EP0018352B1 - Dispositif ou machine électrique - Google Patents

Dispositif ou machine électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0018352B1
EP0018352B1 EP80890040A EP80890040A EP0018352B1 EP 0018352 B1 EP0018352 B1 EP 0018352B1 EP 80890040 A EP80890040 A EP 80890040A EP 80890040 A EP80890040 A EP 80890040A EP 0018352 B1 EP0018352 B1 EP 0018352B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electromagnet
permanent magnet
machine
magnet
magnetic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80890040A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0018352A1 (fr
Inventor
J. Milton Dr. Prof. Bailey
Igor Dr. Prof. Alexeff
H. Werner Dr. Kreidl
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Motor Magnetics Inc
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Motor Magnetics Inc
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Priority to AT80890040T priority Critical patent/ATE8825T1/de
Publication of EP0018352A1 publication Critical patent/EP0018352A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0018352B1 publication Critical patent/EP0018352B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/20—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets without armatures
    • H01F7/206—Electromagnets for lifting, handling or transporting of magnetic pieces or material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/20—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets without armatures
    • H01F7/206—Electromagnets for lifting, handling or transporting of magnetic pieces or material
    • H01F2007/208—Electromagnets for lifting, handling or transporting of magnetic pieces or material combined with permanent magnets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical device or machine with at least one magnet arrangement having an electromagnet and a permanent magnet, the permanent magnet with its pole faces resting on both sides of the winding of the electromagnet on the core thereof and the ends of the core of the electromagnet forming or carrying the pole shoes of the magnet arrangement and wherein , based on the excited state of the electromagnet, the poles of the permanent magnet are adjacent to the poles of the same name of the electromagnet.
  • a similar looking arrangement, but with a different function, is the subject of DE-A-1 439 088.
  • a permanent magnet referred to as the main magnet rests with its pole faces on a yoke carrying a winding made of a permanent magnetic material, the free ends of which pole shoes form.
  • the yoke is magnetized accordingly and is intended to act like a second magnet connected in series with the main magnet.
  • the aim of the invention is to reduce the material and weight of the known magnet arrangements and still enable the superimposed fluxes of both magnets to be used effectively.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention in that the permanent magnet rests with its pole faces on the core close to its ends, that the magnetic resistance of the force line path between the pole faces of the magnet arrangement lying at the air gap and the permanent magnet is only a fraction of the magnetic resistance of the force line path in the yoke of the electromagnet between the adjacent ends of the permanent magnet corresponds to the fact that the maximum value of the excitation current of the electromagnet is sufficient, but not greater than to achieve the first practical saturation value of the magnetic induction in the pole ends of the core of the magnet arrangement corresponding to the knee of the commutation curve in the absence of the Permanent magnet is required, and that the cross section of the pole pieces is smaller than the sum of, on the one hand, the cross section that would be required to conduct the magnetic flux of the fully excited electromagnet alone, and on the other hand the cross cut that would be required at the first practical saturation value
  • the permanent magnet which does not have a winding, can be arranged very close to the pole ends of the core, whereby it advantageously compensates for scattering losses of the electromagnet and the short region of the pole ends, which leads to an increased flux density when the electromagnet is excited, is used economically.
  • Magnetic induction of 0.5 to 0.7 T is often accepted as the first practical saturation value in electrical engineering. When this limit is exceeded, the technical effort in general becomes uneconomical in electrical engineering.
  • the magnet arrangement according to the invention is useful for all electromagnetic devices and electrical machines in which a magnetic field with high induction values is required, in particular if the magnetic field is to be periodically changeable between zero and a maximum value.
  • the invention can be applied in the stator and in the rotor or only in one of the two parts.
  • FIG. 1 A particularly good utilization of the magnetic circuit can be achieved in that the cross-sectional area of the pole shoes or the ends of the core of the electromagnet is of such a size that, when the electromagnet is fully excited, twice the amount of the magnetic first practical saturation value corresponding to the knee of the commutation curve Induction occurs.
  • the cross section of the yoke of the electromagnet carrying the winding is magnetically matched to the cross section of the permanent magnet, so that the yoke of the non-energized electromagnet due to the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet is approximately on the first corresponding to the knee of the commutation curve , practical saturation value is saturated.
