EP0000460B1 - Silver-based catalysts and their use in the preparation of oxide of olefins - Google Patents
Silver-based catalysts and their use in the preparation of oxide of olefins Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0000460B1 EP0000460B1 EP78400048A EP78400048A EP0000460B1 EP 0000460 B1 EP0000460 B1 EP 0000460B1 EP 78400048 A EP78400048 A EP 78400048A EP 78400048 A EP78400048 A EP 78400048A EP 0000460 B1 EP0000460 B1 EP 0000460B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- silver
- catalyst
- graphite
- ethylene
- oxygen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 52
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 16
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 title description 3
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000008246 gaseous mixture Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 9
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- CQLFBEKRDQMJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver acetate Chemical compound [Ag+].CC([O-])=O CQLFBEKRDQMJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 229940071536 silver acetate Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006735 epoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 2
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 silicylate Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 229940100890 silver compound Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000003379 silver compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Glycolate Chemical compound OCC([O-])=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lactate Chemical compound CC(O)C([O-])=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-L Malonate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC([O-])=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OLBVUFHMDRJKTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[O] Chemical compound [N].[O] OLBVUFHMDRJKTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N acetaldehyde Chemical compound [14CH]([14CH3])=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- VWWMOACCGFHMEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicarbide(2-) Chemical compound [C-]#[C-] VWWMOACCGFHMEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001033 granulometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940049920 malate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008262 pumice Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003378 silver Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002470 thermal conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D301/00—Preparation of oxiranes
- C07D301/02—Synthesis of the oxirane ring
- C07D301/03—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds
- C07D301/04—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with air or molecular oxygen
- C07D301/08—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with air or molecular oxygen in the gaseous phase
- C07D301/10—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with air or molecular oxygen in the gaseous phase with catalysts containing silver or gold
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/48—Silver or gold
- B01J23/50—Silver
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/18—Carbon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/40—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by dimensions, e.g. grain size
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/612—Surface area less than 10 m2/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/63—Pore volume
- B01J35/633—Pore volume less than 0.5 ml/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/66—Pore distribution
Definitions
- the present invention relates to silver-based catalysts on a graphite support for the vapor phase epoxidation of olefins and more particularly for the production, by this technique, of ethylene oxide from ethylene and oxygen. molecular.
- ethylene oxide is carried out in the vapor phase, in tubular reactors with a fixed bed, by reaction of oxygen and ethylene on catalytic phases based on silver deposited on refractory supports. and inert formed mainly of alumina, silica-alumina, magnesia, pumice, zirconia, clay, ceramic, asbestos, natural or artificial zeolite or silicon carbide.
- the prior art generally prefers supports based on ⁇ alumina having a specific surface of less than a few m2 / g. This specific surface is determined by the nitrogen adsorption method, known as B.E.T. described by BRUNAUER, EMMET and TELLER in "The journal of the american chemical Society" vol.
- porous artificial graphites can be obtained in very different forms such as spheres, pellets, rings, cassons or extruded shapes.
- French patent n ° 1.079.601 does not specify any textural characteristic: granulometry, porosity, specific surface of the graphite used and in addition to a good absorption capacity the only quality required is limited to a perfect deburring of the solid.
- the catalysts of this patent were tested on loads of 1,100 to 1,200 kg and under these conditions the productivities obtained are low, less than 15 g of ethylene oxide per liter of catalyst per hour for tests at atmospheric pressure and of the order of 115 g for tests under 10 bars. The selectivities announced in the latter case are poor: 60 to 68%.
- German Patent No. 1,066,559 very briefly describes a single test in a reactor 3 m long and 25 mm in diameter.
- the artificial graphite used is not defined and the authors report low productivity accompanying poor selectivity not exceeding 55%.
- the silver compounds used can be either salts: nitrate, formate, lactate, citrate, carbonate, oxalate, silicylate, acetate, sulfate, propionate, maleate, malate, malonate, phthalate, tartrate, glycolate, succinate, oxide, hydroxide, acetylide or ketenide, either complexes of silver salts with nitrogenous molecules, ammonia, acrylonitrile, pyridine, ethanolamine, ethylene diamine, or with P-diketones.
- the main solvents or suspension liquids used are water, acetone, light alcohols, ether, pyridine, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol or chlorinated solvents.
- All the techniques which allow the passage of these compounds to the metal or to the oxide can be applied in the presence of graphite or of graphitized materials, for example precipitation, thermal decomposition in an inert, oxidizing or reducing atmosphere and chemical reduction.
- a particularly suitable treatment is thermal decomposition on the supports of silver acetate under the following conditions: thermal rise from 20 to 280 ° C at a rate of 20 ° C / hour followed by a plateau of 10 to 30 hours at 280-300 ° C, the entire operation being carried out with nitrogen sweeping with the possible addition of oxygen or hydrogen.
- the temperature of the oil bath of the evaporator is brought to 120 ° C. and the support is left to degas for one hour under a partial pressure of 100 mm of mercury. Under the same conditions of temperature and pressure, 200 ml of a pyridine solution at 5% by weight of silver acetate are then introduced dropwise over 3 hours. Under these conditions the evaporation of the solvent is instantaneous. After introduction of all of the solution, the impregnated and dried support is transferred to a tubular reactor to decompose, in a stream of nitrogen, the silver acetate according to the known reaction:
- this treatment is carried out with a temperature rise of 20 ° C / h up to a plateau of 18 hours at 270 ° C. Analysis indicates that the catalyst thus prepared contains 10% by weight of silver.
