EP0000523B1 - Fuse cord and process for making it - Google Patents

Fuse cord and process for making it Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0000523B1
EP0000523B1 EP78100402A EP78100402A EP0000523B1 EP 0000523 B1 EP0000523 B1 EP 0000523B1 EP 78100402 A EP78100402 A EP 78100402A EP 78100402 A EP78100402 A EP 78100402A EP 0000523 B1 EP0000523 B1 EP 0000523B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fusecord
sheath
strands
adhesive
component
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP78100402A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0000523A1 (en
Inventor
John Roger Windle Bailey
Michael Robert Lionel Carter
Richard Fox
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Orica Ltd
Original Assignee
ICI Australia Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ICI Australia Ltd filed Critical ICI Australia Ltd
Publication of EP0000523A1 publication Critical patent/EP0000523A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0000523B1 publication Critical patent/EP0000523B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
    • C06C5/00—Fuses, e.g. fuse cords

Definitions

  • This invention relates to fusecord of the kind commonly employed for the transmission of detonation or flame in blasting and seismic prospecting operations.
  • the invention also includes methods of manufacturing the fusecord.
  • Such fusecord usually comprises a core of incendiary or explosive material surrounded by non-explosive wrapping materials, for example, textile yarns and/or synthetic plastics materials.
  • detonating cord usually has a core comprising high explosive particles such as pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) or cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX)
  • PETN pentaerythritol tetranitrate
  • RDX cyclotrimethylene trinitramine
  • safety fuse has a core which burns at a relatively slow rate and which usually comprises the well known black powder which is a mixture of charcoal, sodium or potassium nitrate and sulphur.
  • the core is often encased in a thin envelope of paper or plastics film.
  • thermoplastics sheath is usually derived from rubbers or polyurethanes or from a polymer or copolymer of vinyl chloride; or from an olefinic polymer such as polyethylene and may be in a solid or cellular form.
  • fusecords were sufficiently water impermeable to be used commercially and did, in fact, experience considerable commerical success.
  • the fusecords of the prior art and as described generally above are meritorious articles of commerce and for many purposes do not require to be modified. However under certain conditions the prior art fusecords need modification to ensure that they may be used in a more reliable manner.
  • adhesive waxes applied by the hot melt process undergo physical changes so that the surface of the fusecord becomes sticky or tacky, and under very hot conditions such wax components soften sufficiently to make it difficult to thread the fusecord through conventional detonating relay connectors.
  • certain wax-treated outer strands tend to disintegrate or unwind and thereby producing an unsatisfactory fusecord.
  • fusecords may be modified so as to provide improvements in their physical properties such as resistance to abrasion; or in their chemical resistance to the action of salt solutions, such as those obtained by the action of water on ammonium nitrate; or to the effect of contact with carbonaceous materials such as fuel oil; or to the tackifying or surface softening effect induced by comparatively high ambient temperatures; or to the oxidation of the thermoplastic sheath induced by ultraviolet radiation.
  • Such modifications may be achieved if the coating of wax applied by a hot melt technique to the strands enclosing the thermosplastic sheath is replaced by an adhesive coating derived from certain water-based compositions and which is applied as a water-bearing adhesive to the strands and/or the enclosing thermoplastic sheath in an amount sufficient, and in a manner such, that adhesion between the said strands and the said sheath is obtained.
  • the present invention provides a fusecord for the transmission of detonation or flame in blasting and prospecting operations and comprising a core of explosive or incendiary material surrounded by non-explosive wrapping material wherein said wrapped core is encased by a casing comprising a thermoplastic sheath a part at least of which is enclosed by flexible strands adhering to the sheaths by a bonding agent, characterized in that strands are adhered to the sheath by an adhesive component derived from a water-bearing adhesive composition and selected from rubbers, epoxy resins, acrylic compounds and polymeric vinyl materials, the amount of the adhesive component ranging from 0,05 to 5 grams of said component per meter of length of the enclosed sheath.
  • thermoplastic sheath may be derived from natural occurring materials or synthetic plastic materials.
