EP0204791A1 - Hearth wall comprising supply nozzles cast as two complementary parts. - Google Patents

Hearth wall comprising supply nozzles cast as two complementary parts.

Info

Publication number
EP0204791A1
EP0204791A1 EP86900164A EP86900164A EP0204791A1 EP 0204791 A1 EP0204791 A1 EP 0204791A1 EP 86900164 A EP86900164 A EP 86900164A EP 86900164 A EP86900164 A EP 86900164A EP 0204791 A1 EP0204791 A1 EP 0204791A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hearth
wall
elements
nozzle
pipes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP86900164A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0204791B1 (en
Inventor
Andre Moreau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dalkia Wastenergy SA
Original Assignee
Electricite de France SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Electricite de France SA filed Critical Electricite de France SA
Publication of EP0204791A1 publication Critical patent/EP0204791A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0204791B1 publication Critical patent/EP0204791B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/02—Casings; Linings; Walls characterised by the shape of the bricks or blocks used
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/10—Water tubes; Accessories therefor
    • F22B37/107—Protection of water tubes
    • F22B37/108—Protection of water tube walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/08—Cooling thereof; Tube walls
    • F23M5/085—Cooling thereof; Tube walls using air or other gas as the cooling medium

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a hearth wall, in particular for incineration, comprising secondary air supply nozzles.
  • These walls generally contain a sheet of pipes intended to allow the heating of circulating water inside them, in order to then recover the caloric energy thus produced.
  • the nozzles, which pass through the wall, are therefore necessarily inserted between neighboring pipes to bring secondary air from a supply means into the hearth.
  • the walls are generally made of refractory materials, in particular in the form of bricks, not subject to corrosion. We know that the combustion of waste releases sulfides (CaS, Na2S, FeS in particular) which make the internal environment of the hearth particularly corrosive.
  • sulfides CaS, Na2S, FeS in particular
  • the secondary air supply nozzles usually protrude from the internal wall of the fireplace. This has the drawback of subjecting the projecting part thereof to the corrosive action of the air loaded with sulphides located inside the hearth.
  • the object of the present invention is to avoid the above-mentioned drawbacks by proposing, according to the invention, a hearth wall, in particular of an incineration boiler, of the kind consisting of elements assembled in the manner of bricks, some elements being hollowed out and forming nozzles for supplying said fireplace with secondary air, elements arranged around pipes suitable for conveying a cooling fluid, the pipes being arranged in a sheet and constituting a metal frame for the wall, characterized in that each element forming nozzle consists of two longitudinally hollowed out parts assembled along a substantially horizontally oriented joint surface and in that the nozzles open inside the hearth in one face of the generally planar element and connected continuously with the faces corresponding neighboring elements.
  • FIG. 1 represents a longitudinal section of a nozzle element according to the invention
  • Figure 2 shows a plan view of a nozzle member according to the invention
  • Figure 3 shows a cross section of a nozzle element according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 represents an elevation view of the front face of a nozzle element according to the invention
  • FIG. 5 represents a view in elevation and in perspective of a nozzle element according to the invention, cut longitudinally along a vertical plane
  • FIG. 6 represents a view in elevation and in perspective of a hearth wall comprising nozzles according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 1 to 5 A secondary air supply nozzle of a boiler hearth, in particular intended for the incineration of waste, and produced according to a preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in FIGS. 1 to 5.
  • a nozzle according to the invention consists of two superposed parts, one upper 11, the other lower 12. These parts are joined by a so-called joint surface 17 extending longitudinally, in a substantially horizontal direction, it that is to say normal to the lateral faces of the element 10 produced by the superposition of the upper and lower parts 11 and 12.
  • the two parts 11 and 12 are hollowed out longitudinally in a shape which makes it possible, by joining the two parts, to form a hollow nozzle inside the element 10.
  • the recesses made in the upper and lower parts 11 and 12 are made so that the joint surface 17 is substantially median to the nozzle thus formed.
  • a front part and a rear part of the element 10 will be defined, the front part being located on the side of the mouth of the nozzle 13, the rear part being the other end, where secondary air supply means are connected. .
  • These secondary air supply means do not form an integral part of the invention and are not shown in the drawings.
  • the nozzle has on the rear side of the element 10 a first part 14 of generally cylindrical section, provided with two annular grooves 21 which surround it concentrically. This part 14 is intended to accommodate a projection of the secondary air supply means, projection which penetrates into the part 14 of the nozzle.
  • the projection of the supply means, the part 14 of the nozzle and the annular grooves 21 form connection means between the nozzle and the secondary air supply means.
  • the nozzle has, after the part 14, a cylindrical intermediate part 15 of diameter smaller than that of the part 14.
  • An anterior part of the nozzle 16 connects the end of the part 15 to the mouth of the nozzle 13.
  • the upper contour 20 of the part 16 shown in the longitudinal section of FIG. 1 comprises a first segment which extends linearly the upper contour of the cylindrical part 15, then substantially at the level of the middle of the part 16 curves, defining an arc of circle then extended by a last rectilinear segment extending to the mouth of the nozzle 13.
  • the inclination of the contour 20 is made downwards, which means that the longitudinal thickness of the upper part 11 of the element 10 is greater at the mouth 13 than at the level of the junction between parts 15 and 16.
  • the lower contour 19 of the front part 16 of the nozzle rises in convergence from the junction with part 15 towards contour 20 to the longitudinal level median of the front part 16 where the contour 20 curves.
  • the contour 19 in this central region of the front part 16 is also curved defining an arc of a circle which is then extended by a straight line extending towards the mouth 13 and downwards.
  • the inclination of the rectilinear segment closest to the mouth 13 of the contour 19 is less than that of the corresponding segment of the contour 20.