- the reactor Charged into a laboratory reactor working at atmospheric pressure 30 ml of catalyst prepared in Example No. 1.
- the reactor consists of a stainless steel tube 600 mm long and 16 mm inside diameter.
- the reagents are admitted from below and are preheated on a bed of 200 mm high porcelain rings, which also supports the catalyst charge.
- the whole is heated by an oil circulation in a double jacket.
- the gases entering and leaving the reactor are analyzed online using a double detection chromatograph: a flame ionization detector for ethylene oxide, methane, formaldehyde, propylene, propane, methanol and acetaldehyde, and a thermal conductivity detector for oxygen-nitrogen, carbon dioxide, ethylene and water.
- the two columns, 1/8 inch in diameter and 2.5 meters long, mounted in series, are filled one with chromosorb 101, the other with porapak Q.
- Example No. 3 a charge of 30 ml of catalyst prepared in Example No. 2 is introduced. After an activation treatment of 30 hours consisting in passing an air-mixture over the catalyst. ethylene 50% -50% at a temperature below 200 ° C, a gas stream of 14 liters / hour is introduced into the reactor consisting of a mixture of 14% ethylene, 4.6% oxygen, 81, 4 nitrogen and 200 ppb of 1,2-dichloroethane. After 60 hours under reagents, a conversion rate of ethylene of 7% is obtained at 230 ° C. with a selectivity to ethylene oxide of 70%.
- Example 2 30 ml of the catalyst prepared in Example 2 are loaded into a laboratory reactor operating under pressure and consisting essentially of a stainless steel tube 355 mm long and 16 mm in internal diameter, heated by a bath of molten nitrates .
- the reagents admitted from the bottom of the reactor are preheated on a 42 mm high porcelain filling.
- the analytical device is identical to that described in Example 3.
- a gas stream containing 13% ethylene, 5% oxygen and 82% nitrogen is passed over the catalyst, at a pressure of 20 bars, at a specific hourly flow rate of 9000 liters / hour normal per liter of catalyst.
- an ethylene conversion rate of 8.5% and a selectivity to ethylene oxide of 71% an ethylene oxide productivity of 139 g per hour and per liter of catalyst is obtained at 221 ° C.
- a catalyst is prepared with an artificial graphite of Le Carbone Lorraine origin, the characteristics of which are collated in Table No. 5 . Analysis indicates that the catalyst thus prepared contains 13% by weight of silver.
- a comparative example was carried out on a catalyst prepared according to the procedure described in Example 1, with an artificial graphite with a particle size of 4 to 5 mm and a total volume of low porosity formed only of pores with radii less than 6.6 microns.
- the characteristics of the graphite used are collated in Table No. 7. Analysis indicates a silver content of the catalyst of 11% by weight. 30 ml of this catalyst are loaded into the reactor described in Example No. 3. After activation treatment identical to that of Example No. 5, a gas flow rate of 14 liters / hour is formed at atmospheric pressure. of a mixture of 13% ethylene, 4.7% oxygen, 82.3% nitrogen and 600 ppb of 1,2-dichloroethane.
- a comparative example was carried out on a catalyst prepared, according to the procedure described in Example 1, with an artificial graphite with a particle size of 200 to 700 microns and a low volume of porosity.
- the characteristics of the graphite used are collated in Table No. 8. Analysis indicates a silver content of the catalyst of 11% by weight. 30 ml of this catalyst are loaded into the reactor described in Example No. 3. After an activation treatment of 50 hours with a 50% -50% air-ethylene mixture at a temperature of 175 to 215 ° C., introduced into the reactor a gas stream of 14 liters / hour formed of a mixture of 14% ethylene, 4.8% oxygen, 81.2% nitrogen and 200 ppb of 1,2-dichloroethane. The best results obtained are shown in Table 9.
- Example 8 30 ml of the catalyst prepared in Example 8 are loaded into the reactor described in Example 3.
- a selectivity to propylene oxide of 25.7% is obtained for an overall conversion of propylene of 1.1%.
- a comparative example was carried out on a catalyst with a silver content of 12.4%, prepared according to the procedure described in Example 1, with an artificial graphite in grains of diameter 400 to 500 millimicrons, with a specific surface of 10 m2 / g and total volume of porosity 0.085 cm3 / g.
- the specific surface of this catalyst is 7 m2 / g.
- a gas stream containing 5% ethylene, 5% oxygen and 90% nitrogen is passed over the catalyst at a pressure of 20 bars and at a temperature of 276 ° C. at a specific hourly flow rate of 9,000 1 / h / normal per liter of catalyst.
- the ethylene conversion rate is 4.7% and the selectivity for ethylene oxide is 36%, which shows that a specific surface area of the catalyst of less than 10 m2 / g is not a sufficient characteristic for that graphite is a good support for silver.
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Description
La présente invention concerne des catalyseurs a base d'argent sur support graphite pour l'époxydation en phase vapeur des oléfines et plus particulièrement pour la production, par cette technique, de l'oxyde d'éthylène à partir d'éthylène et d'oxygène moléculaire.The present invention relates to silver-based catalysts on a graphite support for the vapor phase epoxidation of olefins and more particularly for the production, by this technique, of ethylene oxide from ethylene and oxygen. molecular.