  • Compositions comprising synthetic or natural rubbers, flexible polyurethanes, silicone resins or cellulose acetate resins may be used, but these materials are less preferred than are the polyolefins such as homopolymers of ethylene or propylene or their copolymers such as a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate or an alkyl acrylate such as ethyl acrylate or butyl acrylate or an alkyl methacrylate such as methyl methacrylate.
  • Particularly useful materials from which the thermoplastic sheath may be made are compositions comprising polyvinyl chloride especially plasticized polyvinyl chloride compositions.
  • the flexible strands may take a variety of forms. Thus conveniently they may be in the form of fibres, yams, braids, tapes, textiles and the like and may be made from one or more components such as in conjugate fibres, or they be in the form of bulked or fibrillated fibres if desired. They may be derived from plant material such as jute or cotton or from cellulosic derivatives such as rayon. It is preferred however that the strands be derived from synthetic plastics material such as for example polyolefins, polyamides, polyacrylates or polyesters.
  • Yarns, fibres, tapes or textiles, derived from polyethylene or fibrillated polypropylene are useful and such products made from polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate are particularly useful.
  • the flexible strands may be placed in position on the surface of the sheath by conventional means for example by the use of a spun layer and a countering layer of strands or by a braiding operation.
  • a treatment such as a radiation treatment, so as to modify the surface of the strands to enhance the adhering effect of the water bearing adhesive.
  • the strands may also be derived from compositions containing additives, such as for example additives which confer resistance to degradation of the strands to the effect of heat or the effect of light such as ultraviolet light.
  • additives such as for example additives which confer resistance to degradation of the strands to the effect of heat or the effect of light such as ultraviolet light.
  • the surface of the thermoplastic sheath may also be modified such as for example by treatment with radiation or an acidic solution, if desired.
  • the adhesive component is a polymeric or co-polymeric material in water-bearing compositions of the structural adhesive type or of the holding adhesive type.
  • structural adhesive type is meant a composition wherein the adhesive component holds two adherends and produces high strength in conditions of shear, tension or peel.
  • holding adhesive type is meant a composition used primarily for attaching one adherend to another and holding it in place without requiring major significance to external stressing.
  • Suitable adhesive compositions include air drying types in which the bonding agents are dispersed or dissolved in a liquid so as to permit the necessary flow during application to the adherend.
  • Such adhesive compositions may be in a variety of physical forms, typically solutions, emulsions, dispersions, pastes or latexes, and it is preferred that the liquid contains water as a major constituent, and preferably as the sole constituent, of the liquid component of the adhesive composition.
  • the nature of the polymeric or copolymeric material will vary to some extent on the nature of the sheath material and the strand material and in choosing the polymeric adhesive component care should be taken to ensure that a suitable bond can be formed between the adherends and the adhesive.
  • adhesives comprising unsaturated compounds are very useful, especially when they contain a vinyl group, and typical compounds of this class include vinyl polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl acetate or copolymers derived from olefins, typically ethylene, and vinyl acetate.
  • vinyl polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl acetate or copolymers derived from olefins, typically ethylene, and vinyl acetate.
  • the amount of adhesive components in the composition should be such that the composition can be applied without difficulty to the adherends; and dependent to some extent on the chemical and physical nature of the adhesive components it has been found that adhesive compositions containing from 10 to 80% w/w, preferably from 40 to 60% w/w, of adhesive component are satisfactory.
  • a process for making a fusecord for the transmission of detonation or flame in blasting and prospecting operations comprising providing a core of explosive or incendiary material, surrounding the core by a non-explosive wrapping material, encasing the wrapped core by a casing comprising a thermoplastic sheath, enclosing a part at least of which by flexible strands and bonding the strands by the use of a bonding agent to the sheath, characterized in that the strands are adhered to the sheath by treating the surfaces thereof with a water-bearing composition comprising an adhesive component and removing the liquid component from the composition therefrom, the amount of the adhesive component ranging from 0,05 to 5 grams of said component per meter of length of the enclosed sheath.