  • the contours 19 and 20 tend to converge, which corresponds to a narrowing of the longitudinal section of the nozzle in this part.
  • the contour 19 in the front part 16 of the nozzle is substantially symmetrical with respect to a line perpendicular to the lower surface of the part 12 of the element 10 and median to the front part 16 of the nozzle.
  • the joint surface 17 extends substantially horizontally and longitudinally in a middle position at the nozzle; it curves in the anterior part
  • the section of the nozzle along the joint surface 17 extends in isosceles trapezoidal shape in the front part 16. This corresponds to a widening of the nozzle from the junction between the intermediate part 15 and the part anterior 16 to the mouth 13 of this nozzle.
  • the mouth 13 of the nozzle is an opening formed coplanarly in the front face of the element 10. As shown in FIG. 4, this mouth 13 generally has the shape of a stage, that is to say: a substantially rectangular shape, the two smallest sides of which would be rounded in semicircles, as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the joint surface 17 which crosses the mouth 13 in a median manner is present on either side of said mouth two symmetrical recesses 18 of generally trapezoidal cross sections.
  • the parts 11 and 12 forming the nozzle have two lateral recesses 22 generally in the form of a cylinder portion and extending symmetrically on either side of the longitudinal axis of the element 10 normally with respect to the joint surface 17.
  • the part 11 and 12 forming the nozzle have two lateral recesses 22 generally in the form of a cylinder portion and extending symmetrically on either side of the longitudinal axis of the element 10 normally with respect to the joint surface 17.
  • front of the element 10 located in front of the lateral recesses is of a width greater than that of the rear part located behind the lateral recesses 22.
  • the lateral recesses 22 widen one in the
  • the longitudinal recesses 18 separated into two parts, one anterior and the other posterior by the lateral recesses, are arranged in relation to the lateral edges of the element 10, in such a way
  • each front part of a recess 18 is not in alignment with its rear part.
  • the distance which separates each step 18 from the nearest lateral edge remains generally constant over the entire length of the element 10.
  • the sheet of pipes 24 thus formed is substantially parallel to the front face of the wall 27 of the hearth formed by all of the front faces of the elements 10 and of the elements 26 of identical shape and size.
  • a sheet of pipes forms a metal frame for the wall of the hearth.
  • the pipes 24 are, in practice, the water tubes of a boiler.
  • the elements 10 and the elements 26 are stacked like bricks, in adjacent successive stacks connected together by seals 25.
  • the seals 25 connect the anterior lateral surfaces of the adjacent elements 10 and 26, surfaces lying in front of the pipes 24
  • the rear width of the elements 26 or 10 being situated behind the ply of the pipes 24 being less than the previous width, the stacks of elements 10 and 26 are not laterally contiguous over their entire depth. This is not of decisive importance, the front parts serving only to hold the elements 26 and 10 in place by preventing any longitudinal displacement of each element relative to the ply of the pipes 24 which thus come to block it.
  • a nozzle according to the invention is produced by simple pressing superimposed on the joint surface 17 of the upper and lower parts 12 and 11 of an element 10 according to the invention.
  • the longitudinal recesses 18 of the joint surface 17 allow precise juxtaposition in the space of the upper and lower parts 11 and 12 of the element 10. It is possible, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, to provide recesses 18 at the joint surface 17 slightly deeper in the part comprising the re-entrant recess, the upper part in the example shown, than the protruding recesses, here from the lower part.
  • a fixing joint of cement for example.
  • Such a fixing joint enables the parts 11 and 12 of the element 10 to be joined in a non-removable manner.
  • the element 10 thus produced becomes one piece, can be handled as. such and be an integral part of the wall of the hearth, in the same way as a brick 26, while including a secondary air supply nozzle having no projection on the front face, on the one hand, and having no metal part, on the other hand.
  • the silicon carbide is selected as a refractory material in • the preferred embodiment of the invention, but it is also possible to those skilled in the art to select any other suitable refractory material.
  • the shape of the nozzle can be adapted to the particular needs of the embodiment chosen by a person skilled in the art, just as the means for connecting the nozzle with the means for supplying secondary air can be different. It may also be possible to envisage other means of mounting the elements between the adjacent pipes of a sheet of pipes, said pipes not necessarily being vertical. It is also conceivable to produce elements 10 according to the invention in two parts joining together along a longitudinally vertical joint plane, that is to say substantially parallel to the side walls of the element. The centering recesses of the joint plane can also be replaced by various devices such as, for example, male and female studs or any other device which will be determined by a person skilled in the art. In general, the invention is not limited to the preferred embodiment described but includes all the variants and improvements which could be made to it by a person skilled in the art.

Abstract

Une buse d'alimentation en fluide, notamment en air secondaire d'un foyer d'incinération, selon l'invention, est réalisée en deux parties (11, 12) complémentaires évidées. Ces parties sont moulées en matériau réfractaire (carbure de silicium, par exemple) et assemblées par pressage, de manière à présenter une forme externe identique à celle des briques qui constituent la paroi du foyer.A nozzle for supplying fluid, in particular secondary air to an incineration center, according to the invention, is made in two complementary recessed parts (11, 12). These parts are molded from a refractory material (silicon carbide, for example) and assembled by pressing, so as to have an external shape identical to that of the bricks which constitute the wall of the hearth.

Description

ι ι
"Paroi de foyer comportant des buses d'alimentation moulées en deux parties complémentaires""Firebox wall comprising supply nozzles molded into two complementary parts"
La présente invention concerne une paroi de foyer notamment d'incinération comportant des buses d'alimentation en air secondaire.The present invention relates to a hearth wall, in particular for incineration, comprising secondary air supply nozzles.