De façon générale la production d'oxyde d'éthylène est effectuée en phase vapeur, dans des réacteurs tubulaires à lit fixe, par réaction de l'oxygène et de l'éthylène sur des phases catalytiques à base d'argent déposées sur des supports réfractaires et inertes formés principalement d'alumine, de silice-alumine, de magnésie, de pierre ponce, de zircone, d'argile, de céramique, d'amiante, de zéolithe naturelle ou artificielle ou de carbure de silicium. L'art antérieur préfère généralement les supports à base d'alumine α possédant une surface spécifique inférieure à quelques m2/g. Cette surface spécifique est déterminée par la méthode d'adsorption de l'azote, méthode dite B.E.T. décrite par BRUNAUER, EMMET et TELLER dans "The journal of the american chemical Society" vol. 60, page 309, 1938. La deuxième caractéristique importante de ces supports est la porosite: elle est en général élevé: 30 à 60% en volume, et constitués de pores de rayons importants. C'est ainsi que l'on trouve cités dans les brevets français n° 2.006.849 et 2.253.747 des rayons de pores de 1 à 15 microns, dans le brevet français n° 2.117.189 des rayons de pores de 2 à 40 microns, dans le brevet français n° 2.243.193 des rayons de pores de 10 à 300 microns at enfin dans le brevet français n° 2.029.751 des rayons de pores de 200 à 1500 microns.Generally, the production of ethylene oxide is carried out in the vapor phase, in tubular reactors with a fixed bed, by reaction of oxygen and ethylene on catalytic phases based on silver deposited on refractory supports. and inert formed mainly of alumina, silica-alumina, magnesia, pumice, zirconia, clay, ceramic, asbestos, natural or artificial zeolite or silicon carbide. The prior art generally prefers supports based on α alumina having a specific surface of less than a few m2 / g. This specific surface is determined by the nitrogen adsorption method, known as B.E.T. described by BRUNAUER, EMMET and TELLER in "The journal of the american chemical Society" vol. 60, page 309, 1938. The second important characteristic of these supports is the porosity: it is generally high: 30 to 60% by volume, and made up of pores with large radii. Thus we find cited in French patents n ° 2,006,849 and 2,253,747 pore radii from 1 to 15 microns, in French patent n ° 2.117.189 pore radii from 2 to 40 microns, in French patent n ° 2,243,193 pore radii from 10 to 300 microns and finally in French patent n ° 2,029,751 pore radii from 200 to 1,500 microns.
La demanderesse a découvert que l'époxydation catalytique des oléfines et en particulier celle de l'éthylène, pouvait être effectuée avec de bonnes sélectivités et avec des productivités supérieures à celles des catalyseurs décrits dans l'art antérieur par l'emploi comme supports de certains graphites, tels ceux récemment mis au point par la société. Le Carbone Lorraine et faisant l'objet du brevet français 2.315.482 du 24 Juin 1975 et de la demande de brevet français 77 14581 du 12 Mai 1977.The Applicant has discovered that the catalytic epoxidation of olefins and in particular that of ethylene, can be carried out with good selectivities and with higher productivities than those of the catalysts described in the prior art by the use as carriers of certain graphites, such as those recently developed by the company. Carbone Lorraine and the subject of French patent 2,315,482 of June 24, 1975 and French patent application 77 14581 of May 12, 1977.
Les nouveaux supports graphités ou matériaux graphités sont caractérisés par:
- . une parfaite résistance à l'oxydation
- . une granulométrie suffisamment élevés, 50 microns à 10 mm permettant leur emploi dans les réacteurs industriels.
- . des propriétés mécaniques satisfaisantes, évitant la formation de poussières au cours de la préparation du catalyseur, de ses manipulations ou de son fonctionnement.
- . une surface spécifique faible, inférieure à 10m2/g de préférence comprise entre 0,1 et 2 m2/g.
- . un volume de porosité de 0,1 à 0,4 cm3/g, réparti différemment suivant la granulométrie dans les domaines de rayons de pores inférieurs ou supérieurs à 6,6 microns. Pour les faibles granulométries, inférieures à 0,7 mm, la macroporosité, constituée de pores de rayons supérieurs à 6,6 microns peut être faible et une partie importante de la porosité, pouvant atteindre 90% de la porosité total peut être concentrée dans le domaine de rayons de pores de 50 A° à 6,6 microns. Pour les granulométries plus élevées il doit exister, à côté du domaine de microporosité précédemment décrit, une macroporosité formée de rayons de pores pouvant atteindre 200 microns. Cette macroporosité peut représenter 50 à 90% de la porosité totale.
- . perfect resistance to oxidation
- . a sufficiently high particle size, 50 microns to 10 mm allowing their use in industrial reactors.
- . satisfactory mechanical properties, avoiding the formation of dust during the preparation of the catalyst, its handling or its operation.
- . a low specific surface, less than 10 m 2 / g preferably between 0.1 and 2 m 2 / g.
