften 2 639 084, 2 714 084, 2 714 104, 2 721 186, 2 738 154 and 2 738 512).
• Aliphatic diamines suitable according to the invention are, for example, ethylenediamine, 1,4-tetramethylene diamine, 1,11-undecamethylene diamine, 1,12-dodecamethylene diamine and mixtures thereof, 1-amino-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-amino-methylcyclohexane ("isophorone diamine” ), 2,4- and 2,6-hexahydrotoluenediamine and their mixtures, perhydro-2,4'- and 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, p-xylylenediamine, bis- (3-aminopropvl) methvlamine, diamino-perhydroanthra zene (German Offenlegungsschrift 2,638,731) and cycloaliphatic.
• Triamines according to German Offenlegungsschrift 2,614,244. Hydrazine and substituted hydrazines, for example methylhydrazine, N, N'-dimethylhydrazine and their homologues and acid dihydrazides, are also possible according to the invention, for example carbodihydrazide, oxalic acid dihydrazide, the dihydrazides of malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipate, adipate ß-methyladipic acid, sebacic acid, hydracrylic acid and terephthalic acid; Semicarbazido-alkylene hydrazides such as, for example, ⁇ -semicarbazidopropionic acid hydrazide ( DE Offenlegungsschrift 1 770 591), semicarbazido-alkylenecarbazine esters such as 2-Semicarbazidoäthyl-carbazinester (DE-Offenleguhgsschrift 1 918 50
• aromatic diamines are bisanthranilic acid esters according to DE-Offenlegungsschriften 2,040,644 and 2,160,590, 3,5- and 2,4-diaminobenzoic acid esters according to DE-Offenlegungsschrift 2,025,900, which are described in DE-Offenlegungsschriften 1,803,635 (US Patents 3,681,290 and 3,736,350), 2,040,650 and 2,160,589 described diamines containing ester groups, the diamines containing ether groups according to DE Offenlegungsschriften 1,770,525 and 1,809,172 (US Pat. Nos.
• compounds such as 1-mercapto-3-aminopropane, optionally substituted amino acids, for example glycine, alanine, valine, serine and lysine, and optionally substituted dicarboxylic acids, for example succinic acid, adipic acid, phthalic acid, 4-hydroxyphthalic acid and 4-amine Q phthalic acid, can also be used as chain extenders be used.
• amino acids for example glycine, alanine, valine, serine and lysine
• dicarboxylic acids for example succinic acid, adipic acid, phthalic acid, 4-hydroxyphthalic acid and 4-amine Q phthalic acid
• monofunctional compounds in proportions of 0.01 to 10% by weight, based on polyurethane solids, can also be used as so-called chain terminators.
• Such monofunctional compounds are e.g. Monoamines such as butylamine and dibutylamine, octylamine, stearylamine, N-methylstearylamine, pyrrolidine, piperidine and cyclohexylamine, monoalcohols such as butanol, 2-ethylhexanol, octanol, dodecanol, the various amyl alcohols, cyclohexanol, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether.
• Monoamines such as butylamine and dibutylamine, octylamine, stearylamine, N-methylstearylamine, pyrrolidine, piperidine and cyclohexylamine
• monoalcohols such as butanol, 2-ethylhexanol, o
• polyols which contain sulfonate and / or phosphonate groups (German Offenlegungsschrift No. 2,719,372), preferably the adduct of bisulfite with 1,4-butanediol or its alkoxylation products.
• Tertiary amines which have active hydrogen atoms with respect to isocyanate groups are, for example,
• Triethanolamine triisopropanolamine, N-methyl-diethanolamine, N-ethyl-diethanolamine, N, N-dimethyl-ethanolamine, their reaction products with alkylene oxides such as propylene oxide and / or ethylene oxide and secondary tertiary Amines according to DE Offenlegungsschrift 2,732,292.
• Silaamines with carbon-silicon bonds such as those e.g. in DE Patent 1,229,290 (corresponding to U.S. Patent 3,620,984) in question, e.g. 2,2,4-trimethyl-2-silamorpholine and 1,3-diethylaminomethyl-tetramethyl-disiloxane.
• Suitable catalysts are also nitrogen-containing bases such as tetraalkylammonium hydroxides, alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, alkali phenolates such as sodium phenolate or alkali metal alcoholates such as sodium methylate. Hexahydrotriazines can also be used as catalysts (DE-Offenlegungsschrift 1 769 043).
• organic metal compounds in particular organic tin compounds
• organic tin compounds can be used as catalysts.
• sulfur-containing compounds such as D -octyl-tin-mercaptide (DE-Auslegeschrift 1,769,367; US Pat. No.
• organic tin compounds which are preferably tin (II) salts of carboxylic acids such as tin (II) acetate, tin ( II) octoate, tin (II) ethylhexoate and tin (II) laurate and the tin (IV) compounds, for example dibutyltin oxide, dibutyltin dichloride, dibutyltin diacetate, dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin maleate or dioctyltin diacetate.
• tin (II) salts of carboxylic acids such as tin (II) acetate, tin ( II) octoate, tin (II) ethylhexoate and tin (II) laurate
• tin (IV) compounds for example dibutyltin oxide, dibutyltin dichloride, dibutyltin diacetate
