EP0013987B1 - Prefabricated wall element with built-in supply conduits, particularly for bathroom, sanitary room, kitchen or the like - Google Patents

Prefabricated wall element with built-in supply conduits, particularly for bathroom, sanitary room, kitchen or the like Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0013987B1
EP0013987B1 EP19800100364 EP80100364A EP0013987B1 EP 0013987 B1 EP0013987 B1 EP 0013987B1 EP 19800100364 EP19800100364 EP 19800100364 EP 80100364 A EP80100364 A EP 80100364A EP 0013987 B1 EP0013987 B1 EP 0013987B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wall
shell
wall shell
wall element
horizontal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19800100364
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0013987A1 (en
Inventor
Kurt Mechel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0013987A1 publication Critical patent/EP0013987A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0013987B1 publication Critical patent/EP0013987B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/44—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose
    • E04C2/52—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits
    • E04C2/521—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits serving for locating conduits; for ventilating, heating or cooling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03C—DOMESTIC PLUMBING INSTALLATIONS FOR FRESH WATER OR WASTE WATER; SINKS
    • E03C1/00—Domestic plumbing installations for fresh water or waste water; Sinks
    • E03C1/01—Domestic plumbing installations for fresh water or waste water; Sinks for combinations of baths, showers, sinks, wash-basins, closets, urinals, or the like

