EP0005376A1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung dekorativer Embleme - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Herstellung dekorativer Embleme Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0005376A1
EP0005376A1 EP19790300786 EP79300786A EP0005376A1 EP 0005376 A1 EP0005376 A1 EP 0005376A1 EP 19790300786 EP19790300786 EP 19790300786 EP 79300786 A EP79300786 A EP 79300786A EP 0005376 A1 EP0005376 A1 EP 0005376A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
substrate
aluminium foil
top surface
plastic
inch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19790300786
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0005376B1 (de
Inventor
Robert E. Waugh
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
DL Auld Co
Original Assignee
DL Auld Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by DL Auld Co filed Critical DL Auld Co
Publication of EP0005376A1 publication Critical patent/EP0005376A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0005376B1 publication Critical patent/EP0005376B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/30—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by gravity only, i.e. flow coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
    • B44C1/20—Applying plastic materials and superficially modelling the surface of these materials

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for making decorative emblems, plaques, panels, etc., which have a cured plastic layer over a decorative surface and, more particularly, it relates to a method for flow coating a fluent plastic material onto a decorative substrate to give a uniform thickness coated substrate from which emblems, plaques, or panels are formed.
  • Decorative plaques and emblems are widely used throughout a number of industries, including the automotive and appliance fields.
  • a colored vitreous frit was flowed into a bronze substrate and fired at 1250°F.
  • the glass-like vitreous enamel served to beautify the product and protect the decorative substrate from weathering should the plaque or emblem - be exposed to the environment.
  • Another problem is that the foil shapes are cast individually and the manufacturing process can as a result be too cumbersome and costly for some purposes. Accordingly, the need exists for yet another improved process for producing decorative emblems which is less expensive, more efficient and which yields a product which can be formed to different three-dimensional shapes if desired.
  • the present invention meets that need by utilizing a flow coating process to apply a clear plastic material to a decorative substrate from which individual emblems and plaques may then be stamped and shaped.
  • flow coating per se is known in a number of areas.
  • U. S. Patents No. 3,875,893 to Riley and 3,431,889 to Fraatz both disclose flow-coating processes using multiple orifices to lay down a thin film onto a flat surface. But Fraatz and Riley do not relate to emblem or plaque manufacturing processes where a clear plastic is applied to a decorative substrate.
  • the present invention utilizes such a flow coating process to produce decorative emblems in a manner more conducive to mass production than the process of my copending application Serial No. 702,194.
  • the depth and beauty of the lens effect achieved by the process of that copending application is not duplicated with the present one. Still, it does have a number of other advantages. Principal among these is the economical and efficient means of production and the ability to apply a smooth coating to a decorated and embossed substrate which may be formed for application to non-planar surfaces.
  • the substrate upon which the fluent plastic is coated may be a plastic or metal foil, preferably an aluminium foil 0.003 to .020 inch (.0762 to .508 mm) thick.
  • the foil substrate is decorated with an appropriate design or series of designs. For example, if a foil sheet or a substantial part of it is to be used as a panel with a minimum amount of trimming after being coated, a single design might be used. More commonly, a series of designs in the form of individual emblems or plaque shapes will be applied to the foil sheet. With a metal foil, the series of designs is preferably applied by silk screen or lithographic printing then the design is enhanced by embossing select areas; although, other means for forming the decorative designs may also be used.
  • any suitable primer may be used such as a silane primer.
  • the decorated-primed substrate is then placed upon a vacuum mat which is situated upon a horizontal vacuum table such as that shown in U.S. Patent No. 4,034,708, and assigned to the assignee of this invention. Vacuum is drawn against the bottom surface of the foil through the mat to hold the substrate flat and horizontal.
  • the substrate be held flat and horizontal during flow coating because of the fact that the flow characteristics of the fluent plastic and the liquid wettability of the substrate are used to control the spread of the plastic so that it is contiguous with predetermined areas of the foil as well as being uniformly thick. Another important factor in controlling'this is the existence of sharply defined peripheral sides for the substrate or define areas of the substrate.