  • the magnetic circuit of the permanent magnet lying directly on the legs or pole pieces of the electromagnet is closed via the legs and the yoke of the unexcited electromagnet, and no significant magnetic flux escapes from the pole faces of the magnet arrangement into the outer magnetic circuit, especially the outer one magnetic circuit in rotating electrical machines in any case, but also in most other electrical devices and machines has an air gap which increases the magnetic resistance.
  • Excitation of the electromagnet causes a flux in the yoke that is opposite to the magnetic flux caused by the permanent magnet, and the superposition of both fluxes then creates a magnetic flux in the outer magnetic circuit.
  • the optimal effect of the magnet arrangement can be achieved if, during operation, the electromagnet is excited to supply a magnetic flux which is approximately the same as the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet. If the fully excited electromagnet and the permanent magnet thus make approximately equal contributions to the total magnetic flux, the magnetic flux in the outer circuit can be controlled between almost zero and approximately twice the value of the magnetic flux supplied by the permanent magnet.
  • the magnetic energy is proportional to the square of the magnetic flux or the magnetic induction.
  • A is the pole area in m 2
  • B is the magnetic induction in T
  • F is the load capacity in N.
  • the magnetic induction of a solenoid to be operated with direct current need only be changed between zero and a value as large as possible in a single magnetization direction, and the invention is advantageous for saving electrical energy and material expenditure for the parts of the magnet arrangement which conduct the magnetic flux and their copper winding applicable.
  • the invention allows the magnetic flux to be doubled and thus four times the load capacity. In experiments carried out, an increase in the magnetic flux of 60% was achieved with the magnet arrangement according to the invention with the same excitation current as for a corresponding arrangement without a permanent magnet.
  • a magnet arrangement according to the invention which is suitable for this purpose consists of - a soft iron rod and a rod-shaped permanent arranged parallel to the latter magnet, both of which are surrounded by a winding, the poles of the permanent magnet resting on the soft iron rod outside the ends of the winding. Another possibility is to maintain a matrix of soft iron wires in the inventive design of the outer magnet system surrounding the wire bundle with permanent magnet and electromagnet.
  • the invention can also be used advantageously in rotating electrical machines. It must be taken into account here that for magnetic circuits of the machine which are to generate a constant or pulsating DC field, the magnet arrangement according to the invention can be used without any problems, whereas magnetic circuits of the machine to be operated in both magnetization directions can only be operated in one half-wave with a magnet arrangement according to the invention, so that two magnet arrangements according to the invention are required for full-wave operation. Because of the theoretically possible enlargement of the magnetic energy by a factor of four, there is still an improvement over conventional magnet arrangements even if the number of magnet arrangements needs to be doubled and the factor four is halved to a value of two.
  • the application of the invention enables the torque to be doubled compared to a conventional motor, the so-called iron losses caused by the change in magnetization also being reduced due to the lower iron mass.
  • magnet arrangement according to the invention with the advantage of reducing the material and / or energy expenditure are in the field of particle accelerators, such as betatron, ion and plasma accelerators.
  • particle accelerators such as betatron, ion and plasma accelerators.
  • the magnet arrangement shown in FIG. 1 has an electromagnet 1 and a permanent magnet 2.
  • the electromagnet has a yoke 4 made of ferromagnetic material and provided with a winding 3.
  • a leg 5 or 6 of ferromagnetic material lies tightly.
  • the free ends of the legs 5 and 6 represent pole shoes 7 and 8, respectively.
  • each pole shoe is shown in one piece with the associated leg.
  • separate pole shoes made of a ferromagnetic material that deviates from the material of the legs and / or with a special geometric shape could also abut the leg ends.
  • the permanent magnet 2 is inserted between the legs 5 and 6 of the electromagnet with their end faces lying tightly against them.
  • An armature 9 made of ferromagnetic material is located opposite the pole faces of the pole shoes 7 and 8 of the magnet arrangement, an air gap 10 and 11 being present on both sides between the pole faces and the armature.
  • Such an air gap is absolutely necessary in rotating electrical machines with parts moving against one another, but in many other cases there is also a working gap filled with non-ferro- or paramagnetic material in other electromagnetic devices, for example to prevent the armature from sticking ("sticking") to the electromagnet to prevent retentive magnetic flux or leakage flux.
