EP0008697B1 - Use of alkali chloroferrate (ii,iii) as filler for grinding discs and grinding disc containing said filler - Google Patents

Use of alkali chloroferrate (ii,iii) as filler for grinding discs and grinding disc containing said filler Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0008697B1
EP0008697B1 EP79102877A EP79102877A EP0008697B1 EP 0008697 B1 EP0008697 B1 EP 0008697B1 EP 79102877 A EP79102877 A EP 79102877A EP 79102877 A EP79102877 A EP 79102877A EP 0008697 B1 EP0008697 B1 EP 0008697B1
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iii
filler
alkali metal
grinding
chloroferrate
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EP79102877A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0008697A1 (en
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Rudolf Dr. Hirschberg
Bernd Dr. Schönfeld
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Honeywell Riedel de Haen AG
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Riedel de Haen AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/34—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties
    • B24D3/342—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties incorporated in the bonding agent
    • B24D3/344—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties incorporated in the bonding agent the bonding agent being organic

Abstract

In grinding disks, toxic lead chloride and antimony sulfide may be replaced by non-toxic alkali metal chloroferrates (II,III) produced by melting together alkali metal chloride, anhydrous ferric chloride and iron powder.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung von Alkalichloroferrat (11, III) als nichttoxischer aktiver Füllstoff in Schleifscheiben und die Schleifscheibe, die diesen Füllstoff enthält.The invention relates to the use of alkali chloroferrate (11, III) as a non-toxic active filler in grinding wheels and the grinding wheel which contains this filler.

Schleifscheiben, z.B. zum Trennschleifen, bestehen aus einem Schleifmittel, einem Bindemittel und aktiven Füllstoffen. Die Wirkungsweise dieser Füllstoffe ist nicht mit hinreichender Sicherheit geklärt, möglicherweise haben sie die Aufgabe, während des Schleifvorganges die Kontaktzone zu kühlen und zwischen Schleifmittelkorn und Werkstück einen Schutz- und Gleitfilm zu bilden. Dadurch wird eine übermässige Abnutzung der Schleifscheiben verhindert und eine gute Schnittqualität erreicht. Bei Abwesenheit derartiger aktiver Füllstoffe zeigt die Schnittfläche Anlauffarben, während sie bei Verwendung eines wirksamen Füllstoffs ein blankes Aussehen aufweist.Grinding wheels, e.g. for abrasive cutting, consist of an abrasive, a binder and active fillers. The mode of action of these fillers has not been clarified with sufficient certainty; they may have the task of cooling the contact zone during the grinding process and forming a protective and sliding film between the abrasive grain and the workpiece. This prevents excessive wear on the grinding wheels and achieves good cutting quality. In the absence of such active fillers, the cut surface shows tarnish colors, while when using an effective filler it has a bare appearance.

Es wurde bereits eine grosse Anzahl von Substanzen zum Einsatz als aktive Füllstoffe vorgeschlagen. Mann kann z. B. alle nicht wasserhaltigen, aber wasserlöslichen, nicht oxidierenden anorganischen Alkali- und Erdalkalisalze mit Schmelzpunkten von 700-1200°C als aktive Füllstoffe verwenden (vgl. US-Patentschrift 2216135). Es können aber auch oxidierende Stoffe wie Kaliumpermanganat oder Natriumbichromat, oder niedrig schmelzende Metalle wie Zink, Cadmium, Zinn, Blei, Antimon und Wismut eingesetzt werden (vgl. US-Patentschriften 1984423 und 2258774). In derTechnik haben sich jedoch insbesondere für Verwendung in Trennscheiben nur Bleichlorid (PbCl2) und Antimonsulfid (Sb2S3) durchgesetzt, gegebenenfalls im Gemenge mit weiteren Hilfsstoffen. Ferner ist die Herstellung von Alkalimetall-Tetrachloroferraten der Formel XFeC14 bekannt, wobei X ein Alkalimetallkation darstellt (vgl. deutsche Offenlegungsschrift 2110611); diese Ferrate sollen nützlich sein in einem Verfahren zur Herstellung von Chlor.A large number of substances have already been proposed for use as active fillers. You can e.g. B. use all non-water-containing, but water-soluble, non-oxidizing inorganic alkali and alkaline earth salts with melting points of 700-1200 ° C as active fillers (cf. US Pat. No. 2,216,135). However, oxidizing substances such as potassium permanganate or sodium bichromate, or low-melting metals such as zinc, cadmium, tin, lead, antimony and bismuth can also be used (cf. US Pat. Nos. 1984423 and 2258774). In engineering, however, only lead chloride (PbCl 2 ) and antimony sulfide (Sb 2 S 3 ) have become established, especially for use in cutting discs, if necessary in a mixture with other auxiliaries. Furthermore, the production of alkali metal tetrachloroferrates of the formula XFeC1 4 is known, where X is an alkali metal cation (cf. German laid-open specification 2110611); these ferrates are said to be useful in a process for the production of chlorine.