  • the flow coating is a path- wise disposition. That is, a multiple orifice nozzle (nor nozzles) is passed over the decorated-primed surface of the foil at a steady speed as the substrate is held stationary.
  • the number of orifices used may vary depending on the width of the path to be laid down. As an example, a 2.1 inch (53. 34 mm) wide nozzle having 22 orifices of a .022 inch (.5588 mm) I.D. and with a 0.10 inch (2.54 mm) spacing between the orifices, can be used to lay down a path of 2.4 to 2.5 inches (60.96 to 63. 5 mm) in width.
  • the thickness sought is between approximately .020 to .030 inch (.508 to .762 mm).
  • the plastic is preferably a fluent polyurethane of two component parts (polyol and isocyanate) which are mixed immediately prior to coating and cure upon heating.
  • a polyurethane of this type is disclosed in my copending application Serial No. 702,194.
  • the polyurethane may be compounded from among the componentslisted in the copending application as is known to give a more flexible cured plastic.
  • the bond to the substrate remains strong, it is desirable in this invention to have a somewhat flexible plastic coat so that the emblem, plaque, or panel may be conformed.
  • some decorative automobile panels are applied to a curved surface.
  • the present invention it is possible to conform the cured plastic coated panel to that surface.
  • curing will be by irradiation with infra-red or ultraviolet light.
  • the polyurethane compounds mentioned above are heat curable and, thus, infra-red lamps are used; although, obviously other heat sources may also be used. Still, it is desirable to get a through cure, i.e., heat from both the top and bottom of the coated foil.
  • the preferred vacuum table arrangement of U. S. Patent No. 4,034,708 makes this possible because of a capability of heating or cooling it.
  • the infra-red lamps themselves as the heat source for both top and bottom heating This may be done by using an I. R. absorptive mat as the vacuum mat. The mat will, then, pick up heat from the infra-red radiation and conduct it back from the bottom through the coated foil.
  • the coated substrate is cooled and removed from the vacuum table. It may at this stage be further processed by cutting, trimming and forming.
  • individual emblem or plaque shapes are contained on the single sheet, they are stamped out by a cutting die around the particular emblem or plaque shape. It has been found that by die cutting from the bottom surface of the coated foil, it is possible to impart a slightly convex configuration when viewed from the top surface. The convex shape helps give the appearance of a lens effect to the emblem; although, one does not actually exist.
  • the appearance of the coated emblem is superior to a non-coated one.
  • the luster and beauty of the clear plastic adds considerably to the appearance. It also serves to protect the decorative surface from weathering, chipping, scratching, etc.
  • the flow coating process of this invention may be performed with a modified form of the device disclosed in U. S. Patent No. 4,034,708.
  • An overall view of that device is shown in Fig. 1. As seen there, a foil substrate 12 having a series of emblem design shapes 82 decorated on its surface is positioned on vacuum table 14.
  • the coating operation utilizes a casting head (not shown in Figs. 1-2) in the form of a multiple orifice nozzle or nozzles (see Figs. 3-4) for flow coating measured amounts of a fluent plastic material, such as a fluent polyurethane, to the upper surface of the substrate 12.
  • a casting head not shown in Figs. 1-2
  • a multiple orifice nozzle or nozzles see Figs. 3-4
  • an infrared radiation source means for supplying infrared radiation may be provided to irradiate the polyurethane.
  • Such a source is included in member 20 which is shown extended in Fig. 1 in dashed lines.
  • the source of radiation is moved rather than moving the substrate; although, the reverse situation can also be used.
  • the extended position of the member 20 is shown also in Fig. 2, along with lamps 23 which provide the infrared radiation.
  • Member 20 is moved by means of air cylinder 25. It should be understood that an ultraviolet curable plastic may also be cast using the device of the present invention; in such a case, lamps 23 would be ultraviolet radiation sources.
