EP0003594A1 - Jonction device for parallel tubes of a cyclone separator - Google Patents

Jonction device for parallel tubes of a cyclone separator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0003594A1
EP0003594A1 EP79100350A EP79100350A EP0003594A1 EP 0003594 A1 EP0003594 A1 EP 0003594A1 EP 79100350 A EP79100350 A EP 79100350A EP 79100350 A EP79100350 A EP 79100350A EP 0003594 A1 EP0003594 A1 EP 0003594A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plate
tubular elements
section
polygonal
mouths
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP79100350A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0003594B1 (en
Inventor
Roger Bessouat
Gérard Tondeur
Patrick Talleu
Jean-Pierre Cerdan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Stein Industrie SA
Electricite de France SA
Original Assignee
Stein Industrie SA
Electricite de France SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Stein Industrie SA, Electricite de France SA filed Critical Stein Industrie SA
Publication of EP0003594A1 publication Critical patent/EP0003594A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0003594B1 publication Critical patent/EP0003594B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
    • B04C5/24—Multiple arrangement thereof
    • B04C5/28—Multiple arrangement thereof for parallel flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
    • B04C5/02—Construction of inlets by which the vortex flow is generated, e.g. tangential admission, the fluid flow being forced to follow a downward path by spirally wound bulkheads, or with slightly downwardly-directed tangential admission
    • B04C5/06—Axial inlets

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for joining parallel tubular elements of circular cross section of a cyclone separator, comprising a precut plate for the inlet of the fluid to be separated, on which are welded mouths of polygonal shape of the tubular elements.
  • junction devices are known in particular from the French patent 1188672 or the corresponding English patent 877257. They are however relatively fragile, owing to the fact that the separating tubular elements are only supported by the weld lines of the tubular elements between them and with the precut plate. Furthermore, the tubular elements thus suspended can enter into vibration under the effect of the flow of fluid to be separated.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a joining device which ensures a regular flow of the fluid to be separated at the inlet of the different separating tubular elements, while having a robustness close to that of the plates.
  • the joining device according to the invention is characterized in that it further comprises another plate forming a spacer for the tubes in their area with a circular cross section.
  • the precut plate comprises several sheet metal elements completing a circle in which is inscribed a polygonal paving formed by the mouths of the tubular elements, welded together along their adjacent sides, said polygonal paving being welded to said sheet metal elements on its periphery.
  • the precut plate is a circular plate pierced with polygonal orifices with respectively parallel sides and neighbors of each other.
  • the tubular elements are provided on the side of the precut plate with stamped or molded shapes, of circular cross section on the side of said elements, and flaring in a polygonal cross section at their end at the precut plate, so as to form said mouths, said stamped shapes being welded to the ends of the tubular elements.
  • the ends of the tubular elements themselves are deformed on the side of the precut plate so as to have at their end a polygonal cross section.
  • the mouths of the tubular elements are hexagonal in shape.
  • junction devices of this kind are particularly suitable in vertical separators of a mixture of vapor and liquid, in particular in water vapor separators in installers of energy production by expansion of water vapor in turbines, but they are also suitable in other types of separators, for example horizontal separators.
  • FIG. 1 The shape of FIG. 1 comprises a hexagonal upper end 1 and a circular lower end 2, connected by a flared part 3. This shape is produced by stamping a section of circular tube, or by molding.
  • the joining device of FIG. 2 comprises such stamped or molded foundry shapes such as 4, 5, 6.
  • a precut plate is made up of several flat sheet metal elements such as 7, 8.
  • the mouths 1 of the stamped shapes are welded together along adjacent sides such as 9, and to the sheet metal elements along other sides such as 10.
  • the set of welded hexagonal mouths of the pressed sheets and sheet metal elements reconstitutes a circular cross section, corresponding substantially to the cross section of the conduit for introducing the mixture of liquid and vapor to be separated. It can be seen that the section offered for the passage of the mixture in the separating elements is only very little less than the total cross section.
  • Figure 3 shows the method of assembling the stamped shapes and tubular elements (17,18,19).
  • the stamped shapes 11, 12, 13 are welded together by weld beads 14, 15 perpendicular to the plane of the figure, and they are welded in the plane 16 at the ends of the tubular elements 17, 18, 19.
  • These tubular elements are held in place by a sheet 20 forming a spacer, on which they can be optionally welded.
  • an upper plate 21 is pierced with hexagonal holes 22, with parallel sides and not far from each other.
  • a lower plate 23 forming a spacer is pierced with circular holes 24 for the passage of the tubular elements 25, 26, 27.
  • the elements 25 and 26 are shown already in place, welded into the plate 21 by their hexagonal edges such as 28.
  • L element 27 is shown during introduction into plates 21 and 23.
  • the polygonal mouths of the stamped or molded shapes or of the tubular elements can be joined other than by welding, in particular by brazing. These mouths can be in the form of regular polygons with a number of sides greater than or less than 6.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Cyclones (AREA)
  • Branch Pipes, Bends, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Dispositif de jonction de tubes de séparateurs à cyclones de mélanges liquide-vapeur. Il comprend une plaque prédécoupée dans laquelle viennent se loger les embouchures hexagonales (17) de formes embouties ou moulées de fonderie, se raccordant par leurs extrémités opposées aux sections droites des tubes, permettant d'offrir à l'entrée du mélange dans les tubes une section droite peu différente de celle du conduit d'amenée, et une plaque 20 formant entretoise dans la zone à section droite circulaire des tubes.Device for joining tubes of separators to cyclones of liquid-vapor mixtures. It comprises a precut plate in which are housed the hexagonal mouthpieces (17) of stamped or molded foundry shapes, connecting by their ends opposite to the straight sections of the tubes, making it possible to offer the entry of the mixture into the tubes a cross section little different from that of the supply duct, and a plate 20 forming a spacer in the area of circular cross section of the tubes.