Beim Schleifvorgang verdampfen die Füllstoffe. Da Blei und Antimon eine hohe Toxizität aufweisen, ergeben sich bei Verwendung von mit diesen Stoffen ausgerüsteten Schleifscheiben Umweltprobleme. Man hat versucht dem Rechnung zu tragen, indem die Schleifmaschine mit Absaugvorrichtungen ausgerüstet wurden. Diese Vorrichtungen sind jedoch sehr aufwendig, erschweren die Schleifarbeiten und vermögen häufig auch nicht die Einhaltung der am Arbeitsplatz maximal zulässigen Konzentrationswerte zu gewährleisten. Deswegen erschien es zweckmässig, die umweltbelastenden Substanzen zu vermeiden.The fillers evaporate during the grinding process. As lead and antimony are highly toxic, environmental problems arise when using grinding wheels equipped with these substances. Attempts have been made to take this into account by equipping the grinding machine with suction devices. However, these devices are very complex, complicate the grinding work and often fail to ensure compliance with the maximum concentration values permitted at the workplace. Therefore, it seemed appropriate to avoid the environmentally harmful substances.

Der Erfindung lag daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, Bleichlorid oder Antimonsulfid als aktiver Füllstoff in Schleifscheiben durch einen ähnlich wirksamen, ungiftigen und preiswerten Stoff zu ersetzen. Die Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung von Alkalichloroferrat (II, III) der Formel (I)

Figure imgb0001
wobei A ein Alkalimetallion oder ein Ammoniumion ist, x eine Zahl von 1 bis 10, y eine Zahl von Null bis 1, z eine Zahl von Null bis 1 ist und y und z nicht gleichzeitig Null sind, als nichttoxischer aktiver Füllstoff in Schleifscheiben. Insbesondere eignen sich als aktiver Füllstoff Alkalichloroferrate (11) der Formel (I) wobei A ein Alkalimetallion, x eine Zahl von 1 bis 6, y gleich 1 und z gleich Null ist, in Mengen von 3 bis 15, vorzugsweise 4 bis 10 Gew.-% (bezogen auf das Gewicht der gesamten Schleifscheibe).The invention was therefore based on the object of replacing lead chloride or antimony sulfide as an active filler in grinding wheels with a similarly effective, non-toxic and inexpensive substance. The invention relates to the use of alkali chloroferrate (II, III) of the formula (I)
Figure imgb0001
 where A is an alkali metal ion or an ammonium ion, x is a number from 1 to 10, y is a number from zero to 1, z is a number from zero to 1 and y and z are not simultaneously zero, as a non-toxic active filler in grinding wheels. Particularly suitable as an active filler are alkali metal chloroferrates (11) of the formula (I) where A is an alkali metal ion, x is a number from 1 to 6, y is 1 and z is zero, in amounts of 3 to 15, preferably 4 to 10,% by weight. -% (based on the weight of the entire grinding wheel).