  • an exhaust means including blower 29, exhaust duct 30, and associated motor (not shown) are provided in order to insure that the operator of the machine does not inhale fumes unnecessarily.
  • ambient air is drawn into the cabinet 31 by fan 29. The air will be drawn over the top of the platen means 35. The air will also be drawn past the lamps 23 preventing fumes from escaping upwardly through member 20 and also cooling lamps 23.
  • water inlets 36 and 37 and one or more outlets 38 are provided to receive and discharge water supplied at more than one temperature.
  • Vacuum pump 41 is also provided to supply a vacuum platen 35 with a vacuum.
  • vacuum pump 41 draws a vacuum through holes 43 in platen 35.
  • This serves to hold vacuum mat 45 onto the platen since the holes in vacuum mat 45 are not aligned with those in platen 35.
  • the vacuum mat 45 may be a perforated one-fourth inch (6.35 mm) thick silicone rubber mat. Since it is perforated, the vacuum from platen 35 will also be drawn through mat 45 against substrate 12.
  • Fig. 3 also shows in detail casting head 47 having two nozzles 49 and 50. Each nozzle is fed a supply of fluent plastic such as a liquid polyurethane.
  • fluent plastic such as a liquid polyurethane.
  • A polyether polyol component
  • B diisocyanate component
  • a catalyst such as a lead material is used since it promotes a slow cure at room temperature so as to allow time for full flow of the liquid polyurethane before setting.
  • the diisocyanate is Hylene W from E. I. duPont de Nemours and Co.
  • the polyether polyol may be one or more of the Pluracol materials (P-410 or TP-440) from BASF Wyandotte. It may also be a polyether-polyester polyol combination, use of the polyester polyol making the cured polyurethane more flexible.
  • the ratio of components A:B is preferably 50-60:40-50.
  • a polyester polyol or polylactone polyol could be used in place of the polyether polyol.
  • Tanks (not shown) store the "A" and "B" material separately prior to mixing, then, feeding to supply lines 51 and 52 for nozzles 49 and 50.
  • Nozzles 49 and 50 are mounted on carriage 54 which is slidably mounted on rods 57 and 58 for motion over the surface of substrate 12 as indicated by the arrows in Fig. 4.
  • Each nozzle has multiple orifices in the form of tubes 61 and 62. Fittings 63 and 64 connect each of the multiple orifice nozzles 49 and 50 to supply lines 51 and 52.
  • the number of tubes 61, 62 and the spacing between the tubes in an individual nozzle will vary in dependence on the width of the portion of the substrate to be coated. It has been found, however, that between 10 and 26 tubes, spaced apart approximately 1/8 to 1/10 inch (3.175 to 2.54 mm), may be used for each nozzle means in the present embodiment.
  • the tubes preferaby have .022 inch (.5588 mm) I.D. and a .039 inch (.9906 mm) O.D.
  • Spacer bars 71 and 72 hold the tubes 61 and 62 spaced apart at desired distances, preferably 0.10 inch (2.54 mm)
  • 22 tubes are used in each nozzle 49 and 50.
  • the 22 tubes have a combined width of approximately 2.1 inches (53.34 mm)
  • casting head 47 The operation of casting head 47 is better understood with reference to rig. 4.
  • Pneumatic or hydraulic controls (not shown) drive casting head along the length of stationary substrate 12 as indicated by the arrows. A return movement, also as indicated, takes place after completion of flow coating onto one decorative substrate and the casting head is in position to repeat the process for another decorative substrate.
  • the liquid polyurethane flows from tubes 61, 62 at a uniform flow rate. Since the movement of casting head 47 over stationary substrate 12 is at a steady speed, there is laid down a uniformly distributed amount of liquid polyurethane.
  • That fluent plastic then flows to complete the coverage of the portion of the surface desired.
  • a uniform thickness of plastic results.