  • a drying step may be performed in a drying tunnel wherein the partially completed, wet fusecord is passed through gas at an elevated temperature, for example air at a temperature between 90 and 105°C.
  • an amount of adhesive composition can be applied to the surface of the sheath prior to spinning the first layer of strands, and/or subsequent to forming the counter layer of strands.
  • the adhesive composition may be applied in various ways such as by pneumatic means using shaped nozzles, or by guiding the partially completed fusecord through a reservoir of adhesive composition and controlling the rate of application of the composition by the use of one or more wiper dies. Yet again the adhesive composition may be sprayed on to the appropriate surfaces.
  • the rate of application of the adhesive composition may be varied so as to provide the desired degree of bonding for a range of sizes of strands enclosing a range of sizes of sheaths. It has been found that a rate of application that provides from about 0.05 to about 5 grams of adhesive component per metre of length of the enclosed sheath is satisfactory.
  • the fusecords of the invention facilitate the operation whereby knots may be tied and maintained in a tied condition in the fusecord. There has thus been provided fusecords which have an economic advantage over similar fusecords of the prior art. In mining operations one of the key features which lead to the choice of a fusecord is the ease with which knots may be tied in fusecords and the extent to which such knots remain tight.
  • This example illustrates a detonating cord according to the invention and having a detonable core component comprising a particulate high explosive material which has been treated with a dialkyl ester of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid and wherein the thermoplastic sheath is derived from a plasticized polyvinyl chloride composition and wherein the flexible strands are polyester yarns.
  • a detonable core component was prepared by adding 2 parts by weight of di-isooctyl phthalate (DIOP) to an agitated slurry of PETN (1000 parts) in aqueous acetone and the mixture so obtained was agitated until the di-isooctyl phthalate was mixed uniformly into the slurry and thereafter the diisooctylphthalate-treated PETN was separated from the slurry to provide a particulate high explosive material which contained approximately 0.2% w/w of DIOP.
  • DIOP di-isooctyl phthalate
  • a detonable core component 1 comprising the particulate high explosive material made above was loaded from a hopper exit at a charge rate of 10 grams per metre into a tube 2 formed by convolution of a tape which was 16 millimetres wide and was fabricated from polyethylene terephthalate and available under the registered trade mark of "Melinex".
  • a yarn material 3 which was formed from two yarns of twisted 470 decatex cotton was trained through the hopper exit and along the axis of the tube 2 to remain within the core 1.
  • the tube 2 was surrounded by a spun layer 4 consisting of 8 yarns of 130 Tex polypropylene helically wound at 30 turns per metre and a countering layer 5 consisting of 10 yarns of 130 Tex polypropylene helically wound at 30 turns per metre.
  • a polyvinylchloride composition available from ICI Australia Limited under the designation "Welvic” 50390-000 ("Welvic” is a registered trade mark) and containing a low volatility plasticizer, was extruded so as to coat the layer 5 with a layer of the "Welvic” composition to form a thermoplastic sheath 6 which weighed 3 grams per metre and the sheath was surrounded by a spun layer 7 consisting of 10 yarns of 80 Tex polyethylene terephthalate spun yarn helically wound at 46 turns per metre.
  • a water-based adhesive composition having a viscosity of 22 poise and a pH value of 5.3, and available commercially from International Adhesives Pty Ltd. of Sydney, Australia under the designation Type 272/1033.
  • the adhesive component comprised a copolymer containing polyvinyl acetate and the composition contained 52% w/w of solids and had a density of 1.07 gram per cubic centimetre.
  • the composition was applied at a rate of 3 grams per metre length of sheath 6.
  • Excess adhesive was removed from the spun layer 7 by passing the partially completed detonating cord through a wiper die, a countering layer 9 consisting of 10 yarns of 80 Tex polyethyleneterephthalate spun yarn helically wound at 46 turns per metre was formed over the applied adhesive composition, and the product so obtained was passed through a drying tunnel, maintained at a temperature in a range from 95 to 105°C, for five minutes to remove the liquid components of the adhesive composition and to leave a bonding amount of adhesive 8 in contact with the sheath 6, and the yarns 7 and 9.