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a prefabricated wall element with cross-sectionally accessible C-shaped sheet metal ducts for receiving installation lines, in particular for wet rooms, sanitary rooms, kitchens or the like, the ducts being closable with cover plates.
  • Such a known wall element (DE-A-2 007 087) is designed as a prefabricated plate made of concrete, stone material or plastic, which has groove-shaped bends for laying installation material on the side facing the enclosed space.
  • the recesses run along all edges and diagonally across the plate; they can be closed by means of cover strips which can be attached by clamping, the cover strips interacting with an approximately C-shaped sheet metal lining of the channels.
  • Another known plate-shaped component (DE-A-23 25 092) is composed of plastic shells, the cavities of which are foamed. During the manufacturing process, lines and devices for the electrical, sanitary and water installations are poured into these shells, their lateral connection parts matching those of adjacent wall elements. Provided along the bottom edge is a cross-sectionally C-shaped channel open to the interior of the room, which serves as a cable rail and can be closed with a cover.
  • the plate-shaped components mentioned are on-site construction parts which, when placed next to one another, result in finished walls which already contain installation lines or provide channels for accommodating them. They are unsuitable for cladding in front of walls that have already been completed by the customer or existing existing rooms. They must be assembled using cranes in accordance with the progress of the construction site from above.
  • a prefabricated wall element made of sheet metal is known (DE-A-22 49 788), which comprises a wall shell which extends from the ceiling to the floor and is C-shaped in horizontal cross section and open to the rear of the wall element. If several such wall elements are installed next to one another, the fitter needs access from the rear or from the narrow side of the wall shell; consequently, it is not possible to produce a closed interior cladding from such wall shells.
  • the wall shell can be attached directly to an existing surface, e.g. be mounted on a wall.
  • the selected sheet metal construction enables a particularly low profile depth and easy handling during assembly.
  • the vertical lines already contained in the wall element are connected to the horizontal connecting lines in the area of the two channels, which are accessible from the interior of the room when the cover plates are removed. From wall elements of this type any wall composite can therefore be produced without difficulty by assembly from the interior of the room.
  • a cell consisting of wall elements according to the invention can either be used in a room provided by the customer or installed from the interior of the room and connected to the existing lines. An intervention in the building or in the screed is not necessary.
  • the wall shell according to the invention can be prefabricated including the surface covering, the vertical lines and the cover plates for the channels.
  • the surface covering can e.g. consist of commercially available ceramic tiles.
  • the profile depth can be reduced to about 66 mm, which is only 10 mm more than the minimum diameter prescribed for a drain pipe according to DIN from the inside 50, outside 60 mm.
  • the grid dimension of a wall element provided for a tiled bathroom is easily calculated according to the dimensions of a standard tile of e.g. 150 x 150 mm and a joint width of 3 mm to a value of 153 mm.
  • the wall element 1 shown in FIG. 1 is constructed from a laterally folded sheet with the side parts 2; the visible wall side of the approximately C-shaped sheet metal profile is covered with ceramic tiles 3 and thus forms a finished wall shell 4.
  • the vertical lines shown in broken lines for the sanitary objects provided in each case are accommodated, in the present case a drain pipe 5 for connection the siphon 6 of a wash basin 7 as well as a cold water supply line 8 and a hot water supply line 9 for supplying the cold and hot water taps of the wash basin 7.
  • an electrical line 10 shown in dash-dotted lines for supplying a light switch 11 and a socket 12 is laid inside the wall shell 4.
  • a U-shaped rail 13 which runs horizontally at the level of the wash basin and is also used as an anchorage point for the wash basin, is attached to its rear.
  • the side parts 2 have eyelets 14 for attaching lateral connection elements.
  • a sheet-metal duct 15 with a C-shaped cross section is fastened by means of a lateral screw connection 16.
  • the channel 15 is used to hold horizontally running lines, in the present example the cold water supply line 17 and the hot water supply line 18.
  • electrical cables 19 are also laid in the channel 15.
  • a channel 20 for receiving horizontal lines is also provided on the underside of the wall shell 4, the lateral screw connection (at 21) of which is used for connection to the adjoining wall element and the fastening of the channel to the side parts 2 of the wall shell 4.
  • a sewage pipe 22 is laid in the present example, which is connected to the drain pipe 5 from the sink.
  • the upper channel 15 and the lower channel 20 are both closed in the finished state with a cover plate 23 shown enlarged in FIG.
  • a completely closed picture of a wall element 1 results from the ceiling to the floor.
  • the latter can be specified on site; however, it is also possible to have a ceiling or floor closure shown in FIG. 1 by means of ceiling panels 24 or floor panels 25, which are each fastened to the outer sides of the channels 15 and 20. In this way, closed sanitary cells can be produced.
  • FIG. 2 The schematic plan view of a bathroom cell shown in FIG. 2 shows, with the exception of the wall adjacent to the outer longitudinal side of the bathtub 26, load-bearing partitions composed of two wall elements.
  • the structure of the wall shells pointing towards the interior corresponds essentially to the illustration according to FIGS. 1 and 1a, with each wall element of course being adapted to the respective sanitary object; some wall shells 4 do not contain any vertical lines, if only a free wall surface is to be created.
  • the wall 28 applies to the wall 28 adjoining on the right with respect to a door 27.
  • This wall 28 is composed of wall shells 4, such that two each form a common cavity with their inner sides.
  • the cell wall 30 opposite the wall 28 also consists of, but offset here, mutually arranged wall elements which have the vertical lines for the individual sanitary objects on the inside, namely a drain pipe 31 as well as a hot water supply line 32 and a cold water supply line 33 for the bathtub 26.
  • a drain pipe 31 as well as a hot water supply line 32 and a cold water supply line 33 for the bathtub 26.
  • the sink 7 a drain line 5, a hot water supply line 9 and a cold water supply line 8
  • for the bidet 34 a drain line 35, a hot water supply line 36 and a cold water supply line 37, and for the toilet 38 a drain line 39 and a cold water supply line 40 for the cistern.
  • the wall element 41 assigned to the toilet 38 is deeper than the other wall elements so that the cistern 42 can be accommodated in its interior.
  • heating lines namely a hot water supply 43 and a hot water return 44
  • a ventilation line 45 is also accommodated.
  • the horizontal lines to which the vertical lines listed above are connected, are laid in channels above or below each individual wall shell.
  • the wall opposite the door 27 is formed from simple wall shells 4, on the back of which there is a wall provided by the customer 46 is located. These wall shells can therefore be anchored to the wall 46 or independent of it. The latter offers higher noise and fire protection. It is essential that, with the exception of the wall element 41, which receives the cistern, all the wall shells are of the same depth, the respective vertical lines being accommodated completely within their C-shaped profile.
  • Fig. 3 shows in natural size the ceiling connection of a wall element with a wall shell 4, a channel 15 placed thereon and a ceiling element 24.
  • the wall shell and ceiling element including the channel 15 carry in their interior a sound-absorbing insulation 47 made of an incombustible material such as e.g. Mineral wool.
  • the channel 15 deviates from the cross-sectional shape according to FIG. 1 in that its rear wall 48 extends in a straight line, so that it is more or less deep into the open top according to the remaining distance between the upper edge 49 of the wall shell 4 and the ceiling C-profile of the wall shell can be inserted, whereby an adaptation of a wall element to the respective room height is possible.
  • the channel 15 is fastened to the wall shell 4 at the rear by means of the screw connection 51, the wall shell 4 having an extension 52 welded on to the rear, over which the rear wall 48 of the channel 15 is pushed.
  • the screw connection 51 is easily accessible from the interior with the cover 23 of the channel 15 removed.
  • the screw 50 serves for the lateral connection of two wall shells.
  • the lid 23 of the channel 15 is received with its lower edge in a groove 53, which in turn is formed along the upper edge of a hollow profile 54 fastened in the upper region of the wall shell 4, in which electrical cable 19 are laid.
  • the cover 23 is supported along its upper edge by means of an angle rail 55 fastened in the interior of the channel.
  • the horizontal lines are accommodated, namely a heating line 56 as a hot water supply, a hot water line 57 and a cold water line 58.
  • the lines are each insulated and at intervals by means of brackets 59 or at the connection points with the vertical connections.
  • Fig. 4 shows a vertical section through the bottom connection of a wall element.
  • a channel 20 is attached, which rests on the floor 60 or is screwed to it.
  • the channel 20 contains a drain line 61 which is spaced at intervals on blocks whose upper layer 62 is made of foam, e.g. Moltoprene, the lower layer 63 of which is made of incombustible plastic, such as asbestos cement.
  • the lower channel 20 also contains a return line 64 for the heating system.
  • Fig. 5 also shows a vertical cross section through the lower channel of a wall element with the drain line 61 running inside the channel and a line connection 65 for a bidet passing through the cover 23 of the channel, which is connected to an inflow line 66 for cold or hot water .
  • the drain line 61 is connected to the bidet drain via the pipe bend 67.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein vorgefertigtes Wandelement mit raumseitig zugänglichen im Querschnitt C-förmigen Blechkanälen zur Aufnahme von Installationsleitungen, insbesondere für Naßraum, Sanitärraum, Küche od. dgl., wobei die Kanäle mit Deckplatten verschließbar sind.The invention relates to a prefabricated wall element with cross-sectionally accessible C-shaped sheet metal ducts for receiving installation lines, in particular for wet rooms, sanitary rooms, kitchens or the like, the ducts being closable with cover plates.

Ein derartiges bekanntes Wandelement (DE-A-2 007 087) ist als Fertigteilplatte aus Beton, Steinmaterial oder Kunststoff ausgebildet, welche auf der zum umbauten Raum hingerichteten Seite nutförmige Ausbiegungen zur Verlegung von Installationsmaterial aufweist. Die Ausnehmungen verlaufen längs aller Ränder und diagonal über die Platte ; sie sind mittels durch Klemmen anbringbarer Abdeckstreifen verschließbar, wobei die Abdeckstreifen mit einer etwa C-förmigen Blechauskleidung der Kanäle zusammenwirken.Such a known wall element (DE-A-2 007 087) is designed as a prefabricated plate made of concrete, stone material or plastic, which has groove-shaped bends for laying installation material on the side facing the enclosed space. The recesses run along all edges and diagonally across the plate; they can be closed by means of cover strips which can be attached by clamping, the cover strips interacting with an approximately C-shaped sheet metal lining of the channels.