D'une manière générale, les parois des foyers d'incinération, notamment de déchets urbains, comportent des buses d'amenée d'air secondaire.In general, the walls of incineration fireplaces, especially of urban waste, have secondary air supply nozzles.
Ces parois contiennent généralement une nappe de tuyaux destinés à permettre 1'échauffentent d'eau en circulation à l'intérieur de ceux-ci, afin de récupérer ensuite l'énergie calorique ainsi produite. Les buses, qui traversent la paroi, sont donc nécessairement insérées entre des tuyaux voisins pour amener de l'air secondaire à partir d'un moyen d'alimentation dans le foyer.These walls generally contain a sheet of pipes intended to allow the heating of circulating water inside them, in order to then recover the caloric energy thus produced. The nozzles, which pass through the wall, are therefore necessarily inserted between neighboring pipes to bring secondary air from a supply means into the hearth.
Les parois sont généralement réalisées en matériaux réfractaires, en particulier sous forme de briques, non sujets à corrosion. On sait que la combustion de déchets dégage des sulfures (CaS, Na2S, FeS notamment) qui rendent le milieu interne du foyer particulièrement corrosif.The walls are generally made of refractory materials, in particular in the form of bricks, not subject to corrosion. We know that the combustion of waste releases sulfides (CaS, Na2S, FeS in particular) which make the internal environment of the hearth particularly corrosive.
Les buses d'amenée d'air secondaire débouchent habituellement en saillie de la paroi interne du foyer. Ceci a pour inconvénient d'en soumettre la partie saillante à l'action corrosive de l'air chargé en sulfures se trouvant à l'intérieur du foyer.The secondary air supply nozzles usually protrude from the internal wall of the fireplace. This has the drawback of subjecting the projecting part thereof to the corrosive action of the air loaded with sulphides located inside the hearth.
Cet inconvénient majeur a été partiellement surmonté par l'inclusion des parties saillantes des buses dans du ciment, ne laissant apparaître que l'orifice de la buse. Cependant, la paroi interne de la buse reste en contact avec l'air corrosif du foyer par cet orifice. De plus, les cendres et déchets volatilisés lors de la combustion tendent à s'agglutiner aux parties saillantes. Ces cendres et déchets sont riches en sulfures, leur combustion n'étant pas achevée. Ceci crée deux problèmes, qui tendent à s'amplifier mutuellement : d'une part, les sulfures s 'agglutinant ainsi sur les parties saillantes, sont encore plus corrosifs dans leur état que le milieu ambiant ; d'autre part, ils ont tendance à boucher mécaniquement la sortie des buses, et donc à appauvrir la combustion par réduction de l'apport en air secondaire. Or on sait qu'une combustion incomplète augmente la teneur en sulfures du milieu, ceux-ci ne se réduisant en sulfates solides qu'en fin de combustion. On se trouve par conséquent en présence d'un phénomène qui s'accroît de lui-même, et se traduit par un encrassement et une corrosion du foyer, cette dernière pouvant être irrémédiable. II est bien entendu possible de cesser périodiquement l'incinération pour nettoyer le foyer et éventuellement remplacer certaines parties trop corrodées, mais ceci présente des inconvénients majeurs évidents que l'on cherche à éviter. L'objet de la présente invention est d'éviter les inconvénients ci-dessus mentionnés en proposant, selon l'invention une paroi de foyer, notamment de chaudière d'incinération, du genre constituée d'éléments assemblés à la manière de briques, certains éléments étant évidés et formant buses d'alimentation dudit foyer en air secondaire, éléments disposés autour de tuyaux aptes à véhiculer un fluide de refroidissement, les tuyaux étant disposés en nappe et constituant une armature métallique pour la paroi, caractérisée en ce que chaque élément formant buse est constitué de deux parties évidées longitudinalement assemblées selon une surface de joint d'orientation globale sensiblement horizontale et en ce que les buses débouchent à l'intérieur du foyer dans une face de l'élément généralement plane et raccordée de façon continue avec les faces correspondantes des éléments voisins.This major drawback was partially overcome by the inclusion of the projecting parts of the nozzles in cement, leaving only the orifice of the nozzle to appear. However, the internal wall of the nozzle remains in contact with the corrosive air of the hearth through this orifice. In addition, ash and waste volatilized during combustion tend to clump together on the protruding parts. These ashes and wastes are rich in sulphides, their combustion not being completed. This creates two problems, which tend to amplify each other: on the one hand, the sulphides which thus agglutinate on the projecting parts, are even more corrosive in their state as the surrounding environment; on the other hand, they tend to mechanically clog the outlet of the nozzles, and therefore to deplete the combustion by reducing the supply of secondary air. However, it is known that incomplete combustion increases the sulphide content of the medium, these reducing to solid sulphates only at the end of combustion. We therefore find ourselves in the presence of a phenomenon which increases by itself, and results in fouling and corrosion of the hearth, the latter possibly being irremediable. It is of course possible to periodically stop incineration in order to clean the hearth and possibly replace certain parts that are too corroded, but this has obvious major drawbacks which we seek to avoid. The object of the present invention is to avoid the above-mentioned drawbacks by proposing, according to the invention, a hearth wall, in particular of an incineration boiler, of the kind consisting of elements assembled in the manner of bricks, some elements being hollowed out and forming nozzles for supplying said fireplace with secondary air, elements arranged around pipes suitable for conveying a cooling fluid, the pipes being arranged in a sheet and constituting a metal frame for the wall, characterized in that each element forming nozzle consists of two longitudinally hollowed out parts assembled along a substantially horizontally oriented joint surface and in that the nozzles open inside the hearth in one face of the generally planar element and connected continuously with the faces corresponding neighboring elements.
