EP0009287A1 - Elektrischer Apparat mit Spannungsanzapfungen und einem Stufenwähler und/oder einem Lastumschalter - Google Patents

Elektrischer Apparat mit Spannungsanzapfungen und einem Stufenwähler und/oder einem Lastumschalter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0009287A1
EP0009287A1 EP79200510A EP79200510A EP0009287A1 EP 0009287 A1 EP0009287 A1 EP 0009287A1 EP 79200510 A EP79200510 A EP 79200510A EP 79200510 A EP79200510 A EP 79200510A EP 0009287 A1 EP0009287 A1 EP 0009287A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
selector
contacts
inverter
impedance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP79200510A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Etienne Koch
André Rochet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Umicore NV SA
Original Assignee
Ateliers de Constructions Electriques de Charleroi SA
ACEC SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ateliers de Constructions Electriques de Charleroi SA, ACEC SA filed Critical Ateliers de Constructions Electriques de Charleroi SA
Publication of EP0009287A1 publication Critical patent/EP0009287A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
    • H01F29/02—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings
    • H01F29/04—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings having provision for tap-changing without interrupting the load current

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrical appliance comprising a series of sockets and a selector unit and / or a set of switches provided with contacts cooperating with the sockets and connected to a circuit comprising at least one transition impedance, as well as a connection to a main conductor.
  • the selector unit and / or the set of switches are actuated by a control device.
  • a typical example of such a plug-in electrical appliance is a step-type electrical transformer equipped with a tap-changer switch or load selectors.
  • the invention is not however limited to transformers but can be applied to other electrical devices such as compensation inductors, resistance banks or capacitor banks. These devices can be single-phase or can be designed for several phases. As in the vast majority of cases the circuits of the selector crew or the sets of switches of the different phases are identical between them and present differences only when special effects are envisaged, the description below is limited to the single-phase case.
  • Step transformers operating using selector assemblies and / or breaker assemblies for switches, on-load tap-changers are well known and described in numerous patents and other prior documents.
  • a portion of a winding, seat of an electromotive force which one wants to add or subtract is short-circuited by one or more transition impedances set in service during one or more intermediate positions the selector crew or the set of breakers.
  • FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 of the appended drawing are electrical diagrams of the selector or switch apparatus, tap changer.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 represent two successive positions of a switch and on-load tap-changer equipment and FIG. 3 represents a set of switches, all known per se.
  • the two taps of a winding, seat of an electromotive force are connected to two main contacts W and Z and, through resistors R, to two auxiliary contacts, intermediate X and Y
  • a movable contact M connected to a main conductor I can move from a fixed contact W to a contact Z also fixed.
  • the contact M is actuated by a control mechanism, not shown.
  • the movable contact M Starting from contact W ( Figure 1), the movable contact M first connects the fixed contact X. Leaving the contact W, the movable contact M connects the contact X to the fixed contact Y ( Figure 2). On leaving contact X, the movable contact M connects contact Y to contact Z and finally, contact M ends its course when it connects conductor I to contact Z alone.
  • Such asymmetric sequences are achievable using complicated mechanics including particular linkages of the contact control mechanism derived from parallelogram, pantograph, etc. systems.
