EP0002980B1 - Vorrichtung zum Lagern und zum Hantieren von Treibpulver - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zum Lagern und zum Hantieren von Treibpulver Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0002980B1
EP0002980B1 EP78400239A EP78400239A EP0002980B1 EP 0002980 B1 EP0002980 B1 EP 0002980B1 EP 78400239 A EP78400239 A EP 78400239A EP 78400239 A EP78400239 A EP 78400239A EP 0002980 B1 EP0002980 B1 EP 0002980B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vent
powder
zone
hopper
plane
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP78400239A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0002980A1 (de
Inventor
Pierre Fontaine
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Societe Nationale des Poudres et Explosifs
Original Assignee
Societe Nationale des Poudres et Explosifs
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR7738952A external-priority patent/FR2412513A1/fr
Priority claimed from FR7832613A external-priority patent/FR2442814A2/fr
Application filed by Societe Nationale des Poudres et Explosifs filed Critical Societe Nationale des Poudres et Explosifs
Publication of EP0002980A1 publication Critical patent/EP0002980A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0002980B1 publication Critical patent/EP0002980B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B39/00—Packaging or storage of ammunition or explosive charges; Safety features thereof; Cartridge belts or bags
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D25/00—Details of other kinds or types of rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00—Large containers
    • B65D88/26—Hoppers, i.e. containers having funnel-shaped discharge sections
    • B65D88/28—Construction or shape of discharge section
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B65D90/22—Safety features
    • B65D90/32—Arrangements for preventing, or minimising the effect of, excessive or insufficient pressure
    • B65D90/36—Weakened parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B39/00—Packaging or storage of ammunition or explosive charges; Safety features thereof; Cartridge belts or bags
    • F42B39/20—Packages or ammunition having valves for pressure-equalising; Packages or ammunition having plugs for pressure release, e.g. meltable ; Blow-out panels; Venting arrangements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to devices for storing and handling propellant powders and in particular the hoppers and containers of such powders.
  • the powder in the event of an accident caused by ignition, the powder can either burn, or explode, or finally detonate, with all the consequences that result from it.
  • the ignition takes place at the bottom of the hopper; it is caused, during the opening of the powder, by the friction of the particles against each other, which causes occasional heating and electrostatic effects, as well as by friction at the level of the valves or locks.
  • the critical height above which any ignition causes at least a deflagration was of the order of 0.2 to 0.3 meters, this when the test is carried out in a tube 200 millimeters in diameter. Furthermore, the critical height above which any ignition causes a detonation is of the order of 0.7 to 0.8 meters, under the same test conditions as below.
  • Hoppers are already known comprising in their lower part a lateral vent making it possible to monitor the flow of material or else the storage conditions.
  • Such hoppers are for example described in the German patent 449 848 or in the American patent 3 455 344, but these hoppers do not comprise any additional means which allows their use under good conditions of safety when the product stored is a propellant powder, the the only presence of a side vent on a hopper constructed of a non-combustible material does not eliminate the risks of detonation or deflagration in the event of ignition of the powder.
  • hoppers are known, the walls of which are produced with an openwork casing made of expanded metal, wire mesh or plastic, internally covered with a canvas of stainless steel wire, the mesh dimensions of which are smaller than the dimensions. grains of the powder used.
  • Such hoppers are described, for example, in French patent 2,076,714 or also in Belgian patent 622,597.
  • any excess pressure is released through the meshes of the fabric and the height of powder in the hopper can be greater than the height of the deflagration.
  • the present invention aims to remedy the aforementioned drawbacks by creating devices for storing or handling propellant powders comprising a loading opening located at the top of the device such as hoppers or containers capable of containing quantities of powder, greater than the critical volume while ensuring excellent safety in use and being inexpensive construction.
  • a device comprises a lateral vent comprising means for preventing the powder from escaping through this vent and a zone constituting at least part of a lateral wall of the device and made of a destructible material and is characterized in that said vent is located in the lower part of the device and in that said destructible zone is substantially adjacent to the vent and is situated above the latter or in the path of the flames which can escape from said vent so as to be destroyed under the effects conjugates of the pressure applied by the powder and the flames generated outside the device near this area.
  • the vent opens to the outside in an opening directed upwards, and situated in a substantially horizontal plane.
  • vent prevents the powder from leaving the device because of the natural slope taken by the external surface of the powder when the latter is loaded.
  • the orientation of its opening is such that very rapid destruction of the area between said vent and the upper part of the device is obtained, under the effect of the flames exiting through the vent in the event of taking powder fire.
  • the distance between the plane of the vent opening and the plane of the hopper flow opening is less than or equal to the critical height of deflagration of the powder. This avoids any possibility of deflagration due to the loading height of the powder between the two aforementioned openings.
  • the destructible zone between the vent and the upper part of the device is made of a combustible material.
  • the flames escaping through the vent cause the combustion of said zone of combustible material. This combustion very quickly destroys this area, so that the powder charge is immediately evacuated through the opening created in the side wall of the device.
  • the hopper 1 substantially in the shape of a pyramid trunk, containing a propellant powder 2, is supported by four vertical uprights 3.