Description

La présente invention concerne un dispositif de jonction d'éléments tubulaires parallèles de section droite circulaire d'un déparateur à cyclones, comprenant une plaque prédécoupée d'entrée du fluide à séparer, sur laquelle sont soudées des embouchures de forme polygonale des éléments tubulaires.The present invention relates to a device for joining parallel tubular elements of circular cross section of a cyclone separator, comprising a precut plate for the inlet of the fluid to be separated, on which are welded mouths of polygonal shape of the tubular elements.

De tels dispositifs de jonction sont connus notamment par le brevet français 1188672 ou le brevet anglais 877257 correspondant. Ils sont cependant relativement fragiles, du fait que les éléments tubulaires séparateurs ne sont supportés que par les lignes de soudure des éléments tubulaires entre eux et avec la plaque prédécoupée. Par ailleurs, les éléments tubulaires ainsi suspendus peuvent entrer en vibration sous l'effet du courant de fluide à séparer.Such junction devices are known in particular from the French patent 1188672 or the corresponding English patent 877257. They are however relatively fragile, owing to the fact that the separating tubular elements are only supported by the weld lines of the tubular elements between them and with the precut plate. Furthermore, the tubular elements thus suspended can enter into vibration under the effect of the flow of fluid to be separated.

L'invention a pour but de procurer un dispositif de jonction qui assure un écoulement régulier du fluide à séparer à l'entrée des différents éléments tubulaires séparateurs, tout en présentant une robustesse proche de celle des plaques.The object of the invention is to provide a joining device which ensures a regular flow of the fluid to be separated at the inlet of the different separating tubular elements, while having a robustness close to that of the plates.

Le dispositif de jonction selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre une autre plaque formant entretoise pour les tubes dans leur zone à section droite circulaire.The joining device according to the invention is characterized in that it further comprises another plate forming a spacer for the tubes in their area with a circular cross section.

Selon une première variante préférée de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, la plaque prédécoupée comprend plusieurs éléments de tôle complétant un cercle dans lequel est inscrit un pavage polygonal formé par les embouchures des éléments tubulaires, soudées entre elles le long de leurs côtés adjacents, ledit pavage polygonal étant soudé auxdits éléments de tôle sur son pourtour.According to a first preferred variant of implementation of the invention, the precut plate comprises several sheet metal elements completing a circle in which is inscribed a polygonal paving formed by the mouths of the tubular elements, welded together along their adjacent sides, said polygonal paving being welded to said sheet metal elements on its periphery.

Selon une autre variante de mise en oeuvre, la plaque prédécoupée est une plaque circulaire percée d'orifices polygonaux à côtés respectivement parallèles et voisins les uns des autres.According to another variant of implementation, the precut plate is a circular plate pierced with polygonal orifices with respectively parallel sides and neighbors of each other.