  • the invention is characterized in that in the selector unit or in the set of switches, at least one inverter is connected in series with at least one of the transition impedances and this between one of the contacts connected to the sockets of the device and the main conductor, and in that the reverser is positioned as a function of the movement of the selector equipment or of the operating cycle of all the switches imposed by the control device. at a time in the operating cycle when its reversal does not cause circulation or a cut in current through its contacts.
  • the transition impedance when switching from a first to a second tap, the transition impedance is connected, generally before the start of the operating cycle, so that when the contacts are switched, the impedance transition is connected to the contact cut last and this regardless of whether the second tap is reached by an addition or subtraction movement of a winding part.
  • FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a 'tapped transformer according to the invention equipped with a switch for on-load tap changer.
  • FIG. 5a to 5f show the various successive phases of the operating cycle of a selector on load for step transformers.
  • FIG. 6 is a variant of a selector under load according to FIG. 5.
  • FIGS. 7a to 7i show the different stages of an operating cycle of a on-load switch equipped with a set of switches and comprising at least one non-linear element.
  • Figures 8, 9 etio a show alternative circuits according to Figures 7a to 7i.
  • Figures 11 to 15 are various diagrams of on-load selectors comprising at least one non-linear element.
  • a step transformer is represented diagrammatically by its main winding 1 and its adjusting winding 2, of which only the taps 3 and 4 of the steps are identified.
  • a selector unit is connected to two sockets of the adjustment winding 2 and includes two main contacts 5 and 6 connected respectively to sockets 3 and 4 of the winding 2.
  • An auxiliary contact 7 of this crew is connected via a transition impedance , in this case a resistor 8, to the movable contact of an inverter 9 whose fixed contacts are connected to the sockets 3 and 4. In the position of the inverter shown in the drawing, the impedance 8 is connected to the socket 3.
  • FIG. 4 represents, offset with respect to each other, the successive positions a, b, c, d, e of a movable contact 10 which cooperates with the contacts 5, 6 and 7.
  • This movable contact 10 is actuated by a control device II consisting of a mechanism 11 set in motion from a reference transmitter 12 which can also control the switching of the inverter 9.
  • the switching of the inverter 9 must take place at a moment of the operating cycle when its reversal causes neither a circulation nor a cut of a current through its contacts, that is to say, for example, before or at the very beginning of the movement of the movable contact 10 when the latter is in position a.
  • the movable contact 10 In position a, the movable contact 10 cooperates with the contact 5 and the line current, coming from the socket 3, is transmitted directly to the main conductor I of the use network. In position b, the movable contact 10 cooperates with the contacts 5 and 7, which has the effect of activating the transition impedance 8. In position c, where the movable contact 10 cooperates only with the intermediate contact 7, the line current also crosses the transition impedance 8, but the break between the contacts 10 and 5 only affects the line current. In position d, where the movable contact 10 cooperates with the contacts 6 and 7, the line current is transferred from the socket 3 to the socket 4. Finally, in position e, the movable contact 10 cooperates only with the contact 6 for the direct line current transfer.
  • the reverser has been represented directly 9 in series with the transition impedance 8.
  • the contacts of the inverter 9 are in direct connection with the sockets 3 and 4 of the adjustment winding 2.
  • An identical result would be obtained if the inverter 9 was connected directly to the auxiliary contact 7, and if a transition impedance was inserted in each circuit separating the contacts of the inverter 9 with the sockets 3 and 4 of the adjustment winding 2.
  • a winding part of a transformer ending in sockets 13 is connected to fixed contacts 14 and 15.
  • the selector assembly is movable relative to the contacts 14 and 15 and comprises three contacts associated 16, 17 and 18.