  • the detonating cord so prepared had a surface which was dry to the touch and it could be formed into a reel.
  • This reeled detonating cord and a length of the same cord were stored for four weeks at a temperature in a range from 35 to 40°C and after this time the surface of the cord was similar to that of the surface of the cord when freshly prepared.
  • the stored detonating cord was knotted easily and the knots remained tight at an inspection eight hours after being made.
  • Example 1 The general procedure of Example 1 was repeated except that in the present example the detonable core component 1 was crystalline PETN loaded at a charge rate of 10 grams per metre of length of tube, and the spun and counter yarns 7 and 9 of Example 1 were replaced by 16 braided yarns of 130 Tex polypropylene which were bonded to the thermoplastic sheath 6 by means of an adhesive component derived from the adhesive composition used in Example 1 and applied to the surface of the sheath 6 at a rate of 5 grams per metre of length of sheath 6. There was thus obtained a detonating cord according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 This example illustrates a safety fuse according to the invention and having a core comprising black powder and wherein the thermoplastic sheath is fabricated from foamed polyethylene and wherein the flexible strands were polyester yarns.
  • a safety fuse depicted generally in Fig. 2 was manufactured by a process wherein a core component 16 comprising black powder was loaded from a hopper exit at a charge rate of 4 grams per metre into a casing 20 which is provided by spinning ten fibres 22 of jute about the core 16 and subsequently forming a second layer of casing 20 by cross- spinning five fibres 22 of glass over the jute.
  • Cotton filaments 18 were trained through the hopper exit and along the axis of casing 20 to remain within core 16.
  • the partialy completed product 12 was coated with a polyethylene sheath 14 which had an internal cellular structure 26 and a substantially continuous outer skin 24.
  • the sheath 14 was applied by means used conventionally to extrude polyethylene in the form of a foam to a substrate.
  • the outer skin 24 of the sheath 14 was treated with the water-based adhesive 32 of Example 1 at a rate of 4 grams of composition per metre length of sheath 14 and a spun layer 30 of polyethylene terephthalate yarns was helically wound over the adhesively treated skin 24.
  • a similar further application of adhesive 32 was made on to the surface of the yarns of spun layer 30 and a similar counter spun layer 33 of polyethylene terephthalate yarns was located over the adhesive 32.
  • the resultant product was passed through a stream of air heated at a temperature 105°C to provide a fusecord having a dry surface comprising strands of polyethylene terephthalate bonded to the skin of a thermoplastic sheath by means of a copolymeric component derived from a water-bearing adhesive composition.
  • Example 1 In this series of examples the general procedure of Example 1 was repeated except that the adhesive composition of that example was replaced by a range of compositions in which the characterizing adhesive component was as designated in Table 1 and wherein the major ingredient of the carrier component of the composition was water. Table 1 also shows the rate of application of the adhesive composition expressed as grams of composition per metre of sheath length. Each of the detonating cords so produced had surface, reeling, storage and knotting characteristics similar to the corresponding characteristic of the detonating cord of Example 1.
  • thermoplastic sheath was formed from a range of plasticized polyvinyl chloride compositions available from ICI Australia under a designation of "Welvic” followed by a numerical code. These various "Welvic" compositions are referred to in Table 2.
  • the detonating cord so produced had a surface which was dry to the touch, it could be formed into a reel, and had storage and knotting characteristics similar to those of the detonating cord of Example 1.
  • Example 2 In this series of examples the general procedure of Example 1 was repeated except that the thermoplastic sheath was derived from a composition the major component of which is set out in Table 3, which also describes the type of yarn used to prepare both the spun layer 7 and the countering layer 9 each of which layers contained 8 yarns.
  • the detonating cord so produced had a surface which was dry to the touch, it could be formed into a reel and had a storage and knotting characteristics similar to those of the detonating cord of Example 1.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)
EP78100402A 1977-08-01 1978-07-14 Fuse cord and process for making it Expired EP0000523B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU1055/77 1977-08-01
AUPD105577 1977-08-01