- . a porosity volume of 0.1 to 0.4 cm3 / g, distributed differently according to the particle size in the ranges of pore radii less than or greater than 6.6 microns. For small particle sizes, less than 0.7 mm, the macroporosity, consisting of pores with radii greater than 6.6 microns, can be low and a large part of the porosity, which can reach 90% of the total porosity, can be concentrated in the pore radius range from 50 A ° to 6.6 microns. For higher particle sizes there must exist, alongside the microporosity range previously described, a macroporosity formed by pore rays up to 200 microns. This macroporosity can represent 50 to 90% of the total porosity.
Ces graphites artificiels poreux peuvent être obtennus sous des formes très différentes comme des sphères, des pastilles, des anneaux, des cassons ou des formes extrudées.These porous artificial graphites can be obtained in very different forms such as spheres, pellets, rings, cassons or extruded shapes.
L'amélioration apportée par ce nouveau type de support est double, il permet d'obtenir avec des sélectivités meilleures des productivités en oxyde d'éthylène plus élevées. Cette amélioration peut être attribuée à la texture et à la structure du graphite mais aussi à la bonne conductibilité thermique de ces solides qui permet une élimination rapide des calories formées dans la zone réactionnelle. Cette élimination rapide des calories limite la réaction de dégradation thermique de l'oxyde d'éthylène en dioxyde de carbone et permet par conséquent des productivités élevées. Dans l'art antérieur, on trouve quelques tentatives d'emploi de supports bons conducteurs thermiques, mais il s'agit de solides qu'il est difficile d'obtenir avec une texture déterminée. On peut noter les métaux (brevet anglais n° 1.133.484), les ferrosiliciums (brevet allemand n° 1.093.344) la magnétite (brevet américain n° 2.593.156) le carbure de silicium (brevet anglais n° 1.133.484).The improvement brought by this new type of support is twofold, it makes it possible to obtain, with better selectivities, higher productivity in ethylene oxide. This improvement can be attributed to the texture and structure of the graphite but also to the good thermal conductivity of these solids which allows rapid elimination of the calories formed in the reaction zone. This rapid elimination of calories limits the thermal degradation reaction of ethylene oxide to carbon dioxide and therefore allows high productivity. In the prior art, there are some attempts to use supports which are good thermal conductors, but these are solids which it is difficult to obtain with a determined texture. We can note metals (English patent n ° 1,133,484), ferrosilicon (German patent n ° 1,093,344) magnetite (American patent n ° 2,593,156) silicon carbide (English patent n ° 1,133,484) .
On trouve également mentionné l'emploi du graphite comme support de l'argent dans la synthèse de l'oxyde d'éthylène dans les brevets français n° 1.079.601 et anglais n° 775.218 ainsi que dans le brevet allemand n° 1.066.569.The use of graphite as a silver support is also mentioned in the synthesis of ethylene oxide in French patents no 1,079,601 and English no 775,218 as well as in German patent no 1,066,569 .
Le brevet français n° 1.079.601 ne précise aucune caractéristique texturale: granulométrie, porosité, surface spécifique du graphite employé et outre une bonne capacité d'absorption la seule qualité requise se limite à un désbuilage parfait du solide. Les catalyseurs de ce brevet ont été testés sur des charges de 1,100 à 1,200 kg et dans ces conditions les productivités obtenues sont faibles, inférieures à 15 g d'oxyde d'éthylène par litre de catalyseur et par heure pour des essais à pression atmosphérique et de l'ordre de 115 g pour des essais sous 10 bars. Les sélectivités annoncées dans ce dernier cas sont médiocres: 60 à 68%.French patent n ° 1.079.601 does not specify any textural characteristic: granulometry, porosity, specific surface of the graphite used and in addition to a good absorption capacity the only quality required is limited to a perfect deburring of the solid. The catalysts of this patent were tested on loads of 1,100 to 1,200 kg and under these conditions the productivities obtained are low, less than 15 g of ethylene oxide per liter of catalyst per hour for tests at atmospheric pressure and of the order of 115 g for tests under 10 bars. The selectivities announced in the latter case are poor: 60 to 68%.
Le brevet allemand n° 1.066.559 décrit très brièvement un seul essai dans un réacteur de 3 m de long et de 25 mm de diamètre. Le graphite artificiel employé n'est pas défini et les auteurs signalent une faible productivité accompagnant une sélectivité mauvaise ne dépassant pas 55%.German Patent No. 1,066,559 very briefly describes a single test in a reactor 3 m long and 25 mm in diameter. The artificial graphite used is not defined and the authors report low productivity accompanying poor selectivity not exceeding 55%.
Bien que testés uniquement sur des charges de 30 ml, donc dans des conditions plus défavorables que celles décrites ci-dessus, les nouveaux catalyseurs proposés se sont révélés nettement supérieurs. Avec des teneurs en argent beaucoup plus faibles que celles utilisées dans les précédents brevets: 100 à 250 g/litre au lieu de 75 à 500 g/I on obtient dans une série d'essais à pression atmosphérique des sélectivités de 70 à 76%, tandis que sous 20 bars les sélectivités atteignent 71 % pour des productivités de 140 g d'oxyde d'éthylène par litre de catalyseur et par heure.Although tested only on 30 ml fillers, therefore under more unfavorable conditions than those described above, the new catalysts proposed have proved to be clearly superior. With silver contents much lower than those used in the previous patents: 100 to 250 g / liter instead of 75 to 500 g / I, in a series of tests at atmospheric pressure, selectivities of 70 to 76% are obtained, while under 20 bars the selectivities reach 71% for productivities of 140 g of ethylene oxide per liter of catalyst per hour.