  • the cross section of the yoke 4 is adapted to the work induction of the permanent magnet 2, taking into account the magnetic properties of its material, so that the yoke of the unexcited electromagnet 1 is approximately saturated by the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 2.
  • the entire magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 2 can pass through the legs 5, 6 and the yoke 4 and in the outer magnetic circuit containing the armature 9, which has increased magnetic resistance due to the presence of air gaps 10 and 11, occurs through the magnetism of the permanent magnet 2 alone has no appreciable magnetic flux.
  • a north pole is also formed at the left end of the yoke 4 and a south pole at the right end of the yoke 4 ,
  • the magnetic flux originating from the permanent magnet 2 in the yoke 4 and in the regions of the legs 5 and 6 facing away from the pole shoes 7 and 8 is more or less suppressed as a function of the field strength of the electromagnet 1 and in this way into the armature 9 containing outer magnetic circuit.
  • FIG. 2 shows an experimental arrangement for measuring the distribution of the magnetic induction in the air gap of a magnet arrangement according to the invention.
  • 12 and 13 are the poles of a large electromagnet (not shown).
  • the area of the distance between the pole faces of the electromagnet that was not required for the sample was bridged by a bundle 14 of transformer sheets with an amply dimensioned overall cross section.
  • a pole shoe 15 was attached to this bundle 14, the area 16 of its right end face projecting against the pole 13 of the electromagnet delimits an air gap 17 with a cross section of 12.7 ⁇ 31.75 mm 2 .
  • a permanent magnet 18 with a square cross section and a side length of 25.4 mm and a length of 6.35 mm was used, which was tight with one pole face on the pole 13 of the electromagnet and with the other pole face on the pole shoe 15.
  • the distribution of the magnetic induction in the air gap 17 was measured with a small Hall probe, the uniform distribution of the induction shown in the diagram of FIG. 3 being obtained with a certain excitation of the electromagnet.
  • FIG. 4 shows a measuring arrangement for examining a magnet arrangement according to the invention with technical alternating current in half-wave operation.
  • a magnet arrangement according to FIG. 1 was examined, the mean magnetic path length in the yoke 4 (including the proportion of the width of the legs 5, 6) being 55 mm and 65 mm in the legs 5, 6.
  • the cross section of the yoke, the legs and the armature 9 had the size 17.5 x 6.3 mm.
  • Each air gap 10, 11 had a length of 0.25 mm and a Hall probe 19 for measuring the magnetic induction was arranged in one of these air gaps.
  • the winding 3 had 1000 turns.
  • a variable isolating transformer 20 is used to reduce the mains voltage as desired. Since the magnetization of the disgust magnet only makes sense in one direction, there is a diode 21 between the tap of the transformer 20 and one end of the winding 3. The other end of the winding 3 is connected to earth . One end of the secondary winding of the transformer 20 is connected to earth via a resistor 22 which enables a current measurement. To measure the excitation current of the electromagnet, the voltage drop across the resistor 22 is tapped at the terminals 23. The Hall probe 19 is fed via terminals 24 with a constant current of 50 mA. This results in a voltage of 30 mV for an induction in the air gap of 0.6 T at the terminals 25.
  • Measuring instruments indicating the peak value can be connected to the terminals 23 and 25, but the processes are more manageable if the terminals 23 and 25 are connected to the vertical inputs of a two-channel oscilloscope whose horizontal deflection is synchronized with the mains frequency.
  • the winding 3 was subjected to a half-wave current of 0.7 A peak value, with no saturation of the soft iron parts 4, 5, 6 and 9 yet.
  • the crown value of the voltage indicated by the Hall probe 19 at the terminals 25 was 23 mV, corresponding to a magnetic induction of 0.46 T.
  • the permanent magnet 2 was then inserted between the legs 5 and 6 and the excitation current of the electromagnet was set such that the Hall probe 19 again provided a voltage at the terminals 25 with a peak value of 23 mV corresponding to a magnetic induction of 0.46T.
  • the peak value of the required magnetizing current was now only 0.4 A, which means a reduction of 43%.