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0000523A1 EP0000523A1 (en) 1979-02-07
EP0000523B1 true EP0000523B1 (en) 1982-06-16

Family

ID=3767111

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP78100402A Expired EP0000523B1 (en) 1977-08-01 1978-07-14 Fuse cord and process for making it

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US4230041A (it)
EP (1) EP0000523B1 (it)
CA (1) CA1117820A (it)
DE (1) DE2861900D1 (it)
GB (1) GB2001739B (it)
IT (1) IT1158897B (it)
NZ (1) NZ187824A (it)
ZA (1) ZA784039B (it)
ZM (1) ZM6878A1 (it)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023128163A1 (ko) * 2021-12-30 2023-07-06 주식회사 한화 기폭신호 전달용 쇼크튜브 및 그 제조방법

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GB9017715D0 (en) * 1990-08-13 1990-09-26 Ici Plc Low energy fuse
US5658414A (en) * 1995-03-03 1997-08-19 Kraft Foods, Inc. Organometallic solvent seaming of cellulosic materials
US5690777A (en) * 1995-03-03 1997-11-25 Kraft Foods, Inc. Seamed cellulosic materials using organometallic solvents
US5939661A (en) * 1997-01-06 1999-08-17 The Ensign-Bickford Company Method of manufacturing an explosive carrier material, and articles containing the same
US5864084A (en) * 1997-04-16 1999-01-26 American Promotional Events, Inc. Glow in the dark fuse and method for making same
US6247410B1 (en) * 1998-12-10 2001-06-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy High-output insensitive munition detonating cord
GB9913262D0 (en) * 1999-06-09 2002-08-21 Royal Ordnance Plc Desensitation of energetic materials
US6439099B1 (en) 2000-09-14 2002-08-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Explosive charges braided into a line charge assembly
AU2003242356A1 (en) * 2002-09-10 2004-04-30 Kurabe Industrial Co., Ltd. Code-shaped temperature fuse and sheet-shaped temperature fuse
US20090217811A1 (en) * 2006-01-17 2009-09-03 David William Leeming Textile armour
NL2000406C2 (nl) * 2006-12-22 2008-06-24 Tno Werkwijze en inrichting voor het beschermen van objecten tegen raket-aangedreven granaten (RPG's).
DE102009050084A1 (de) * 2009-10-20 2011-07-28 Fasel, Albert, 65520 Mehrschichtiger Schlauch mit einer schlauchförmigen Innenfolie, Vorrichtung und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung sowie dessen Verwendung
CN105674807B (zh) * 2014-11-19 2017-08-04 南京理工大学 一种基于sy导爆索装药的起爆索
CN109667007B (zh) * 2017-10-17 2022-03-25 喻翠云 一种新型微烟引火线外包线的制备方法及应用

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GB471433A (en) 1936-03-03 1937-09-03 James Sinton Bruce Fleming Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of safety fuze
US3260201A (en) * 1963-11-15 1966-07-12 Ensign Bickford Co Fuse having cellular plastic sheath
GB1070660A (en) * 1964-12-30 1967-06-01 Ici Ltd Manufacture of granular pentaerythritol tetranitrate
US3318242A (en) * 1965-06-23 1967-05-09 Trojan Powder Co Packaged explosive product
GB1106396A (en) * 1965-08-19 1968-03-13 Du Pont Explosive composition
US3428502A (en) * 1966-10-25 1969-02-18 Du Pont Polyvinyl acetate binder for crystalline explosive
US3881420A (en) * 1971-09-23 1975-05-06 Ensign Bickford Co Smoke cord
GB1378669A (en) 1972-09-06 1974-12-27 Ici Ltd Explosive fuse-cord
GB1425084A (en) * 1973-07-04 1976-02-18 Ici Ltd Water-resistand fuse-cord
US3908509A (en) * 1973-10-29 1975-09-30 Eb Ind Inc Fuse and its method of manufacture
GB1456281A (en) 1974-04-22 1976-11-24 Ici Ltd Detonating fuse-cord
US3995525A (en) * 1974-05-20 1976-12-07 Imperial Chemical Industries Limited Method for manufacturing detonating fuse-cord

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023128163A1 (ko) * 2021-12-30 2023-07-06 주식회사 한화 기폭신호 전달용 쇼크튜브 및 그 제조방법

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT7826283A0 (it) 1978-07-28
US4230041A (en) 1980-10-28
NZ187824A (en) 1980-08-26
GB2001739B (en) 1982-01-06
ZA784039B (en) 1980-03-26
IT1158897B (it) 1987-02-25
GB2001739A (en) 1979-02-07
CA1117820A (en) 1982-02-09
EP0000523A1 (en) 1979-02-07
ZM6878A1 (en) 1980-06-20
DE2861900D1 (en) 1982-08-05

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