EP0010509A2 - Firearm with electric firing mechanism and process for its operation; ammunition and primers therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

The firing device comprises a capacitor (8) charged with a battery (1) via a circuit comprising an integrated circuit (2), a transistor (3), a transformer (4) ) and a diode (5). By applying a pulse on the trigger (15) of a thyristor (6), the capacitor (8) is suddenly discharged into an electrical primer (13) of the cartridge to cause firing.

The firearm is also equipped with a damping device that damps the relative movement of the assembly culassecannon relative to the butt.

The electrical primer (13) of the cartridge is composed of a cylindrical metal body, an internal insulator and an axial electrode embedded in the insulator, a filament located near the powder being connected between the metal body and the forward end of the axial electrode which extends to the rear end of the socket.

Description

The present invention relates to an electrically operated weapon, its method of operation and the ammunition used.

We have already advocated and successfully tried electrical or electronic systems for firing a shooting weapon.

These systems are attractive because they remove much of the mechanics of traditional rifles, only the locking mechanisms and extraction.

As a result, the weapon is lighter and cheaper, while retaining traditional ammunition that may have undergone minor changes.

Despite all these advantages, the electric or electronic firing has not had the expected success in the weapon market, and this because of a large number of disadvantages concerning, in particular, the unreliability, as well as questionable security and safety. This unreliability resulted from a high number of long burns due, in most cases, to contact, contact corrosion, moisture and other defects.

On the other hand, the time required to recharge the ignition system removed the weapon the ability to shoot two cartridges a few hundredths of a second apart.

The lack of safety and security came from the weakness of the effort required to actuate the mechanical-type electrical key in comparison with the standard trigger trigger. This electric key included a set of mechanical parts to the Way of a _tor interruption and under the effect of impacts and sudden acceleration, could close the circuit of an untimely manner and thus put the firearm.

The invention aims to achieve a weapon that does not have all these disadvantages, and which also has a large number of new advantages, allowing to have a weapon effects leading to better use. to better accuracy and better shooting safety.

On the other hand, in the weapon industry, we are more and more concerned about the problem of hindsight. In the past, the hunting weapon was the main manufacture of the profession, and the very low rate of fire fired from game made acceptable the retreat of the usual weapons, even if to use a plate of elastomer ensuring a very partial damping. Now, the appearance of the sports shooting weapon, called pigeon shooting or pigeon shooting, or any other form that can take this sport of skill, makes absolutely necessary the adoption of a solution. It is not uncommon, in fact, that a shooter has more than 100 cartridges to shoot in an afternoon of competition, and it results as and when a growing bruise of the shoulder which, in place night to the accuracy of the shot.

At present, no convenient and satisfactory solution has been found. In fact, a seismic brake can only be effective if there is a degree of freedom between a moving part and a fixed part. Now, in the current percussive weapons, there is a whole continuous kinematic chain linking the mechanism-percussion sub-assembly to the barrel-breech-extrusion subassembly. This kinematic chain prevents the introduction of the relative movement necessary for the gradual absorption of the recoil energy.

Another object of the invention is to provide a power-operated weapon of the above-mentioned type which, in addition, has a very significant decrease in the recoil effect.

An electrically-controlled weapon according to the invention is characterized in that it contains at least one DC generator and at least one capacitor charged by said generator, as well as a static switch of the thyristor type which, controlled by means of appropriate control, is likely to cause the discharge of the capacitors by closing the electrical circuit on a resistant element in contact with the powder of the cartridge, so that this element is brought brutally incandescent to put the powder.

According to a further characteristic of the invention, the resistant element is housed in the traditional primer of the cartridge, thus creating the explosion of the primer and the firing of the cartridge.

According to a variant of the invention, the resistant element is directly in contact with the powder charge of the cartridge, which has no primer.

According to an additional feature of the rifle inserts through which contact is made with the munition are made of a metal having the best insolubility pattern with the metal of the munitian.

According to a further feature of the invention, the weapon comprises at least two accumulation systems, so that at least one is being loaded when the other is operational and keeps the rifle ready to fire.

According to a further feature of the invention, a light indicates to the user which circuit is operational.

According to a further feature of the invention, the electric circuit comprises, in addition to a firing contactor, two complete circuit disconnectors, namely a first disconnector which remains closed until the weapon is locked, and a second one that remains closed until the hunter, ready to fire, has done the right thing.

Next to an additional feature of the in In other words, the fingertip button is controlled by other gestures than the conventional finger press on a trigger, it can be controlled either by thumb pressure on the upper part of the butt or on the pressure of the thumb. on the support plate of the butt, or by an action of the teeth or the eyelid.

According to a variant of the investion, the firing key is controlled off the rifle, either by a wire or by radio.

According to another variant of the invention, the weapon comprises an infra-red viewfinder sensitive to the heat of the game, or a sound-sensitive sound receiver triggering the firing button when the aiming is perfect.

According to an additional feature of the invention, a digital display indicator is embedded in the butt or elsewhere to indicate the number of cartridges fired.

A method for the operation of the electrically operated weapon according to the invention is characterized in that the brutal discharge of the capacitor is transmitted to a metal key housed where the firing pin of the rifle is usually located, the circuit being closed by the ramp. barrel mass intimately connected to the sleeve of the cartridge

According to an additional feature of vention, the metal key that replaces the conventional beader firmly presses on the bottom of the primer at the time of the shot, without crossing the bottom.