  • a comparison of the peak-to-peak values of the AC voltage on winding 3 in both cases showed only a slight decrease from 65 V to 62 V.
  • the magnetizing current was then increased until saturation was reached. Without the permanent magnet 2 used, a peak current value of 1.4 A was measured.
  • the Hall probe 19 supplied a voltage at the terminals 25 with a peak value of 32 mV, corresponding to an induction of 0.64 T.
  • the permanent magnet 2 was then inserted into the magnet arrangement and the new measured values were determined without changing the setting of the variable transformer 20.
  • the peak-to-peak value of the voltage on the winding 3 was 85 V in both cases.
  • the peak value of the magnetizing current decreased to 0.7 A, ie by 50%, whereas the peak value of that from the Hall probe 19 at the terminals 25 supplied voltage rose to 42 mV, which means that the magnetic induction, whose saturation had previously started at 0.64 T, now increased to 0.84 T, i.e. increased by around 30%.
  • Magnetic filter devices for separating particles consisting of ferromagnetic material from a flow medium should also be mentioned.
  • a matrix of wires made of ferromagnetic material is provided in the path of the flow medium, which wires can be magnetized by an external electromagnet. During a deposition phase, the wires are magnetized as strongly as possible and thereby hold ferromagnetic particles from the flow medium.
  • the matrix is loaded with deposited particles and must be removed from the deposits during a subsequent cleaning phase by switching off the magnetization and flushing the matrix of wires with a rinsing liquid, thereby removing the previously held ferromagnetic particles.
  • the outer electromagnet can advantageously be replaced by a magnet arrangement according to the invention, as is shown, for example, in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 5 An arrangement as shown in FIG. 5 is also conceivable for this and other purposes, a permanent magnet 27 being arranged next to a rod or wire 26 made of soft magnetic material, the poles of which are outside the ends of a winding 28 on the rod or wire 26 concerns.
  • the winding 28 surrounds both the core of the electromagnet formed by the rod or wire 26 and the permanent magnet 27. It is essential here that the rod or wire 26 projects beyond the permanent magnet 27 in the longitudinal direction at both ends.
  • FIG. 6 shows the magnetization line 29 of the soft magnetic material of a magnetic circuit, which can be formed, for example, by parts 4, 5, 6 and 9 according to FIG. 1 and which represents an electromagnet when current passes through the winding 3.
  • the magnetic flux can run either clockwise or counterclockwise depending on the electrical excitation, and the magnetization curve is completely symmetrical with respect to the origin of the coordinate system.
  • FIG. 7 is intended to indicate the change in the magnetic circuit as is caused by inserting the permanent magnet 2 into the magnet arrangement shown in FIG. 1. This can be thought of as a parallel shift of the magnetization line by the amount of the permanent field, which leads to the working characteristic 30. If the upper limit of the magnetic induction of B o in the diagram in FIG. 6 can be raised to a value 2 B o in the diagram in FIG. 7, the new magnet arrangement with an inserted permanent magnet is compared to an equally large and equally excited one Electromagnet a quadrupling of the lifting force can be achieved.
  • FIG. 8 This is shown in Fig. 8, in which the lifting force F is plotted as a function of the excitation current I of the electromagnet.
  • the dashed curve 31 shows the course of the lifting force of an electromagnet, which is symmetrical with respect to the axis of ordinate, the lifting force being independent of the direction of the current and dependent only on the current strength, and the known square dependence of the lifting force on the excitation current is present at small current strengths, whereas very large ones Current levels due to the magnetic saturation of the ferromagnetic Material a further increase in lifting power is no longer achievable.
  • Curve 32 shows the course for a magnet arrangement according to the invention, which course also depends on the direction of the magnetizing current, whereby in the case of the additive combination of the magnetic fluxes of the electromagnet and permanent magnet in the outer magnetic circuit with the same flux components from the electromagnet and from the permanent magnet according to FIG. 7 a doubling of the magnetic flux compared to excitation by the electromagnet alone and thus a quadrupling of the lifting force can be achieved.
  • the invention can also be used to advantage in rotating electrical machines. It should be taken into account here that in AC machines, a magnet arrangement according to the invention can only work with half waves of the same polarity. The number of magnet arrangements must be doubled for operation with half-waves of both polarities.