  • the speed of casting head movement and coating rate for the plastic depend upon the area to be covered, the number of tubes used, the viscosity of the fluent plastic, etc. Generally, however, it is possible to easily adjust these variables in order to achieve a coating of the thickness desired.
  • the desired thickness is 0.020 to 0.030 inch (.508 to .762 mm).
  • an important feature in obtaining a uniform coating in this thickness is that the fluent plastic on the surface of substrate 12 flows up to, but not beyond, the sharply defined peripheral sides which intersect with the planar top surface.
  • the wettability characteristics of the fluent plastic are such that it only partially wets the surface of substrate 12 and will flow on the surface of the substrate. Under heating, the viscosity of the polyurethane becomes lower and flow slows. Upon reaching a sharply defined peripheral side, this flow will be halted. If the edge is verticle, the flowing liquid plastic wants to maintain a given contact angle at that edge (specified by the interface properties of the plastic and the foil). As long as the internal pressure (hydrostatic) of the plastic does not exceed the surface tension at that contact angle, the liquid plastic will not overflow the side.
  • those emblems are represented by emblem design shapes 82.
  • a silane before printing.
  • Other known silane primers may also be used. The primers may be pre-applied by spraying, dipping, or roller-coating, followed by drying to remove the solvent.
  • the design shapes are decorated onto substrate 12.
  • silk-screen printing and embossing are the usual methods.
  • an aluminium foil from 0.003 to 0.020 inch (0.0762 to 0.508 mm) thick may be silk-screen printed and embossed in selected areas to provide a series of emblem design shapes as at 82.
  • the fluent plastic is then flow coated onto the substrate 12 as described.
  • the substrate is heated with infrared lamps 23, also as described, in order to cure the plastic.
  • a feature of the present invention is the use of vacuum mat 45 to aid in that curing process. That is, by using an infrared absorptive mat, such as a one-fourth inch (6.35 mm) thick silicone rubber mat, heat is absorbed by the mat and re-radiated back through substrate 12 to give a through cure.
  • an infrared absorptive mat such as a one-fourth inch (6.35 mm) thick silicone rubber mat
  • plastic layer 84 is adhered to substrate 12 sufficiently to permit further processing.
  • panel production that may involve only minor amounts of trimming, cutting and forming.
  • a die is used to cut around each emblem design shape 82 to form individual emblems. By die cutting from the bottom (uncoatcd) side 86 of substrate 12, a slight convex shape is given to each emblem.
  • the emblems may then be adhesively applied into or onto the intended surface. They may also be placed in a retaining frame which is used to affix the emblem onto the surface. Finally, it is noted that since the fluent plastic may be compounded as described to give a somewhat flexible material when cured, forming other than merely die cutting may be undertaken. The emblem, and more often panels, may be conformed to non-planar surfaces as long as the degree bending for the conformity required is not too severe.
  • Another embodiment involves use of a single nozzle of the type shown for coverage of a substrate of varying widths. It is mounted on a carriage of the same width which only tracks back and forth longitudinally over the length of substrate 12. Also, the nozzle is movable laterally on the carriage. After each pass and on the return route, the nozzle moves laterally one nozzle width (plus approximately 0.15 - 0.20 inch (3.81 - 5.08 mm). Another pass begins. This is repeated until the full expanse of the substrate has been coated. In each dase, a timing mechanism is necessary to start and stop flow of the liquid plastic during a single pass. A delay timer is provided to permit the lateral movement of the nozzle after the plastic flow has stopped and prior to the start of plastic flow after the lateral movement of the nozzle is completed.
  • a single nozzle having 22 tubes as described was used to flow coat a substrate of approximately 2.5 inch x 24 inch (6.35 x 609.6 mm) in a single pass.
  • the substrate was 0.015 inch (0.381 mm) thick aluminium foil which had been cleaned, primed, silk-screen printed and embossed with a series of circular emblem designs approximately 1 1/8 inch (28.575 mm) in diameter.