Ein anderes bekanntes plattenförmiges Bauelement (DE-A-23 25 092) ist aus Kunststoffschalen, deren Hohlräume ausgeschäumt sind, zusammengesetzt. Beim Herstellungsvorgang werden in diese Schalen Leitungen und Einrichtungen für die elektrische-, die sanitäre- und die Wasserinstallation eingegossen, wobei ihre seitlichen Anschlußteile mit denen benachbarter Wandelemente zusammenpassen. Längs des bodenseitigen Randes ist ein zum Rauminneren hin offener im Querschnitt C-förmiger Kanal vorgesehen, der als Kabelschiene dient und mit einem Deckel verschließbar ist.Another known plate-shaped component (DE-A-23 25 092) is composed of plastic shells, the cavities of which are foamed. During the manufacturing process, lines and devices for the electrical, sanitary and water installations are poured into these shells, their lateral connection parts matching those of adjacent wall elements. Provided along the bottom edge is a cross-sectionally C-shaped channel open to the interior of the room, which serves as a cable rail and can be closed with a cover.

Die genannten plattenförmigen Bauelemente sind bauseitige Konstruktionsteile, welche nebeneinandergesetzt fertige Wände ergeben, die bereits Installationsleitungen enthalten, beziehungsweise Kanäle für deren Unterbringung bieten. Als Verkleidung vor bereits bauseitig fertiggestellten Wänden bzw. von vorhandenen umbauten Räumen sind sie ungeeignet. Ihre Montage hat mittels Kränen entsprechend dem Fortschritt der Baustelle von oben her zu erfolgen.The plate-shaped components mentioned are on-site construction parts which, when placed next to one another, result in finished walls which already contain installation lines or provide channels for accommodating them. They are unsuitable for cladding in front of walls that have already been completed by the customer or existing existing rooms. They must be assembled using cranes in accordance with the progress of the construction site from above.

Schließlich ist ein vorgefertigtes Wandelement aus Blech bekannt (DE-A-22 49 788), welches eine von der Decke bis zum Boden reichende, im horizontalen Querschnitt C-förmige, zur Rückseite des Wandelements offene Wandschale umfaßt. Bei der Montage mehrerer derartiger Wandelemente nebeneinander ist für den Monteur ein Zugang von der Rückseite oder von der Schmalseite der Wandschale her erforderlich ; demzufolge ist die Herstellung einer geschlossenen Innenraumverkleidung aus derartigen Wandschalen nicht möglich.Finally, a prefabricated wall element made of sheet metal is known (DE-A-22 49 788), which comprises a wall shell which extends from the ceiling to the floor and is C-shaped in horizontal cross section and open to the rear of the wall element. If several such wall elements are installed next to one another, the fitter needs access from the rear or from the narrow side of the wall shell; consequently, it is not possible to produce a closed interior cladding from such wall shells.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Wandelement der Eingangs genannten Art mit besonders geringer Profiltiefe zu schaffen, dessen Montage zu einem geschlossenen Wandverbund auch im Inneren eines umbauten Raums möglich ist.

  • Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, - daß das Wandelement eine im horizontalen Querschnitt etwa C-förmige, zur Rückseite hin offene Wandschale aus Blech umfaßt, wobei die dem Einrichtungsplan entsprechenden vertikalen Leitungen und Leitungsanschlüsse im Hohlraum der Wandschale durch Vormontage befestigt sind ;
  • - daß die Wandschale decken- und bodenseitig durch je einen horizontalen Kanal begrenzt ist, dessen Abmessung senkrecht zur Wandoberfläche etwa der Profiltiefe der Wandschale entspricht, und
  • - daß Wandschale und Kanäle zu einer tragenden Baueinheit verbunden sind.
The present invention has for its object to provide a wall element of the type mentioned with a particularly low profile depth, the assembly of which to form a closed wall composite is also possible in the interior of an enclosed space.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention in that the wall element comprises a wall shell made of sheet metal which is approximately C-shaped in horizontal cross section and is open towards the rear, the vertical lines and line connections corresponding to the interior plan being fastened in the cavity of the wall shell by preassembly;
  • - That the wall shell is limited on the top and bottom sides by a horizontal channel, the dimension of which corresponds approximately to the profile depth of the wall shell perpendicular to the wall surface, and
  • - That wall shell and channels are connected to a load-bearing unit.

Dadurch, daß die vertikalen Installationsleitungen im Inneren der Wandschale angeordenet und die Installationsleitungen für den horizontalen Anschluß in den beiden horizontalen Kanälen gebündelt sind, kann die Wandschale unmittelbar an eine vorhandene Oberfläche, z.B. einer Mauer montiert werden. Die gewählte Blechkonstruktion ermöglicht eine besonders geringe Profiltiefe und eine einfache Handhabung bei der Montage. Dabei erfolgt die Verbindung der bereits im Wandelement enthaltenen vertikalen Leitungen mit den horizontalen Verbindungsleitungen im Bereich der beiden Kanäle, die vom Rauminneren her bei abgenommenen Deckplatten zugänglich sind. Aus derartigen Wandelementen läßt sich daher ohne Schwierigkeiten jeder beliebige Wandverbund durch Montage vom Rauminneren her herstellen. Eine aus erfindungsgemäßen Wandelementen bestehende Zelle kann entweder in einen bauseits fertigen Raum eingesetzt oder vom Rauminneren her montiert und an die bauseits vorhandenen Leitungen angeschlossen werden. Ein Eingriff in das Bauwerk oder in den Estrich ist dabei nicht erforderlich.Because the vertical installation lines are arranged inside the wall shell and the installation lines for the horizontal connection are bundled in the two horizontal channels, the wall shell can be attached directly to an existing surface, e.g. be mounted on a wall. The selected sheet metal construction enables a particularly low profile depth and easy handling during assembly. The vertical lines already contained in the wall element are connected to the horizontal connecting lines in the area of the two channels, which are accessible from the interior of the room when the cover plates are removed. From wall elements of this type any wall composite can therefore be produced without difficulty by assembly from the interior of the room. A cell consisting of wall elements according to the invention can either be used in a room provided by the customer or installed from the interior of the room and connected to the existing lines. An intervention in the building or in the screed is not necessary.