According to a variant of the invention, the metal key that replaces the conventional striker perforated the bottom of the primer at the time of firing to come into contact with a terminal of a filament, the other terminal of this filament being grounded. through the base of the ear.

According to a variant of the invention, the brutal discharge of the capacitor incandescent the bottom of the base of the cartridge,

A cartridge leader usable with the weapon according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises spun directly into contact with the powder, and connected between a cylindrical metal body and an axial electrode extending to the rear end of the base.

According to a further characteristic of the invention, the filament is constituted by a metal wire.

According to a variant of the invention, the filament is constituted by a layer of metal deposited on an insulating body.

According to another variant of the invention; the filament is constituted by a metal fuse foam.

According to a further feature of the invention, the weapon comprises on the one hand a movable assembly comprising at least one yoke, guiding means being provided to allow the relative sliding of the two assemblies, in the longitudinal direction,

According to a further feature of the invention, the first assembly, which comprises the barrel and the cylinder head, is mounted to slide on a slideway secured to the second assembly, the second assembly comprising the butt.

Solvent a further feature of the invention, the damping means comprise on the one hand a helical spring compressed between the two sets, and on the other hand at least one pneumatic chamber delimited between a cylinder and a piston secured respectively soft sets, and connected to the atmosphere through a calibrated orifice to fill when the two sets are close to each other.

According to a variant of the invention, the damping means comprise on the one hand at least one helical spring compressed between the two sets, and on the other hand a friction system mounted to brake the relative sliding of the two sets.

According to a further feature of the invention, the friction system comprises on the one hand a plate integral with one of the two assemblies, and on the other hand two transverse pads mounted to slide on the other assembly, each pad carrying a friction lining on his face in. contact with the plate, while springs permanently apply the pads on both sides of the plate.

According to a further feature of the invention, in the case of a double-barreled weapon each pad is constituted by a piston which delimits a chamber communicating with the chamber receiving a cartridge, so that the rise in pressure due to the firing a cartridge increases the clamping force of the um of pstins on the plate.

• - deux surfaces de frottement planes solidaires de l'un des deux ensembles, et situées en vis-à-vis ;
• - un alésage transversal aménagé dans l'autre ensemble, et s'étendant entre les deux surfaces de frottement ;
• - deux patins engagés pour coulisser dans l'alésage transversal, chacun à une extrémité de cet alésage chaque patin portant une garniture de friction sur sa faca on contact avec la surface de frottement correspondante
• - un piston central monté pour coulisser dans l'alésage transversal ;
• - sur chaque face du piston central, un téton axial susceptible de buter contre l'un des patins ;
• - autour de chaque téton axial, au moins uns xen delle élastique comprimée entre le piston central et l'un des patins ;
• - deux conduits établissant chacun un passage en- _tre une chambre recevant une cartouche et une chambre del mitée entre l'un des patins et le piston central.

According to a variant of the invention, in the case of a double-barreled weapon, the friction system comprises:

• two flat friction surfaces integral with one of the two assemblies, and located opposite each other;
• - A transverse bore formed in the other set, and extending between the two friction surfaces;
• two sliders engaged to slide in the transverse bore, each at one end of this bore each pad carrying a friction lining on its faca in contact with the corresponding friction surface
• a central piston mounted to slide in the transverse bore;
• - On each face of the central piston, an axial stud may abut against one of the pads;
• - around each axial stud, at least one xen elastic delle compressed between the central piston and one of the pads;
• - establishing two ducts each one passageway in- _t re a chamber receiving a cartridge and a del mitée chamber between one of the pads and the central piston.

According to a variant of the invention, the first set is constituted by a breech, while the second set comprises the barrel and the stock of the spade the breech being mounted to slide in the barrel and being biased forwards. permanently by a helical spring, the joint plane separating the barrel from the bolt box being located at the front of the chamber which receives the cartridge.

According to another variant of the invention, two rotors are mounted to rotate on a small carriage freely sliding along the barrel, each rotor being also secured to a toothed pinion meshing with a longitudinal rack integral with the barrel.

According to another variant of the invention, the cylinder head is secured to a small piston which is engaged in a chamber full of an incompressible fluid, the free end of the small piston being located at the rear of a large piston that the small piston passes through, the large piston delimiting the said chamber from the front and being constantly subjected to the action of springs which recall it towards the rear.

According to another variant of the invention, the moving parts of the anti-recoil mechanism comprise magnetic masses that move in a splenoid winding by generating an electric current that can be recovered to recharge the supply batteries of the electronic device. ignition.

A cartridge leader usable with the weapon according to the invention comprises a filament directly in contact with the powder, and connected between a cylindrical metal body and an electrode, and is characterized in that the filament is y-shaped to connect in two sections the central electrode to the body of the primer.

According to a further feature of the invention, the filament is disposed near the front end of the load ^p Udre of the cartridge, the flame front then propagating back and forth in the cartridge, which allows to obtain complete combustion of the powder.

According to a variant of the invention, the cartridge carries no socket, a filament located directly in contact with the powder charge, at the front end of this powder charge, being connected via electrodes to rings. collectors flush with the outer cylindrical surface of the plastic body of the cartridge.