La préparation de ces nouveaux catalyseurs ne pose aucun problème et peut être réalisée par tout procédé classique. On peut en particulier opérer de façon connue en deux étapes par imprégnation ou enrobage d'un composé de l'argent en solution ou suspension dans un solvant volatil, suivi d'un traitement permettant le passage sur le support au métal.The preparation of these new catalysts poses no problem and can be carried out by any conventional process. One can in particular operate in a known manner in two stages by impregnation or coating of a silver compound in solution or suspension in a volatile solvent, followed by a treatment allowing the passage on the support to the metal.
Les composés d'argent utilisés peuvent être soit des sels: nitrate, formiate, lactate, citrate, carbonate, oxalate, silicylate, acétate, sulfate, propionate, maléate, malate, malonate, phtalate, tartrate, glycolate, succinate, oxyde, hydroxyde, acétylure ou céténure, soit des complexes de sels d'argent avec des molécules azotées, ammoniac, acrylonitrile, pyridine, éthanolamine, éthylène diamine, ou avec des P-dicétones. Les principaux solvants ou liquides de suspension employés sont l'eau, l'acétone, les alcools légers, l'éther, la pyridine, l'éthylène glycol, le diéthylène glycol ou les solvants chlorés.The silver compounds used can be either salts: nitrate, formate, lactate, citrate, carbonate, oxalate, silicylate, acetate, sulfate, propionate, maleate, malate, malonate, phthalate, tartrate, glycolate, succinate, oxide, hydroxide, acetylide or ketenide, either complexes of silver salts with nitrogenous molecules, ammonia, acrylonitrile, pyridine, ethanolamine, ethylene diamine, or with P-diketones. The main solvents or suspension liquids used are water, acetone, light alcohols, ether, pyridine, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol or chlorinated solvents.
Toutes les techniques qui permettent le passage de ces composés au métal ou à l'oxyde peuvent être appliquées en présence de graphite ou de matériaux graphités, par exemple la précipitation, la décomposition thermique en atmosphère inerte, oxydante ou réductrice et la réduction chimique. Un traitement particulièrement approprié est la décomposition thermique sur les supports de l'acétate d'argent dans les conditions suivantes: montée thermique de 20 à 280°C à raison de 20°C/heure suivie d'un palier de 10 à 30 heures à 280-300°C, la totalité de l'opération étant effectuée sous balayage d'azote avec addition possible d'oxygène ou d'hydrogène.All the techniques which allow the passage of these compounds to the metal or to the oxide can be applied in the presence of graphite or of graphitized materials, for example precipitation, thermal decomposition in an inert, oxidizing or reducing atmosphere and chemical reduction. A particularly suitable treatment is thermal decomposition on the supports of silver acetate under the following conditions: thermal rise from 20 to 280 ° C at a rate of 20 ° C / hour followed by a plateau of 10 to 30 hours at 280-300 ° C, the entire operation being carried out with nitrogen sweeping with the possible addition of oxygen or hydrogen.
Il est possible d'ajouter à ces catalyseurs, dans les teneurs habituelles de 0 à 2% en poids, tous les promoteurs solides classiques de l'argent:
- K, Ca, Cs, Ba, Pt, Ni, Sn, Cd, Sr, Li, Mg, Na, Rb,
- Au, Cu, Zn, La, Ce, Th, Be, Sb, Bi, Ti, Pd, Ir,
- Os, Ru, Fe, AI.
- K, Ca, Cs, Ba, Pt, Ni, Sn, Cd, Sr, Li, Mg, Na, Rb,
- Au, Cu, Zn, La, Ce, Th, Be, Sb, Bi, Ti, Pd, Ir,
- Os, Ru, Fe, AI.
Ces éléments pouvant se trouver dans les catalyseurs finis, sous forme métallique ou sous forme d'oxyde ou de composé.These elements can be found in finished catalysts, in metallic form or in the form of oxide or compound.
Il a été également observé que certains dérivés halogénés des hydrocarbures, ajoutés en faibles quantités aux réactifs, augmentent la sélectivité des catalyseurs mis au point par la demanderesse. L'emploi du dichloro-1,2 éthane, à une concentration maximale de 1 ppm par rapport au volume total gazeux se révélant particulièrement intéressant.It has also been observed that certain halogenated derivatives of hydrocarbons, added in small amounts to the reactants, increase the selectivity of the catalysts developed by the applicant. The use of 1,2-dichloroethane, at a maximum concentration of 1 ppm relative to the total gas volume, proving to be particularly advantageous.
Les exemples 1 à 12 ci-dessous illustrent de façon non limitative la préparation et l'utilisation des catalyseurs selon l'invention. Les résultats obtenus dans ces exemples sont exprimés en taux de transformation globale de l'éthylène, en sélectivité et en productivité.
- - taux de transformation globale de l'éthylène (T.T.G.):
- - sélectivité de la transformation en oxyde d'éthylène (SOE)
- - la productivité (Pg) P9 = Nombre de grammes d'oxyde d'éthylène produit par litre de catalyseur et par heure.
- - overall ethylene conversion rate (TTG):
- - selectivity of the transformation into ethylene oxide (SOE)
- - Productivity (Pg) P 9 = Number of grams of ethylene oxide produced per liter of catalyst and per hour.
