EP0013240B1 - Antenne commune pour radar primaire et radar secondaire - Google Patents

Antenne commune pour radar primaire et radar secondaire Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0013240B1
EP0013240B1 EP79401063A EP79401063A EP0013240B1 EP 0013240 B1 EP0013240 B1 EP 0013240B1 EP 79401063 A EP79401063 A EP 79401063A EP 79401063 A EP79401063 A EP 79401063A EP 0013240 B1 EP0013240 B1 EP 0013240B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reflector
slots
cavities
accordance
antenna
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP79401063A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0013240A1 (fr
Inventor
Albert Dupressoir
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales SA
Original Assignee
Thomson CSF SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomson CSF SA filed Critical Thomson CSF SA
Priority to AT79401063T priority Critical patent/ATE1686T1/de
Publication of EP0013240A1 publication Critical patent/EP0013240A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0013240B1 publication Critical patent/EP0013240B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/001—Crossed polarisation dual antennas

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a common antenna for primary radar and secondary radar.
  • a primary radar antenna and a secondary radar antenna can be carried out in two different ways.
  • the antenna of the secondary radar is distinct from the antenna of the primary radar; the antennas installed in this way are essentially of the "beam" type.
  • the secondary radar antenna is integrated with the primary radar antenna, thus realizing a true dual-function primary radar and secondary radar antenna.
  • a dual-function antenna for primary and secondary radars is generally constituted by a single mirror supplied in such a way that it is able to radiate energy in space in order to detect a target or an aircraft, this is what called the primary radar function, and also to send an interrogation signal to this aircraft, which has on board a transponder automatically sending its response, this is called the secondary radar function.
  • this antenna is constituted by a single reflector, parabolic, illuminated by a primary source emitting a wave according to a first radiation diagram and also constituted by a linear network of radiating elements placed along a director of the reflector, and emitting a wave according to a second radiation diagram.
  • This second antenna formed by the network can radiate according to a "sum” diagram or a “difference” diagram which can be used as primary and secondary radars.
  • These radiating elements can be unipoles, dipoles or slots produced in triplate technology.
  • control means comprising radiating elements acting on the reception of the interrogation by the interrogated answering machine and on the reception of the latter's response by the receiver concerned are added to the single antenna considered. which radiate according to an almost omnidirectional diagram whose level is such that it covers the secondary lobes of the diagram radiated by the main antenna.
  • This arrangement makes it possible by comparison, made in the associated circuits, of the amplitude of the pulses received from the responder and those of control, to determine the pulse received in response to the interrogation by the main lobe.
  • control means intended to produce this control diagram and which act on the emission of an interrogation signal and on the reception of a response signal from a target interrogated must be such as the gain of the associated control is greater than that of the interrogation and reception channels in the angular zones comprising secondary lobes of the directive interrogation diagram but much weaker in the direction of their main lobe.
  • control means consist of radiating elements, wave radiators, whose radiation diagram is of the omnidirectional type, placed either on the near mirror. from the phase center or from the upper part of the reflector; they can also consist of the source of emission of the interrogation signal supplied for a determined time to reveal a radiation diagram of the difference type whereas the diagram according to which the interrogation takes place is a diagram of the sum type.
  • the radiation pattern of the control means does not fully play its role, either because it is not completely omnidirectional, or because certain high-level side lobes of the directive main diagram are not covered and also because in some cases, the main lobe itself, whose level is a little low, may be suffocated by the omni-directional diagram.
  • the control diagrams can be disturbed by certain exterior arrangements, such as the radomes under which the antennas are placed.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a common antenna for primary radar and secondary radar comprising a single reflector illuminated by a primary source acting as a source of transmission-reception of the function of the primary radar and also comprising, along '' a director D of the reflector, a network of radiating slots producing the food source both the interrogation channel of the secondary radar, channel whose radiation diagram is of the "sum" or "even” type, each of these slots being associated with a resonant cavity, totally integrated in the reflector and comprising excitation means, characterized in that the reflector and the cavities associated with the slots are made from a dielectric material covered by a glass fiber fabric carrying covered metallic wires, these metallic wires being crossed over the entire surface of the reflector and inside cavities, except in front of the slots where they are arranged in the direction of polarization of the source of the primary radar.
  • the slots are arranged on a horizontal director.
  • the section of the reflector of the primary radar antenna can be circular, elliptical or rectangular.