Die erfindungsgemäße Wandschale kann einschließlich des Oberflächenbelages, der vertikalen Leitungen und der Deckplatten für die Kanäle vorgefertigt werden. Dabei kann der Oberflächenbelag z.B. aus handelsüblichen Keramikfliesen bestehen. Nach dem Aufstellen einer Wandschale, eines Verbundes aus derartigen Wandschalen oder einer Komplettzelle können die Sanitärobjekte wie Waschbecken, Kloschüssel, Bidet, Badewanne, Düschwanne od. dgl. auf einfache Weise angeschlossen werden.The wall shell according to the invention can be prefabricated including the surface covering, the vertical lines and the cover plates for the channels. The surface covering can e.g. consist of commercially available ceramic tiles. After setting up a wall bowl, a composite of such wall bowls or a complete cell, the sanitary objects such as wash basin, toilet bowl, bidet, bath tub, shower tray or the like can be connected in a simple manner.

Infolge des einfachen Aufbaus der Wandelemente als selbstträgende Blechschale läßt sich die Profiltiefe auf etwa 66 mm reduzieren, das sind nur 10 mm mehr als der für eine Abflußrohr nach DIN vorgeschriebene Mindestdurchmesser von innen 50, außen 60 mm.As a result of the simple construction of the wall elements as a self-supporting sheet metal shell, the profile depth can be reduced to about 66 mm, which is only 10 mm more than the minimum diameter prescribed for a drain pipe according to DIN from the inside 50, outside 60 mm.

Das Rastermaß eines für einen gefliezten Sanitärraum vorgesehenen Wandelements errechnet sich auf einfache Weise entsprechend der Abmessung einer handelsüblichen Fliese von z.B. 150 x 150 mm und einer Fugenbreite von 3 mm zu einem Wert von 153 mm.The grid dimension of a wall element provided for a tiled bathroom is easily calculated according to the dimensions of a standard tile of e.g. 150 x 150 mm and a joint width of 3 mm to a value of 153 mm.

Nach einer weiteren Ausgestaltung erfolgt die Anpassung des Wandelements an die jeweilige Raumhöhe dadurch, daß wenigstens der deckenseitige Kanal im Querschnitt gesehen an dessen Oberseite einen horizontalen Schenkel und einen vertikalen Schenkel als Rückwand aufweist, so daß der Kanal mit seiner offenen Unterseite teleskopartig auf die Wandschale aufsetzbar und im Bereich der Rückwand mit Verlängerungen der Wandschale verschraubbar ist. Ähnliches ist selbstverständlich mit dem bodenseitigen Kanal möglich, wobei dieser dann gleichzeitig als höhenverstellbares Objekt dient. Im folgenden werden mehrere Ausführungsbeispiele zum Gegenstand der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung erläutert. Es zeigt :

  • Figur 1, 1a ein Wandelement mit einem Waschbecken in perspektivischer Darstellung ;
  • Figur 2 einen schematischen Horizontalschnitt durch eine Badezelle aus einzelnen Wandelementen ;
  • Figur 3 einen Vertikalschnitt durch den deckenseitigen Kanal eines Wandelements ;
  • Figure 4 und 5 je einen Vertikalschnitt durch den bodenseitigen Kanal eines Wandelements.
According to a further embodiment, the Adaptation of the wall element to the respective room height in that at least the ceiling-side channel, seen in cross section, has a horizontal leg and a vertical leg as the rear wall on its upper side, so that the channel with its open underside can be placed telescopically on the wall shell and in the area of the rear wall Extensions of the wall shell can be screwed. Something similar is of course possible with the bottom channel, which then also serves as a height-adjustable object. Several exemplary embodiments relating to the subject matter of the invention are explained below with reference to the drawing. It shows :
  • Figure 1, 1a, a wall element with a sink in perspective;
  • Figure 2 is a schematic horizontal section through a bathroom from individual wall elements;
  • 3 shows a vertical section through the ceiling-side channel of a wall element;
  • Figure 4 and 5 each a vertical section through the bottom channel of a wall element.