Ceci permet de réaliser un foyer dont les parois sont lisses et n'offrent aucune prise à l'accumulation de déchets, notamment de sulfures. De plus, on évite ainsi de mettre en oeuvre du métal, sujet à corrosion, en utilisant les évidements longitudinaux des deux parties réalisées en matériau réfractaire, comme le carbure de silicium par exemple. De plus, la réalisation de telles buses est particulièrement simple et économique, le matériau réfractaire pouvant se mouler aisément.This makes it possible to produce a hearth whose walls are smooth and offer no outlet for the accumulation of waste, in particular of sulphides. In addition, this avoids using metal, subject to corrosion, by using the longitudinal recesses of the two parts made of refractory material, such as silicon carbide for example. In addition, the production of such nozzles is particularly simple and economical, the refractory material being able to mold easily.
Les caractéristiques et avantages de 1'invention ressortiront d'ailleurs de la description qui va suivre, à titre d'exemple, en référence aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels : la figure 1 représente une coupe longitudinale d'un élément formant buse selon l'invention ; la figure 2 représente une vue en plan d'un élément formant buse selon l'invention ; la figure 3 représente une coupe transversale d'un élément formant buse selon l'invention ; la figure 4 représente une vue en élévation de la face antérieure d'un élément formant buse selon l'invention ; la figure 5 représente une vue en élévation et en perspective d'un élément formant buse selon l'invention, coupé longitudinalement selon un plan vertical ; et la figure 6 représente une vue en élévation- et en perspective d'une paroi de foyer comportant des buses selon 1'invention.The characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description which follows, by way of example, with reference to the appended drawings, in which: FIG. 1 represents a longitudinal section of a nozzle element according to the invention; Figure 2 shows a plan view of a nozzle member according to the invention; Figure 3 shows a cross section of a nozzle element according to the invention; FIG. 4 represents an elevation view of the front face of a nozzle element according to the invention; FIG. 5 represents a view in elevation and in perspective of a nozzle element according to the invention, cut longitudinally along a vertical plane; and FIG. 6 represents a view in elevation and in perspective of a hearth wall comprising nozzles according to the invention.
Une buse d'alimentation en air secondaire d'un foyer de chaudière, notamment destiné à l'incinération de déchets, et réalisé selon un mode préférentiel de 1 'invention est représentée par les figures 1 à 5.A secondary air supply nozzle of a boiler hearth, in particular intended for the incineration of waste, and produced according to a preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in FIGS. 1 to 5.
Une buse selon l'invention est constituée de deux parties superposées, l'une supérieure 11, l'autre inférieure 12. Ces parties .sont jointives par une surface 17 dite de joint s'étendant longitudinalement, selon une direction sensiblement horizontale, c'est-à-dire normale aux faces latérales de l'élément 10 réalisé par la superposition des parties supérieure et inférieure 11 et 12. Les deux parties 11 et 12 sont évidées longitudinalement selon une forme qui permet, par accollement des deux parties, de former une buse en creux à l'intérieur de l'élément 10. Les évidements pratiqués dans les parties supérieure et inférieure 11 et 12 sont réalisés de manière à ce que la surface de joint 17 soit sensiblement médiane à la buse ainsi formée.A nozzle according to the invention consists of two superposed parts, one upper 11, the other lower 12. These parts are joined by a so-called joint surface 17 extending longitudinally, in a substantially horizontal direction, it that is to say normal to the lateral faces of the element 10 produced by the superposition of the upper and lower parts 11 and 12. The two parts 11 and 12 are hollowed out longitudinally in a shape which makes it possible, by joining the two parts, to form a hollow nozzle inside the element 10. The recesses made in the upper and lower parts 11 and 12 are made so that the joint surface 17 is substantially median to the nozzle thus formed.
On définira une partie antérieure et une partie postérieure de l'élément 10, la partie antérieure étant située du côté de la bouche de la buse 13, la partie postérieure étant l'autre extrémité, où se raccordent des moyens d'alimentation en air secondaire. Ces moyens d'alimentation en air secondaire, connus par eux-mêmes, ne font pas partie intégrante de 1'invention et ne sont pas représentés sur les dessins. La buse présente du côté postérieur de l'élément 10 une première partie 14 de section globalement cylindrique, munie de deux rainures annulaires 21 qui l'entourent concentriquement. Cette partie 14 est destinée à accommoder une saillie des moyens d'alimentation en air secondaire, saillie qui pénètre dans la partie 14 de la buse. La saillie des moyens d'alimentation, la partie 14 de la buse et les rainures annulaires 21 forment des moyens de connexion entre la buse et les moyens d'alimentation en air secondaire.A front part and a rear part of the element 10 will be defined, the front part being located on the side of the mouth of the nozzle 13, the rear part being the other end, where secondary air supply means are connected. . These secondary air supply means, known per se, do not form an integral part of the invention and are not shown in the drawings. The nozzle has on the rear side of the element 10 a first part 14 of generally cylindrical section, provided with two annular grooves 21 which surround it concentrically. This part 14 is intended to accommodate a projection of the secondary air supply means, projection which penetrates into the part 14 of the nozzle. The projection of the supply means, the part 14 of the nozzle and the annular grooves 21 form connection means between the nozzle and the secondary air supply means.
La buse présente à la- suite de la partie 14 une partie intermédiaire cylindrique 15 de diamètre inférieur à celui de la partie 14.The nozzle has, after the part 14, a cylindrical intermediate part 15 of diameter smaller than that of the part 14.