• - Figure 1 est un schéma de principe du dispositif de commande de l'arme suivant l'invention.
• - Figure 2 est une vue éclatée et perspective de cette arme.
• - Figure 3 est une vue éclatée en perspective d'une arme de type classique.
• - Figure 4 est une vue partielle de l'arme suivant l'invention, en section suivant un plan longitudinal vertical.
• - Figure 5 est une identique à celle de la figure 4, suivant une variante.
• - Figure 6 et 7 sont des vues montrant des amorces de cartouche de type traditionnel.
• - Figure 9 est une vue en bout de cette amorce.
• - Figure 10 est une vue analogue à la figure 9, suivant une variante.
• - Figure 11 à ₁6 sont des vues amalagues à la figurs 8, suivant 30 des variantes.
• - Figure 17 est une vue en bout de l'amorce de la, gure 15.
• - Figure 18 est une vue en bout de l'amorce de la gure 16.
• - Figure 19 est une vue latérale d'une arme sui une variante de l'invention.
• - Figure 20 et 21 sont des vues latérales des deur sous-ensembles constituant cette arme
• - Figure 22 est un diagramme illustrant les cara ristiques de fonctionnement d'une arme classique:
• - Figure 23 est un diagramme illustrant les caractéristiques de fonctionnement de l'arme suivant l'invention
• - Figure 24 est une vue latérale d'une arme une variante de l'invention.
• - Figure 25 est une vue latérale d'une arme suivant une autre variante de l'invention,
• - Figure 26 est une vue montrant l'arme de la figure 24 en section 5 suivant un plan vertical longitudinal.
• Figure 27 est une section XXVII-XXVII (fig 2).
• - Figure 28 est une section XXVIII-XXVIII (fig 2).
• - Figure 29 est une vue d'une arme suivant une autre variante de l'addition, en section par un plan vertical longitudinal suivant XXIX-XXIX (fig 28).
• - Figura 30 est une section XXX-XXX (fig 29).
• - Figure 31 est une vue d'une arme suivant une autre varianta de l'invention, en section suivant un plan vertical longitudinal.
• - Figure 32 est une vue latérale d'une arme suivant une autre variante de l'invention.
• - Figure 33 est une vue de cette même arme, en section suivant un plan vertical longitudinal.
• - Figure 34 est une section XXXIV-XXXIV (fig 24).
• - Figure 35 est une vue de dessus partielle d'une arme suivant une autre variante de l'invention.
• - Figure 36 est une section XXXVT-XXXVI (fig 3).
• - Figure 37 est une vue d'une arme suivant une autre variante de l'invention, en section suivant un plan horizontal longitudinal.
• - Figures 38 à 40 sont des vues en section axiale de trois types d'amorces suivant l'invention.
• - Figures 41 à 43 sont des vues en section axiale de cartouches équipées respectivement des amorces des figures 38 à 4₀.
• - Figure 44 est une vue du canon d'une arme suivant une autre variante de l'invention, en section transversale.
• - Figure 45 est une section.XLV-XLV (fig 4).
• - Figure 46 est une vue en perspective correspondant à la figure 4.
• - Figure 47 est une vue identique à la figure 45, montrant une variante.

The appended drawing, titled last non-auditory example, will better understand the characteristics of the invention.

• - Figure 1 is a block diagram of the control device of the weapon according to the invention.
• - Figure 2 is an exploded and perspective view of this weapon.
• - Figure 3 is an exploded perspective view of a conventional type of weapon.
• - Figure 4 is a partial view of the weapon according to the invention, in section along a vertical longitudinal plane.
• - Figure 5 is identical to that of Figure 4, according to a variant.
• - Figure 6 and 7 are views showing traditional cartridge primers.
• - Figure 9 is an end view of this primer.
• - Figure 10 is a view similar to Figure 9, in a variant.
• - Figure _11-1 6 are views amalagues to Figurs 8, following 30 variants.
• 17 is an end view of the primer of FIG. 15.
• - Figure 18 is an end view of the primer of gure 16.
• Figure 19 is a side view of a weapon according to a variant of the invention.
• - Figure 20 and 21 are side views of the subassemblies constituting this weapon
• FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating the functional characteristics of a conventional weapon:
• FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating the operating characteristics of the weapon according to the invention
• - Figure 24 is a side view of a weapon a variant of the invention.
• FIG. 25 is a side view of a weapon according to another variant of the invention,
• - Figure 26 is a view showing the weapon of Figure 24 in section 5 along a longitudinal vertical plane.
• Figure 27 is a section XXVII-XXVII (Figure 2).
• Figure 28 is a section XXVIII-XXVIII (Figure 2).
• - Figure 29 is a view of a weapon according to another variant of the addition, in section by a longitudinal vertical plane XXIX-XXIX (Figure 28).
• Figura 30 is a section XXX-XXX (FIG. 29).
• - Figure 31 is a view of a weapon according to another varianta of the invention, in section along a longitudinal vertical plane.
• 32 is a side view of a weapon according to another variant of the invention.
• - Figure 33 is a view of the same weapon, in section along a longitudinal vertical plane.
• - Figure 34 is a section XXXIV-XXXIV (Fig 24).
• - Figure 35 is a partial top view of a weapon according to another embodiment of the invention.
• 36 is a section XXXVT-XXXVI (FIG. 3).
• - Figure 37 is a view of a weapon according to another embodiment of the invention, in section along a longitudinal horizontal plane.
• - Figures 38 to 40 are views in axial section of three types of primers according to the invention.
• FIGS. 41 to 43 are views in axial section of cartridges respectively equipped with the primers of FIGS. 38 to ₄₀ .
• - Figure 44 is a view of the barrel of a weapon according to another embodiment of the invention, in cross section.
• - Figure 45 is a section.XLV-XLV (fig 4).
• - Figure 46 is a perspective view corresponding to Figure 4.
• - Figure 47 is a view identical to Figure 45, showing a variant.

