EP0013012B1 - Device for applying a lubricant to a metallic plastically deformable part - Google Patents

Device for applying a lubricant to a metallic plastically deformable part Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0013012B1
EP0013012B1 EP19790105306 EP79105306A EP0013012B1 EP 0013012 B1 EP0013012 B1 EP 0013012B1 EP 19790105306 EP19790105306 EP 19790105306 EP 79105306 A EP79105306 A EP 79105306A EP 0013012 B1 EP0013012 B1 EP 0013012B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lubricant
vessel
outlet port
applying
metallic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19790105306
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0013012A1 (en
Inventor
Harri Dr.-Ing. Weinhold
Heinz-Rüdiger Dr. Vogel
Bernhard Kurze
Joachim Dr.-Ing. Schlegel
Dieter Rauschenbach
Roland Hering
Peter Werner
Heinz Wünsch
Gerhard Bortfeld
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR
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Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DD21003278A external-priority patent/DD147205A1/en
Priority claimed from DD21002878A external-priority patent/DD147209A1/en
Priority claimed from DD21741879A external-priority patent/DD146793A1/en
Application filed by Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR filed Critical Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR
Publication of EP0013012A1 publication Critical patent/EP0013012A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0013012B1 publication Critical patent/EP0013012B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C9/00—Cooling, heating or lubricating drawing material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C3/00—Profiling tools for metal drawing; Combinations of dies and mandrels
    • B21C3/02—Dies; Selection of material therefor; Cleaning thereof
    • B21C3/12—Die holders; Rotating dies
    • B21C3/14—Die holders combined with devices for guiding the drawing material or combined with devices for cooling heating, or lubricating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device of the type specified in claim 1.
  • the metal forming material is intended for cold forming, for example for drawing with hydrodynamic lubrication.
  • Lubricants that are solid or semi-solid at room temperature, such as calcium stearate, soft soap or beeswax, can be used.
  • wires, profiles or pipes can be processed as forming material.
  • Solid, semi-solid and liquid lubricants or lubricants are used for cold forming of metallic materials by drawing, with which an order is generated on the drawn material.
  • Solid lubricants are mainly processed in powder form.
  • the drawn material is covered with a backing layer, e.g. a phosphate layer or the surface of the drawing material is roughened.
  • a backing layer e.g. a phosphate layer or the surface of the drawing material is roughened.
  • the known method of applying the order from solid or semi-solid lubricants has some major shortcomings.
  • the application of the carrier layers mentioned or the roughening of the surface of the drawing material is very complex.
  • a sufficiently homogeneous lubricant coating is not guaranteed for solid, powdery lubricants, even with existing carrier layers.
  • the lubricating rollers stop or there is a difference between their peripheral speed and the wire speed, the lubricating rollers cause the lubricant to be wiped off the drawn material.
  • the defects inherent in the known method lead to malfunctions in the supply of lubricant to the drawing die and thus to a poor surface quality of the formed drawing stock, to cold welding between the drawing stock and drawing die, to high drawing forces and to low possible decreases and drawing speeds.
  • the invention is based on the prior art given in FR-A-1139790.
  • the lubricant liquefied under external pressure is applied to the material to be formed.
  • the material to be formed leaves the coating room with a film of lubricant that has a liquid consistency until the immediately following forming process.
  • the liquid lubricant wipes off almost completely in the first drawing die, so that additional drawing strips require new coatings.
  • the invention is based on the object of designing a device of the type specified in such a way that a firmly adhering, homogeneous, uninterrupted lubricant layer is ensured which permits several subsequent cold forming operations.
  • Embodiments of the invention result from the dependent subclaims 2 to 4.
  • the invention makes it possible to combine the advantages of solid lubricants, which can also be used for drawing higher-strength materials due to their high dynamic viscosity, with the advantages of liquid or semi-solid lubricants, which ensure a homogeneous application of lubricant.
  • the application according to the invention can be used in continuous multi-stage drawing processes.
  • the homogeneous lubricant layer applied to the material to be formed ensures stable drawing conditions and the resulting advantages.
  • the application of the lubricant provided according to the invention using the working dies allows at the same time a very effective reshaping, in particular in the case of multiple pulling and in pressure-drawing tools with several working dies.
  • a closed container in the form of a coating chamber 1 is connected via a lubricant supply line 2 to a charging and pressure generating device 3, which presses a lubricant 4 into the coating chamber 1 by means of hydraulically operated compressor pistons (not shown).
  • the coating chamber 1 is provided with a heating jacket 5, so that the originally solid lubricant 4 liquefies under the action of pressure and heat.
  • the liquefied lubricant 4 transports the material to be formed 6, which is introduced into the coating chamber 1 through an inlet nozzle 7 and out through an outlet nozzle 8.
  • the inlet nozzle 7 is dimensioned according to the cross-sectional dimensions of the material to be formed 6 in such a way that no lubricant emerges from the nozzle.
  • the opening of the outlet nozzle 8 is funnel-shaped and has the cross-sectional dimensions of the material to be formed 6 at the narrowest point, plus the oversize for the desired lubricant film thickness.
  • Both nozzles 7; 8 are each extended by an approach 9. These approaches 9 can be heated or cooled by means of coils 10. Depending on whether the lugs 9 are cooled or heated, the lubricant is present in the batch in solid or liquid form, as a result of which the lugs can be used as a valve. To ensure adequate functioning of the lugs 9, they are connected to the heated coating chamber 1 via a heat accumulation section 11. As a lubricant Material 4 is in the coating chamber 1 liquefied calcium stearate at a temperature of 150 ° C and a pressure of 10 at. The material to be formed 6 emerging from the device has a firmly adhering, homogeneous and continuous lubricant film.
  • an inlet ring 15, two working dies 16; are in a housing consisting of a steel body 12, an adapter sleeve 13 and a pressure nut 14; 17 and a pressure ring 18 arranged in a row.
  • the pressure chambers are connected to one another via channels 22.
  • the pressure chamber 21 present between the last working die 17 and the pressure ring 18 opens into a conical inlet 23 and this into a cylindrical guide part 24.
  • a material to be formed 25 is drawn through the device in the form of a wire, which has a solid lubricant made of calcium stearate.
  • the lubricant entering the first pressure chamber 19 is liquefied therein and partly automatically via the channels 22 to the other pressure chambers 20; 21 fed.
  • the inlet ring 15 has the task of guiding the lubricant in the direction of the channels 22 and preventing the lubricant from flowing back out of the first pressure chamber 19.
  • the lubricant is used for forming by the second working die 17, and in the third pressure chamber 21 it serves to coat the material 25 to be formed.
  • the cylindrical guide part 24 places the thickness of the lubricant film on the outgoing wire 25 for forming in further downstream drawing stages firmly.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Vorrichtung der im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Gattung. Das metallische Umformgut ist zur Kaltumformung vorgesehen, beispielsweise zum Ziehen mit hydrodynamischer Schmierung. Es können Schmierstoffe verwendet werden, die bei Raumtemperatur fest oder halbfest sind, wie beispielsweise Kalziumstearat, Schmierseife oder Bienenwachs. Als Umformgut können beispielsweise Drähte, Profile oder Rohre verarbeitet werden.The invention relates to a device of the type specified in claim 1. The metal forming material is intended for cold forming, for example for drawing with hydrodynamic lubrication. Lubricants that are solid or semi-solid at room temperature, such as calcium stearate, soft soap or beeswax, can be used. For example, wires, profiles or pipes can be processed as forming material.