Selon une variante préférée de fabrication, les éléments tubulaires sont munis du côté de la plaque prédécoupée de formes embouties ou moulées, de section droite circulaire du côté desdits éléments, et s'évasant en une section droite polygonale à leur extrémité au niveau de la plaque prédécoupée, de façon à former lesdites embouchures, lesdites formes embouties étant soudées sur les extrémités des éléments tubulaires.According to a preferred manufacturing variant, the tubular elements are provided on the side of the precut plate with stamped or molded shapes, of circular cross section on the side of said elements, and flaring in a polygonal cross section at their end at the precut plate, so as to form said mouths, said stamped shapes being welded to the ends of the tubular elements.

Selon une autre variante de fabrication, les extrémités des éléments tubulaires eux-mêmes sont déformées du côté de la plaque prédécoupée de façon à présenter à leur extrémité une section droite polygonale.According to another manufacturing variant, the ends of the tubular elements themselves are deformed on the side of the precut plate so as to have at their end a polygonal cross section.

De préférence, les embouchures des éléments tubulaires sont de forme hexagonale.Preferably, the mouths of the tubular elements are hexagonal in shape.

Les dispositifs de jonction de ce genre conviennent notamment dans des séparateurs verticaux d'un mélange de vapeur et de liquide, en particulier dans les séparateurs de vapeur d'eau dans les installateurs de production d'énergie par détente de vapeur d'eau dans des turbines, mais ils conviennent également dans d'autres genres de séparateurs, par exemple des séparateurs horizontaux.Junction devices of this kind are particularly suitable in vertical separators of a mixture of vapor and liquid, in particular in water vapor separators in installers of energy production by expansion of water vapor in turbines, but they are also suitable in other types of separators, for example horizontal separators.

Des dispositifs de jonction d'éléments tubulaires parallèles selon l'invention sont décrits ci-après, à titre d'exemple et en référence aux figures du dessin annexé.Devices for joining parallel tubular elements according to the invention are described below, by way of example and with reference to the figures of the appended drawing.

  • La figure 1 représente une forme destinée à être fixée sur l'extrémité d'un élément tubulaire.Figure 1 shows a shape intended to be fixed on the end of a tubular element.
  • La figure 2 représente en plan un dispositif de jonction selon l'invention.Figure 2 shows in plan a junction device according to the invention.
  • La figure 3 représente à échelle agrandie une coupe selon l'axe III-III de la figure 2 .FIG. 3 shows on an enlarged scale a section along the axis III-III of FIG. 2.
  • La figure 4 représente en perspective un autre dispositif de jonction selon l'invention.Figure 4 shows in perspective another joining device according to the invention.

La forme de la figure 1 comprend une extrémité supérieure hexagonale 1 et une extrémité inférieure circulaire 2, reliées par une partie évasée 3. Cette forme est fabriquée par emboutissage d'un tronçon de tube circulaire, ou par moulage.The shape of FIG. 1 comprises a hexagonal upper end 1 and a circular lower end 2, connected by a flared part 3. This shape is produced by stamping a section of circular tube, or by molding.

Le dispositif de jonction de la figure 2 comprend de telles formes embouties ou moulées de fonderie telles 4, 5, 6.The joining device of FIG. 2 comprises such stamped or molded foundry shapes such as 4, 5, 6.

Une plaque prédécoupée se compose de plusieurs éléments de tôle plane tels que 7, 8. Les embouchures 1 des formes embouties sont soudées entre elles le long de côtés adjacents tels que 9, et aux éléments de tôle le long d'autres côtés tels que 10. L'ensemble des embouchures hexagonales soudées des tôles embouties et des éléments de tôle reconstitue une section droite circulaire, correspondant sensiblement à la section droite du conduit d'introduction du mélange de liquide et de vapeur à séparer. On voit que la section offerte au passage du mélange dans les éléments séparateurs n'est que très peu inférieure à la section droite totale.A precut plate is made up of several flat sheet metal elements such as 7, 8. The mouths 1 of the stamped shapes are welded together along adjacent sides such as 9, and to the sheet metal elements along other sides such as 10. The set of welded hexagonal mouths of the pressed sheets and sheet metal elements reconstitutes a circular cross section, corresponding substantially to the cross section of the conduit for introducing the mixture of liquid and vapor to be separated. It can be seen that the section offered for the passage of the mixture in the separating elements is only very little less than the total cross section.

La figure 3 montre le mode d'assemblage des formes embouties et d'éléments tubulaires (17,18,19). Les formes embouties 11, 12, 13 sont soudées entre elles par des cordons de soudure 14, 15 perpendiculaires au plan de la figure, et elles sont soudées dans le plan 16 aux extrémités des éléments tubulaires 17, 18, 19. Ces éléments tubulaires sont maintenus en place par une tôle 20 formant entretoise, sur laquelle ils peuvent être éventuellement soudés.Figure 3 shows the method of assembling the stamped shapes and tubular elements (17,18,19). The stamped shapes 11, 12, 13 are welded together by weld beads 14, 15 perpendicular to the plane of the figure, and they are welded in the plane 16 at the ends of the tubular elements 17, 18, 19. These tubular elements are held in place by a sheet 20 forming a spacer, on which they can be optionally welded.