FIG. 1 shows the schematic diagram of the electronic box for firing a weapon according to the invention. This box contains: a battery of cells or accumulators 1, an integrated circuit 2, a transistor 3, a transformer 4, and a diode 5 in its "converter" section, as well as a thyristor 6, a diode 7, capacitors 8 and 9, an expansion switch 10 and a safety switch 11 in its section "control circuit".

The cartridge 12 provided with an electric primer 13 is shown very schematically: it will be described later in detail.

Transistor 3 is used as a switch. When closed, the battery 1 is directly connected to the primary transformer winding 4. Any variation in voltage in the primary winding causes a variation in intensity, and therefore a variation in flux in the transformer. the core of the transformer 4. The establishment of a collector current 14 of the transistor 3 is equivalent to an alternating opening and closing of the supply circuit of the primary winding of the transformer 4. The frequency of this phenomenon is set by the integrated circuit 2 which takes into account the optimum efficiency of the transformer 4.

sur la figure 2 les piles 1 et le boitier 17 schématisé sur la figure 1. Ces derniers organes sont logés et ciblés dans la crosse .

FIG. 2 shows the stacks 1 and the casing 17 shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1. The latter organs are housed and targeted in the stock.

The main parts removed by the switch to the electric version are recognized by the specialists as being delicate because they require a great precision. In addition, many other parts are greatly simplified.

The contacting members are shown in FIG. 4. It can be seen that the conventional striker is replaced by an elongated metal key 18 which is guided in guides 19 and 20 of insulating material, and which is constantly pushed towards the cartridge. by a spring 21 ₀ This spring is made of a material having a high stiffness, a very good electrical conductivity, and excellent resistance to corrosion of the contact. The spring is connected to one of the terminals of the power circuit, the other terminal being connected to the mass of the rifle, by means of a screw 22.

The switch 10 is constituted here by a microswitch which is controlled directly by the trigger 23. The free rear end of this trigger constantly tends to be pushed in abutment against a fixed pin 24 by a helical spring 25 whose voltage is adjusted by a screw 26.

In general, the parts of the rifle charged with making contact with the munition are made of a metal having, with the metal of the munition, the best insolubility diagram. For example, if the base of the ammunition is brass, that is to say an alloy where copper dominates, the parts of the rifle in contact with the munition will be advantageously made of tungsten or molybdenum.

It can be seen that the closure of the rifle straps the spring 21, and ensures a minimum support force.

According to a variant illustrated in FIG. 5, when it is desired to use sockets made entirely of plastic material, the same contacting members may be retained, but by adding a metal insert 27 in the bottom of the socket to make an electrical contact. enter one end of the filament 28 and the ejector 29 of the rifle, the other end of the filament being in contact with the key.

As an indication, there is shown in Figures 6 and 7, respectively, a short primer and a long primer, both types of primer being commonly used in cartridges for traditional hunting rifles. In both cases, there is a lead nitride charge 30 placed between a front anvil 31 and a rear cup 32. A sealing and protective film 33 is disposed in front of the load 30, between the load and the anvil 31 which includes vents 34. The operation of such a primer is traditional: when the firing pin of the weapon hits the bottom of the cup 32, the lead nitride explodes under the effect of mechanical energy developed, and a flame front escapes forward by the vents 34 to ignite the powder contained in the cartridge.

Figures 8 and 9 show, on an enlarged scale, the constitution of the electric primer 13 of Figure 4. This primer comprises a tubular metal body 35 which encloses an insulator 36. An electrode 37, disposed axially in the primer, is embedded in the insulator 36, and is electrically connected to the body 35 by a filament 38. The filament may consist of a straight wire disposed diametrically at the front end of the tubular body 35 and crimped on the one hand on the body 35 and secondly on the electrode 37. As shown in FIG. 10, the filament 38 may also take the form of a spirally wound wire.

It can be seen that, in view of the presence of the tubular metal body 35, there is good electrical contact with the metal base of the conventional cartridge. This contact is perfect, since the primer is forced into the base.

The operation is that already described: under the effect of the sudden electric discharge, the filament 38 heats to volatilize, and ignites the powder contained in the cartridge.

Figures 11 to 18 show various examples of electrical primers, according to variants.

Thus, in the case of FIG. 11, the filament is constituted by a very thin steel strip 39 also acting as a primer body. Under the effect of the electric discharge, the part of the strip which is not in contact with the base of the cartridge volatilises and ignites the powder.

In the case of FIG. 12, the filament is constituted by a thin layer of metal 40 deposited on an insulating body 41. The metal layer, whose thickness is for example of the order of 2 microns, can be deposited either electrolytically, or by evaporation under vacuum. These manufacturing processes are easily industrialized and rigorously reproducible from one primer to another.