Une partie antérieure de la buse 16, globalement en forme de bec aplati, relie l'extrémité de la partie 15 à l'embouchure de la buse 13. Le contour supérieur 20 de la partie 16 représenté sur la coupe longitudinale de la figure 1 comporte un premier segment qui prolonge linéairement le contour supérieur de la partie 15 cylindrique, puis sensiblement au niveau du milieu de la partie 16 s'incurve, définissant un arc de cercle ensuite prolongé par un dernier segment rectiligne s 'étendant jusqu'à la bouche de la buse 13. L'inclinaison du contour 20 se fait vers le bas, ce qui fait que l'épaisseur longitudinale de la partie supérieure 11 de l'élément 10 est plus importante au niveau de l'embouchure 13 qu'au niveau de la jonction entre les parties 15 et 16. Le contour inférieur 19 de la partie antérieure 16 de la buse s'élève en convergence depuis la jonction avec la partie 15 vers le contour 20 jusqu'au niveau longitudinal médian de la partie antérieure 16 où le contour 20 s'incurve. Le contour 19 dans cette zone médiane de la partie antérieure 16 s'incurve également définissant un arc de cercle qui est ensuite prolongé par un segment de droite s'étendant vers l'embouchure 13 et vers le bas. Néanmoins, l'inclinaison du segment rectiligne le plus proche de l'embouchure 13 du contour 19 est inférieure à celle du segment correspondant du contour 20. Ainsi, jusqu'à l'embouchure 13 et dans toute la partie antérieure 16 de la buse, les contours 19 et 20 tendent à converger, ce qui correspond à un rétrécissement de la section longitudinale de la buse dans cette partie. Le contour 19, dans la partie antérieure 16 de la buse est sensiblement symétrique par rapport à une ligne perpendiculaire à la surface inférieure de la partie 12 de l'élément 10 et médiane à la partie antérieure 16 de la buse.An anterior part of the nozzle 16, generally in the form of a flattened beak, connects the end of the part 15 to the mouth of the nozzle 13. The upper contour 20 of the part 16 shown in the longitudinal section of FIG. 1 comprises a first segment which extends linearly the upper contour of the cylindrical part 15, then substantially at the level of the middle of the part 16 curves, defining an arc of circle then extended by a last rectilinear segment extending to the mouth of the nozzle 13. The inclination of the contour 20 is made downwards, which means that the longitudinal thickness of the upper part 11 of the element 10 is greater at the mouth 13 than at the level of the junction between parts 15 and 16. The lower contour 19 of the front part 16 of the nozzle rises in convergence from the junction with part 15 towards contour 20 to the longitudinal level median of the front part 16 where the contour 20 curves. The contour 19 in this central region of the front part 16 is also curved defining an arc of a circle which is then extended by a straight line extending towards the mouth 13 and downwards. However, the inclination of the rectilinear segment closest to the mouth 13 of the contour 19 is less than that of the corresponding segment of the contour 20. Thus, up to the mouth 13 and throughout the entire anterior part 16 of the nozzle, the contours 19 and 20 tend to converge, which corresponds to a narrowing of the longitudinal section of the nozzle in this part. The contour 19 in the front part 16 of the nozzle is substantially symmetrical with respect to a line perpendicular to the lower surface of the part 12 of the element 10 and median to the front part 16 of the nozzle.
La surface de joint 17 s'étend sensiblement horizontalement et longitudinalement dans une position médiane à la buse ; elle s'incurve dans la partie antérieureThe joint surface 17 extends substantially horizontally and longitudinally in a middle position at the nozzle; it curves in the anterior part
16 de celle-ci, restant sensiblement à mi-distance des deux contours 19 et 20.16 thereof, remaining substantially halfway between the two contours 19 and 20.
Comme représenté figure 2, la section de la buse selon la surface de joint 17 s'étend en forme trapézoïdale isocèle dans la partie antérieure 16. Ceci correspond à un élargissement de la buse à partir de la jonction entre la partie intermédiaire 15 et la partie antérieure 16 jusqu'à l'embouchure 13 de cette buse. L'embouchure 13 de la buse est une ouverture ménagée de façon coplanaire dans la face antérieure de l'élément 10. Comme le montre la figure 4, cette embouchure 13 présente globalement la forme d'un stade c'est-à-dire : une forme sensiblement rectangulaire dont les deux côtés les plus petits seraient arrondis en demi-cercles, comme le montre la figure 4. La surface de joint 17 qui traverse l'embouchure 13 de façon médiane présente de part et d'autre de ladite embouchure deux décrochements symétriques 18 de sections transversales globalement trapézoïdales.As shown in FIG. 2, the section of the nozzle along the joint surface 17 extends in isosceles trapezoidal shape in the front part 16. This corresponds to a widening of the nozzle from the junction between the intermediate part 15 and the part anterior 16 to the mouth 13 of this nozzle. The mouth 13 of the nozzle is an opening formed coplanarly in the front face of the element 10. As shown in FIG. 4, this mouth 13 generally has the shape of a stage, that is to say: a substantially rectangular shape, the two smallest sides of which would be rounded in semicircles, as shown in FIG. 4. The joint surface 17 which crosses the mouth 13 in a median manner is present on either side of said mouth two symmetrical recesses 18 of generally trapezoidal cross sections.