Das in Fig. 1 dargestellte Wandelement 1 ist aufgebaut aus einem seitlich abgekanteten Blech mit den Seitenteilen 2 ; die sichtbare Wandseite des etwa C-förmigen Blechprofils ist mit Keramikfliesen 3 bedeckt und bildet somit eine fertige Wandschale 4. Im Inneren der Wandschale 4 sind die strichliert eingezeichneten vertikalen Leitungen für die jeweils vorgesehenen Sanitärobjekte untergebracht, im vorliegenden Fall ein Abflußrohr 5 für den Anschluß an den Syphon 6 eines Waschbeckens 7 sowie eine Kaltwasserzuleitung 8 und eine Warmwasserzuleitung 9 zur Versorgung der Kalt- und Warmwasserhähne des Waschbeckens 7. Ferner ist im Inneren der Wandschale 4 eine strichpunktiert gezeichnete elektrische Leitung 10 zur Versorgung eines Lichtschalters 11 und einer Steckdose 12 verlegt. Zur Erhöhung der Stabilität der Wandschale 4 ist auf ihrer Rückseite noch eine in Waschbeckenhöhe horizontal verlaufende U-Profilschiene 13 befestigt, die gleichzeitig als Verankerungsort für das Waschbecken dient. Die Seitenteile 2 weisen Ösen 14 zur Anbringung seitlicher Anschlußelemente auf. An der Oberseite der Wandschale 4 ist ein im Querschnitt C-förmiger Blechkanal 15 mittels einer seitlichen Verschraubung 16 befestigt. Der Kanal 15 dient zur Aufnahme horizontal verlaufender Leitungen, im vorliegenden Beispiel der Kaltwasserzuleitung 17 und der Warmwasserzuleitung 18. Schließlich sind im Kanal 15 noch elektrische Kabel 19 verlegt.The wall element 1 shown in FIG. 1 is constructed from a laterally folded sheet with the side parts 2; the visible wall side of the approximately C-shaped sheet metal profile is covered with ceramic tiles 3 and thus forms a finished wall shell 4. Inside the wall shell 4, the vertical lines shown in broken lines for the sanitary objects provided in each case are accommodated, in the present case a drain pipe 5 for connection the siphon 6 of a wash basin 7 as well as a cold water supply line 8 and a hot water supply line 9 for supplying the cold and hot water taps of the wash basin 7. Furthermore, an electrical line 10 shown in dash-dotted lines for supplying a light switch 11 and a socket 12 is laid inside the wall shell 4. In order to increase the stability of the wall shell 4, a U-shaped rail 13, which runs horizontally at the level of the wash basin and is also used as an anchorage point for the wash basin, is attached to its rear. The side parts 2 have eyelets 14 for attaching lateral connection elements. On the upper side of the wall shell 4, a sheet-metal duct 15 with a C-shaped cross section is fastened by means of a lateral screw connection 16. The channel 15 is used to hold horizontally running lines, in the present example the cold water supply line 17 and the hot water supply line 18. Finally, electrical cables 19 are also laid in the channel 15.

In ähnlicher Weise ist auch an der Unterseite der Wandschale 4, ein Kanal 20 zur Aufnahme horizontaler Leitungen vorgesehen, dessen seitliche Verschraubung (bei 21) der Verbindung mit dem anschließenden Wandelement und der Befestigung des Kanals an den Seitenteilen 2 der Wandschale 4 befestigt dient. Im unteren Kanal 20 ist im vorliegenden Beispiel eine Abwasserleitung 22 verlegt, die mit dem Abflußrohr 5 vom Waschbecken verbunden ist.In a similar manner, a channel 20 for receiving horizontal lines is also provided on the underside of the wall shell 4, the lateral screw connection (at 21) of which is used for connection to the adjoining wall element and the fastening of the channel to the side parts 2 of the wall shell 4. In the lower channel 20, a sewage pipe 22 is laid in the present example, which is connected to the drain pipe 5 from the sink.

Der obere Kanal 15 und der untere Kanal 20 sind beide im Fertigzustand mit einer in Fig. 1a vergrößert dargestellten Deckplatte 23 verschlossen, die in gleicher Weise wie die Wandschale 4 mit Keramikfliesen 3 bedeckt ist. Auf diese Weise ergibt sich ein vollkommen geschlossenes Bild eines Wandelements 1 von der Decke bis zum Fußboden. Letztere können bauseits vorgegeben sein ; möglich ist aber auch ein in Fig. 1 dargestellter Decken- bzw. Bodenabschluß mittels Deckenplatten 24 bzw. Bodenplatten 25, die jeweils an den Außenseiten der Kanäle 15 bzw. 20 befestigt sind. Auf diese Weise lassen sich geschlossene Sanitärzellen herstellen.The upper channel 15 and the lower channel 20 are both closed in the finished state with a cover plate 23 shown enlarged in FIG. In this way, a completely closed picture of a wall element 1 results from the ceiling to the floor. The latter can be specified on site; however, it is also possible to have a ceiling or floor closure shown in FIG. 1 by means of ceiling panels 24 or floor panels 25, which are each fastened to the outer sides of the channels 15 and 20. In this way, closed sanitary cells can be produced.

Die in Fig. 2 dargestellte schematische Draufsicht auf eine Badezimmerzelle zeigt mit Ausnahme der an die äußere Längsseite der Badewanne 26 angrenzenden Wand aus zwei Wandelementen zusammengesetzte tragende Trennwände. Der Aufbau der zum Innenraum hinweisenden Wandschalen entspricht dabei im wesentlichen der Darstellung gemäß den Figuren 1 und 1a, wobei jedes Wandelement selbstverständlich dem jeweiligen Sanitärobjekt angepaßt ist ; einige Wandschalen 4 beinhalten keine vertikalen Leitungen nämlich, falls lediglich eine freie Wandfläche geschaffen werden soll. Letzteres trifft für den Grundriß gemäß Fig. 2 auf die bezüglich einer Türe 27 rechts anschließende Wand 28 zu. Diese Wand 28 ist aus Wandschalen 4 zusammengesetzt, derart, daß jeweils zwei mit ihren Innenseiten einen gemeinsamen Hohlraum bilden.The schematic plan view of a bathroom cell shown in FIG. 2 shows, with the exception of the wall adjacent to the outer longitudinal side of the bathtub 26, load-bearing partitions composed of two wall elements. The structure of the wall shells pointing towards the interior corresponds essentially to the illustration according to FIGS. 1 and 1a, with each wall element of course being adapted to the respective sanitary object; some wall shells 4 do not contain any vertical lines, if only a free wall surface is to be created. For the floor plan according to FIG. 2, the latter applies to the wall 28 adjoining on the right with respect to a door 27. This wall 28 is composed of wall shells 4, such that two each form a common cavity with their inner sides.