In the case of Figure 13, the filament is constituted by a very thin metal cup 42 whose upper part, or before, comprises cells 43 between which are defined four fuse branches 44 (visible on the folded section shown in fine lines) . The cells make it possible to reduce as much as possible the metal section to be volatilized under the effect of the electric discharge. The center of the front portion of the cup 42 is resistance welded on the front end of the electrode 37.

In the case .de Figure 14, the filament is constituted by a magnesium fuse foam or tungsten-rhenium 4 ₅ of the type used in photographic flash bulbs.

In all cases, it is possible, as in a traditional primer, near the area that will volatilize, a fast powder, this detonating powder increasing the effectiveness of the primer. This powder may for example be housed under the strip 39 of FIG. 11, and under the front part of the metal cup 42 of FIG. 13. The powder may also be contained inside the primer by a film of sealing located at the top of the primer provision that is adopted for the following two cases

In the case of FIGS. 15 and 17, the electrode 46 is shortened, and the filament 47 extends inside a crater provided at the front of the insulator 48. The detonating powder 49 is trapped in this crater thanks to the sealing film 50 disposed against the forward end of the tubular metal body 51.

In the case of FIGS. 16 and 18, the filament 52 is constituted by a folded rearward extension of the front end of the tubular metal body 53.

-et l'évaporation du filament étant suffisantes pour enfl. mer brutalement la poudre contenue dans la cartouche.Despite everything, experience has shown that we can go from explosive powder to the level of the primer, the

and evaporation of the filament being sufficient for enfl. sea abruptly the powder contained in the cartridge.

• - Dans le cas de la mise à feu électrique sans prod- détonant dans l'amorce, on obtient une reproductibilité t listique de tir parfaitement rigoureuse. Les spécialistes timent qu'il s'agit d'un avantage très important. Ils estiment que, dans le cas des cartouches classiques, les différences de balistiques d'une cartouche à l'autre proviennent
  • d'une part, du fait que l'on n'arrive pas à maîtriser rigoureusement la quantité et la qualité de la poudre dé nante ;
  • d'autre part, du fait que celle-ci se modifie dans temps en fonction de l'humidité et de la température.
• - L'absence de poudre détonante telle que le
  
  plomb donne à la cartouche une sécurité absolue, car il connu que, sous l'effet d'un choc sur l'arme ou sur la car-touche, il peut y avoir mise à feu spontanée de la cartouche
• - En modifiant le potentiel électrique de décharge part, et le diamètre et/ou la nature du filament d'autre on peut faire varier à plaisir la balistique de-la carto
• - L'arme fonctionne avec de simples piles à basse t. sion, de type peu coûteux, et reste malgré tout très eff cace. En effet, le boîtier électronique permet la transf mation de la basse tension continue en une basse tension ternative, une transformation de cette basse tension alt native en une tension alternative élevée, grâce au trans formateur 4 (fig 1), puis le redressement de cette derni tension alternative élevée pour obtenir une haute tension continue qui est stockée dans le condensateur 8. Plus ce haute tension continue est élevée, plus la quantité d'élec-tricité stockée dans le condensateur 8 est grande, et meilleure est la mise à feu. Le circuit oscillateur qui délivre la basse tension alternative pourrait être d'un tout autre type.

The use of the weapon and ammunition according to the invention has the following advantages:

• - In the case of the electric firing without prod- sonant in the primer, one obtains a reproductibilité t listique firing perfectly rigorous. Specialists believe that this is a very important benefit. They believe that, in the case of conventional cartridges, the differences in ballistics from one cartridge to another come from
  • on the one hand, because the amount and quality of the de nant powder can not be strictly controlled;
  • on the other hand, because it changes in time as a function of humidity and temperature.
• - The absence of detonating powder such as
  
  lead gives the cartridge an absolute security, because it knows that, under the effect of a shock on the weapon or on the car-key, there can be spontaneous firing of the cartridge
• - By modifying the electric potential of discharge part, and the diameter and / or the nature of the filament of other one can vary with pleasure the ballistics of-the carto
• - The weapon works with simple batteries at low t. low cost, and still remains very effective. Indeed, the electronic unit allows the transfer of the low DC voltage into a low voltage, a transformation of this low voltage alt native into a high AC voltage, thanks to the transformer 4 (fig 1), then the recovery of this the higher AC voltage to obtain a high DC voltage which is stored in the capacitor 8. The higher this high DC voltage, the higher the amount of electricity. Tricity stored in capacitor 8 is large, and better is firing. The oscillator circuit that delivers the low AC voltage could be of a different type.

FIG. 19 shows a weapon according to another variant of the invention. This weapon conforms to the general dispositions already described, but it comprises on the one hand a fixed subassembly comprising the butt 101 and the front wood 102. (Fig 21) and secondly a movable subassembly comprising the barrel 103 and the cylinder head 104 (Fig 20). Slides 105 are provided to allow the relative longitudinal sliding of the two subsets. This damping device can be of any type and known, such as the type of pneumatic hydraulic dampers, electromagnetic mechanics, and others.

Thus, while the kinematic chain of known weapons prevented predicting the relative movement necessary for the gradual absorption of the recoil energy, the provisions of the addition make it possible to introduce this additional degree of freedom between the two. -sets.