Comme le montre la figure 2, les parties 11 et 12 formant buse comportent deux évidements latéraux 22 globalement en forme de portion de cylindre et s'étendant symétriquement de part et d'autre de l'axe longitudinal de l'élément 10 normalement par rapport à la surface de joint 17. Dans ce mode de réalisation de l'invention,' la partieAs shown in FIG. 2, the parts 11 and 12 forming the nozzle have two lateral recesses 22 generally in the form of a cylinder portion and extending symmetrically on either side of the longitudinal axis of the element 10 normally with respect to the joint surface 17. In this embodiment of the invention, ' the part
5 antérieure de l'élément 10 se trouvant en avant des évidements latéraux est d'une largeur supérieure à celle de la partie postérieure se trouvant en arrière des évidements latéraux 22. Comme on peut le voir représenté aux figures 2 et 3, les évidements latéraux 22 s'élargissent l'un dans la 5 front of the element 10 located in front of the lateral recesses is of a width greater than that of the rear part located behind the lateral recesses 22. As can be seen represented in FIGS. 2 and 3, the lateral recesses 22 widen one in the
-*-*-*1 partie supérieure 11, l'autre dans la partie inférieure 12 selon une forme sensiblement de demi-entonnoir respectivement vers le sommet et la base de l'élément 10.- * - * - * 1 upper part 11, the other in the lower part 12 in a substantially semi-funnel shape respectively towards the top and the base of the element 10.
Du fait de 1'écartement des deux décrochements longitudinaux 18, ceux-ci sont interrompus par les évidementsDue to the spacing of the two longitudinal recesses 18, these are interrupted by the recesses
-*•-*-- latéraux 22. Il est à noter que dans le mode de réalisation selon l'invention décrit, les décrochements longitudinaux 18 séparés en deux parties, l'une antérieure et l'autre postérieure par les évidements latéraux, sont disposés par rapport aux bords latéraux de l'élément 10, de telle manière- * • - * - lateral 22. It should be noted that in the embodiment according to the invention described, the longitudinal recesses 18 separated into two parts, one anterior and the other posterior by the lateral recesses, are arranged in relation to the lateral edges of the element 10, in such a way
20 que chaque partie antérieure d'un décrochement 18 ne se trouve pas en alignement avec sa partie postérieure.20 that each front part of a recess 18 is not in alignment with its rear part.
Plus précisément, -la distance qui sépare chaque décrochement 18 du bord latéral le plus proche reste constante globalement sur toute la longueur de l'élément 10.More precisely, the distance which separates each step 18 from the nearest lateral edge remains generally constant over the entire length of the element 10.
25 Comme le représente la figure 6, une paroi de foyer25 As shown in Figure 6, a hearth wall
17 selon l'invention, par exemple d'un four d'incinération de déchets, et constitué d'éléments 10 et 26 réalisés en matériau réfractaires, tous étant identiques par leurs dimensions externes. Une nappe de tuyaux 24 cylindriques et17 according to the invention, for example a waste incineration oven, and consisting of elements 10 and 26 made of refractory material, all being identical by their external dimensions. A sheet of 24 cylindrical pipes and
30 parallèles entre eux circule entre les éléments dans les évidements 22 ménagés dans ceux-ci, de tels tuyaux peuvent avantageusement, permettre une circulation d'eau destinée à être réchauffée par contact avec les briques. En pratique, un échange thermique permet simultanément de refroidir la paroi,30 parallel to each other circulates between the elements in the recesses 22 formed therein, such pipes can advantageously allow a circulation of water intended to be heated by contact with the bricks. In practice, a heat exchange simultaneously cools the wall,
35 évitant ainsi qu'elle ne chauffe de façon excessive, et de chauffer l'eau circulante qui récupère ainsi de l'énergie.35 thus preventing it from overheating, and heating the circulating water which thus recovers energy.
La nappe de tuyaux 24 ainsi formée est sensiblement parallèle à la face antérieure de la paroi 27 du foyer constitué par l'ensemble des faces antérieures des éléments 10 et des éléments 26 de forme et de dimension identiques. En pratique, une telle nappe de tuyaux forme une armature métallique pour la paroi du foyer.The sheet of pipes 24 thus formed is substantially parallel to the front face of the wall 27 of the hearth formed by all of the front faces of the elements 10 and of the elements 26 of identical shape and size. In practice, such a sheet of pipes forms a metal frame for the wall of the hearth.
Les tuyaux 24 sont, en pratique, les tubes à eau d'une chaudière.The pipes 24 are, in practice, the water tubes of a boiler.
Les éléments 10 et les éléments 26 sont empilés à la manière de briques, en empilements successifs adjacents reliés entre eux par des joints 25. Les joints 25 relient les surfaces latérales antérieures des éléments adjacents 10 et 26, surfaces se trouvant en avant des tuyaux 24. La largeur postérieure des éléments 26 ou 10 se situant en arrière de la nappe des tuyaux 24 étant inférieure à la largeur antérieure, les empilements d'éléments 10 et 26 ne sont pas latéralement jointifs sur toute leur profondeur. Ceci n'a pas une importance déterminante, les parties antérieures ne servant qu'à maintenir les éléments 26 et 10 en place en empêchant tout déplacement longitudinal de chaque élément par rapport à la nappe des tuyaux 24 qui viennent ainsi le bloquer. On peut constater, que, par une répartition d'un certain nombre d'éléments 10 dans la paroi du foyer, on peut introduire le nombre de buse voulu aux emplacements qui conviennent, sans créer pour cela de discontinuité dans la surface de la paroi du foyer. Il est donc possible d'introduire quelques éléments 10 en lieu et place d'éléments 26, en pratique des briques, et de les disposer aux endroits convenables, ceci sans inconvénient pour la construction de la paroi 27. La mise en place des éléments 10 ou 26 se fait de façon identique grâce aux formes évasées en demi-entonnoirs que présentent les évidements latéraux 22 de ces éléments, ce qui permet de les disposer d'abord en biais entre deux tuyaux 24 adjacents, et ensuite de les mettre en place par simple basculement.The elements 10 and the elements 26 are stacked like bricks, in adjacent successive stacks connected together by seals 25. The seals 25 connect the anterior lateral surfaces of the adjacent elements 10 and 26, surfaces lying in front of the pipes 24 The rear width of the elements 26 or 10 being situated behind the ply of the pipes 24 being less than the previous width, the stacks of elements 10 and 26 are not laterally contiguous over their entire depth. This is not of decisive importance, the front parts serving only to hold the elements 26 and 10 in place by preventing any longitudinal displacement of each element relative to the ply of the pipes 24 which thus come to block it. It can be seen that, by distributing a certain number of elements 10 in the wall of the hearth, it is possible to introduce the desired number of nozzles at the suitable locations, without creating any discontinuity in the surface of the wall of the fireplace. foyer. It is therefore possible to introduce some elements 10 in place of elements 26, in practice of bricks, and to arrange them in suitable places, this without disadvantage for the construction of the wall 27. The positioning of elements 10 or 26 is done in an identical manner thanks to the flared shapes in half-funnels which the lateral recesses 22 of these elements have, which allows them to be placed first at an angle between two adjacent pipes 24, and then to put them in place by simple tilting.