Die erfindungsgemäss als aktiver Füllstoff für Schleifscheiben zu verwendenden Alkalichloroferrate (II, III) sind nichttoxisch und hinsichtlich der Schnittleistung ähnlich wirksam wie die zu ersetzenden toxischen Stoffe. Sie sind darüberhinaus auch preiswert herzustellen, z. B. nach einem Verfahren, bei dem ein oder mehrere Alkalichloride oder Ammonchlorid, wasserfreies Eisen(III)chlorid und Eisenpulver miteinander verschmolzen werden.The alkali chloroferrates (II, III) to be used according to the invention as an active filler for grinding wheels are non-toxic and, in terms of cutting performance, are just as effective as the toxic substances to be replaced. They are also inexpensive to manufacture, e.g. B. by a method in which one or more alkali chlorides or ammonium chloride, anhydrous iron (III) chloride and iron powder are fused together.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist die Verwendung eines Alkalichloroferrats (II, III), das durch Verschmelzen der vorgenannten Ausgangsstoffe in Kombination mit einer basischen anorganischen Verbindung, z. B. Zinkoxid, Kaliumcarbonat oder Natriumsulfid, hergestellt worden ist. Dabei beträgt die Menge der basischen Verbindung vorzugsweise 2 bis 5 Gewichtsprozent (bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge aller Ausgangsstoffe). Diese Kombination zeigt eine geringere Acidität als das reine Alkalichloroferrat (II, III). Beispielsweise erhöht sich der pH-Wert einer 5-gewichtsprozentigen wässrigen Aufschlämmung von K2FeCl4·2KCl von 3,8 auf 5,2, wenn zusätzlich 5% Zn0 eingeschmolzen wurden; bei zusätzlicher Verwendung von 3% K2C03 ergibt sich entsprechend ein pH-Wert von 4,8.It is particularly advantageous to use an alkali chloroferrate (II, III) which is obtained by fusing the aforementioned starting materials in combination with a basic inorganic compound, for. B. zinc oxide, potassium carbonate or sodium sulfide has been prepared. The amount of the basic compound is preferably 2 to 5 percent by weight (based on the total amount of all starting materials). This combination shows a lower acidity than the pure alkali chloroferrate (II, III). For example, the pH of a 5% by weight aqueous slurry of K 2 FeCl 4 .2KCl increases from 3.8 to 5.2 if an additional 5% Zn0 has been melted down; with additional use of 3% K 2 C0 3 , a pH of 4.8 results accordingly.

Als Alkalimetallionen kommen im Prinzip Lithium-, Natrium- und Kaliumionen in Betracht. Auch der Einbau von Ammoniumionen anstelle von Alkalimetallionen oder zusätzlich zu diesen kann in Betracht gezogen werden. Bei der technischen Anwendung muss der aktive Füllstoff eine möglichst kleine Hygroskopizität besitzen. Die Hygroskopizität des erfindungsgemässen Füllstoffes hängt von Art und Menge des Alkaligehaltes und vom Eisen(lll)-Gehalt ab. Sie vermindert sich in der Reihe Lithium, Natrium, Kalium. Zu geringer Alkaligehalt und zu grosser Eisen(III)-Gehalt erhöhen die Hygroskopizität. Sehr grosser Alkaligehalt erhöht die Hygroskopizität ebenfalls. Am vorteilhaftesten sind Eisen(III)-arme Natrium- oder Kaliumchloroferrate, etwa der Zusammensetzung AxFeClx+2 (x=1 bis 6), also z. B. die bekannten Verbindungen KFeCl3, K2FeCl4, Na2FeCl4, NaK- 3FeC16 oder Mischungen derselben untereinander oder im Gemisch mit Kaliumchlorid oder Natriumchlorid.In principle, lithium, sodium and potassium ions come into consideration as alkali metal ions. The incorporation of ammonium ions instead of or in addition to alkali metal ions can also be considered. In technical applications, the active filler must be as hygroscopic as possible. The hygroscopicity of the filler according to the invention depends on the type and amount of the alkali content and on the iron (III) content. It decreases in the series lithium, sodium, potassium. Too little alkali and too much iron (III) increase hygroscopicity. Very high alkali content also increases hygroscopicity. The most advantageous are low iron (III) sodium or potassium chloroferrates, such as the composition A x FeCl x + 2 (x = 1 to 6), that is, for. B. the known Compounds KFeCl 3 , K 2 FeCl 4 , Na 2 FeCl 4 , NaK- 3 FeC1 6 or mixtures thereof with each other or in a mixture with potassium chloride or sodium chloride.

Die gemäss der Erfindung verwendeten Füllstoffe können allein oder mit anderen Füllstoffen gemischt für Schleifscheiben verwendet werden. Bei Verwendung dieser Füllstoffe für Schleifscheiben hat es sich überraschenderweise herausgestellt, dass man gegenüber der Verwendung von Bleichlorid und Antimonsulfid mit erheblich kleineren Mengen auskommen kann, ohne dass die Schnittqualität leidet. So genügt ein Zusatz von 10% Alkalichloroferrat (11) anstelle von 20% Bleichlorid. Dies wirkt sich in vorteilhafter Weise so aus, dass die Sprenggeschwindigkeit, d. h. die Umfangsgeschwindigkeit, bei der die Schleifscheibe zerspringt, der mit dem erfindungsgemässen Füllstoff hergestellten Schleifscheibe um etwa 10% gegenüber der mit Bleichlorid hergestellten gesteigert werden kann.The fillers used according to the invention can be used alone or mixed with other fillers for grinding wheels. When using these fillers for grinding wheels, it has surprisingly been found that, compared with the use of lead chloride and antimony sulfide, it is possible to use considerably smaller amounts without the cutting quality suffering. An addition of 10% alkali chloroferrate (11) instead of 20% lead chloride is sufficient. This has the advantageous effect that the blasting speed, i. H. the peripheral speed at which the grinding wheel breaks, the grinding wheel produced with the filler according to the invention can be increased by approximately 10% compared to that produced with lead chloride.