Die der Wand 28 gegenüberliegende Zellenwand 30 besteht ebenfalls aus, hier allerdings versetzt, zueinander angeordneten Wandelementen, die im Inneren die vertikalen Leitungen für die ein - zelnen Sanitärobjekte aufweisen, nämlich für die Badewanne 26 ein Abflußrohr 31 sowie eine Heißwasserzuleitung 32 und eine Kaltwasserzuleitung 33, für das Waschbecken 7 eine Abflußleitung 5, eine Heißwasserzuleitung 9 und eine Kaltwasserzuleitung 8, für das Bidet 34 eine Abflußleitung 35, eine Heißwasserzuleitung 36 und eine Kaltwasserzuleitung 37 sowie für das Klosett 38 eine Abflußleitung 39 und eine Kaltwasserzuleitung 40 für den Spülkasten. Das dem Klosett 38 zugeordnete Wandelement 41 ist tiefer ausgebildet als die übrigen Wandelemente, damit in seinem Inneren der Spülkasten 42 untergebracht werden kann. Ausserdem sind in seinem Inneren noch die Heizungsleitungen verlegt, nämlich ein Warmwasservorlauf 43 und ein Warmwasserrücklauf 44. Darüberhinaus ist noch eine Lüftungsleitung 45 untergebracht. In Zusammenhang mit Fig. 1 wurde bereits erläutert, daß die horizontalen Leitungen, an welchen die oben einzeln aufgeführten Vertikalleitungen angeschlossen sind, in Kanälen oberhalb bzw. unterhalb jeder einzelnen Wandschale verlegt sind.The cell wall 30 opposite the wall 28 also consists of, but offset here, mutually arranged wall elements which have the vertical lines for the individual sanitary objects on the inside, namely a drain pipe 31 as well as a hot water supply line 32 and a cold water supply line 33 for the bathtub 26. for the sink 7 a drain line 5, a hot water supply line 9 and a cold water supply line 8, for the bidet 34 a drain line 35, a hot water supply line 36 and a cold water supply line 37, and for the toilet 38 a drain line 39 and a cold water supply line 40 for the cistern. The wall element 41 assigned to the toilet 38 is deeper than the other wall elements so that the cistern 42 can be accommodated in its interior. In addition, the heating lines, namely a hot water supply 43 and a hot water return 44, are also installed in its interior. In addition, a ventilation line 45 is also accommodated. In connection with FIG. 1, it has already been explained that the horizontal lines, to which the vertical lines listed above are connected, are laid in channels above or below each individual wall shell.

Die der Tür 27 gegenüberliegende Wand wird aus einfachen Wandschalen 4 gebildet, an deren Rückseite sich eine bauseits vorgesehene Mauer 46 befindet. Diese Wandschalen können daher an der Mauer 46 verankert oder auch von dieser unabhängisein. Letzteres bietet höheren Schall-und Feuerschutz. Wesentlich ist, daß mit Ausnahme des Wandelements 41, welches den Spülkasten aufnimmt, sämtliche Wandschalen mit der gleichen Tiefe ausgebildet sind, wobei die jeweiligen vertikalen Leitungen jeweils vollkommen innerhalb ihres C-förmigen Profils aufgenommen sind.The wall opposite the door 27 is formed from simple wall shells 4, on the back of which there is a wall provided by the customer 46 is located. These wall shells can therefore be anchored to the wall 46 or independent of it. The latter offers higher noise and fire protection. It is essential that, with the exception of the wall element 41, which receives the cistern, all the wall shells are of the same depth, the respective vertical lines being accommodated completely within their C-shaped profile.

Fig. 3 zeigt in natürlicher Größe den Deckenanschluß eines Wandelements mit einer Wandschale 4, einem darauf aufgesetzten Kanal 15 sowie einem Deckenelement 24. Wandschale und Deckenelement einschließlich dem Kanal 15 tragen in ihrem Inneren eine schalldämmende Isolierung 47 aus einem unbrennbaren Werkstoff wie z.B. Mineralwolle. Der Kanal 15 weicht im vorliegenden Fall von der Querschnittsform gemäß Fig. 1 insofern ab, als seine Rückwand 48 geradlinig ausläuft, so daß sie entsprechend dem verbleibenden Abstand zwischen der Oberkante 49 der Wandschale 4 und der Decke mehr oder weniger tief in das nach oben offene C-Profil der Wandschale eingeschoben werden kann, wodurch eine Anpassung eines Wandelements an die jeweilige Raumhöhe möglich ist. Die Befestigung des Kanals 15 an der Wandschale 4 erfolgt an der Rückseite mittels der Verschraubung 51, wobei die Wandschale 4 eine rückwärtig angeschweißte Verlängerung 52 aufweist, über welche die Rückwand 48 des Kanals 15 geschoben wird. Die Verschraubung 51 ist bei dieser Anordnung bei abgenommenen Deckel 23 des Kanals 15 vom Innenraum aus gut zugänglich. Die Schraube 50 dient der seitlichen Verbindung zweier Wandschalen.Fig. 3 shows in natural size the ceiling connection of a wall element with a wall shell 4, a channel 15 placed thereon and a ceiling element 24. The wall shell and ceiling element including the channel 15 carry in their interior a sound-absorbing insulation 47 made of an incombustible material such as e.g. Mineral wool. In the present case, the channel 15 deviates from the cross-sectional shape according to FIG. 1 in that its rear wall 48 extends in a straight line, so that it is more or less deep into the open top according to the remaining distance between the upper edge 49 of the wall shell 4 and the ceiling C-profile of the wall shell can be inserted, whereby an adaptation of a wall element to the respective room height is possible. The channel 15 is fastened to the wall shell 4 at the rear by means of the screw connection 51, the wall shell 4 having an extension 52 welded on to the rear, over which the rear wall 48 of the channel 15 is pushed. In this arrangement, the screw connection 51 is easily accessible from the interior with the cover 23 of the channel 15 removed. The screw 50 serves for the lateral connection of two wall shells.