Il est avantageux de réaliser la paroi de foyer en carbure de silicium. L'usage de ce matériau' favorise l'échange thermique entre la paroi et la nappe de tuyaux.It is advantageous to produce the hearth wall in silicon carbide. The use of this material 'promotes heat exchange between the wall and the sheet of pipes.
Il est possible selon l'invention de réaliser des buses en deux parties 11, 12, comme décrit ci-avant, chacune desdites parties étant moulée dans le même matériau que les briques réfractaires 26, en carbure de silicium en l'espèce. Une buse selon l'invention est réalisée par simple pressage en superposition selon la surface de joint 17 des parties inférieure et supérieure 12 et 11 d'un élément 10 selon l'invention. Les décrochements 18 longitudinaux de la surface de joint 17 permettent une juxtaposition précise dans l'espace des parties supérieure et inférieure 11 et 12 de l'élément 10. Il est possible, selon un mode préférentiel de réalisation de l'invention, de prévoir des décrochements 18 à la surface de joint 17 légèrement plus profonds dans la partie comportant le décrochement rentrant, la partie supérieure dans l'exemple représenté, que les décrochements saillants, ici de la partie inférieure. Ceci permet d'introduire dans un espace ainsi ménagé dans le fond de ces décrochements un joint fixateur, de ciment par exemple. Un tel joint fixateur permet de solidariser de façon non amovible les parties 11 et 12 de l'élément 10. L'élément 10 ainsi réalisé devient monobloc, peut se manipuler comme. tel et faire partie intégrante de la paroi du foyer, de la même manière qu'une brique 26, tout en incluant une buse d'alimentation en air secondaire ne présentant aucune saillie sur la face avant, d'une part, et ne comportant aucune pièce métallique, d'autre part. Le carbure de silicium est choisi comme matériau réfractaire dans • le mode de réalisation préférentiel de l'invention, mais il est également possible à l'homme de l'art de choisir tout autre matériau réfractaire convenable. De même, la forme de la buse peut être adaptée aux besoins particuliers du mode de réalisation choisi par l'homme de l'art, de même que les moyens de connexion de la buse avec les moyens d'amenée d'air secondaire peuvent être différents. Il peut être également possible d'envisager d'autres moyens de montage des éléments entre les tuyaux adjacents d'une nappe de tuyaux, lesdits tuyaux n'étant pas nécessairement verticaux. On peut également concevoir de réaliser des éléments 10 selon l'invention en deux parties se réunissant selon un plan de joint longitudinalement vertical, c'est-à-dire sensiblement parallèle aux parois latérales de l'élément. Les décrochements de centrage du plan de joint peuvent également être remplacés par divers dispositifs comme par exemple des plots mâles et femelles ou tout autre dispositif qui sera déterminé par l'homme de l'art. D'une manière générale l'invention ne se limite pas au mode de réalisation préférentiel décrit mais inclut toutes les variantes et améliorations qui pourraient lui être apportées par l'homme de l'art. It is possible according to the invention to carry out two-part nozzles 11, 12, as described above, each of said parts being molded from the same material as the refractory bricks 26, made of silicon carbide in this case. A nozzle according to the invention is produced by simple pressing superimposed on the joint surface 17 of the upper and lower parts 12 and 11 of an element 10 according to the invention. The longitudinal recesses 18 of the joint surface 17 allow precise juxtaposition in the space of the upper and lower parts 11 and 12 of the element 10. It is possible, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, to provide recesses 18 at the joint surface 17 slightly deeper in the part comprising the re-entrant recess, the upper part in the example shown, than the protruding recesses, here from the lower part. This makes it possible to introduce into a space thus formed in the bottom of these recesses a fixing joint, of cement for example. Such a fixing joint enables the parts 11 and 12 of the element 10 to be joined in a non-removable manner. The element 10 thus produced becomes one piece, can be handled as. such and be an integral part of the wall of the hearth, in the same way as a brick 26, while including a secondary air supply nozzle having no projection on the front face, on the one hand, and having no metal part, on the other hand. The silicon carbide is selected as a refractory material in • the preferred embodiment of the invention, but it is also possible to those skilled in the art to select any other suitable refractory material. Likewise, the shape of the nozzle can be adapted to the particular needs of the embodiment chosen by a person skilled in the art, just as the means for connecting the nozzle with the means for supplying secondary air can be different. It may also be possible to envisage other means of mounting the elements between the adjacent pipes of a sheet of pipes, said pipes not necessarily being vertical. It is also conceivable to produce elements 10 according to the invention in two parts joining together along a longitudinally vertical joint plane, that is to say substantially parallel to the side walls of the element. The centering recesses of the joint plane can also be replaced by various devices such as, for example, male and female studs or any other device which will be determined by a person skilled in the art. In general, the invention is not limited to the preferred embodiment described but includes all the variants and improvements which could be made to it by a person skilled in the art.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1) Paroi de foyer, notamment de chaudière d'incinération, du genre constituée d'éléments (10,26) assemblés à la manière de briques, certains éléments (10) étant évidés et formant buses d'alimentation audit foyer en air secondaire, éléments disposés autour de tuyaux (24) aptes à véhiculer un fluide de refroidissement, les tuyaux étant disposés en nappe et constituant une armature métallique pour la paroi, caractérisée en ce que chaque élément formant buse est constitué de deux parties (11,12) évidées longitudinalement assemblées selon une surface de joint (17) d'orientation globale sensiblement horizontale et en ce que les buses débouchent à l'intérieur du foyer dans une face de l'élément (10) généralement plane et raccordée de façon continue avec les faces correspondantes des éléments (26) voisins .1) hearth wall, in particular of an incineration boiler, of the kind consisting of elements (10, 26) assembled in the manner of bricks, certain elements (10) being hollowed out and forming nozzles for supplying said hearth with secondary air, elements arranged around pipes (24) capable of conveying a cooling fluid, the pipes being arranged in a sheet and constituting a metal frame for the wall, characterized in that each nozzle forming element consists of two recessed parts (11,12) longitudinally assembled according to a substantially horizontal overall joint surface (17) and in that the nozzles open into the interior of the hearth in a face of the element (10) generally planar and continuously connected with the corresponding faces neighboring elements (26).