  • the two extreme contacts 16 and 17 are directly connected to the terminals of the inverter '19 , while the common terminal of this inverter 19 is connected via a transition impedance 20 to the main conductor or to the line direct from use, itself in direct connection with the middle contact 18.
  • Figure 6 shows an equivalent circuit similar to that of Figures 5a to 5f in which the inverter is replaced by two reversers mechanically coupled.
  • the transition impedance 8 is connected to a "+" terminal of a contact of the inverter 21 and to a "-" terminal of a contact of the other inverter 22.
  • the transition impedance 8 is connected to a contact of the first inverter in the "front” sequence and is on the other hand connected to a contact of the second inverter in the "back” sequence.
  • a significant improvement in the breaking qualities of a device according to the invention can be obtained by the use in the circuits of the selector equipment and / or of all the switches of elements with non-linear characteristic such as thyristors, transistors, rectifiers, diodes, triac, GTO, GAT, Zener diodes, either any element having the characteristics of one of the elements mentioned or of a combined set of two or more of these elements such as a thyristor-diode.
  • elements with non-linear characteristic such as thyristors, transistors, rectifiers, diodes, triac, GTO, GAT, Zener diodes, either any element having the characteristics of one of the elements mentioned or of a combined set of two or more of these elements such as a thyristor-diode.
  • At least one non-linear element as defined above is placed in the selector assembly or all of the breakers and connected in series with at least one of the reversers.
  • FIGS 7a to 7i show successive stages of positions of six switches 23 to 28 of a typical assembly.
  • a winding portion delimited by two taps 29 is connected to the breakers, tap selectors 23 and 24 of the assembly.
  • Each breaker 23 and 24 is connected to a socket of an inverter 30 and a socket of an inverter 31 which are coupled between them either mechanically or electromagnetically or in any other suitable manner.
  • the breaker 23 is further connected via the breaker 27 to a main conductor 32.
  • the breaker 24 is connected via the breaker 28 to the main conductor 32.
  • the inverter 30 is connected via the breaker 25 and a thyristor 33 to the main conductor, so that any current which is to be cut by the breaker 25 can be cut beforehand by the thyristor 33.
  • the inverter 31 is connected via the breaker 26 and an impedance 34, generally a resistor, to the main conductor 32 This circuit works as follows:
  • step 7a one of the taps 29 of a step transformer is connected via the breaker 23 and the breaker 27, both closed • to the main conductor 32 which is therefore at the potential of the tap at the input of the breaker 23.
  • a socket 29 can be chosen either to add or to subtract a portion of winding from the step transformer.
  • this socket 29 is chosen and the inverters 30 and 31 are switched to the position shown, valid in the case where the switching passes from a socket 29 at the input of the breaker 23 to another socket 29 to the input of the switch 24.
  • the switch 24 is then closed.
  • step 7 c the breaker 26 closes and allows the flow of a current through the impedance transition 34.
  • the thyristor 33 is made conductive and the breaker 25 is also closed.
  • the breaker 27 opens without a recovery voltage appearing at its terminals since it is short-circuited by the breaker 25 and the thyristor 33.
  • the thyristor control 33 is interrupted and, after the current has passed through zero, the latter remains blocked.
  • the breaker 25 is opened without having to cut the current already interrupted by the thyristor 33. However, the current continues to flow via the impedance 34, but now takes its source in the socket 29 at the input of the breaker 24.
  • the breaker 28 closes and short-circuits the breaker 26.
  • the breaker 26 opens without having to cut the current which now flows directly through the breaker 28.
  • the breaker 23 opens after all current has stopped flowing through its contacts.
  • FIG. 8 differs from concerns Figures 7a-i 7 in that an additional breaker 35 is disposed between the common point of resistor 34 and thyristor 33 and the main conductor 32.