Die Erfindung wird anhand der folgenden Beispiele erläutert.The invention is illustrated by the following examples.

BeispieleExamples

Es wurden gleichartige Versuchs-Trennschleifscheiben aus Phenolharz, Korundpulver und aktivem Füllstoff von ca. 600mm Durchmesser und ca. 8mm Dicke hergestellt. Die Scheiben wurden auf einer Schleifmaschine mit steigender Umfangsgeschwindigkeit in Rotation versetzt bis eine Zerstörung eintrat. Der entsprechende Wert ist unter Sprenggeschwindigkeit in Tabelle I aufgeführt.Similar test cut-off wheels were made from phenolic resin, corundum powder and active filler, approx. 600mm in diameter and approx. 8mm thick. The disks were rotated on a grinding machine with increasing peripheral speed until destruction occurred. The corresponding value is listed under Blasting Speed in Table I.

Sodann wurden Scheiben gleicher Zusammensetzung zum Trennschleifen eingesetzt. Dazu wurden stabförmige Werkstücke von 100x 100mm Querschnitt aus einer für Prüfzwecke standardisierten handelsüblichen Stahllegierung «CK 45 normalisiert» eingesetzt. Es wurden mit der jeweiligen Trennscheibe eine Anzahl von Schnitten senkrecht zur Längsachse durchgeführt, und der Durchmesserverlust der Trennscheibe pro Schnitt wurde bestimmt. Ausserdem wurde die spezifische Trennleistung ermittelt, die sich aus Abnahme des Werkstücks pro Zeit in cm2/s ergibt, und der Leistungsfaktor, der den Quotienten aus Abnahme des Werkstücks und Abnahme des Querschnitts der Trennscheibe, jeweils gemessen in cm2, darstellt. Darüberhinaus wurden die Leistungsaufnahme der Schleifmaschine während des Schleifvorgangs registriert und das Profil der Trennscheibe und das Aussehen der Schnittfläche des Werkstücks nach dem Schleifvorgang begutachtet. Die entsprechenden Werte sind in Tabelle I zusammengestellt.Then disks of the same composition were used for abrasive cutting. For this purpose, rod-shaped workpieces with a cross-section of 100 x 100 mm made of a standard steel alloy «CK 45 normalized», which is standardized for testing purposes, were used. A number of cuts were made perpendicular to the longitudinal axis with the respective cutting disc, and the diameter loss of the cutting disc per cut was determined. In addition, the specific cutting performance, which results from the decrease in the workpiece per time in cm 2 / s, and the power factor, which is the quotient of the decrease in the workpiece and the decrease in the cross section of the cutting disc, each measured in cm 2 , were determined. In addition, the power consumption of the grinding machine during the grinding process was recorded and the profile of the cutting disc and the appearance of the cut surface of the workpiece were assessed after the grinding process. The corresponding values are summarized in Table I.

Die in Tabell I mit V1 und V2 bezeichneten Beispiele sind Vergleichsbeispiele ohne Verwendung eines aktiven Füllstoffs oder mit Bleichlorid als Füllstoff gemäss Stand der Technik.

Figure imgb0002
The examples designated V1 and V2 in Table I are comparative examples without the use of an active filler or with lead chloride as filler according to the prior art.
Figure imgb0002

Claims (4)

1. Use of alkali metal chloroferrate (II, III) of the formula I
Figure imgb0004
in which A is an alkali metal ion or an ammonium ion, x is a number from 1 to 10, y is a number from zero to 1, and z is a number from zero to 1, with the proviso that y and z are not simultaneously zero, as non-toxic active filler in grinding disks.
2. Use of alkali metal chloroferrate (II) of the formula (I), in which A is an alkali metal ion, x is a number from 1 to 6, y equals 1 and z equals zero, as non-toxic active filler in grinding disks in an amount of from 3 to 15 percent by weight (relative to the weight of the whole grinding disk).
3. Use of alkali metal chloroferrate (II, III) of the formula (I), which has been produced by melting an alkali metal chloride or ammonium chloride, water-free iron(III) chloride and iron powder in combination with a basic inorganic compound.
4. Grinding disk, characterized in that it contains alkali metal chloroferrate (II, III) of the formula (I) as non-toxic active filler.
EP79102877A 1978-08-14 1979-08-09 Use of alkali chloroferrate (ii,iii) as filler for grinding discs and grinding disc containing said filler Expired EP0008697B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT79102877T ATE3140T1 (en) 1978-08-14 1979-08-09 USE OF ALKALINE LOROFERRATE (II,III) AS FILLER IN GRINDING WHEELS AND GRINDING WHEELS CONTAINING THE FILLER.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19782835543 DE2835543A1 (en) 1978-08-14 1978-08-14 NON-TOXIC ACTIVE FILLER IN GRINDING WHEELS
DE2835543 1978-08-14