  • the primary radar detects aircraft in particular by their direction relative to the radar and their distance, and the secondary radar interrogates them, answering machines provided for this purpose on board the aircraft, sending information to the interrogator on the ground. altitude, their identity, their speed, etc ...
  • the interrogation by the secondary radar of the aircraft being done in the direction of the aircraft detected by the primary radar, it is advantageous, either to couple the antennas of the two radars, or to use only one and the same antenna capable of fulfilling the two functions which have been defined.
  • the primary radar-secondary radar system has drawbacks which affect its proper functioning and its performance.
  • the radiation diagram of the secondary radar has, in addition to a main lobe which transmits the interrogation and receives the response from the aircraft questioned, secondary lobes the level of which may be sufficient for a responder to be triggered which may either belong to the aircraft really questioned, that is, to be the responder of another aircraft.
  • the method which has been adopted consists in covering these lateral lobes by an omnidirectional diagram, created from so-called control elements which in fact are a separate antenna called control antenna, or also by a diagram of the so-called difference type , it can be created from the interrogation channel supplied adequately.
  • a linear array is formed in the antenna reflector of the primary radar, along one of its guidelines passing through the phase center of the antenna to have a larger span. radiant slots.
  • the choice of the director of the reflector depends on the plane of deposit determined for the propagation.
  • the fact of having the network on one of the central guidelines of the reflector makes it possible to have a large number of slots therefore a good resolution.
  • Each slot is associated with a cavity excited by an element for example of the plunger or cross-bar type, in which are created the resonance phenomena of certain, modes as well as well-known radiation phenomena.
  • an association is described in the Swiss patent CH.A.328 923.
  • the integration of the secondary antenna in the reflector of the primary antenna has the advantage of avoiding an increase in the volume of the primary antenna, therefore of weight and wind resistance.
  • the drive mechanism of the device remains relatively simple and of small volume, which is particularly convenient in weapon systems.
  • FIG. 1 schematically represents a sectional view of a common antenna reflector 1 for primary and secondary radar, comprising a linear network 2 of radiating slots 2 j , i varying from 1 to n with n representing the total number of slots of the network.
  • the slots are arranged along a direction D preferably over the entire opening of the reflector 1.
  • the pitch h of the grating is of the order of 0.6 to 0.8 A in a preferred embodiment.
  • the reflector 1 is made of dielectric 3 - of glass mat impregnated with epoxy-covered by a fabric 4 of glass fibers carrying metallic wires 40 and 41 crossed. These wires are generally made of thin copper.
  • the covering of the metallic threads with glass fibers allows the fabric to have a uniform elasticity.
  • the cavities are filled with dielectric 3.
  • the exciting elements 6 of these cavities 5 1 ⁇ of the plunger or cross-bar type ⁇ are inserted into .Ie dielectric 3 filling the cavities and comprising a coaxial base 7 allowing the adaptation between the cavities 5, and the coaxial lines 8 which connect them to a power divider system 9 placed on the back of the reflector 1.
  • This power divider 9 which may be constituted by distributors, is connected by a microwave link line to a conventional interrogator-receiver assembly, not shown in FIG. 1.
  • the rear of the reflector is protected by a waterproof cover 10, made of dielectric 3.
  • this control channel is equipped with one or more additional elements radiating towards the rear.
  • the cavities 12 associated with the slots 2, and 11 are excited to give respectively a directional radiation diagram of the "sum" type for the interrogation channel. -reception and a “difference" type diagram for the control channel.
  • the slots of the control channel whether they radiate towards the front or towards the rear of the reflector 1, are divided into two equal groups, excited in phase opposition, thanks to phase shifters of ⁇ located in the power divider 9 .
  • the terminals 130 and 140 of the phase shifter 15 are inputs.
  • FIG. 3 gives the shape of the radiation diagram of the "sum” or “even” type of the interrogation channel of the secondary radar function, in the plane bearing identified by the abscissa axes ⁇ ⁇ bearing angle ⁇ and ordinate G-gain in dB. It has a width L at -3 dB of the main lobe 18 linked to the desired gain in the direction of the maximum radiation, also linked to low lateral lobe levels 19 which are not very high and finally to a diffuse radiation level, represented by the lobes 20 , as low as possible.
  • Figure 4 shows the overlap of a directive diagram I of the interrogation-reception channel tion by a C diagram of the difference type control channel.
  • the axis of the crevice 21 of the difference diagram C is the same as that of the main lobe 18 of the sum diagram I.
  • the side lobes 19 of the radiation diagram of the primary radar are covered by the radiation diagram of the control channel C.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Support Of Aerials (AREA)
EP79401063A 1978-12-27 1979-12-21 Antenne commune pour radar primaire et radar secondaire Expired EP0013240B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT79401063T ATE1686T1 (de) 1978-12-27 1979-12-21 Gemeinsame antenne fuer primaer- und sekundaerradar.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7836484 1978-12-27
FR7836484A FR2445629A1 (fr) 1978-12-27 1978-12-27 Antenne commune pour radar primaire et radar secondaire