  • This hopper 1 has an upper loading opening 4 and a lower orifice 5 d flow of the powder 2 which, in the example shown, is closed by a plate 6.
  • This plate 6 is removably mounted to the narrowed lower part 7 of the hopper 1 by conventional means not shown.
  • the total height of the hopper 1 is clearly greater than the critical heights of deflagration and detonation of the propellant powder 2 used.
  • the side wall of the hopper 1 is constituted by four rectangular upper plates 8, for example made of sheet steel, to which are fixed four side panels 9, 10, 11, 12, substantially trapezoidal.
  • the side wall of the hopper 1, comprising a vent 13 and a zone formed by the panel 12 which extends between the vent 13 and the adjacent upper plate 8, is made of a combustible material, such as than a strong cotton canvas.
  • a combustible material such as than a strong cotton canvas.
  • the panel 12 of cotton canvas has sufficient strength to support the powder charge 2 contained in the hopper 1.
  • This canvas panel 12 can be reinforced externally by a metallic mesh fixed to the adjacent panels 9 and 10, or by crosspieces 14 , as shown in Figure 2.
  • the side panels 9, 10 and 11 are produced, unlike the panel 12, in a non-combustible material such as sheet steel.
  • vent 13 opens to the outside through an opening 13a directed upwards and located in a plane P substantially horizontal. This arrangement prevents the powder 2 from exiting through the vent 13, due to the natural slope connects from the surface 15 of the powder 2 (see FIG. 2) taken by the latter when it is loaded into the hopper 1.
  • the vent 13 is located in the vicinity of the narrowed lower part 7 of the hopper 1, the distance d between the plane P of the opening 13a of the vent and the plane of the orifice 5 flow being preferably less than or equal to the critical height of deflagration of the powder.
  • the opening 13a of the vent 13 is adjacent to the lower edge of the canvas panel 12 and extends over the entire width of the aforementioned edge.
  • the flames generated by the combustion of the powder in the vicinity of the flow orifice 5 escape through the vent 13, immediately after setting on fire. Since this vent 13 is adjacent to the panel 12 made of cotton canvas, the latter is immediately ignited by the flames which escape from the vent 13, which leads to the rapid destruction of the panel 12. In this regard, the fact that the wall 16, located under the vent 13, is substantially parallel to the panel 12, ensures that the flames are directed towards this panel 12.
  • the powder load 2 empties from the hopper through the opening created by the destruction of the panel 12. This powder 2 released from the hopper 2 thus causes a fire limited to the angular sector located opposite the panel 12.
  • This system is held integral with the wall 32 by metal fasteners 311 and 312.
  • the flames destroy the combustible fabric 34 and ignite the area 36 which is destroyed by combustion of the panel 310 and the fabric 37 and by tearing of the structure 39 and the grid 38 under the effect of the heat and the pressure created by the combustion of the powder.
  • the latter pours by burning through the orifice created by the destruction of the zone 36 and is thus channeled in one direction without the risk of deflagration or detonation of the container, the combustion of the powder taking place outdoors.
  • the invention was tested on a hopper corresponding substantially to that shown in Figures 1 and 2.
  • This hopper was loaded with 725 kg of powder whose critical height of deflagration is between 0.2 and 0.3 meters and the critical detonation height is between 0.7 and 0.8 meters.
  • the total height of powder in the hopper was of the order of 1.4 meters, ie almost twice the critical detonation height and almost five times the critical deflagration height.
  • the wall 12 of the hopper was made of cotton canvas of the same type as that used for the bags of black powder.
  • the powder was ignited at the sealing orifice by a pyrotechnic ignition composition.
  • the hopper powder ignited approximately one second after ignition.
  • the burning of the powder lasted three to four seconds.
  • the hopper according to the invention therefore provides considerably improved safety in use compared with known embodiments, given not only that it eliminates the risks of detonation or deflagration by limiting them to a simple fire, but that it also makes it possible to locate such a fire in a predetermined, non-hazardous area, adjacent to the hopper.
  • Figures 3 and 4 show a frustoconical hopper 20.
  • the side wall 21 of the hopper 20 comprises a side vent 22 which opens to the outside through an opening 23, in the form of a crescent, situated in a substantially horizontal plane.
  • the side wall 21 further comprises a portion 24 made of a combustible material such as canvas. This combustible portion 24 extends over a fraction of the periphery of the hopper 20, between the opening 23 and the cylindrical upper part 25 of the hopper 20.
  • the technical effects of the hopper 20 are identical to those of the hopper 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the panel 12 of the hopper 1 and the portion 24 of the side wall 21 of the hopper 20 can be made of any other material, as quickly combustible as cotton canvas, provided that this material has sufficient strength to support the load of powder.
  • this material has sufficient strength to support the load of powder.
  • cardboard or a sheet of wood or relatively combustible plastic are examples of any other material, as quickly combustible as cotton canvas, provided that this material has sufficient strength to support the load of powder.
  • this material is combustible. Indeed, it is sufficient that the latter is destructible, that is to say can be torn in contact with the flames leaving the vent 13 or 22.
  • a sheet of thermoplastic material which, in contact with the flames , softens and then tears to release the mass of powder.
  • the opening 13a or 23 of the vent 13 or 22 may not be located in a horizontal plane, provided that other means are provided to prevent the powder from leaving. These means could be constituted by a mesh screen sufficiently tight to retain the powder, while being loose enough not to obstruct the exit of the flames.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Emptying Of Bunkers, Hoppers, And Tanks (AREA)
  • Medical Preparation Storing Or Oral Administration Devices (AREA)
  • Emergency Lowering Means (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Methods And Devices For Loading And Unloading (AREA)
  • Basic Packing Technique (AREA)