This new improvement of the invention has extremely favorable and original consequences. It is known that it is to avoid this violent recoil of the weapon that the ballistics specialists have adopted for the shotgun or the shooting rifle a curve of rise in pressure having the shape of the curve. In this figure, the time is plotted on the abscissa and the pressure in the cylinder head is plotted on the ordinate. A very strong initial slope is observed, and in line with the abscissa 108 the weights and the stuffing out of the barrel, while the shaded area varies as the kinetic energy of the pellets, that is to say that this area is proportional to the initial velocity of the pellets at the exit of the barrel.

We would thus obtain an initial velocity of the pellets, or indeed of any other projectile, higher with a larger area like that which is underpinned by the curve 109 of FIG. 23, but then we would pay this initial velocity increase. by a much more violent retreat. Such a retreat is unacceptable, especially when shooting sporty where a high rate of fire can be held a whole afternoon.

According to a first variant illustrated in FIGS. 24 to 27, a damping of the recoil is obtained by the depression of air chambers, the weapon comprising two subassemblies which can slide relative to one another, while the link that unites the two subsets to each other is reduced to an electrical conductor.

This rifle comprises, on the one hand, a mobile subassembly consisting of two superimposed guns 110 and a cylinder head 111, and on the other hand a fixed subassembly which bears on the shoulder of the user and which is composed of the butt 11 ₂ and the front wood 113. The butt 112 is secured to a support 114 in which slides a piston 115 that a rod ₁ 16 connects to the bottom of the cylinder head 111. The piston 115, which is provided of a lip seal 117, defining in a bore of the support 114 a front chamber 118 which is only connected to the atmosphere via a calibrated channel 119 formed in the rod 116. A rear chamber 120, which is delimited against the rear wall of the support 114 inside a bell-shaped piston 121 capping the rear of the support 114, is only connected to the atmosphere via the clearance provided between the adjacent cylindrical walls said piston 121 and the support 114. The piston 121 is connected to the piston 115 by the intermediate rod 122 coaxial with the rod 116, and located at the rear of the latter. helical spring 123 is compressed between the support 114 and the bottom of the cylinder head 111.

The cylinder head 111 also contains the electric firing device which remains the same as before. This positive device mainly comprises a switch 124 and an electrode holder 125. The two electrodes 126 are mounted on this electrode holder, and are subjected to a force via a helical spring 127, so that when the guns are locked, these electrodes ensure contact with the respective electrical primers of the cartridges. Sleeves 128 and 129 are arranged around each electrode to electrically isolate it from the bottom of the corresponding barrel, and secondly of the electrode holder The arrival of the electric current in the electrodes is provided by means of a very-flexible wire 180, with a cross section of 1 to 2 mm 2.

• Lorsque le tireur appuie sur la détente 131, il ferme l'interrupteur 124 par l'intermédiaire d'une tige de poussée 131a, ce qui a pour effet de commander la gachette du thyristor du circuit électronique correspondant au canon concerné. Ceci provoque la volatilisation du fil fusible de l'amorce, qui met le feu aux poudres suivant un processus déjà décrit en détails ci-dessus.

The operation is as follows:

• When the shooter presses the trigger 131, he closes the switch 124 via a push rod 131a, which has the effect of controlling the trigger of the thyristor of the electronic circuit corresponding to the gun concerned. This causes volatilization of the fuse wire of the primer, which ignites the powders following a process already described in detail above.

This results in a rise in pressure in the chamber of the corresponding barrel. This sudden increase in pressure generates an acceleration of the mass of pellets, following well-defined rules of internal ballistics and mechanics.

The reaction force - characteristic of the retum - is supported on the bottom of the breech and propels the barrel / bolt assembly backwards. The spring 123 limits this displacement.

During the "recoil" phase, the pistons 115 and 121 undergo the same law of movement to the rear dead point: a certain amount of air is introduced into the chambers 118 and 120. During the "return" phase, while the movable subassembly starts again due to a reaction of the spring, the chambers 118 and 120 rise in pressure to slow and dampen this movement until the chambers 118 and 120 are at atmospheric pressure.

According to another variant of the addition illustrated in FIGS. 29 and 30, the damping of the recoil is due to the friction of two parts one on the other.

In this case, the movable subassembly which comprises the guns 110 and the cylinder head 111 is braked during its rearward movements by the friction of gaskets 132 on a part 133 of the fixed subassembly. When the movable subassembly arrives at the rear dead center, its return forward is ensured by the expansion of the springs 134 resting on the cylinder head 111. The clamping force of the packings 132 on the piece 133 is ensured by the washer compression 135 elastics called "BELLEVILLE washers".

According to an improvement of this variant, the clamping force is slaved to the pressure in the combustion chamber at the time of ignition of the cartridge through communication channels 36 provided between the chamber containing the cartridge and the enclosure containing the brakes

• - Deux surfaces de frottement planes 36 solidaires du sous-ensemble fixe, et placées en vis-à-vis.
• - Un alésage transversal 137 aménagé dans le sous-ensemble mobile, cet alésage s'étendant entre les deux surfaces de frottement et perpendiculairement à celles-ci.
• - Deux patins 138 engagés pour coulisser dans l'alésa transversal 137, chacun à une extrémité de cet alésage, ch que patin portant une garniture de friction 139 sur sa fac en contact avec la surface de frottement correspondante.
• - Un piston central 140 monté pour coulisser dans l'a lésage transversal 137.
• - Sur chaque face du piston central, un téton axial 1 susceptible de buter contre l'un des patins.
• - Autour de chaque téton axial, au moins une rondelle élastique 142 comprimée entre le piston central et l'un de patina.
• - Deux conduits 143 établissant chacun un passage ent. une chambre recevant une cartouche et une chambre délimité entre l'un des patins et le piston central.