2) Paroi de foyer selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les tuyaux (24) disposés en nappe sont entièrement noyés dans la paroi de manière à être isolés du foyer.2) hearth wall according to claim 1, characterized in that the pipes (24) arranged in a sheet are completely embedded in the wall so as to be isolated from the hearth.
3) Paroi de foyer selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que les éléments (10,26) constituant la paroi sont en carbure de silicium. 4-) Paroi • de foyer selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que les tuyaux (24) sont des tubes à eau d'une chaudière, aptes à recevoir de l'énergie thermique par contact avec des éléments (10,26) de la paroi. 5) Paroi de foyer selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que chaque élément (10,26) comporte deux évidements latéraux (22), d'orientation générale sensiblement verticale, agrandis sensiblement en forme de demi-entonnoirs symétriquement par rapport à l'axe longitudinal de l'élément, de manière à permettre leur mise en place, par basculement axial, entre deux tuyaux (24) voisins. 6) Paroi de foyer selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que chaque buse présente au moins une partie arquée, interdisant tout déplacement longitudinal d'une partie de 1 'élément par rapport à l'autre.3) hearth wall according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the elements (10, 26) constituting the wall are made of silicon carbide. 4-) wall • hearth according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pipes (24) are water tubes of a boiler, capable of receiving thermal energy by contact with elements (10 , 26) of the wall. 5) hearth wall according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each element (10,26) comprises two lateral recesses (22), of generally substantially vertical orientation, enlarged substantially in the form of half-funnels symmetrically by relative to the longitudinal axis of the element, so as to allow their establishment, by axial tilting, between two neighboring pipes (24). 6) hearth wall according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each nozzle has at least one arcuate part, preventing any longitudinal movement of a part of one element relative to the other.
7) Paroi de foyer selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la surface de raccordement (17) des deux parties des éléments (10) formant buse comporte deux décrochements longitudinaux (18) de part et d'autre des évidements, aptes à interdire toute translation latérale d'une partie par rapport à l'autre.7) hearth wall according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connection surface (17) of the two parts of the elements (10) forming a nozzle comprises two longitudinal recesses (18) on either side of the recesses , capable of preventing any lateral translation of one part with respect to the other.
8) Paroi de foyer selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que les deux décrochements longitudinaux (18) présentent une section transversale trapézoïdale. 8) hearth wall according to claim 7, characterized in that the two longitudinal recesses (18) have a trapezoidal cross section.
EP86900164A 1984-12-17 1985-12-17 Hearth wall comprising supply nozzles cast as two complementary parts Expired EP0204791B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8419251A FR2574903B1 (en) 1984-12-17 1984-12-17 SUPPLY NOZZLE MOLDED IN TWO COMPLEMENTARY PARTS
FR8419251 1984-12-17

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EP0204791A1 true EP0204791A1 (en) 1986-12-17
EP0204791B1 EP0204791B1 (en) 1989-03-15

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US (1) US4716857A (en)
EP (1) EP0204791B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0754176B2 (en)
CA (1) CA1252672A (en)
DE (1) DE3568857D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2574903B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1986003824A1 (en)

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US6244197B1 (en) * 1999-01-04 2001-06-12 Gary L. Coble Thermal induced cooling of industrial furnace components
US6321691B1 (en) * 1999-01-14 2001-11-27 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Oxidation resistant low alloy attachments for boiler components
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US7677007B2 (en) * 2005-05-11 2010-03-16 Parker William H Interlocking insulating firebrick
DK2011972T3 (en) * 2007-07-03 2013-11-04 Andreoli Bruno Aps Beratung Plant, method and apparatus for producing a superheated medium
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JPH0754176B2 (en) 1995-06-07
EP0204791B1 (en) 1989-03-15
DE3568857D1 (en) 1989-04-20
FR2574903A1 (en) 1986-06-20
CA1252672A (en) 1989-04-18
US4716857A (en) 1988-01-05
WO1986003824A1 (en) 1986-07-03
JPS62501163A (en) 1987-05-07
FR2574903B1 (en) 1990-02-02

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