Claims (8)

1. Vorrichtung (1) zum Lagern und zum Hantieren von Treibpulver (2) mit einer am Oberteil der Vorrichtung angeordneten Ladeöffnung (4) für das Pulver, einer seitlichen Entlüftung (13) einschliessllch einer Einrichtung, die das Pulver am Austreten aus der Entlüftung hindert, und einer Zone (12), die aus zerstörbarem Material hergestellt ist und wenigstens einen Teil einer seitlichen Wand der Vorrichtung bildet, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Entlüftung (13) sich im Unterteil der Vorrichtung befindet und dass die Zone (12) im wesentlichen an die Entlüftung (13) angrenzt und sich über dieser oder in der Bahn von Flammen befindet, die aus der Entlüftung (13) austreten können, derart, dass sie unter den vereinigten Wirkungen des durch das Pulver ausgeübten Drucks und der ausserhalb der Vorrichtung in Nähe dieser Zone erzeugten Flammen zerstört wird.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Entlüftung (13) nach aussen längs einer Öffnung mündet, die nach oben gerichtet ist und sich in einer im wesentlichen waagerechten Ebene befindet.
3. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zone (12) aus zerstörbarem Material sich über einen begrenzten Abschnitt des Umfangs der Vorrichtung erstreckt, wobei dieser Abschnitt dem Normalen Standort der Benutzer der Vorrichtung entgegengesetzt gerichtet ist.
4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Entlüftung (13) sich im wesentlichen über die gesamte Breite des an diese Zone angrenzenden unteren Rand erstreckt.
5. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zerstörbare Zone (12) aus einem brennbaren Material, etwa einer Leinwand, hergestellt ist.
6. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zwischen der Entlüftung und dem Oberteil der Vorrichtung angeordnete Zone (12) aus einem thermoplastischen Material hergestellt ist.
7. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtung ein Bunker mit einer unteren Ausströmöffnung (5) ist.
8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Abschnitt (d) zwischen der Ebene der Öffnung (13a) der Entlüftung (13) und der Ebene der Ausströmöffnung (5) kleiner oder gleich der kritischen Verpuffungshöhe des Pulvers ist.
EP78400239A 1977-12-23 1978-12-13 Vorrichtung zum Lagern und zum Hantieren von Treibpulver Expired EP0002980B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7738952 1977-12-23
FR7738952A FR2412513A1 (fr) 1977-12-23 1977-12-23 Tremie pour poudre propulsive
FR7832613A FR2442814A2 (fr) 1978-11-20 1978-11-20 Conteneur pour poudre propulsive
FR7832613 1978-11-20