  • the breaker 35 is closed only during the transition from one outlet to another and performs a safety function. Otherwise everything remains identical to the circuit according to Figures 7a to 7i.
  • FIG. 9 is a variant of the diagram according to FIGS. 7a to 7i.
  • the breaker 25 is replaced there by two breakers 36 and 37 connected to the contacts of the reverser 30.
  • the diagram in Figure 10 is equivalent to the diagram in Figure 9. Indeed, the inverter 30 and the breaker 26 are replaced by two breakers 30 'and 30 "and the breakers 36' and 37 'assume here the function of l 'inverter 31. For greater safety, the thyristor 33 is split and replaced by two thyristors 33' and 33 ". It is obvious that in all cases, a set of four breakers suitably coupled mechanically or electromagnetically can replace a set of two inverters.
  • FIG. 11 shows a selector system with four mobile contacts 38, 39, 40, 41 which move together in front of fixed contact pads of which 42 and 43 are identified.
  • the movable contact of an inverter 44 is connected to a main conductor 32.
  • the fixed contacts of the inverter 44 are connected to two groups of selector contacts 38, 39 and 40,41.
  • an impedance 45 and in parallel on this impedance a thyristor 46.
  • a impedance 47 and a thyristor 48 in parallel with this impedance.
  • a thyristor 49 is disposed between the two groups of selector contacts, ie between contacts 39 and 40.
  • the crew moves from one fixed contact to the other, by example of contact 42 to contact 43. In this case the reverser 44 is put in the position shown.
  • the thyristors 46, 48 and 49 are made conductive.
  • the control of the thyristor 48 is interrupted so that it blocks before the contact 39 leaves the contact 42.
  • the control of the thyristor 46 is interrupted so that it blocks before contact 41 reaches contact 43.
  • the thyristor 49 control is interrupted so that it blocks before contact 38 leaves the contact 42. In this way none of the contacts 38, 39, 40, 41 has any current to be cut, all the cuts being made using the thyristors 46, 48, 49.
  • the inverter 44 is put in the other position and the thyristors are blocked in the following order: 46,48,49.
  • the thyristors 46, 48, 49 are arranged so as to be connected in series with the inverter 44 since the distance between two fixed contacts such as 42 and 43 is always greater than the distance between contacts 38 and 40 or 39 and 41.
  • the selector device according to Figure 11 is suitable in cases where the voltage difference between two fixed contacts 42 and 43 is relatively large. For lower voltage differences, the circuit according to Figure 10 can be simplified.
  • FIG. 12 shows a selector unit comprising the selector contacts 39, 40 and 50 which move in front of the fixed contacts 42 42 and 43.
  • two reversers 51 and 52 mechanically coupled connect the contacts 39 and 40 in series.
  • the impedance 47 is interposed between the reverser 52 in series with the contact 40 and the main conductor 32 and the impedance 45 between the main conductor 32 and the contact 39 in series with the inverter 51.
  • the inverter 51 is connected to a circuit comprising a thyristor 53 in series with an impedance 45 and a thyristor 46 placed in parallel.
  • thyristors 53 and 46 are made conductive before contact 50 leaves contact 42.
  • the control of thyristor 46 is interrupted so that the latter blocks on the next zero current pass.
  • the control of the thyristor 53 is interrupted so that the latter blocks before the contact 39 leaves the contact 42. In this way one of the contacts 39, 50 and 40 does not have to cut off a current. These contacts therefore wear very little.
  • FIG. 12 A variant of the selector device according to FIG. 11 is shown in FIG. 12.
  • a thyristor 54 is connected in series with the impedance 45 and a thyristor 55 is connected in parallel on the impedance 45 and the thyristor 54.
  • the operation of this circuit is identical to that of FIG. 11, if the thyristor 55 is controlled like the thyristor 46 and the thyristor 54 like the thyristor 53.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
EP79200510A 1978-09-18 1979-09-14 Elektrischer Apparat mit Spannungsanzapfungen und einem Stufenwähler und/oder einem Lastumschalter Withdrawn EP0009287A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP78200194 1978-09-18
EP78200194 1978-09-18