Dans le dispositif de la figure 4, une plaque supérieure 21 est percée de trous hexagonaux 22, à côtés parallèles et peu éloignés les uns des autres. Une plaque inférieure 23 formant entretoise est percée de trous circulaires 24 pour le passage des éléments tubulaires 25, 26, 27. Les éléments 25 et 26 sont représentés déjà mis en place, soudés dans la plaque 21 par leurs pourtours hexagonaux tels que 28. L'élément 27 est représenté en cours d'introduction dans les plaques 21 et 23.In the device of Figure 4, an upper plate 21 is pierced with hexagonal holes 22, with parallel sides and not far from each other. A lower plate 23 forming a spacer is pierced with circular holes 24 for the passage of the tubular elements 25, 26, 27. The elements 25 and 26 are shown already in place, welded into the plate 21 by their hexagonal edges such as 28. L element 27 is shown during introduction into plates 21 and 23.

Les embouchures polygonales des formes embouties ou moulées ou des éléments tubulaires peuvent être solidarisées autrement que par soudage, notamment par brasage. Ces embouchures peuvent être en forme de polygones réguliers d'un nombre de côtés supérieur ou inférieur à 6.The polygonal mouths of the stamped or molded shapes or of the tubular elements can be joined other than by welding, in particular by brazing. These mouths can be in the form of regular polygons with a number of sides greater than or less than 6.

Claims (6)

1. Dispositif de jonction d'éléments tubulaire (17,18,19) parallèles de section droite circulaire d'un séparateur à cyclones, comprenant une plaque prédécoupée (7,8,21) d'entrée du fluide à séparer, sur laquelle sont soudées des embouchures (4,5,6,11,12,13) de forme polygonale des éléments tubulaires, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre une autre plaque (20,23) formant entretoise pour les tubes dans leur zone à section droite circulaire1. Device for joining parallel tubular elements (17,18,19) of circular cross section of a cyclone separator, comprising a pre-cut plate (7,8,21) for inlet of the fluid to be separated, on which are welded mouths (4,5,6,11,12,13) of polygonal shape of the tubular elements, characterized in that it further comprises another plate (20,23) forming a spacer for the tubes in their cross-sectional area circular right 2. Dispositif de jonction selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la plaque prédécoupée comprend plusieurs éléments de tôle (7, 8) complétant un cercle dans lequel est inscrit un pavage polygonal formé par les embouchures des éléments tubulaires, soudées entre elles le long de leurs côtés adjacents (9), ledit pavage polygonal étant soudé auxdits éléments de tôle sur son pourtour (10).2. Junction device according to claim 1, characterized in that the precut plate comprises several sheet metal elements (7, 8) completing a circle in which is inscribed a polygonal paving formed by the mouths of the tubular elements, welded together along on their adjacent sides (9), said polygonal paving being welded to said sheet metal elements on its periphery (10). 3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la plaque prédécoupée est une plaque circulaire (21) percée de trous polygonaux (22) à côtés respectivement parallèles et voisins les uns des autres.3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the precut plate is a circular plate (21) pierced with polygonal holes (22) with respectively parallel sides and neighbors of each other. 4. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les éléments tubulaires (17, 18, 19) sont munis du côté de la plaque prédécoupée (7,8,21) de formes embouties ou moulées (4,5,6,11,12, 13 ), de section droite circulaire du côté desdits éléments et s'évasant en une section droite polygonale à leur extrémité (1) au niveau de la plaque prédécoupée,(7,8,21) de façon à former lesdites embouchures, lesdites formes embouties étant soudées sur les extrémités des éléments tubulaires (17,18,19).4 . Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the tubular elements (17, 18, 19) are provided on the side of the precut plate (7,8,21) with stamped or molded shapes (4,5, 6, 11, 12, 13), of circular cross section on the side of said elements and flaring in a polygonal cross section at their end (1) at the level of the precut plate, (7,8,21) so as to form said mouths, said stamped shapes being welded to the ends of the tubular elements (17,18,19). 5. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les extrémités des tubes sont déformées du côté de la plaque prédécoupée (21) de façon à présenter à leur extrémité une embouchure de section droite polygonale.5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the ends of the tubes are deformed on the side of the precut plate (21) so as to present at their end a mouth of polygonal cross section. 6.Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que les embouchures (4,5,6,11,12,13) des éléments tubulaires sont de forme hexagonale.6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the mouths (4,5,6,11,12,13) of the tubular elements are of hexagonal shape.
EP79100350A 1978-02-13 1979-02-07 Jonction device for parallel tubes of a cyclone separator Expired EP0003594B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7803983 1978-02-13
FR7803983A FR2416733A1 (en) 1978-02-13 1978-02-13 JUNCTION DEVICE FOR TUBULAR ELEMENTS PARALLEL OF A CYCLONE SEPARATOR