  • the 22 tube nozzle had a width of approximately 2.1 inches (53. 34 mm) and was centered over the 2.5 inches (63.5 mm) wide substrate to leave margins of approximately 0.20 inch (5.08 mm) Starting 0.20 inch (5.08 mm) from one end of the foil, it was passed over the surface of the aluminium foil, which was held flat and horizontal on a vacuum mat as described. A steady speed of 3.2 inches (81.28 mm) per second was used. Clear liquid polyurethane was flowed from the nozzle at the uniform rate of 210 grams per minute.
  • the liquid polyurethane was a mixture of "A” and “B” components and had a density of 17.39 grams/cubic inch (441.706 grams per cubic millimetre).
  • the "A” component was itself a mixture of polyester polyol and polyether polyol and contained a lead octoate catalyst.
  • the "B” component was a mixture of polypropylene glycol and an aliphatic diisocyanate. The ratio of "A" to "B” was 54. 5% to 45.5%.
  • the coated foil was heated under four 1600 watt infrared lamps at a distance of 12 inch (304.8 mm) for 10 minutes. This was followed by cooling the vacuum table with 60°F (15.55°C) water for 2 minutes. After cooling, representative ones of the emblem shapes were die cut from the foil by applying a die to the bottom (uncoated) surface of the foil.
  • the emblems had a slightly convex shape when viewed from the front surface, and were lustrous in appearance.
  • the cured plastic was bound firmly to the decorative substrate and provides a tough, resistant protective coating in addition to beautifying the design.

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  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
EP19790300786 1978-05-08 1979-05-08 Verfahren zur Herstellung dekorativer Embleme Expired EP0005376B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US90382978A 1978-05-08 1978-05-08
US903829 1978-05-08

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EP0005376A1 true EP0005376A1 (de) 1979-11-14
EP0005376B1 EP0005376B1 (de) 1985-08-14

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EP (1) EP0005376B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS54146838A (de)
DE (1) DE2967497D1 (de)
IE (1) IE50566B1 (de)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0028903A1 (de) * 1979-11-09 1981-05-20 The D.L.Auld Company Verfahren zur Herstellung dekorativer Embleme mit einer ultrafeinen Kunststoffbeschichtung
EP0030827A1 (de) * 1979-12-17 1981-06-24 The D.L.Auld Company Dekoratives Emblem und Verfahren zur Herstellung
EP0060721A1 (de) * 1981-03-16 1982-09-22 The D.L.Auld Company Dekorative Embleme und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
US4767647A (en) * 1979-12-17 1988-08-30 The D. L. Auld Company Decorative emblem
US5282111A (en) * 1989-06-09 1994-01-25 Labinal Components And Systems, Inc. Thermal transfer plate and integrated circuit chip or other electrical component assemblies including such plate
US5485351A (en) * 1989-06-09 1996-01-16 Labinal Components And Systems, Inc. Socket assembly for integrated circuit chip package
NL2000357C2 (nl) * 2006-12-06 2008-06-09 Herikon B V Werkwijze en inrichting voor het vervaardigen van polyurethaan producten, in het bijzonder dagmerken voor boeien.