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0009287A1 true EP0009287A1 (de) 1980-04-02

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP79200510A Withdrawn EP0009287A1 (de) 1978-09-18 1979-09-14 Elektrischer Apparat mit Spannungsanzapfungen und einem Stufenwähler und/oder einem Lastumschalter

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Country Link
EP (1) EP0009287A1 (de)
JP (1) JPS5541800A (de)
ES (1) ES484225A1 (de)
PT (1) PT70186A (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4792488A (en) * 1985-10-11 1988-12-20 W. R. Grace & Co. High oxygen barrier coextruded film
WO1998048432A1 (de) * 1997-04-22 1998-10-29 Elin Oltc Stufenschalter Für Transformatoren Gmbh Schaltungsanordnung bei einem lastumschalter
DE102010050882A1 (de) * 2010-11-09 2012-05-10 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Stufenschalter
CN105206402A (zh) * 2015-11-10 2015-12-30 刁俊起 一种新型变压器有载调压开关
CN113235333A (zh) * 2021-04-25 2021-08-10 吴永尚 一种用于铁路钢轨夹板表面螺钉自动上紧设备
CN113889329A (zh) * 2021-09-26 2022-01-04 上海华明电力设备制造有限公司 一种有载分接开关切换方法、电路以及装置

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE904079C (de) * 1943-02-21 1954-02-15 Siemens Ag Lastschalter fuer Stufenregeleinrichtungen von Transformatoren, Drosselspulen od. dgl.
DD40772A1 (de) * 1964-03-18 1965-08-25 Lastumschalter für Transformatoren und Drosselspulen
FR1509842A (fr) * 1966-02-02 1968-01-12 Licentia Gmbh Dispositif de réglage pour transformateurs à prises
FR1549903A (de) * 1967-01-11 1968-12-13
AT303208B (de) * 1968-07-25 1972-11-10 Elin Union Ag Schaltungsanordnung zur Leistungsschaltung bzw. Lastschaltung oder Lastumschaltung mit mindestens einem steuerbaren Ventil
DE2125471A1 (de) * 1971-05-22 1972-12-07 Transformatoren Union Ag Anordnung und Verfahren zur unterbrechungslosen Lastumschaltung bei Stufentransformatoren
DE2731133B1 (de) * 1977-07-09 1978-12-07 Reinhausen Maschf Scheubeck Stufenschalter fuer Stufentransformatoren mit einem unter OEl betriebenen Kontaktsystem
DE2757425A1 (de) * 1977-12-22 1979-06-28 Transformatoren Union Ag Lastumschalter fuer transformatoren

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE904079C (de) * 1943-02-21 1954-02-15 Siemens Ag Lastschalter fuer Stufenregeleinrichtungen von Transformatoren, Drosselspulen od. dgl.
DD40772A1 (de) * 1964-03-18 1965-08-25 Lastumschalter für Transformatoren und Drosselspulen
FR1509842A (fr) * 1966-02-02 1968-01-12 Licentia Gmbh Dispositif de réglage pour transformateurs à prises
FR1549903A (de) * 1967-01-11 1968-12-13
AT303208B (de) * 1968-07-25 1972-11-10 Elin Union Ag Schaltungsanordnung zur Leistungsschaltung bzw. Lastschaltung oder Lastumschaltung mit mindestens einem steuerbaren Ventil
DE2125471A1 (de) * 1971-05-22 1972-12-07 Transformatoren Union Ag Anordnung und Verfahren zur unterbrechungslosen Lastumschaltung bei Stufentransformatoren
DE2731133B1 (de) * 1977-07-09 1978-12-07 Reinhausen Maschf Scheubeck Stufenschalter fuer Stufentransformatoren mit einem unter OEl betriebenen Kontaktsystem
DE2757425A1 (de) * 1977-12-22 1979-06-28 Transformatoren Union Ag Lastumschalter fuer transformatoren

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4792488A (en) * 1985-10-11 1988-12-20 W. R. Grace & Co. High oxygen barrier coextruded film
WO1998048432A1 (de) * 1997-04-22 1998-10-29 Elin Oltc Stufenschalter Für Transformatoren Gmbh Schaltungsanordnung bei einem lastumschalter
DE102010050882A1 (de) * 2010-11-09 2012-05-10 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Stufenschalter
CN105206402A (zh) * 2015-11-10 2015-12-30 刁俊起 一种新型变压器有载调压开关
CN113235333A (zh) * 2021-04-25 2021-08-10 吴永尚 一种用于铁路钢轨夹板表面螺钉自动上紧设备
CN113889329A (zh) * 2021-09-26 2022-01-04 上海华明电力设备制造有限公司 一种有载分接开关切换方法、电路以及装置
CN113889329B (zh) * 2021-09-26 2023-12-15 上海华明电力设备制造有限公司 一种有载分接开关切换方法、电路以及装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PT70186A (fr) 1979-10-01
JPS5541800A (en) 1980-03-24
ES484225A1 (es) 1980-05-16

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