  • 9 schematically shows the formation of stator poles for an AC motor.
  • the rotor 53 is surrounded by a stator 54, the poles 55, 56 of which reach the rotor surface while maintaining an air gap.
  • Each stator pole carries a winding 57 and, according to the invention, a permanent magnet 58 is provided between adjacent stator poles 55 and 56.
  • the magnetic circuit of the permanent magnet 58 is closed via the stator and no appreciable magnetic flux penetrates into the rotor 53 through the air gaps. If, on the other hand, the windings 57 are subjected to the rated current, the superimposed magnetic fluxes of the permanent magnet 58 and the electromagnets formed by the pole parts 55 and 56 provided with windings 57 flow through the air gaps through the rotor 53.
  • FIG. 5 shows such a magnetic separator with a modified embodiment of the magnet arrangement, which is located outside the separator container and thus outside the flow medium.
  • the separator container is provided with an inlet line 68 and an outlet line 69 on opposite end faces.
  • the container 67 is made of non-ferromagnetic material and is loosely filled with wires made of ferromagnetic material.
  • the outside of the container 67 is surrounded by an iron core 70, which can be rotationally symmetrical with respect to the axis passing through the feed line 68 and the discharge line 69.
  • the iron core 70 carries windings 71 and its yokes carrying the windings are bridged by permanent magnets 72.
  • the mode of operation of this embodiment of a magnet arrangement according to the invention again consists in the fact that in the unexcited state of the winding 71, the space of the container 67 is almost free of a magnetic field, whereas when current flows through the windings 71, the superimposed magnetic fluxes of the electromagnets and the permanent magnets for flooding the in the container 67 existing wires made of ferromagnetic material are effective. It is thus possible to switch between a cleaning phase without a magnetic field acting in the separator for rinsing the same and a deposition phase with a magnetic field acting in the separator.
  • FIG. 11 shows a torque-speed diagram of an experimental design of a direct current motor with a magnet arrangement according to the invention in the stator with three different field currents for the excitation of the electromagnet, each with and without a permanent magnet.
  • Curves 73, 74 and 75 apply to the interaction of the electromagnet and permanent magnet according to the invention at excitation currents of 0.4 A, 0.5 A and 0.6 A and curves 76, 77 and 78 for the generation of the stator field with the Electromagnets alone also with excitation currents of 0.4 A, 0.5 A or 0.6 A.
  • FIG. 12 shows a torque-speed diagram for comparing a conventional DC motor and a DC motor equipped with a magnet arrangement according to the invention for generating fields in the stator.
  • Curves 79, 80 and 81 apply for field currents of 0.3 A, 0.4 A and 0.5 A and curves 82, 83 and 84 for a conventional motor for field currents of 0.4 A, 0.5 A and 0.6 A.
  • Field currents higher than 0.1 A were deliberately chosen for the conventional motor, although the superiority of the motor equipped according to the invention is clearly evident.
  • the motor equipped according to the invention requires less electrical energy for the generation of the stator field, is also very economical with regard to the cost of materials and delivers a higher output than the comparable conventional electric motor. If necessary, the very small remanent stator field of the electric motor equipped according to the invention can be used for idling at high speed with the electrical excitation of the stator switched off.
  • FIG. 13 shows a diagram of the air gap induction achieved with and without permanent magnet as a function of the field current in a first test embodiment of a DC machine according to the invention.
  • the magnetization curve 85 applies to the magnet arrangement with the electromagnet alone and the magnetization curve 86 applies to the magnet arrangement with the permanent magnet inserted. In the latter case, the remanence is somewhat higher than without a permanent magnet, but the magnetic induction can still be reduced to very small values by switching off the electromagnet.
  • a similar diagram is shown in FIG. 14, with efforts being made to achieve the highest possible air gap induction while still being justifiable and economical in terms of material.
  • a favorable working point on curve 87 with regard to material utilization and energy expenditure for the electromagnet which applies to the magnet arrangement according to the invention without a permanent magnet inserted, is at a magnetic induction of 0.53 T. With this excitation by a voltage of about 60 V on the winding of the With the permanent magnet used, electromagnets have a magnetic induction of 1 T in the air gap at the corresponding working point on curve 88. This corresponds to an increase in the magnetic induction by the controlling effect of the magnetic flux of the electromagnet on the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet by 88%.