Zum Kaltumformen metallischer Werkstoffe durch Ziehen werden feste, halbfeste und flüssige Schmierstoffe bzw. Schmiermittel eingesetzt, mit denen auf dem Ziehgut ein Auftrag erzeugt wird. Feste Schmierstoffe werden vorwiegend pulverförmig verarbeitet. Zur besseren Haftung pulverförmiger Schmierstoffe wird das Ziehgut vor dem Ziehen mit einer Trägerschicht, z.B. einer Phosphatschicht versehen oder die Ziehgutoberfläche wird aufgerauht. Zum Aufbringen des Schmierstoffes ist es u.a. bereits bekannt, dass Ziehgut unmittelbar vor dem Eintritt in den Ziehstein durch einen Kasten zu führen, in dem sich ein fester Schmierstoff befindet. Innerhalb des Schmierstoffes läuft dabei das Ziehgut durch Schmierrollen, welche den Schmierstoff im festen Zustand an das Ziehgut andrücken. Das bekannte Verfahren des Aufbringens des Auftrages aus festen oder halbfesten Schmierstoffen ist mit einigen wesentlichen Mängeln behaftet. So ist das Aufbringen der erwähnten Trägerschichten oder das Aufrauhen der Ziehgutoberfläche sehr aufwendig. Ausserdem ist bei festen pulvrigen Schmierstoffen selbst bei vorhandenen Trägerschichten ein ausreichend homogener Schmierstoffüberzug nicht garantiert. Hinzu kommt, dass die Schmierrollen im Falle des Stehenbleibens bzw. einer Differenz zwischen ihrer Umfangsgeschwindigkeit und der Drahtgeschwindigkeit ein Abstreifen des Schmierstoffes vom Ziehgut bewirken. Die dem bekannten Verfahren anhaftenden Mängel führen zu Störungen bei der Schmierstoffzufuhr in das Ziehhol und dadurch zu einer schlechten Oberflächenqualität des umgeformten Ziehgutes, zu Kaltverschweissungen zwischen Ziehgut und Ziehstein, zu hohen Ziehkräften und zu geringen möglichen Abnahmen und Ziehgeschwindigkeiten.Solid, semi-solid and liquid lubricants or lubricants are used for cold forming of metallic materials by drawing, with which an order is generated on the drawn material. Solid lubricants are mainly processed in powder form. For better adhesion of powdered lubricants, the drawn material is covered with a backing layer, e.g. a phosphate layer or the surface of the drawing material is roughened. To apply the lubricant, it is Already known to lead the drawing material immediately before entering the drawing die through a box in which there is a solid lubricant. Within the lubricant, the drawing material runs through lubricating rollers which press the lubricant against the drawing material in the solid state. The known method of applying the order from solid or semi-solid lubricants has some major shortcomings. Thus, the application of the carrier layers mentioned or the roughening of the surface of the drawing material is very complex. In addition, a sufficiently homogeneous lubricant coating is not guaranteed for solid, powdery lubricants, even with existing carrier layers. In addition, if the lubricating rollers stop or there is a difference between their peripheral speed and the wire speed, the lubricating rollers cause the lubricant to be wiped off the drawn material. The defects inherent in the known method lead to malfunctions in the supply of lubricant to the drawing die and thus to a poor surface quality of the formed drawing stock, to cold welding between the drawing stock and drawing die, to high drawing forces and to low possible decreases and drawing speeds.