On place dans un ballon à solides, monté sur un évaporateur rotatif 42,5 g d'un graphite artificiel préparé par la Société Le Carbone Lorraine et dont les caractéristiques texturales sont rassemblées dans le tableau n° 1.
On porte la température du bain d'huile de l'évaporateur à 120°C et on laisse dégazer le support pendant une heure sous une pression partielle de 100 mm de mercure. Dans les mêmes conditions de température et de pression on introduit ensuite, goutte à goutte en 3 heures, 200 ml d'une solution pyridinique à 5% en poids d'acétate d'argent. Dans ces conditions l'évaporation du solvant est instantanés. Après introduction de la totalité de la solution, le support imprégné et séché, est transféré dans un réacteur tubulaire pour décomposer, dans un courant d'azote, l'acétate d'argent suivant la réaction connue:
Afin de contrôler thermiquement la réaction ce traitement est effectué avec une montée en température de 20°C/h jusqu'à un palier de 18 heures à 270°C. L'analyse indique que le catalyseur ainsi préparé contient 10% en poids d'argent.In order to thermally control the reaction, this treatment is carried out with a temperature rise of 20 ° C / h up to a plateau of 18 hours at 270 ° C. Analysis indicates that the catalyst thus prepared contains 10% by weight of silver.
On place dans un ballon à solides monté sur un évaporateur rotatif 84 g d'un graphite artificiel préparé par la Société Le Carbone Lorraine et dont les caractéristiques sont rassemblées dans le tableau n° 2. On y ajoute 200 ml d'une solution à 10% en poids d'acétate d'argent dans la pyridine et on distille le solvant sous une pression partielle de 5 mm de mercure. Le support imprégné est séché, puis chargé dans un réacteur tubulaire pour décomposition de l'acétate d'argent dans les mêmes conditions que celles de l'exemple n° 1. On obtient ainsi produit contenant 10% d'argent en poids.
On charge dans un réacteur de laboratoire travaillant à la pression atmosphérique 30 ml de catalyseur préparé dans l'exemple n° 1. Le réacteur est constitué par un tube en acier inoxydable de 600 mm de long et de 16 mm de diamètre intérieur. Les réactifs sont admis par le bas et sont préchauffés sur un lit d'anneaux de porcelaine de 200 mm de haut, que supporte également la charge de catalyseur. Le chauffage de l'ensemble est assuré par une circulation d'huile dans une double enveloppe. Les gaz entrant et sortant du réacteur sont analysés en ligne à l'aide d'un chromatographe à double détection: un détecteur à ionisation de flamme pour l'oxyde d'éthylène, le méthane, le formol, le propylène, le propane, le méthanol et l'acétaldéhyde, et un détecteur à conductibilité thermique pour l'oxygène-azote, le dioxyde de carbone, l'éthylène et l'eau. Les deux colonnes de diamètre 1/8 de pouce et de longueur 2,5 mètres, montées en série sont remplies l'une de chromosorb 101, l'autre de porapak Q.Charged into a laboratory reactor working at atmospheric pressure 30 ml of catalyst prepared in Example No. 1. The reactor consists of a stainless steel tube 600 mm long and 16 mm inside diameter. The reagents are admitted from below and are preheated on a bed of 200 mm high porcelain rings, which also supports the catalyst charge. The whole is heated by an oil circulation in a double jacket. The gases entering and leaving the reactor are analyzed online using a double detection chromatograph: a flame ionization detector for ethylene oxide, methane, formaldehyde, propylene, propane, methanol and acetaldehyde, and a thermal conductivity detector for oxygen-nitrogen, carbon dioxide, ethylene and water. The two columns, 1/8 inch in diameter and 2.5 meters long, mounted in series, are filled one with chromosorb 101, the other with porapak Q.
On fait passer sur le catalyseur un courant gazeux de 14 litres/heure constitué d'un mélange de 12% d'éthylène, 4,7% d'oxygène, 83,3% d'azote et 600 ppb de dichloro-1,2 éthane. Après 100 heures on obtient les résultats du tableau n° 3.
A titre de comparaison avec les résultats de l'essai n° 3 précédent, on a testé sur le même appareillage et dans des conditions rigoureusement identiques un catalyseur industrialisé contenant 15% d'argent, sur un support silice-alumine. Les résultats obtenus figurent sur le tableau n° 4.
Dans le réacteur décrit dans l'exemple n° 3, on introduit une charge de 30 ml de catalyseur préparé dans l'exemple n° 2. Après un traitement d'activation de 30 heures consistant à faire passer sur le catalyseur un mélange air-éthylène 50%-50% à une température inférieure à 200°C, on introduit dans le réacteur un courant gazeux de 14 litres/heure constitué d'un mélange de 14% d'éthylène, 4,6% d'oxygène, 81,4 d'azote et 200 ppb de dichloro-1,2 éthane. Après 60 heures sous réactifs on obtient à 230°C un taux de transformation de l'éthylène de 7% avec une sélectivité en oxyde d'éthylène de 70%.In the reactor described in Example No. 3, a charge of 30 ml of catalyst prepared in Example No. 2 is introduced. After an activation treatment of 30 hours consisting in passing an air-mixture over the catalyst. ethylene 50% -50% at a temperature below 200 ° C, a gas stream of 14 liters / hour is introduced into the reactor consisting of a mixture of 14% ethylene, 4.6% oxygen, 81, 4 nitrogen and 200 ppb of 1,2-dichloroethane. After 60 hours under reagents, a conversion rate of ethylene of 7% is obtained at 230 ° C. with a selectivity to ethylene oxide of 70%.
On charge 30 ml du catalyseur préparé dans l'exemple n° 2 dans un réacteur de laboratoire fonctionnant sous pression et constitué essentiellement par un tube en acier inoxydable de 355 mm de long et 16 mm de diamètre intérieur, chauffé par un bain de nitrates fondus. Les réactifs admis par le bas du réacteur sont préchauffés sur un remplissage en porcelaine de 42 mm de hauteur. Le dispositif analytique est identique à celui décrit dans l'exemple n° 3.30 ml of the catalyst prepared in Example 2 are loaded into a laboratory reactor operating under pressure and consisting essentially of a stainless steel tube 355 mm long and 16 mm in internal diameter, heated by a bath of molten nitrates . The reagents admitted from the bottom of the reactor are preheated on a 42 mm high porcelain filling. The analytical device is identical to that described in Example 3.
On fait passer sur le catalyseur, à une pression de 20 bars, un courant gazeux contenant 13% d'éthylène, 5% d'oxygène et 82% d'azote, à un débit horaire spécifique de 9000 litres/heure normaux par litre de catalyseur. Avec un taux de transformation de l'éthylène de 8,5% et une sélectivité en oxyde d'éthylène de 71%, on obtient à 221 °C une productivité an oxyde d'éthylène de 139 g par heure et par litre de catalyseur.A gas stream containing 13% ethylene, 5% oxygen and 82% nitrogen is passed over the catalyst, at a pressure of 20 bars, at a specific hourly flow rate of 9000 liters / hour normal per liter of catalyst. With an ethylene conversion rate of 8.5% and a selectivity to ethylene oxide of 71%, an ethylene oxide productivity of 139 g per hour and per liter of catalyst is obtained at 221 ° C.
A titre de comparaison avec les résultats de l'essai n° 6 précédent, on a testé sur le même appareillage et dans des conditions rigoureusement identiques le catalyseur commercialisé qui a déjà fait l'objet de l'essai n° 4. Il n'a pas été possible avec ce catalyseur de travailler dans les mêmes conditions de température. Au-dessus de 200°C on observe un emballement de la réaction se traduisant par une montés rapide de la température à 300°C et une consommation totale de l'oxygène entrant. A la température de 195°C, qui constitue la limite de contrôle thermique de la réaction, on obtient, pour un taux de transformation de l'éthylène de 3,5% et une sélectivité en oxyde d'éthylène de 69%, une productivité en oxyde d'éthylène de 59 g par heure et par litre de catalyseur.By way of comparison with the results of test no. 6 above, the marketed catalyst which has already been the subject of test no. 4 was tested on the same apparatus and under strictly identical conditions. was not possible with this catalyst to work under the same temperature conditions. Above 200 ° C., a reaction runaway is observed, resulting in a rapid rise in temperature to 300 ° C. and a total consumption of the incoming oxygen. At a temperature of 195 ° C., which constitutes the thermal control limit of the reaction, productivity is obtained for an ethylene conversion rate of 3.5% and a selectivity to ethylene oxide of 69%. in ethylene oxide of 59 g per hour and per liter of catalyst.
Suivant le mode opératoire décrit dans l'exemple n° 1 on prépare un catalyseur avec un graphite artificiel d'origine Le Carbone Lorraine, dont les caractéristiques sont rassemblées dans le tableau n° 5.
On charge 30 ml du catalyseur préparé dans l'exemple n° 8, dans le réacteur décrit dans l'exemple n° 3. Après un traitement d'activation identique à celui de l'exemple n° 5 on introduit à la pression atmosphérique un débit gazeux de 14 litres/heure formé d'un mélange de 14% d'éthylène, 4,6% d'oxygène, 81,4% d'azote et 120 ppb de dichloro-1,2 éthane. Après une vingtaine d'heures de marche, on obtient les résultats du tableau n° 6.
Un exemple comparatif a été effectué sur un catalyseur préparé suivant le mode opératoire décrit dans l'exemple 1, avec un graphite artificiel de granulométrie de 4 à 5 mm et de volume total de porosité faible formé uniquement de pores de rayons inférieurs à 6,6 microns. Les caractéristiques du graphite utilisé sont rassemblées dans le tableau n° 7.
Un exemple comparatif a été effectué sur un catalyseur préparé, suivant le mode opératoire décrit dans l'exemple 1, avec un graphite artificiel de granulométrie de 200 à 700 microns et de faible volume de porosité. Les caractéristiques du graphite utilisé sont rassemblées dans le tableau n° 8.
Les performances de ce catalyseur sont nettement inférieures à celles obtenues dans les exemples 3, 5, 6 et 9 avec les catalyseurs selon l'invention.The performance of this catalyst is much lower than that obtained in Examples 3, 5, 6 and 9 with the catalysts according to the invention.