According to another variant illustrated in FIG. 31, the friction system comprises:

• - Two flat friction surfaces 36 integral fixed subset, and placed vis-à-vis.
• - A transverse bore 137 formed in the movable subassembly, this bore extending between the two friction surfaces and perpendicular thereto.
• Two shoes 138 engaged to slide in the transverse bore 137, each at one end of this bore, ch that pad bearing a friction lining 139 on its fac in contact with the corresponding friction surface.
• - A central piston 140 mounted to slide in the transverse laceration 137.
• - On each face of the central piston, an axial pin 1 may abut against one of the pads.
• Around each axial stud, at least one spring washer 142 compressed between the central piston and one of the patina.
• - Two ducts 143 each establishing a passage ent. a chamber receiving a cartridge and a chamber defined between one of the pads and the central piston.

This particular arrangement of the linings makes it possible to better balance the friction forces between the movable linings and the fixed surfaces associated with the stock.

According to another variant not illustrated in the drawings, the damping of the recoil force is obtained by action of a magnetic field on a polar mass.

et la botte à culasses fixe 148. Chaque culasse est monté pour coulisser dans la boîte à culasses 148, qui constitue l'arrière des canons, et est rappelée en permanence vers l'avant par un ressort hélicoidal 149. Ici, le plan de joint 150 séparant les canons de la boîte à culasses est situé à l'avant des chambres 151 recevant les cartouches. Dans ce cas, l'amortissement du recul est obtenu par la mise en mouvement vers l'arrière de la culasse par rapport au reste du fusil, grâce à l'inertie de la culasse.According to another variant illustrated in FIGS. 34, the movable subassembly is constituted by the two cu-lasses 144 while the fixed subassembly comprises the superposed rods 145, the butt 146, the front wood

and the boot with fixed breeches 148. Each breech is mounted for sliding in the cylinder head box 148, which constitutes the rear of the guns, and is permanently urged forward by a helical spring 149. Here, the joint plane 150 separating the guns from the headbox is located the front of the rooms 151 receiving the cartridges. In this case, the damping of the recoil is obtained by setting rearward movement of the bolt relative to the rest of the rifle, thanks to the inertia of the bolt.

Since the opening of the rifle is around a hinge 152 located at the rear of the joint plane 150, this arrangement makes it possible to clear the openings of the cylinder head box, and thus ensure the ejection of the sockets forward, and not from the sides or back, as in conventional devices.

When the weapon is ready to fire, the springs 149 exert, via the yokes 144, a pre-load on the sockets. The keys 153, which are electrically isolated, are in contact with the respective central electrodes of the electric primers. A spring 154 maintains this contact regardless of the dimensional variations of the plane of the socket relative to the plane of the primer. The electrical energy required for firing is conveyed to a distribution ring 155 by a conductor 156, while a device 157 comprising two brushes and a spring conveys the energy required to the central electrode to the central electrode. departure. The isolation of all this electrical circuit is provided by a plastic such as, for example, Bakelite or others.

When the shooter presses on the trigger 158, it closes the switch 159, which has the effect of controlling the trigger of the thyristor of the electronic circuit corresponding to the barrel, and thus causes the volatilization of the fuse wire of the primer which fires with powders.

As before, the increase in pressure in the chamber of the barrel causes the brutal acceleration of the mass of pellets and gives rise to a force of opposite direction sui, this time, bears on the yoke 144, the latter being braked in its backward movement by the spring 149 corresponding.

To maintain the sleeve 1 in each cartridge box yokes, two triggers are provided 160. Thus, when the sleeve retreats from the cartridge beyond the trigger ₁ 60 corresponding, the latter limits the soft tively forward the socket, to imprison it so in the breech. When the hunter will "break" his rifle, the finger 61 will move back under the action of the stop 162, and transmit this movement at right angle to a rod 16 which will lift the trigger 160. The released sleeve will then be ejected to the before the shooter, which ensures better security.

In any case, the rifle may be made with a traditional, revolving stick, according to FIG. 24. The rifle may also advantageously be made in accordance with the provisions of FIG. 25, that is to say with two keys of control 164 located on the left and right of the handle according to whether the shooter is right-handed or left-handed.

If conventionally shaped detents are used these detents can be made more or less soft to use thanks to adjustable stops.

• - La force maximale F_M ressentie sur l'épaule du ti reur.
• - La quantité de mouvement mV_n qui intervient dans sensation de choc sur l'épaule.
• - L'énergie cinétique
  
  mV² transférée à l'arme par l'éjection des plombs et des gaz, qui est ressentie comme un déséquilibre.