Die Erfindung geht von dem in der FR-A-1139790 gegebenen Stand der Technik aus. Bei dieser Vorrichtung wird der unter äusserem Druck verflüssigte Schmierstoff auf das Umformgut aufgebracht. Offensichtlich verlässt das Umformgut den Beschichtungsraum mit einem Schmierstofffilm, der in flüssiger Konsistenz bis zum unmittelbar anschliessenden Umformprozess vorliegt. Der flüssige Schmierstoff streift sich bereits im ersten Ziehstein nahezu vollständig ab, so dass weitere Ziehstreifen erneute Beschichtungen erfordern.The invention is based on the prior art given in FR-A-1139790. In this device, the lubricant liquefied under external pressure is applied to the material to be formed. Obviously, the material to be formed leaves the coating room with a film of lubricant that has a liquid consistency until the immediately following forming process. The liquid lubricant wipes off almost completely in the first drawing die, so that additional drawing strips require new coatings.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung der angegebenen Gattung so zu gestalten, dass eine festhaftende, homogene, ununterbrochene Schmierstoffschicht gewährleistet ist, die mehrere nachfolgende Kaltumformungen erlaubt.The invention is based on the object of designing a device of the type specified in such a way that a firmly adhering, homogeneous, uninterrupted lubricant layer is ensured which permits several subsequent cold forming operations.

Diese Aufgabe wird nach der Erfindung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved according to the invention with the features of claim 1.

Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Unteransprüchen 2 bis 4.Embodiments of the invention result from the dependent subclaims 2 to 4.

Die Erfindung gestattet es, die Vorteile der festen Schmierstoffe, die auf Grund ihrer hohen dynamischen Viskosität auch für das Ziehen von höherfesten Werkstoffen eingesetzt werden können, mit den Vorteilen der flüssigen oder halbfesten Schmiermittel, die einen homogenen Schmiermittelauftrag gewährleisten, zu vereinen. Das erfindungsgemässe Aufbringen ist bei kontinuierlichen mehrstufigen Ziehverfahren einsetzbar. Die auf dem Umformgut aufgebrachte homogene Schmierstoffschicht gewährleistet stabile Ziehverhältnisse und die daraus sich ergebenden Vorteile. Das erfindungsgemäss unter Verwendung der Arbeitsziehsteine vorgesehene Auftragen des Schmierstoffes gestattet gleichzeitig eine sehr effektive Umformung, insbesondere beim Mehrfachzug und bei Druckziehwerkzeugen mit mehreren Arbeitsziehsteinen.The invention makes it possible to combine the advantages of solid lubricants, which can also be used for drawing higher-strength materials due to their high dynamic viscosity, with the advantages of liquid or semi-solid lubricants, which ensure a homogeneous application of lubricant. The application according to the invention can be used in continuous multi-stage drawing processes. The homogeneous lubricant layer applied to the material to be formed ensures stable drawing conditions and the resulting advantages. The application of the lubricant provided according to the invention using the working dies allows at the same time a very effective reshaping, in particular in the case of multiple pulling and in pressure-drawing tools with several working dies.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. In den zugehörigen Zeichnungen zeigen:

  • Fig. 1: in Schnittdarstellung eine Vorrichtung zum Auftragen fester Schmierstoffe
  • Fig. 2: in Schnittdarstellung eine Vorrichtung zum Auftragen fester Schmierstoffe bei gleichzeitiger Umformung.
The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments. In the accompanying drawings:
  • Fig. 1: in section a device for applying solid lubricants
  • Fig. 2: in section a device for applying solid lubricants with simultaneous forming.

Bei der in Fig. 1 schematisch dargestellten Vorrichtung ist ein geschlossener Behälter in Form einer Beschichtungskammer 1 über eine Schmierstoffzuführungsleitung 2 mit einer Beschickungs-und Druckerzeugungseinrichtung 3 verbunden, welche einen Schmierstoff 4 mittels nicht dargestellter hydraulisch betriebener Verdichterkolben in die Beschichtungskammer 1 drückt. Die Beschichtungskammer 1 ist mit einem Heizmantel 5 versehen, so dass sich der ursprünglich feste Schmierstoff 4 unter der Einwirkung von Druck und Wärme verflüssigt. Durch den verflüssigten Schmierstoff 4 wird das Umformgut 6 transportiert, welches durch eine Einlaufdüse 7 in die Beschichtungskammer 1 ein- und durch eine Auslaufdüse 8 herausgeführt wird. Die Einlaufdüse 7 ist den Querschnittsabmessungen des Umformgutes 6 entsprechend so bemessen, dass kein Schmierstoff aus der Düse austritt. Die Öffnung der Auslaufdüse 8 ist trichterförmig ausgebildet und hat an der engsten Stelle die Querschnittsabmessungen des Umformgutes 6, zuzüglich des Aufmasses für die gewünschte Schmierstoffilmdicke. Beide Düsen 7; 8 sind durch jeweils einen Ansatz 9 verlängert. Diese Ansätze 9 sind mittels Rohrschlangen 10 heiz- oder kühlbar. Je nachdem, ob die Ansätze 9 gekühlt oder erwärmt werden, liegt in dem Ansatz der Schmierstoff fest oder flüssig vor, wodurch die Ansätze als Ventil genutzt werden können. Zur Gewährleistung einer ausreichenden Funktion der Ansätze 9 sind diese über eine Wärmestaustrecke 11 mit der beheizten Beschichtungskammer 1 verbunden. Als Schmierstoff 4 befindet sich in der Beschichtungskammer 1 verflüssigtes Kalziumstearat bei einer Temperatur von 150°C und einem Druck von 10 at. Das aus der Vorrichtung austretende Umformgut 6 weist einen festhaftenden, homogenen und kontinuierlichen Schmierstoffilm auf.In the device shown schematically in FIG. 1, a closed container in the form of a coating chamber 1 is connected via a lubricant supply line 2 to a charging and pressure generating device 3, which presses a lubricant 4 into the coating chamber 1 by means of hydraulically operated compressor pistons (not shown). The coating chamber 1 is provided with a heating jacket 5, so that the originally solid lubricant 4 liquefies under the action of pressure and heat. The liquefied lubricant 4 transports the material to be formed 6, which is introduced into the coating chamber 1 through an inlet nozzle 7 and out through an outlet nozzle 8. The inlet nozzle 7 is dimensioned according to the cross-sectional dimensions of the material to be formed 6 in such a way that no lubricant emerges from the nozzle. The opening of the outlet nozzle 8 is funnel-shaped and has the cross-sectional dimensions of the material to be formed 6 at the narrowest point, plus the oversize for the desired lubricant film thickness. Both nozzles 7; 8 are each extended by an approach 9. These approaches 9 can be heated or cooled by means of coils 10. Depending on whether the lugs 9 are cooled or heated, the lubricant is present in the batch in solid or liquid form, as a result of which the lugs can be used as a valve. To ensure adequate functioning of the lugs 9, they are connected to the heated coating chamber 1 via a heat accumulation section 11. As a lubricant Material 4 is in the coating chamber 1 liquefied calcium stearate at a temperature of 150 ° C and a pressure of 10 at. The material to be formed 6 emerging from the device has a firmly adhering, homogeneous and continuous lubricant film.

Bei der in Fig. 2 dargestellten Vorrichtung sind in einem Gehäuse, bestehend aus einem Stahlkörper 12, einer Spannhülse 13 und einer Druckmutter 14, ein Einlaufring 15, zwei Arbeitsziehsteine 16; 17 und ein Druckring 18 aneinandergereiht angeordnet. Zwischen den im Gehäuse angeordneten Teilen besteht jeweils ein Druckraum 19; 20; 21. Die Druckräume sind über Kanäle 22 miteinander verbunden. Der zwischen dem letzten Arbeitsziehstein 17 und dem Druckring 18 vorhandene Druckraum 21 mündet in einen konischen Einlauf 23 und dieser in ein zylindrisches Führungsteil 24.In the device shown in FIG. 2, an inlet ring 15, two working dies 16; are in a housing consisting of a steel body 12, an adapter sleeve 13 and a pressure nut 14; 17 and a pressure ring 18 arranged in a row. There is a pressure chamber 19 between each of the parts arranged in the housing; 20; 21. The pressure chambers are connected to one another via channels 22. The pressure chamber 21 present between the last working die 17 and the pressure ring 18 opens into a conical inlet 23 and this into a cylindrical guide part 24.

Durch die Vorrichtung wird ein Umformgut 25 in Form eines Drahtes gezogen, das mit einem festen Schmierstoff aus Kalziumstearat behaftet ist. Der in den ersten Druckraum 19 gelangende Schmierstoff wird darin verflüssigt und selbsttätig teilweise über die Kanäle 22 den übrigen Druckräumen 20; 21 zugeführt. Der Einlaufring 15 hat die Aufgabe, den Schmierstoff in Richtung auf die Kanäle 22 zu leiten und ein Zurückfliessen des Schmierstoffes aus dem ersten Druckraum 19 zu verhindern. Im zweiten Druckraum 20 dient der Schmierstoff der Umformung durch den zweiten Arbeitsziehstein 17, und im dritten Druckraum 21 dient er zu einer Beschichtung des Umformgutes 25. Das zylindrische Führungsteil 24 legt dabei die Dicke des Schmierstoffilms auf dem auslaufenden Draht 25 zur Umformung in weiteren nachgeordneten Ziehstufen fest.A material to be formed 25 is drawn through the device in the form of a wire, which has a solid lubricant made of calcium stearate. The lubricant entering the first pressure chamber 19 is liquefied therein and partly automatically via the channels 22 to the other pressure chambers 20; 21 fed. The inlet ring 15 has the task of guiding the lubricant in the direction of the channels 22 and preventing the lubricant from flowing back out of the first pressure chamber 19. In the second pressure chamber 20, the lubricant is used for forming by the second working die 17, and in the third pressure chamber 21 it serves to coat the material 25 to be formed. The cylindrical guide part 24 places the thickness of the lubricant film on the outgoing wire 25 for forming in further downstream drawing stages firmly.

Claims (4)

1. Device for applying a lubricant liquefied under pressure to a metallic plastically deformable part (6, 25), comprising a closed vessel (1) installed upstream of the forming station, said vessel being filled with lubricant and having an inlet and an outlet port providing for the continuous passage of the material to be formed (6, 25), wherein the coating space of the vessel is in communication with a pressure generating means, characterized in that the vessel (1) is provided with a cooling portion (9, 11) near the outlet port for solidifying the lubricant deposited under pressure in the liquid state.
2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure generating means consists of drawing dies (16, 17) serially arranged in the vessel and each including a pressurized space (19, 20), and that these pressurized spaces (19, 20) are communicated to each other and to the coating space (21) via passages (22).
3. Device according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the outlet port (8; 23, 24) is of conical shape.
4. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the inlet and the outlet port (7; 8) are communicated to a tube (9) adapted to be selectively heated or cooled.
EP19790105306 1978-12-21 1979-12-21 Device for applying a lubricant to a metallic plastically deformable part Expired EP0013012B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DD210032 1978-12-21
DD210028 1978-12-21
DD21003278A DD147205A1 (en) 1978-12-21 1978-12-21 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PULLING METALLIC MATERIALS
DD21002878A DD147209A1 (en) 1978-12-21 1978-12-21 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR APPLYING LUBRICANTS
DD21741879A DD146793A1 (en) 1979-12-06 1979-12-06 PROCESS FOR APPLYING LUBRICANTS
DD217418 1979-12-06

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0013012A1 EP0013012A1 (en) 1980-07-09
EP0013012B1 true EP0013012B1 (en) 1984-06-20

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EP19790105306 Expired EP0013012B1 (en) 1978-12-21 1979-12-21 Device for applying a lubricant to a metallic plastically deformable part

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EP (1) EP0013012B1 (en)
DE (1) DE2967068D1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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DE2967068D1 (en) 1984-07-26
EP0013012A1 (en) 1980-07-09

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