  • the permanent magnet is in a closed ferromagnetic circuit and since fully magnetized permanent magnets which are not in a closed ferromagnetic circuit suffer a weakening of their magnetization, it is expedient to magnetize the permanent magnet only after installation in an inventive one Make magnet arrangement for what purpose the electromagnet present in the magnet arrangement is suitable. Overloading the winding of the electromagnet can be accepted because the magnetization only takes place with short current pulses. With this type of magnetization, the permanent magnet no longer needs to be removed from the closed ferromagnetic circuit, and its magnetization state is therefore no longer impaired by structural measures.
  • a magnetic flux of the permanent magnet that is as large as possible to be combined with the use of the magnet arrangement with the magnetic flux of the electromagnet is desirable, since, for example, the armature current is all the smaller when the stator field of a DC motor is generated at a specific speed of the motor and given armature voltage will be, the stronger the stator field is.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)

Claims (13)

1. Dispositif ou machine électrique ayant un système d'aimants formé d'au moins un électroaimant (1) et un aimant permanent (2); celui-ci ayant ses faces polaires disposées de part et d'autre de l'enroulement (3) de l'électro-aimant, contre la culasse (4, 5, 6) de ce dernier; les extrémités de la culasse de l'électro-aimant constituant ou portant les pièces polaires (7, 8) du système d'aimants; et les pôles (N, S) de l'aimant permanent (2) étant voisins des pôles de mêmes noms de l'électro-aimant, lorsque celui-ci est excité, caractérisé en ce que les surfaces polaires de l'aimant permanent (2) sont disposées près des extrémités de la culasse (4, 5, 6) de l'électro-aimant; en ce que la réluctance du parcours des lignes de force, entre l'aimant permanent (2) et les surfaces polaires du système d'aimants situées à l'endroit de l'entrefer (10, 11), ne représente qu'une fraction de la réluctance du parcours des lignes de force dans le noyau (4) de l'électro-aimant (1), entre les extrémités adjacentes de l'aimant permanent (2); en ce que la valeur maximale de l'intensité du courant d'excitation de l'électro-aimant (1) est suffisante, sans dépasser la valeur nécessaire, pour atteindre le premier seuil pratique de saturation de l'induction magnétique, dans les extrémités polaires de la culasse (4, 5, 6), ce seuil correspondant au coude de la courbe d'aimantation, en l'absence de l'aimant permanent (2); et en ce que la section des pièces polaires (7, 8) est plus faible que la somme de la section qui serait d'une part nécessaire pour assurer à elle seule le passage du flux magnétique de l'électro-aimant (1) à pleine excitation, et de la section qui serait d'autre part nécessaire, à elle seule, pour assurer le passage du flux magnétique de l'aimant permanent (2), au régime d'induction correspondant au premier seuil pratique de saturation.
2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la section des pièces polaires (7, 8) ou extrémités, de la culasse de l'électro-aimant est telle que, à pleine excitation de l'électroaimant (1), on obtienne dans ces pièces polaires une induction magnétique égale au double de l'induction magnétique correspondant au premier seuil pratique de saturation, correspondant au coude de la courbe d'aimantation.
3. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'on fait varier de manière périodique l'intensité du courant d'excitation de l'électro-aimant, entre une valeur nulle et une valeur maximale; cette variation s'effectuant de préférence en établissant le courant d'excitation pour le couper ensuite.
4. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'induction magnétique dans l'entrefer, en l'absence de l'aimant permanent (2) et à pleine excitation de l'électro-aimant (1), atteint une valeur comprise entre 0,5 et 0,7 T (1 Tesla = 104 Gauss).
5. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la section des pièces polaires (7, 8) est comprise entre un tiers et deux tiers de la somme des sections précitées, de préférence les deux tiers de cette somme.
6. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la section du noyau (4) de l'électro-aimant (1) qui porte l'enroulement (3) de celui-ci est magnétiquement adaptée à la section de l'aimant permanent (2), pour que le noyau (4) de l'électro-aimant (1), lorsque celui-ci n'est pas excité, soit saturé par le flux de l'aimant permanent (2), à une valeur d'induction proche de celle du premier seuil pratique de saturation, correspondant au coude de la courbe d'aimantation.
7. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'on excite l'électro-aimant (1), en fonctionnement, pour obtenir un flux magnétique sensiblement égal à celui de l'aimant permanent (2).
8. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la longueur de parcours des lignes de force, entre l'aimant permanent (2) et les surfaces polaires disposées en regard de l'entrefer (10, 11), ne représente qu'une fraction de la longueur du parcours des lignes de force dans le noyau et la culasse (4) de l'électro-aimant, entre les extrémités adjacentes de l'aimant permanent (2).
9. Dispositif selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que le rapport des longueurs des deux parcours considérés pour les lignes de force est inférieur à 1:10, et de préférence inférieur à 1:20.
10. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que le système d'aimants (54-58; 59-66) fait partie d'un moteur électrique.
11. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que le système d'aimants (70, 71, 72), fait partie d'un séparateur magnétique; ce séparateur présentant une surface magnétisable importante en regard d'un entrefer disposé dans une enceinte (67) aménagée pour être traversée par un courant de fluide chargé de matières à séparer de ce fluide.
12. Dispositif selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que la surface magnétisable est reliée aux pôles du système d'aimants (70, 71, 72) limitant l'entrefer, ou constitue une partie de ceux-ci.
EP80890040A 1979-04-05 1980-04-03 Dispositif ou machine électrique Expired EP0018352B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80890040T ATE8825T1 (de) 1980-04-03 1980-04-03 Elektrische vorrichtung oder maschine.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT255179 1979-04-05
AT2551/79 1979-04-05

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0018352A1 EP0018352A1 (fr) 1980-10-29
EP0018352B1 true EP0018352B1 (fr) 1984-08-01

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EP80890040A Expired EP0018352B1 (fr) 1979-04-05 1980-04-03 Dispositif ou machine électrique

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US (1) US4479103A (fr)
EP (1) EP0018352B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3068769D1 (fr)

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US4571213A (en) * 1983-11-17 1986-02-18 Nikko Co., Ltd. Direction-converting device for a toy car
DE3627648A1 (de) * 1986-08-14 1988-02-18 Philips Patentverwaltung Gleichstrommagnet
NO300439B1 (no) * 1994-11-30 1997-05-26 Maritime Hydraulics As Fremgangsmåte og anordning for å detektere full magnetisering av elektro-permanent-magneter
EP0838891A1 (fr) * 1996-10-24 1998-04-29 Sanshiro Ogino Dispositif de conversion d'énergie avec aimants permanents
CN1067815C (zh) * 1996-11-13 2001-06-27 荻野三四郎 利用永磁铁的能量转换装置
JP3595955B2 (ja) * 1999-05-28 2004-12-02 三四郎 荻野 ベーシックファクターを用いた発電機能を有する電動機
BRPI0402045B1 (pt) 2004-05-12 2021-04-13 Oscar Rolando Avilla Cusicanqui Motor elétrico híbrido de relutância
EP1862624B1 (fr) * 2006-06-01 2017-02-15 Pilz Auslandsbeteiligungen GmbH Dispositif de maintien pour un dispositif de protection de l'accès
DE102011014192B4 (de) * 2011-03-16 2014-03-06 Eto Magnetic Gmbh Elektromagnetische Aktuatorvorrichtung

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US4064442A (en) * 1976-03-17 1977-12-20 Csg Enterprises, Inc. Electric motor having permanent magnets and resonant circuit
DE2424131B2 (de) * 1973-05-18 1978-09-07 Hitachi Metals, Ltd., Tokio Drossel
US4132911A (en) * 1976-03-24 1979-01-02 C. S. G. Enterprises, Inc. Electric motor with permanent magnets combined with electromagnets

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US4064442A (en) * 1976-03-17 1977-12-20 Csg Enterprises, Inc. Electric motor having permanent magnets and resonant circuit
US4132911A (en) * 1976-03-24 1979-01-02 C. S. G. Enterprises, Inc. Electric motor with permanent magnets combined with electromagnets

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0018352A1 (fr) 1980-10-29
US4479103A (en) 1984-10-23
DE3068769D1 (en) 1984-09-06

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