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EP0008697A1 EP0008697A1 (en) 1980-03-19
EP0008697B1 true EP0008697B1 (en) 1983-04-27

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EP (1) EP0008697B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS5531589A (en)
AT (1) ATE3140T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1133262A (en)
DE (2) DE2835543A1 (en)
DK (1) DK337579A (en)
FI (1) FI63879C (en)
NO (1) NO792636L (en)

Cited By (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3112953A1 (en) * 1980-04-01 1982-01-28 Tyrolit-Schleifmittelwerke Swarovski KG, 6130 Schwaz, Tirol GRINDING BODY WITH ABRASIVE GRAIN
EP0299950A1 (en) * 1987-07-17 1989-01-18 Chemson Polymer-Additive Gesellschaft M.B.H. Halogen-containing fillers for abrasive articles, method for the production of these fillers and abrasive articles containing them
EP0375803A1 (en) * 1988-12-30 1990-07-04 Tyrolit Schleifmittelwerke Swarovski KG Abrasive body

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DE3026294A1 (en) * 1980-07-11 1982-02-18 Riedel-De Haen Ag, 3016 Seelze CHLOROFLUOROFERRATE (II, III), METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF, ITS USE AND GRINDING WHEEL CONTAINING CHLOROFLUOROFERRATE (II, III)
AT372894B (en) * 1981-07-20 1983-11-25 Swarovski Tyrolit Schleif GRINDING BODY
US4475926A (en) * 1982-02-25 1984-10-09 Norton Company Active filler for grinding wheels
US5232468A (en) * 1990-02-13 1993-08-03 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Abrasive products bonded with color stabilized base catalyzed phenolic resin
US5219463A (en) * 1990-02-13 1993-06-15 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Abrasives containing ammonium fluoride-based grinding aid
US5110320A (en) * 1990-02-13 1992-05-05 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Abrasive products bonded with color stabilized base catalyzed phenolic resin
US5110321A (en) * 1990-02-13 1992-05-05 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Abrasives containing ammonium fluoride-based grinding aid
US5061295A (en) * 1990-10-22 1991-10-29 Norton Company Grinding wheel abrasive composition
JPH0710500B2 (en) * 1990-11-24 1995-02-08 ノリタケダイヤ株式会社 Resin polisher for stone polishing

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3112953A1 (en) * 1980-04-01 1982-01-28 Tyrolit-Schleifmittelwerke Swarovski KG, 6130 Schwaz, Tirol GRINDING BODY WITH ABRASIVE GRAIN
EP0299950A1 (en) * 1987-07-17 1989-01-18 Chemson Polymer-Additive Gesellschaft M.B.H. Halogen-containing fillers for abrasive articles, method for the production of these fillers and abrasive articles containing them
EP0375803A1 (en) * 1988-12-30 1990-07-04 Tyrolit Schleifmittelwerke Swarovski KG Abrasive body
EP0379633A2 (en) * 1988-12-30 1990-08-01 Tyrolit Schleifmittelwerke Swarovski KG Abrasive means
EP0379633A3 (en) * 1988-12-30 1990-09-26 Tyrolit Schleifmittelwerke Swarovski KG Abrasive means

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FI63879C (en) 1983-09-12
DE2965285D1 (en) 1983-06-01
CA1133262A (en) 1982-10-12
NO792636L (en) 1980-02-15
JPS5531589A (en) 1980-03-05
EP0008697A1 (en) 1980-03-19
JPS6254628B2 (en) 1987-11-16
DE2835543A1 (en) 1980-02-28
ATE3140T1 (en) 1983-05-15
US4263016A (en) 1981-04-21
FI63879B (en) 1983-05-31
DK337579A (en) 1980-02-15
FI792499A (en) 1980-02-15

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