Der Deckel 23 des Kanals 15 ist mit seiner Unterkante in einer Rinne 53 aufgenommen, die wiederum längs der Oberkante eines im oberen Bereich der Wandschale 4 befestigten Hohlprofils 54 ausgebildet ist, in welchem elektrische Leitungskabel 19 verlegt sind. Längs seiner Oberkante wird der Deckel 23 mittels einer im Kanalinneren befestigten Winkelschiene 55 abgestützt. Im Inneren des Kanals 15 sind, wie bereits in Zusammenhang mit Fig. 1 beschrieben, die horizontalen Leitungen aufgenommen, nämlich eine Heizungsleitung 56 als Warmwasservorlauf, eine Warmwasserleitung 57 und eine Kaltwasserleitung 58. Die Leitungen sind jeweils isoliert und in Abständen mittels Klammern 59, bzw. an den Verbindungsstellen mit den vertikalen Anschlüssen, gehalten.The lid 23 of the channel 15 is received with its lower edge in a groove 53, which in turn is formed along the upper edge of a hollow profile 54 fastened in the upper region of the wall shell 4, in which electrical cable 19 are laid. The cover 23 is supported along its upper edge by means of an angle rail 55 fastened in the interior of the channel. In the interior of the channel 15, as already described in connection with FIG. 1, the horizontal lines are accommodated, namely a heating line 56 as a hot water supply, a hot water line 57 and a cold water line 58. The lines are each insulated and at intervals by means of brackets 59 or at the connection points with the vertical connections.

Fig. 4 zeigt einen vertikalen Schnitt durch den bodenseitigen Anschluß eines Wandelements. An der Unterseite der Wandschale 4 ist ein Kanal 20 befestigt, der auf dem Boden 60 aufliegt, bzw. mit diesem verschraubt ist. Der Kanal 20 enthält eine Abflußleitung 61, die in Abständen auf Klötzen aufliegt, deren obere Schicht 62 aus Schaumstoff, z.B. Moltoprene, deren untere Schicht 63 aus unbrennbarem Kunststoff, wie Asbestzement besteht.Fig. 4 shows a vertical section through the bottom connection of a wall element. On the underside of the wall shell 4, a channel 20 is attached, which rests on the floor 60 or is screwed to it. The channel 20 contains a drain line 61 which is spaced at intervals on blocks whose upper layer 62 is made of foam, e.g. Moltoprene, the lower layer 63 of which is made of incombustible plastic, such as asbestos cement.

Ferner enthält der untere Kanal 20 hier noch eine Rücklaufleitung 64 für das Heizungssystem.The lower channel 20 also contains a return line 64 for the heating system.

Fig. 5 zeigt ebenfalls einen vertikalen Querschnitt durch den unteren Kanal eines Wandelements mit der im Inneren des Kanals verlaufenden Abflußleitung 61 sowie einem durch den Deckel 23 des Kanals hindurchtretenden Leitungsanschluß 65 für ein Bidet, welches mit einer Zuflußleitung 66 für Kalt- oder Warmwasser verbunden ist. Die Abflußleitung 61 ist über den Rohrbogen 67 mit dem Bidetabfluß verbunden.Fig. 5 also shows a vertical cross section through the lower channel of a wall element with the drain line 61 running inside the channel and a line connection 65 for a bidet passing through the cover 23 of the channel, which is connected to an inflow line 66 for cold or hot water . The drain line 61 is connected to the bidet drain via the pipe bend 67.

Claims (5)

1. A prefabricated wall element with sheet-metal ducts, which are accessible from the room end and are approximately C-shaped in cross section, for the reception of utility lines, particularly for the wet room, sanitary room, kitchen or the like, the ducts (15 ; 20) being closable with the aid of cover plates (23), characterised in that the wall element comprises a wall shell (4) which is approximately C-shaped in a horizontal cross section and is open towards the rear and consists of sheet metal, the vertical lines and line connections corresponding to the installation plan being fastened by pre-assembly in the hollow space of the wall shell (4) ; and in that the wall shell (4) is bounded at the top and bottom ends by respectively one horizontal duct (15, 20), whose dimension vertically to the wall surface corresponds approximately to the profile depth of the wall shell (4) ; and in that the wall shell (4) and the ducts (15 ; 20) are connected so as to form a supporting constructional unit.
2. A wall element as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the wall shell (4) and the cover plates (23) are dimensioned, in the structural module, in accordance with ceramic tiles conventional in the trade.
3. A wall element as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that at least the duct (15) at the top end, considered in cross section, has at the top thereof a horizontal leg and a vertical leg as the rear wall (48), thus allowing the duct, with its open underside, to be placed on the wall shell (4) in a telescope-like manner and, in the zone of the rear wall (48), to be screwed together with extensions (52) of the wall shell (4).
4. A wall element as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the profile depth of the wall shell (4) is approximately 66 mm.
5. A wall shell as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that there is provided a horizontal hollow rail (54) for the reception of electric lines, which rail is open towards one of the ducts (15 ; 20).
EP19800100364 1979-01-26 1980-01-24 Prefabricated wall element with built-in supply conduits, particularly for bathroom, sanitary room, kitchen or the like Expired EP0013987B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19792902967 DE2902967C2 (en) 1979-01-26 1979-01-26 Prefabricated wall element with piping for wet room, sanitary room, kitchen or the like.
DE2902967 1979-01-26

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0013987A1 EP0013987A1 (en) 1980-08-06
EP0013987B1 true EP0013987B1 (en) 1982-12-15

Family

ID=6061435

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19800100364 Expired EP0013987B1 (en) 1979-01-26 1980-01-24 Prefabricated wall element with built-in supply conduits, particularly for bathroom, sanitary room, kitchen or the like

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0013987B1 (en)
AT (1) AT370806B (en)
DE (1) DE2902967C2 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4324695A1 (en) * 2022-08-19 2024-02-21 Hymer GmbH & Co. KG Recreational vehicle comprising a wet cell and an assembly comprising a wall for the wet cell