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0013240A1 EP0013240A1 (fr) 1980-07-09
EP0013240B1 true EP0013240B1 (fr) 1982-10-20

Family

ID=9216582

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP79401063A Expired EP0013240B1 (fr) 1978-12-27 1979-12-21 Antenne commune pour radar primaire et radar secondaire

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US4284991A (ja)
EP (1) EP0013240B1 (ja)
JP (1) JPS6034070B2 (ja)
AT (1) ATE1686T1 (ja)
DE (1) DE2963910D1 (ja)
DK (1) DK549779A (ja)
FR (1) FR2445629A1 (ja)
NO (1) NO794240L (ja)

Families Citing this family (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1166889B (it) * 1979-06-14 1987-05-06 Contraves Italiana Spa Disposizione d'antenne integrate per apparecchiature radar che permette la contemporanea generazione di due o piu' diagrammi d'irradiazione uno diverso dall'altro
DE3170227D1 (en) * 1980-01-28 1985-06-05 Thomson Csf Common antenna for primary radar and secondary radar
GB2089133A (en) * 1980-12-03 1982-06-16 Marconi Co Ltd Secondary radar antenna
JPS57125864A (en) * 1981-01-29 1982-08-05 Toshiba Corp Antenna device
FR2510265B1 (fr) * 1981-07-24 1985-09-13 Biolley Alain Dispositif de visee pour telemetrie et ecartometrie
GB8501225D0 (en) * 1985-01-17 1985-02-20 Cossor Electronics Ltd Antenna
US4833485A (en) * 1985-05-17 1989-05-23 The Marconi Company Limited Radar antenna array
EP0237110A1 (en) * 1986-03-05 1987-09-16 THORN EMI Electronics Limited Direction-finding antenna system
US4907008A (en) * 1988-04-01 1990-03-06 Andrew Corporation Antenna for transmitting circularly polarized television signals
US6225955B1 (en) * 1995-06-30 2001-05-01 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Dual-mode, common-aperture antenna system
US6054963A (en) * 1996-02-27 2000-04-25 Thomson Licensing S.A. Folded bow-tie antenna
US7126553B1 (en) * 2003-10-02 2006-10-24 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Deployable antenna
US20070080455A1 (en) * 2005-10-11 2007-04-12 International Business Machines Corporation Semiconductors and methods of making
US7863183B2 (en) * 2006-01-18 2011-01-04 International Business Machines Corporation Method for fabricating last level copper-to-C4 connection with interfacial cap structure
US7532163B2 (en) * 2007-02-13 2009-05-12 Raytheon Company Conformal electronically scanned phased array antenna and communication system for helmets and other platforms
US20170323239A1 (en) 2016-05-06 2017-11-09 General Electric Company Constrained time computing control system to simulate and optimize aircraft operations with dynamic thermodynamic state and asset utilization attainment
WO2020033000A2 (en) 2018-02-09 2020-02-13 Avx Corporation Dome-shaped phased array antenna
EP3724951A4 (en) 2018-02-09 2021-08-18 AVX Corporation TUBULAR PHASE CONTROLLED GROUP ANTENNA

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH328923A (de) * 1955-05-18 1958-03-31 Standard Telephon & Radio Ag Antennen-Überwachungsvorrichtung
US3039098A (en) * 1959-09-21 1962-06-12 Hughes Aircraft Co Finite focus wave energy antenna array
NL6704219A (ja) * 1967-03-22 1968-09-23
US3701158A (en) * 1970-01-22 1972-10-24 Motorola Inc Dual mode wave energy transducer device
FR2284997A1 (fr) * 1974-09-13 1976-04-09 Thomson Csf Antenne commune pour radar primaire et radar secondaire avec moyens de controle de l'interrogation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2963910D1 (en) 1982-11-25
JPS5590876A (en) 1980-07-09
ATE1686T1 (de) 1982-11-15
US4284991A (en) 1981-08-18
DK549779A (da) 1980-06-28
FR2445629A1 (fr) 1980-07-25
NO794240L (no) 1980-06-30
FR2445629B1 (ja) 1982-06-18
JPS6034070B2 (ja) 1985-08-06
EP0013240A1 (fr) 1980-07-09

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