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0003594A1 true EP0003594A1 (en) 1979-08-22
EP0003594B1 EP0003594B1 (en) 1981-04-08

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP79100350A Expired EP0003594B1 (en) 1978-02-13 1979-02-07 Jonction device for parallel tubes of a cyclone separator

Country Status (6)

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US (1) US4212658A (en)
EP (1) EP0003594B1 (en)
CA (1) CA1114315A (en)
DE (1) DE2960239D1 (en)
ES (1) ES477668A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2416733A1 (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0109764A2 (en) * 1982-11-15 1984-05-30 Elp Products Ltd. Seal arrangement for processing apparatus
WO1997036687A1 (en) * 1996-03-29 1997-10-09 Corn Products International, Inc Hydrocyclone and separator assemblies utilizing hydrocyclones
US5980639A (en) * 1998-06-30 1999-11-09 Richard Mozley Limited Hydrocyclones and associated separator assemblies
US6129217A (en) * 1996-03-29 2000-10-10 Corn Products International, Inc. Hydrocyclone and separator assemblies utilizing hydrocyclones

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0242357A4 (en) * 1985-09-30 1987-12-17 Caterpillar Inc Nonmetallic clean side spin-on filter.

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR701101A (en) * 1929-08-17 1931-03-12 Scanning method applicable to motor-compressors with free pistons moving in the opposite direction
FR1021374A (en) * 1950-05-31 1953-02-18 Rechauffeurs D Air Aireco Soc New improvements in the construction of centrifugal dust collection devices
FR1090262A (en) * 1952-11-24 1955-03-29 Termokimik Corp Impianti E Pro Apparatus for separating and collecting particles suspended in a fluid
FR1188672A (en) * 1956-12-06 1959-09-24 Termokimik Corp S P A Centrifugation apparatus
US3061994A (en) * 1960-10-18 1962-11-06 Allen Sherman Hoff Co Dust collector device

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE576920A (en) * 1930-12-08

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR701101A (en) * 1929-08-17 1931-03-12 Scanning method applicable to motor-compressors with free pistons moving in the opposite direction
FR1021374A (en) * 1950-05-31 1953-02-18 Rechauffeurs D Air Aireco Soc New improvements in the construction of centrifugal dust collection devices
FR1090262A (en) * 1952-11-24 1955-03-29 Termokimik Corp Impianti E Pro Apparatus for separating and collecting particles suspended in a fluid
FR1188672A (en) * 1956-12-06 1959-09-24 Termokimik Corp S P A Centrifugation apparatus
US3061994A (en) * 1960-10-18 1962-11-06 Allen Sherman Hoff Co Dust collector device

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0109764A2 (en) * 1982-11-15 1984-05-30 Elp Products Ltd. Seal arrangement for processing apparatus
EP0109764A3 (en) * 1982-11-15 1986-07-16 Elp Products Ltd. Seal arrangement for processing apparatus
US4650584A (en) * 1982-11-15 1987-03-17 Elp Products Ltd. Seal arrangement for processing apparatus
WO1997036687A1 (en) * 1996-03-29 1997-10-09 Corn Products International, Inc Hydrocyclone and separator assemblies utilizing hydrocyclones
US6129217A (en) * 1996-03-29 2000-10-10 Corn Products International, Inc. Hydrocyclone and separator assemblies utilizing hydrocyclones
US5980639A (en) * 1998-06-30 1999-11-09 Richard Mozley Limited Hydrocyclones and associated separator assemblies

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2416733A1 (en) 1979-09-07
ES477668A1 (en) 1979-11-01
FR2416733B1 (en) 1982-01-29
CA1114315A (en) 1981-12-15
US4212658A (en) 1980-07-15
EP0003594B1 (en) 1981-04-08
DE2960239D1 (en) 1981-04-30

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