The fact of being able to introduce very fine sophistications of the reversing brake that it would have been impossible to place in a conventional weapon is an advantage of the electric rifle. We know, for example, that the retreat of the weapon involves three magnitudes, each of which has its own kind of nuisance, and which are the following:

• - The maximum force F _M felt on the shoulder of the rider.
• - The amount of movement mV _n that intervenes in shock on the shoulder.
• - The kinetic energy
  
  mV ² transferred to the weapon by the ejection of shots and gases, which is perceived as an imbalance.

However, according to the improvement of the electric weapon equipped with a reversing brake following the addition, it is pos sible to lodge., thanks on the one hand to the degree of freedom introduced between the fixed and mobile subsets, and on the other hand to the considerable relief of the weapon including all the old system of arming and percussion is removed, the means to fight against each of the three nuisances.

During the tests carried out during the development of the weapon according to the invention, it has been demonstrated that to play on all the register of these physiological sensations, that is to say to discard both the three physical quantities corresponding to them, it is necessary to have not two, but three relatively movable sets relative to each other.

Thus, in addition to the two aforementioned subsets which have a degree of freedom with respect to each other, it is advantageous to introduce a crazy mobile having its own inertia.

Figures 35 to 37 show two examples of weapons made according to this principle, and provided with simple and original kinematics such that these weapons are physiologically the effect of recoilless weapons.

In the case of FIGS. 35 and 38, two rotors 165 are mounted on a small carriage 166 which slides freely along the barrels 167. Each rotor is also secured to a toothed pinion 168 or 169 meshing with a longitudinal rack 170 or 171 solidarity with the canons.

In this case, during the retreat back, the reaction that all this set exerts on the barrel is converted into rotational energy on the rotors.

Following the example of Figure 37, the yoke 172 is secured to a small piston 173 which is engaged in a chamber 174 full of an incompressible fluid. Thus, the small piston passes through a large piston 175, its free end being located at the rear of the large piston which delimits the front of the chamber 174. The large piston is subjected in! permanence to the action of return springs 176 which recall it to the rear.

In this case, the end of the recessed assembly tends to reduce the volume available in the chamber 174, the com pressing this chamber by throwing the large piston 175 forward. The springs 176 which connect the two end walls of the chamber 174 absorb the desired portion of the kinetic energy.

According to another variant not shown, the moving parts of the anti-kickback mechanism comprises magnetic masses which, by moving in a solenoid winding, generate an electric current being receivable _- father to recharge the battery packs of the electronic device Firing.

The basic patent application describes several types of short electrical primers similar to the primer of FIG. 38 in which a charge of live explosive powder 177 such as black powder which acts as an ignition amplifier is used. or "booster".

Recent tests have made it possible to verify in the meantime that the use of this relay powder was not necessary by adopting a primer according to that of FIG. 39. This primer comprises a metal body 178 and a central electrode 179 which is several thousand meters higher than the upper plane of the primer. This electrode is mechanically held, and is electrically insulated by a tubular mass of plastic material 180. The. filament 181, which has the shape of a V, connects in two sections the central trode 179 to the body 178 of the primer. The filament 181 is directly in contact with the powder.

During firing, the "breakdown" of the filament inside the powder charge directly ensures that the combustion of this powder is in progress. In this case, the choice of the vivacity of the powder will be made according to a pressure / time criterion, as already explained above. The wave of propagation of the flame front following this arrangement of the filament is perpendicular to each branch of the filament. This propagation wave will particularly interest the chamber of the barrel.

According to a variant illustrated in FIG. 40, the filament 182 is always directly in contact with the powder, but it is placed near the end

Claims (5)

A power-driven weapon characterized in that it contains at least one DC generator and at least one capacitor charged by said generator, as well as a static switch which, controlled by an appropriate control means, causes a sudden discharge. or capacitors by closing the electrical circuit on a resistive element located in the vicinity of the powder of the cartridge, to carry this incandescent resistant element and ignite the powder. 2. Weapon according to claim 1, characterized in that the DC generator delivers high voltage direct current, this generator comprising: an oscillator circuit which is powered by low voltage batteries for supplying a low voltage alternating current; a transformer that transforms the low-voltage alternating current delivered by the oscillator circuit into a high-voltage alternating current; a rectifier circuit which receives this high-voltage alternating current and delivers a high-voltage direct current. 3. Weapon according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the static switch is constituted by a thyristor, its control means being constituted by a micro-switch acting on the trigger circuit of the thyristor. 4. Weapon according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least two accumulation systems, so that at least one is being loaded when the other is operational and maintains the rifle ready to shoot. 5. Weapon according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises, in addition to a firing contactor, two complete disconnectors of the circuit, namely a first disconnector which remains closed as the weapon is not locked, and a second one remains closed until the hunter, ready to fire, has
Thus, the transverse wall 193 of the body 189, which constitutes the propelling piston of the lead charge, becomes sealed thanks to the variation of section of the barrel. This piston carries with it the body 89, and the pellets contained in the cartridge are released when the cartridge comes out of the barrel, by the action of the speed on the chamber containing the pellets, and also thanks to tear primers provided on the body wall 189.
According to another variant illustrated in FIG. 47, it is also possible to produce a cartridge without a socket, with a filament 190 held between electrodes 191 and 192 integral with a rear cover mounted on the plastic body of the cartridge. The body of the cartridge may also be waxed cellulose, or any other bio-degradable or self-combustible material.

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