On charge 30 ml du catalyseur préparé dans l'exemple 8, dans le réacteur décrit dans l'exemple 3. On fait passer sur le catalyseur, à la pression atmosphérique, un débit gazeux de 13,5 I/heure, constitué d'un mélange de 50% de propylène, 10% d'oxygène et 40% d'azote. A 260°C on obtient une sélectivité en oxyde de propylène de 25,7% pour une conversion globale du propylène de 1,1%.30 ml of the catalyst prepared in Example 8 are loaded into the reactor described in Example 3. A gas flow rate of 13.5 l / hour, consisting of a mixture of 50% propylene, 10% oxygen and 40% nitrogen. At 260 ° C., a selectivity to propylene oxide of 25.7% is obtained for an overall conversion of propylene of 1.1%.
Un exemple comparatif a été effectué sur un catalyseur de teneur en argent 12,4%, préparé suivant le mode opératoire décrit dans l'exemple 1, avec un graphite artificiel en grains de diamètre 400 à 500 millimicrons, de surface spécifique 10 m2/g et de volume total de porosité 0,085 cm3/g. La surface spécifique de ce catalyseur est de 7 m2/g.A comparative example was carried out on a catalyst with a silver content of 12.4%, prepared according to the procedure described in Example 1, with an artificial graphite in grains of diameter 400 to 500 millimicrons, with a specific surface of 10 m2 / g and total volume of porosity 0.085 cm3 / g. The specific surface of this catalyst is 7 m2 / g.
On fait passer sur le catalyseur à une pression de 20 bars et à une température de 276°C un courant gazeux contenant 5% d'éthylène, 5% d'oxygène et 90% d'azote à un débit horaire spécifique de 9.000 1/h/normaux par litre de catalyseur. Le taux de transformation de l'éthylène est de 4,7% et la sélectivité en oxyde d'éthylène de 36%, ce qui montre qu'une surface spécifique du catalyseur inférieure à 10 m2/g n'est pas une caractéristique suffisante pour qu'un graphite constitue un bon support de l'argent.A gas stream containing 5% ethylene, 5% oxygen and 90% nitrogen is passed over the catalyst at a pressure of 20 bars and at a temperature of 276 ° C. at a specific hourly flow rate of 9,000 1 / h / normal per liter of catalyst. The ethylene conversion rate is 4.7% and the selectivity for ethylene oxide is 36%, which shows that a specific surface area of the catalyst of less than 10 m2 / g is not a sufficient characteristic for that graphite is a good support for silver.
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR7721118 | 1977-07-08 | ||
FR7721118A FR2396588A1 (en) | 1977-07-08 | 1977-07-08 | SILVER BASED CATALYSTS FOR OXIDE PRODUCTION FROM OLEFINS |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0000460A1 EP0000460A1 (en) | 1979-01-24 |
EP0000460B1 true EP0000460B1 (en) | 1981-11-04 |
Family
ID=9193164
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP78400048A Expired EP0000460B1 (en) | 1977-07-08 | 1978-07-03 | Silver-based catalysts and their use in the preparation of oxide of olefins |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0000460B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5418493A (en) |
AT (1) | AT363098B (en) |
CA (1) | CA1110610A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2861279D1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK158774C (en) |
ES (1) | ES471577A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2396588A1 (en) |
IT (1) | IT1107804B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1009437B (en) * | 1988-02-03 | 1990-09-05 | 中国石油化工总公司 | High-efficiency silver catalyst for oxidizing ethylene into epoxy ethane |
WO1995014529A1 (en) * | 1993-11-23 | 1995-06-01 | Institut Kataliza Imeni G.K.Boreskova Sibirskogo Otdelenia Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk | Porous compound substance |
JP4665448B2 (en) * | 2004-07-27 | 2011-04-06 | 戸田工業株式会社 | Dechlorinating agent |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3899445A (en) * | 1972-06-01 | 1975-08-12 | Toray Industries | Catalyst for oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide |
-
1977
- 1977-07-08 FR FR7721118A patent/FR2396588A1/en active Granted
-
1978
- 1978-06-09 IT IT68356/78A patent/IT1107804B/en active
- 1978-07-03 DE DE7878400048T patent/DE2861279D1/en not_active Expired
- 1978-07-03 EP EP78400048A patent/EP0000460B1/en not_active Expired
- 1978-07-07 AT AT0494478A patent/AT363098B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-07-07 DK DK306078A patent/DK158774C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-07-07 CA CA307,018A patent/CA1110610A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-07-07 ES ES471577A patent/ES471577A1/en not_active Expired
- 1978-07-07 JP JP8214978A patent/JPS5418493A/en active Granted
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATA494478A (en) | 1980-12-15 |
DK158774B (en) | 1990-07-16 |
DK306078A (en) | 1979-01-09 |
IT7868356A0 (en) | 1978-06-09 |
FR2396588B1 (en) | 1983-01-28 |
JPS5418493A (en) | 1979-02-10 |
AT363098B (en) | 1981-07-10 |
JPS6136978B2 (en) | 1986-08-21 |
FR2396588A1 (en) | 1979-02-02 |
CA1110610A (en) | 1981-10-13 |
ES471577A1 (en) | 1979-10-01 |
DE2861279D1 (en) | 1982-01-14 |
EP0000460A1 (en) | 1979-01-24 |
IT1107804B (en) | 1985-12-02 |
DK158774C (en) | 1990-12-24 |
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