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES266174Y (en) * 1982-06-30 1983-09-01 ONE PIECE FOR EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR FINISHES AND FINISHES IN BUILDING.
CH667121A5 (en) * 1985-03-08 1988-09-15 Geberit Ag HOLDING DEVICE FOR THE PRE-WALL MOUNTING OF SANITARY APPLIANCES, FITTINGS, PIPE PARTS AND PIPES.
DE4032257A1 (en) * 1990-10-11 1992-04-16 Mero Werke Kg INSTALLATION DEVICE
DE4315001A1 (en) * 1993-05-06 1993-10-14 Alfred Pistner Form work for clad building structures - has profiled channel sections built into blockwork accessed through cladding panels to provide connections to cables and conduits
DE29604245U1 (en) * 1996-03-07 1996-05-15 Zapf Gmbh & Co Precast concrete building
DE10008433A1 (en) * 2000-02-23 2001-09-06 Krueger & Schuette Kerapid Prefabricated installation and cladding elements comprise panels applied to wall and functional element in U or angle form fitted to wall panels to mount sanitary items.
GB2384011A (en) * 2002-01-09 2003-07-16 Martin John Williams Internal partition panel wall
DE102004030712B4 (en) * 2004-06-25 2008-03-06 Josef Blome Kit for covering and piping sanitary facilities
DE102010007703A1 (en) * 2010-02-10 2011-08-11 DORMA GmbH + Co. KG, 58256 sanitary facilities
DE102016107254B4 (en) * 2015-04-20 2020-06-18 Daniel Feyerlein Wall system

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1463161A (en) * 1965-11-10 1966-06-03 Shower room made up of molded elements with sanitary or other equipment incorporated
NL6805811A (en) * 1968-04-24 1969-10-28
DE2007087A1 (en) * 1970-02-17 1971-11-11 Korn, Leopold, Wien Precast panel with services duct
DE2249788A1 (en) * 1972-10-06 1974-04-11 Autokino Bau Gmbh Prefabricated toilet unit with wash basin - is upright U section with basin at front and preassembled pref. foam insulated piping behind
DE2325092A1 (en) * 1973-05-17 1975-11-20 Automated Construction Ind Inc Prefabrication of moulded building panels contg. fittings - to standardise modular assembly and servicing
FR2370134A2 (en) * 1976-11-09 1978-06-02 Empereur Freres Sa Sanitary fitting installation equipment - has frame supporting panels hooked into place with profiled columns fixed to wall

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4324695A1 (en) * 2022-08-19 2024-02-21 Hymer GmbH & Co. KG Recreational vehicle comprising a wet cell and an assembly comprising a wall for the wet cell

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATA40380A (en) 1982-09-15
DE2902967C2 (en) 1982-12-30
EP0013987A1 (en) 1980-08-06
AT370806B (en) 1983-05-10
DE2902967A1 (en) 1980-07-31

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE2361164A1 (en) METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CREATING BUILDINGS
EP3527731B1 (en) Sanitary wall module and method for setting up a sanitary wall
EP0013987B1 (en) Prefabricated wall element with built-in supply conduits, particularly for bathroom, sanitary room, kitchen or the like
EP0461077B1 (en) Installation block for a sanitary device
DE2912029A1 (en) INNER FRAME FORMWORK FOR THE VERTICAL WALL OF ROOMS WITH SANITARY LINES
DE19639770C2 (en) Process and kit for cladding and piping of sanitary rooms
DE4131683A1 (en) Sanitary facility for addition to old buildings - Pre-fabricated shower, WC and hand basin unit which is assembled on site
EP0495238B1 (en) Building elements set for circular showers
DE4124460C2 (en) Installation block
DE2603361A1 (en) Standardised component for building renovation sanitary units - has prefabricated framework and block with interlocking attachment and auxiliary elements
DE7203557U (en) PREFABRICATED SANITARY BLOCK
EP0662546A2 (en) Assembly block for fixing sanitary apparatus and/or sanitary installations to a wall
DE4401086C2 (en) Process for pre-wall installation of sanitary objects as well as holding element and installation wall for carrying out the process
EP0057169A1 (en) Prefabricated plumbing building element
DE3103511C2 (en) Sanitary appliance which is arranged on a turntable which can be rotated about its vertical central axis
DE3043136A1 (en) Prefab. wall section with sanitary and service fittings - has recessed bonded foam heat insulating panels joined to cover and load-bearing panel
EP0723757A1 (en) Supporting system for bath tubs or shower tubs
DE4031923A1 (en) Shower cubicle with three prefabricated walls - has two attachments on room wall flush with two attachments on floor
DE8421785U1 (en) INSTALLATION SHAFT
DE3431424A1 (en) Position-retaining means for supply devices to be installed in a masonry structure
DE8030574U1 (en) WALL ELEMENT TO CREATE AN INSTALLATION WALL
DE19855066C1 (en) Connection system for water/inflow pipes on the renovation of multi-story modular buildings has bridge holder channels at the wall openings and/or across building traffic zones for flexibility with various floor plans
DE2461218A1 (en) PRE-FABRICATED MODULES AND ARRANGEMENT OF SEVERAL PRE-FABRICATED MODULES
DE3426831A1 (en) PRE-PREPARED WALL AND CEILING PANELS COMPOSITION SYSTEM FOR SHIPS AND SIMILAR BUILDINGS
DE617504C (en) Procedure for installing installation parts in buildings

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): BE CH FR GB

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19810205

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): BE CH FR GB

ET Fr: translation filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19840305

Year of fee payment: 5

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 19840321

Year of fee payment: 5

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 19840331

Year of fee payment: 5

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Effective date: 19850131

Ref country code: BE

Effective date: 19850131

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: MECHEL KURT

Effective date: 19850124

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19850930

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19881118

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT