EP0012787B1 - Combustion chamber wall - Google Patents

Combustion chamber wall Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0012787B1
EP0012787B1 EP79100393A EP79100393A EP0012787B1 EP 0012787 B1 EP0012787 B1 EP 0012787B1 EP 79100393 A EP79100393 A EP 79100393A EP 79100393 A EP79100393 A EP 79100393A EP 0012787 B1 EP0012787 B1 EP 0012787B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wall
pairs
combustion chamber
strips
secured
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Expired
Application number
EP79100393A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0012787B2 (en
EP0012787A1 (en
Inventor
Karl Rees
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Sulzer AG
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Gebrueder Sulzer AG
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Application filed by Gebrueder Sulzer AG filed Critical Gebrueder Sulzer AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/62—Component parts or details of steam boilers specially adapted for steam boilers of forced-flow type
    • F22B37/64—Mounting of, or supporting arrangements for, tube units
    • F22B37/645—Mounting of, or supporting arrangements for, tube units involving upper vertically-disposed water tubes and lower horizontally- or helically disposed water tubes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a combustion chamber wall made of horizontally or inclined wall tubes which are connected to one another in a gas-tight manner by means of webs, with vertical drawstrings arranged in pairs on the outside of the webs, and is preferably intended for a steam generator.
  • a combustion chamber wall of this type is known from DE-A-26 21 189.
  • the pairs of drawstrings are at a distance from the pipe wall and are welded to the webs of the wall pipes via many bridge-like elements. Each bridge-like element is itself at a distance from the wall tube it spans.
  • the main disadvantage of this known construction is that the temperature of the drawstring pairs follows the temperature changes of the combustion chamber only with considerable delay. Considerable transient thermal stresses therefore occur in the pairs of drawstrings as well as in the combustion chamber wall.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention in that the drawstring pairs bear against the wall tubes and are rigidly connected to the wall tubes by welding via a plurality of comb-like sheet metal strips arranged at a vertical distance, the sheet strips arranged parallel to the drawstring pairs touching the drawstring pairs over their entire length and run perpendicular to the wall plane. Due to the fact that on the one hand both the pairs of drawstrings and the metal strips are in heat-conducting contact with the wall pipes and on the other hand the metal strips with their entire length touch the pairs of drawstrings, fairly homogeneous temperatures are reached in the area of the welds, so that only very low thermal stresses occur.
  • An additional advantage of this solution is that the cost of materials is lower, which not only has a cost effect, but also reduces the thermal inertia of the wall or faster start-up of the system containing the combustion chamber wall, e.g. of the steam generator, allowed.
  • a combustion chamber wall is known from US Pat. No. 3,295,504, the pipes of which are inclined to the horizontal and are welded to one another in a gas-tight manner by means of webs.
  • individual tension bands are provided distributed over its width, which can rest against the tube wall or can also be at a distance from it.
  • the connection between the tube wall and the drawstrings takes place via sheet metal parts which have a U-shape and each comprise a drawstring from the side facing away from the combustion chamber; the legs of the U-shaped sheet metal parts are cut out like a comb and welded to the pipe wall.
  • the production outlay and also the material outlay for the U-shaped sheet metal parts are considerably greater in comparison with the sheet metal strips according to the invention. Since the drawstrings are not arranged in pairs and, moreover, no simple sheet metal strips are used, the known construction cannot form a model for the invention, especially since the heat flow from the tube wall to the drawstrings is less favorable than in the invention.
  • the forces acting in the tension band pairs are particularly advantageously distributed over the upper region of the combustion chamber wall and the gas draft wall consisting of vertical tubes.
  • the transfer of the tensile forces into the throttle cable wall is structurally particularly simple.
  • wall tubes 1 form a flat wall of a prismatic combustion chamber, the tubes 1 being inclined to the horizontal and welded tightly to one another via webs 2.
  • the inclined wall pipes 1 are connected to distributors at the bottom, which is not shown. Above they open into distribution pieces 5, each of which has four connecting pieces arranged in the wall plane and pointing upwards.
  • Vertical pipes 6 are welded to this connection piece, which run straight and are also tightly connected to one another via webs 7.
  • the vertical tubes 6 lie essentially in the same plane as the inclined tubes 1 of the combustion chamber.
  • the combustion chamber extends to the height of the distributors 5, while the vertical tubes 6 are already fitted with a gas flue in which bulkhead or bundle heating surfaces can be accommodated. Water flows in tubes 1 and 6, which can be partially or completely evaporated in tubes 6.
  • FIG. 1 Such drawstrings 10 are shown, which are arranged in pairs side by side.
  • a row of sheet metal strips 11 cut out like a comb is provided for each pair of tension bands 10, which are vertically aligned with one another and are arranged with the division A perpendicular to the tube wall.
  • the metal strips 11 are welded to the combustion chamber wall by fillet welds 13 (FIG. 2).
  • the drawstrings 10, which touch the wall tubes 1, abut the metal strips 11 on both sides and are connected to them by vertical fillet welds 14.
  • the drawstrings 10 can lift off the wall at their outer edges because of the temperature gradients occurring over their thickness, so that the heat transfer there deteriorates.
  • the outer edges of the drawstrings 10 of the pair can be retained halfway between the metal strips 11 by light U-iron 16 welded to the webs 2 of the wall, as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the distance B (FIG. 1) between the U-bars 16 and the sheet metal strips 11 is chosen so large that the transverse expansion of the drawstrings 10 caused by temperature differences does not result in any noticeable additional stresses.
  • the drawstrings 10 are welded to forked straps 22. These forked belts are chosen to be somewhat thinner than the drawstrings 10. They have tines 23 which are connected to vertical connecting ribs 25 by fillet welds 28 in the region of their upper ends.
  • the connecting ribs 25, which are perpendicular to the wall, are welded to the webs 7 by means of fillet welds (FIG. 4).
  • the fork straps 22 are essentially connected by U-profiles 26 to the webs 2 between the inclined tubes 1; however, one or more sheet metal strips 11 can also be provided.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Brennkammerwand aus horizontal oder geneigt verlaufenden, über Stege gasdicht miteinander verbundenen Wandrohren, mit an den Stegen aussenseitig befestigten, paarweise angeordneten, vertikalen Zugbändern und ist vorzugsweise für einen Dampferzeuger bestimmt.The invention relates to a combustion chamber wall made of horizontally or inclined wall tubes which are connected to one another in a gas-tight manner by means of webs, with vertical drawstrings arranged in pairs on the outside of the webs, and is preferably intended for a steam generator.

Eine Brennkammerwand dieser Art ist aus der DE-A-26 21 189 bekannt. Die Zugbänderpaare haben dort Abstand von der Rohrwand und sind über viele brückenartige Elemente mit den Stegen der Wandrohre verschweisst. Jedes brückenartige Element hat von dem von ihm überspannten Wandrohr selbst Abstand. Diese bekannte Konstruktion hat vor allem den Nachteil, dass bei Temperaturänderungen der Brennkammer die Temperatur der Zugbänderpaare nur mit erheblicher Verzögerung folgt. Es treten daher in den Zugbänderpaaren wie auch in der Brennkammerwand erhebliche transiente Wärmespannungen auf.A combustion chamber wall of this type is known from DE-A-26 21 189. The pairs of drawstrings are at a distance from the pipe wall and are welded to the webs of the wall pipes via many bridge-like elements. Each bridge-like element is itself at a distance from the wall tube it spans. The main disadvantage of this known construction is that the temperature of the drawstring pairs follows the temperature changes of the combustion chamber only with considerable delay. Considerable transient thermal stresses therefore occur in the pairs of drawstrings as well as in the combustion chamber wall.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, diese transienten Zugspannungen auf konstruktiv einfache Weise zu verringern.It is an object of the invention to reduce these transient tensile stresses in a structurally simple manner.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss dadurch gelöst, dass die Zugbänderpaare an den Wandrohren anliegen und über mehrere, in vertikalem Abstand angeordnete, kammartig ausgeschnittene Blechstreifen mit den Wandrohren durch Schweissen starr verbunden sind, wobei die parallel zu den Zugbänderpaaren angeordneten Blechstreifen auf ihrer gesamten Länge die Zugbänderpaare berühren und senkrecht zur Wandebene verlaufen. Dadurch, dass einerseits sowohl die Zugbänderpaare als auch die Blechstreifen mit den Wandrohren in wärmeleitendem Kontakt stehen und andererseits die Blechstreifen mit ihrer ganzen Länge die Zugbänderpaare berühren, werden im Bereich der Schweissstellen ziemlich homogene Temperaturen erreicht, so dass nur sehr geringe Wärmespannungen auftreten. Ein zusätzlicher Vorteil dieser Lösung besteht darin, dass der Materialaufwand geringer ist, was sich nicht nur preislich auswirkt, sondern auch die thermische Trägheit der Wand verringert bzw. ein rascheres Anfahren der die Brennkammerwand enthaltenden Anlage, z.B. des Dampferzeugers, erlaubt.The object is achieved according to the invention in that the drawstring pairs bear against the wall tubes and are rigidly connected to the wall tubes by welding via a plurality of comb-like sheet metal strips arranged at a vertical distance, the sheet strips arranged parallel to the drawstring pairs touching the drawstring pairs over their entire length and run perpendicular to the wall plane. Due to the fact that on the one hand both the pairs of drawstrings and the metal strips are in heat-conducting contact with the wall pipes and on the other hand the metal strips with their entire length touch the pairs of drawstrings, fairly homogeneous temperatures are reached in the area of the welds, so that only very low thermal stresses occur. An additional advantage of this solution is that the cost of materials is lower, which not only has a cost effect, but also reduces the thermal inertia of the wall or faster start-up of the system containing the combustion chamber wall, e.g. of the steam generator, allowed.

Aus der US-A-3 295 504 ist eine Brennkammerwand bekannt, deren Rohre zur Horizontalen geneigt verlaufen und über Stege gasdicht miteinander verschweisst sind. Zum Tragen der Rohrwand sind über deren Breite verteilt einzelne Zugbänder vorgesehen, die an der Rohrwand anliegen können oder aber von dieser auch einen Abstand haben können. Die Verbindung zwischen der Rohrwand und den Zugbändern geschieht über Blechteile, die U-Form haben und jeweils ein Zugband von der von der Brennkammer abgewendeten Seite her umfassen; die Schenkel der U-förmigen Blechteile sind kammartig ausgeschnitten und mit der Rohrwand verschweisst. Der Fertigungsaufwand und auch der Materialaufwand für die U-förmigen Blechteile sind im Vergleich zu den erfindungsgemässen Blechstreifen erheblich grösser. Da die Zugbänder nicht paarweise angeordnet sind und überdies keine einfachen Blechstreifen verwendet werden, kann die bekannte Konstruktion kein Vorbild für die Erfindung bilden, zumal sich auch hinsichtlich des Wärmeflusses von der Rohrwand zu den Zugbändern weniger günstige Verhältnisse ergeben als bei der Erfindung.A combustion chamber wall is known from US Pat. No. 3,295,504, the pipes of which are inclined to the horizontal and are welded to one another in a gas-tight manner by means of webs. To support the tube wall, individual tension bands are provided distributed over its width, which can rest against the tube wall or can also be at a distance from it. The connection between the tube wall and the drawstrings takes place via sheet metal parts which have a U-shape and each comprise a drawstring from the side facing away from the combustion chamber; the legs of the U-shaped sheet metal parts are cut out like a comb and welded to the pipe wall. The production outlay and also the material outlay for the U-shaped sheet metal parts are considerably greater in comparison with the sheet metal strips according to the invention. Since the drawstrings are not arranged in pairs and, moreover, no simple sheet metal strips are used, the known construction cannot form a model for the invention, especially since the heat flow from the tube wall to the drawstrings is less favorable than in the invention.

Durch die Befestigung der Aussenkanten der Zugbänderpaare an der Brennkammerwand nach Anspruch 2 wird erreicht, dass die Zugbänder an der Rohrwand noch dichter anliegen, ohne dass in den Zugbändern oder in der Rohrwand erhebliche zusätzliche Wärmespannungen auftreten.By attaching the outer edges of the drawstring pairs to the combustion chamber wall according to claim 2 it is achieved that the drawstrings lie even closer to the pipe wall without significant additional thermal stresses occurring in the drawstrings or in the pipe wall.

Durch die Weiterbildung nach Anspruch 4 werden die in den Zugbänderpaaren wirkenden Kräfte besonders vorteilhaft auf den oberen Bereich der Brennkammerwand sowie die aus Vertikalrohren bestehende Gaszugwand aufgeteilt.Through the development according to claim 4, the forces acting in the tension band pairs are particularly advantageously distributed over the upper region of the combustion chamber wall and the gas draft wall consisting of vertical tubes.

Die Ueberleitung der Zugkräfte in die Gaszugwand gemäss Anspruch 4 ist konstruktiv besonders einfach.The transfer of the tensile forces into the throttle cable wall is structurally particularly simple.

Die Erfindung wird nun an einem zeichnerisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine fragmentarische Ansicht von aussen einer Brennkammerwand nach der Erfindung,
  • Fig. 2 ein in Fig. 1 mit II bezeichnetes Detail in perspektivischer Darstellung,
  • Fig. 3 ein Detail 111 aus Fig. 1, ebenfalls in perspektivischer Darstellung und
  • Fig. 4 ein in Fig. 1 mit IV bezeichnetes Detail.
The invention will now be explained in more detail using an illustrated embodiment. Show it:
  • 1 is a fragmentary view from the outside of a combustion chamber wall according to the invention,
  • 2 shows a detail designated II in FIG. 1 in a perspective illustration,
  • Fig. 3 shows a detail 111 from Fig. 1, also in perspective and
  • Fig. 4 is a detail designated IV in Fig. 1.

Gemäss Fig. 1 bilden Wandrohre 1 eine ebene Wand einer prismatischen Brennkammer, wobei die Rohre 1 zur Horizontalen geneigt und über Stege 2 dicht miteinander verschweisst sind. Die geneigten Wandrohre 1 sind, was nicht gezeigt ist, unten an Verteilern angeschlossen. Oben münden sie in Verteilstücke 5, von denen jedes vier in der Wandebene angeordnete, nach oben gerichtete Anschlussstutzen aufweist. An diesen Stutzen sind Vertikalrohre 6 angeschweisst, die gerade verlaufen und über Stege 7 ebenfalls dicht miteinander verbunden sind. Die Vertikalrohre 6 liegen im wesentlichen in derselben Ebene wie die geneigt verlaufenden Rohre 1 der Brennkammer. Die Brennkammer erstreckt sich bis zur Höhe der Verteilstücke 5, während die Vertikalrohre 6 bereits einen Gaszug bekleiden, in dem Schotten- oder Bündelheizflächen untergebracht sein können. In den Rohren 1 und 6 strömt Wasser, das in den Rohren 6 teilweise oder ganz verdampft sein kann.1, wall tubes 1 form a flat wall of a prismatic combustion chamber, the tubes 1 being inclined to the horizontal and welded tightly to one another via webs 2. The inclined wall pipes 1 are connected to distributors at the bottom, which is not shown. Above they open into distribution pieces 5, each of which has four connecting pieces arranged in the wall plane and pointing upwards. Vertical pipes 6 are welded to this connection piece, which run straight and are also tightly connected to one another via webs 7. The vertical tubes 6 lie essentially in the same plane as the inclined tubes 1 of the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber extends to the height of the distributors 5, while the vertical tubes 6 are already fitted with a gas flue in which bulkhead or bundle heating surfaces can be accommodated. Water flows in tubes 1 and 6, which can be partially or completely evaporated in tubes 6.

Solche Brennkammerrohrwände werden üblicherweise, einen prismatischen Hohlraum umschliessend, an einem Kesselgerüst oben aufgehängt. Sie sind daher einer erheblichen Zugbelastung ausgesetzt. Während Wände mit vertikaler Berohrung solche vertikalen Zugkräfte aufnehmen, ohne dass darin erhebliche Spannungen auftreten, ist dies bei horizontal oder schräg berohrten Wänden nicht der Fall, weil in den Rohren Biegespannungen von nicht zu vernachlässigender Grösse auftreten. Es ist daher bekannt, solche Rohrwände durch vertikale Zugbänder zu verstärken. In Fig. 1 sind derartige Zugbänder 10 gezeigt, die paarweise nebeneinander angeordnet sind. Wie Fig. 1 zeigt, ist erfindungsgemäss für jedes Paar von Zugbändern 10 eine Reihe von kammartig ausgeschnittenen Blechstreifen 11 vorgesehen, die vertikal miteinander fluchten und mit der Teilung A senkrecht zur Rohrwand angeordnet sind. Die Blechstreifen 11 sind mit der Brennkammerwand durch Kehlnähte 13 verschweisst (Fig. 2). Die Zugbänder 10, die die Wandrohre 1 berühren, stossen beidseitig an die Blechstreifen 11 an und sind mit diesen durch vertikale Kehlnähte 14 verbunden.Such combustion chamber tube walls are usually hung on a boiler frame, enclosing a prismatic cavity. They are therefore exposed to considerable tensile loads. While walls with vertical tubing absorb such vertical tensile forces without causing significant stresses, this is not the case with horizontally or obliquely tubed walls, because bending stresses of a not inconsiderable magnitude occur in the pipes. It is therefore known to reinforce such tube walls with vertical drawstrings. In Fig. 1 such drawstrings 10 are shown, which are arranged in pairs side by side. As shown in FIG. 1, according to the invention a row of sheet metal strips 11 cut out like a comb is provided for each pair of tension bands 10, which are vertically aligned with one another and are arranged with the division A perpendicular to the tube wall. The metal strips 11 are welded to the combustion chamber wall by fillet welds 13 (FIG. 2). The drawstrings 10, which touch the wall tubes 1, abut the metal strips 11 on both sides and are connected to them by vertical fillet welds 14.

Bei einem schnellen Temperaturanstieg der Brennkammerwand können sich die Zugbänder 10 wegen des darin über ihre Dicke auftretenden Temperaturgradienten an ihren Aussenkanten von der Wand abheben, sodass dort der Wärmeübergang schlechter wird. Um ein solches Abheben zu vermeiden oder zu reduzieren, können gemäss Fig. 3 die Aussenkanten der Zugbänder 10 des Paares auf halber Höhe zwischen den Blechstreifen 11 durch an den Stegen 2 der Wand angeschweisste, leichte U-Eisen 16 zurückgehalten werden. Der Abstand B (Fig. 1) zwischen den U-Eisen 16 und den Blechstreifen 11 ist dabei so gross gewählt, dass die durch Temperaturunterschiede bewirkte Querdehnung der Zugbänder 10 keine merkliche Zusatzspannungen ergibt.When the temperature of the combustion chamber wall rises rapidly, the drawstrings 10 can lift off the wall at their outer edges because of the temperature gradients occurring over their thickness, so that the heat transfer there deteriorates. In order to avoid or reduce such lifting, the outer edges of the drawstrings 10 of the pair can be retained halfway between the metal strips 11 by light U-iron 16 welded to the webs 2 of the wall, as shown in FIG. 3. The distance B (FIG. 1) between the U-bars 16 and the sheet metal strips 11 is chosen so large that the transverse expansion of the drawstrings 10 caused by temperature differences does not result in any noticeable additional stresses.

In dem in Fig. 1 mit 20 bezeichneten Bereich sind die Zugbänder 10 an Gabelbänder 22 angeschweisst. Diese Gabelbänder sind etwas dünner gewählt als die Zugbänder 10. Sie weisen Zinken 23 auf, die im Bereich ihrer oberen Enden mit vertikalen Verbindungsrippen 25 durch Kehlnähte 28 verbunden sind. Die Verbindungsrippen 25, die senkrecht zur Wand stehen, sind mittels Kehlnähten an den Stegen 7 angeschweisst (Fig. 4).In the area designated by 20 in FIG. 1, the drawstrings 10 are welded to forked straps 22. These forked belts are chosen to be somewhat thinner than the drawstrings 10. They have tines 23 which are connected to vertical connecting ribs 25 by fillet welds 28 in the region of their upper ends. The connecting ribs 25, which are perpendicular to the wall, are welded to the webs 7 by means of fillet welds (FIG. 4).

Die Gabelbänder 22 sind im wesentlichen durch U-Profile 26 mit den Stegen 2 zwischen den geneigt verlaufenden Rohren 1 verbunden; es können aber auch zusätzlich ein oder mehrere Blechstreifen 11 vorgesehen sein.The fork straps 22 are essentially connected by U-profiles 26 to the webs 2 between the inclined tubes 1; however, one or more sheet metal strips 11 can also be provided.

Claims (5)

1. A combustion chamber wall comprising horizontal or inclined wall tubes (1) interconnected in gas-tight manner by way of webs (2), vertical tension strips (10) which are arranged in pairs being secured to the webs (2) on the outside, characterised in that the tension strip pairs (10) contact the wall tubes (1) and are rigidly connected thereto by welding by way of a number of vertically spaced-apart metal strips (11) cut out comb-fashion, the metal strips (11) extending parallel to the tension strip pairs (10), contacting the said pairs over their whole length and extending perpendicularly to the plane of the wall.
2. A wall according to claim 1, characterised in that the tension strips (10) of each pair are secured by way of their distal edges about halfway up their height to the wall between two strips (11).
3. A wall according to claim 2, characterised in that the tension strip edges are secured by means of short channel-section members (16) by the ends of the channel arms being welded to two consecutive webs (2) of the wall and by the web which interconnects the arms of the channel-section members (16) being welded to the edge of the engaging tension strip (10).
4. A wall according to any of claims 1 to 3 having a gas flue which follows on from the wall top edge and is embodied by vertical tubes (6) interconnected in gas-tight manner, characterised in that the top ends of the tension strips (10) branch laterally like the tines (23) of a fork near the top of the combustion chamber wall and the tines (23) are secured to the gas flue wall.
5. A wall according to claim 4, characterised in that the tines (23) are secured by connecting ribs (25) which are perpendicular to the wall.
EP79100393A 1978-12-20 1979-02-12 Combustion chamber wall Expired EP0012787B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1293078A CH634905A5 (en) 1978-12-20 1978-12-20 STEAM GENERATOR WALL.
CH12930/78 1978-12-20

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0012787A1 EP0012787A1 (en) 1980-07-09
EP0012787B1 true EP0012787B1 (en) 1983-02-16
EP0012787B2 EP0012787B2 (en) 1988-10-26

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EP79100393A Expired EP0012787B2 (en) 1978-12-20 1979-02-12 Combustion chamber wall

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Country Link
US (1) US4347810A (en)
EP (1) EP0012787B2 (en)
JP (2) JPS5585803A (en)
CH (1) CH634905A5 (en)
DE (1) DE2964769D1 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
CH634905A5 (en) 1983-02-28
JPS6014094Y2 (en) 1985-05-07
EP0012787B2 (en) 1988-10-26
US4347810A (en) 1982-09-07
JPS5585803A (en) 1980-06-28
JPS5997303U (en) 1984-07-02
EP0012787A1 (en) 1980-07-09
DE2964769D1 (en) 1983-03-24

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