• These catalysts are generally used in an amount of between approximately 0.001 and 10% by weight, based on the total amount of compounds having at least two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms.
• emulsifiers are e.g. the sodium salts of castor oil sulfonates or salts of fatty acids with amines such as oleic acid diethylamine or stearic acid diethanolamine.
• Alkali or ammonium salts of sulfonic acids such as dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid or dinaphthylmethane disulfonic acid or of fatty acids such as ricinoleic acid or of polymeric fatty acids can also be used as surface-active additives.
• Polyether siloxanes are particularly suitable as foam stabilizers. These compounds are generally designed so that a copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide is linked to a polydimethylsiloxane residue.
• foam stabilizers are e.g. in U.S. Patents 2,834,748, 2,917,480, and 3,629,308.
• polysiloxane-polyoxyalkylene copolymers which are branched via allophanate groups in accordance with German Offenlegungsschrift 2,558,523.
• reaction retarders for example acidic substances such as hydrochloric acid or organic acid halides, further cell regulators of the type known per se, such as paraffins or fatty alcohols or dimethylpolysiloxanes, and pigments or dyes and flame retardants of the type known per se, for example tris-chloroethylphosphate, Tricresyl phosphate or ammonium phosphate and polyphosphate, also stabilizers against the effects of aging and weathering, plasticizers and fungistatic and bacteriostatic substances and fillers such as barium sulfate, diatomaceous earth, soot or sludge chalk .
• surface-active additives and foam stabilizers to be used according to the invention as well as cell regulators, reaction retarders, stabilizers, flame-retardant substances, plasticizers, dyes and fillers, as well as fungistatic and bacteriostatic substances, and details on the use and action of these additives are given in the Plastics Manual, Volume VII by Vieweg and Höchtlen, Carl-Hanser-Verlag, Kunststoff 1966, e.g. described on pages 103 to 113.
• foaming can also be carried out in closed molds according to the invention.
• the reaction mixture is introduced into a mold.
• Metal e.g. Aluminum, or artificial stott, e.g. Epoxy resin, intrage.
• the foamable reaction mixture foams in the mold and forms the shaped body.
• the foam molding can be carried out in such a way that the molded part has a cell structure on its surface, but it can also be carried out in such a way that the molded part has a compact skin and a cellular core. According to the invention, one can proceed in this connection in such a way that so much foamable reaction mixture is introduced into the mold that the foam formed just fills the mold.
• cold-curing foams can also be produced (cf. GB patent specification 1 162 517, DE patent publication 2 153 086).
• foams can also be produced by block foaming or by the double conveyor belt process known per se.
• the main fraction consisted of 95% of the tris - (- dimethylaminoethyl -) - ester.
• Example 1 0.15 part by weight of the orthoester prepared in Example 1 was used as the amine activator.
• the above approach was foamed with 0.15 part by weight of a known amine activator (a mixture of 5 parts by weight of silamorpholine and 95 parts by weight of a commercially available tertiary amine). Both foams were open-celled and trouble-free. Rise and setting times and the physical properties of the foams obtained are summarized in the following table.
• Example 6 0.22 part by weight of the orthoester prepared in Example 1 was used as the amine activator. As a comparison, the above approach was foamed with 0.22 part by weight of the known amine activator already used in Example 6.
• Example 1 0.45 part by weight of the orthoester prepared in Example 1 was used as a further activator. As a comparison, the above approach was foamed with 0.45 part by weight of diazabicyclooctane (33% in dipropylene glycol). Beise foams were open-celled and trouble-free.
• Example 1 0.1 part by weight of the orthoester prepared in Example 1 was used as a further amine activator. As a comparison, the above approach was foamed with 0.1 part by weight of diazabicyclooctane (33% in dipropylene glycol).

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
• Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Oxygen Or Sulfur (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
• Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)

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• 1979
  • 1979-06-06 DE DE19792922967 patent/DE2922967A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1980
  • 1980-05-27 EP EP80102946A patent/EP0021079A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 1980-06-04 JP JP7445280A patent/JPS55164659A/ja active Pending
  • 1980-06-04 ES ES492146A patent/ES492146A0/es active Granted

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