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0002980A1 EP0002980A1 (de) 1979-07-11
EP0002980B1 true EP0002980B1 (de) 1981-06-17

Family

ID=26220362

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP78400239A Expired EP0002980B1 (de) 1977-12-23 1978-12-13 Vorrichtung zum Lagern und zum Hantieren von Treibpulver

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US4238988A (de)
EP (1) EP0002980B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS54122708A (de)
CA (1) CA1106804A (de)
DE (1) DE2860797D1 (de)
ES (1) ES476262A1 (de)
IN (1) IN150402B (de)
NO (1) NO150674C (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2299805A (en) * 1995-04-12 1996-10-16 Ian Procter Compact Animal Feed Dispenser
CN115214954B (zh) * 2022-08-15 2024-04-26 重庆交通大学 用于乳化炸药的开箱和防堵装置

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE622597A (de) *
US463857A (en) * 1891-11-24 Portable crib for feeding cattle and hogs
DE449848C (de) * 1927-09-24 Adolf Bleichert & Co Akt Ges Durch eine Abziehvorrichtung bedienter Bunkerauslauf
US2222083A (en) * 1939-04-28 1940-11-19 Calaveras Cement Company Means for hauling bulk cement
GB685371A (en) * 1949-06-07 1953-01-07 North Thames Gas Board Means embodying a gas-tight valve for use in removing flowable solids from or introducing flowable solids into gas-solid reaction vessels
US3354771A (en) * 1964-08-25 1967-11-28 Seymour A J Stark Apparatus for the charging of blast holes
US3455344A (en) * 1966-11-07 1969-07-15 Tony R Sowder Tram hopper loader apparatus and method
FR1586143A (de) * 1968-07-24 1970-02-13
FR2076714A5 (de) * 1970-01-26 1971-10-15 France Etat
US3730049A (en) * 1971-06-25 1973-05-01 Olin Corp Safety system for explosive powder storage bin
US3713360A (en) * 1971-06-25 1973-01-30 Olin Corp Safety container for explosive powder
US3713359A (en) * 1971-06-25 1973-01-30 Olin Corp Safety system for explosive powder storage bin
DE2241495A1 (de) * 1972-08-23 1974-03-14 H G Schauenburg Verwaltung Und Einrichtung zur aufnahme von schuettgut

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1106804A (en) 1981-08-11
JPS54122708A (en) 1979-09-22
NO150674B (no) 1984-08-20
NO784316L (no) 1979-06-26
IN150402B (de) 1982-09-25
EP0002980A1 (de) 1979-07-11
NO150674C (no) 1984-11-28
DE2860797D1 (en) 1981-09-24
US4238988A (en) 1980-12-16
ES476262A1 (es) 1979-04-16

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