DE102007061056A1 (de) * 2007-12-18 2009-06-25 Doro Tape Ehlis Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zur Herstellung von 3-dimensionalen Kunststoffetiketten
CN114762846A (zh) * 2021-01-14 2022-07-19 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 徽标安装系统和方法

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4825232B2 (ja) * 2008-03-21 2011-11-30 中外炉工業株式会社 バーナ

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1549303A (de) * 1967-09-01 1968-12-13
US3431889A (en) * 1965-09-27 1969-03-11 Shell Oil Co Fluid distribution bar
DE1652329A1 (de) * 1966-08-01 1971-04-08 Glaverbel Bruessel Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Aufbringung einer Fluessigkeit auf einer Oberflaeche
US3725112A (en) * 1970-12-04 1973-04-03 L Hansen Novel display device
US3875893A (en) * 1973-11-14 1975-04-08 Neil R Riley Fluid dispensing system
DE2506462A1 (de) * 1975-02-15 1976-09-02 Hoechst Ag Verfahren zum gleichmaessigen aufbringen von behandlungsfluessigkeiten auf textile flaechengebilde
US4034708A (en) * 1976-08-30 1977-07-12 The D. L. Auld Co. Modular device for production of cast plastic emblems
US4100010A (en) * 1974-06-12 1978-07-11 The D. L. Auld Company Method for making decorative emblems

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS49102763A (de) * 1973-01-12 1974-09-27
JPS5355349A (en) * 1976-10-29 1978-05-19 Kyowa Electric & Chemical Apparatus for painting rod

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3431889A (en) * 1965-09-27 1969-03-11 Shell Oil Co Fluid distribution bar
DE1652329A1 (de) * 1966-08-01 1971-04-08 Glaverbel Bruessel Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Aufbringung einer Fluessigkeit auf einer Oberflaeche
FR1549303A (de) * 1967-09-01 1968-12-13
US3725112A (en) * 1970-12-04 1973-04-03 L Hansen Novel display device
US3875893A (en) * 1973-11-14 1975-04-08 Neil R Riley Fluid dispensing system
US4100010A (en) * 1974-06-12 1978-07-11 The D. L. Auld Company Method for making decorative emblems
DE2506462A1 (de) * 1975-02-15 1976-09-02 Hoechst Ag Verfahren zum gleichmaessigen aufbringen von behandlungsfluessigkeiten auf textile flaechengebilde
US4034708A (en) * 1976-08-30 1977-07-12 The D. L. Auld Co. Modular device for production of cast plastic emblems
DE2738749A1 (de) * 1976-08-30 1978-03-02 Auld D L Co Vorrichtung zum halten eines abziehbogens mit mehreren darauf befestigten substratmaterialstuecken

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0028903A1 (de) * 1979-11-09 1981-05-20 The D.L.Auld Company Verfahren zur Herstellung dekorativer Embleme mit einer ultrafeinen Kunststoffbeschichtung
EP0030827A1 (de) * 1979-12-17 1981-06-24 The D.L.Auld Company Dekoratives Emblem und Verfahren zur Herstellung
US4767647A (en) * 1979-12-17 1988-08-30 The D. L. Auld Company Decorative emblem
EP0060721A1 (de) * 1981-03-16 1982-09-22 The D.L.Auld Company Dekorative Embleme und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
US5282111A (en) * 1989-06-09 1994-01-25 Labinal Components And Systems, Inc. Thermal transfer plate and integrated circuit chip or other electrical component assemblies including such plate
US5485351A (en) * 1989-06-09 1996-01-16 Labinal Components And Systems, Inc. Socket assembly for integrated circuit chip package
NL2000357C2 (nl) * 2006-12-06 2008-06-09 Herikon B V Werkwijze en inrichting voor het vervaardigen van polyurethaan producten, in het bijzonder dagmerken voor boeien.
EP1930144A3 (de) * 2006-12-06 2008-09-10 Herikon B.V. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Polyurethanprodukten, insbesondere Tagesmarken für Bojen
DE102007061056A1 (de) * 2007-12-18 2009-06-25 Doro Tape Ehlis Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zur Herstellung von 3-dimensionalen Kunststoffetiketten
CN114762846A (zh) * 2021-01-14 2022-07-19 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 徽标安装系统和方法
US11926491B2 (en) 2021-01-14 2024-03-12 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Emblem installation system and method
CN114762846B (zh) * 2021-01-14 2024-09-24 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 徽标安装系统和方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0005376B1 (de) 1985-08-14
IE50566B1 (en) 1986-05-14
JPS54146838A (en) 1979-11-16
IE790925L (en) 1979-11-08
DE2967497D1 (en) 1985-09-19

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