EP0000438B1 - Process for producing tubular articles - Google Patents

Process for producing tubular articles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0000438B1
EP0000438B1 EP78300126A EP78300126A EP0000438B1 EP 0000438 B1 EP0000438 B1 EP 0000438B1 EP 78300126 A EP78300126 A EP 78300126A EP 78300126 A EP78300126 A EP 78300126A EP 0000438 B1 EP0000438 B1 EP 0000438B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
die
forming tool
necked
necking
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP78300126A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0000438A1 (en
Inventor
Geoffrey Martin Spence
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0000438A1 publication Critical patent/EP0000438A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0000438B1 publication Critical patent/EP0000438B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D51/00—Making hollow objects
    • B21D51/16—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects
    • B21D51/54—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects cartridge cases, e.g. for ammunition, for letter carriers in pneumatic-tube plants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K21/00—Making hollow articles not covered by a single preceding sub-group
    • B21K21/04—Shaping thin-walled hollow articles, e.g. cartridges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K21/00—Making hollow articles not covered by a single preceding sub-group
    • B21K21/12—Shaping end portions of hollow articles
    • B21K21/14—Shaping end portions of hollow articles closed or substantially-closed ends, e.g. cartridge bottoms

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a cold working process for the manufacture from an open-ended hollow metal tube of a hollow tubular article having a shaped head.
  • the invention is particularly concerned with a process for the manufacture of shell and cartridge cases.
  • a known process for the manufacture of shell and cartridge cases consists of stamping a disc from a brass sheet, forming the disc into a tube closed at one end, progressively drawing the tube to the required length, stamping a primer pocket in the base of the tube, and finally drilling a hole through the base of the tube, the drilled hole communicating with the pocket to form a primer vent.
  • Such a process involves several different operations and is therefore time consuming and relatively expensive.
  • the tube is extended to three or four times its original length and it must therefore be annealed during the drawing process.
  • an open-ended hollow metal tube is subjected to a three- stage cold forming process.
  • the tube is necked in a necking die, in the second stage it is drawn to its final length, and in the third stage the head is pressed to the desired shape.
  • different tooling is used for performing each stage so that the tube has to be extracted and transferred from one tool to another between each of the stages.
  • a cold working process for the manufacture from an open-ended hollow metal tube of a hollow tubular article having a shaped head characterised in that the process comprises supporting the tube in a die with one end of the tube projecting beyond the end of a first forming tool inserted into the tube, initially necking the projecting end of the tube in a necking portion of the die, and thereafter, with the necked tube held in the die by the first forming tool, compressing the necked portion of the tube between the first forming tool, and a second forming tool to form the shaped head.
  • the first and second forming tools are so designed that when the necked portion of the tube is compressed between the two tools the head of the shell or cartridge case is formed with a primer pocket and vent.
  • a cold working process for the manufacture from an open-ended hollow metal tube of a tubular metal shell or cartridge case characterised in that the process comprises supporting the tube in a die with one end of the tube projecting beyond the end of a first forming tool inserted into the tube, initially necking the projecting end of the tube in a necking portion of the die and thereafter, with the necked tube held in the die by the first forming tool, compressing the necked portion of the tube between the first forming tool and a second forming tool to form the head of the shell or cartridge case with a primer pocket and vent.
  • a cold working process for the manufacture from an open-ended hollow metal tube of a hollow tubular article having a shaped head characterised in that the process comprises supporting the tube in a die with one end of the tube projecting beyond the end of a first forming tool inserted into the tube, the first forming tool being surrounded by a spring loaded sleeve which engages the end face of the tube, inserting the first forming tool into the die such that the projecting end of the tube is necked in a necking portion of the die, advancing a second forming tool toward the first forming tool, the second forming tool being slidably received in a bore formed in the die beneath the necking portion thereof, the advancing end face of the second forming tool having a substantially circular projecting portion with a diameter substantially equal to the internal diameter of the necked portion of the tube, the said projecting portion being inserted into the mouth of the necked portion of the tube before an annular portion of the said
  • the necked portion of the tube is fully supported both internally and externally during its compression between the two forming tools.
  • the process is performed in a single die, and is a substantially continuous operation with only two working strokes.
  • an annealed brass tube 10 is shown inserted into a three-part die 21.
  • the tube 10 is mounted on a spring loaded first forming tool 12.
  • a sleeve 13 surrounding the first forming tool 12 is provided with an outer collar (not shown) which prevents the wall of the tube 10 deforming as the tube is progressively necked in the die parts 21 a and 21 b.
  • the die part 21 has a second forming tool 15 slidably received therein.
  • the face 16 of the second forming tool 15 includes an annular projection 17 having an outer diameter substantially equal to the internal diameter of the necked portion of the tube 10.
  • a pin 18 is slidably received in the central hole of the projection 17.
  • the next step in the process is shown in Fig. 2.
  • the first forming tool 12 and the second forming tool 15 are moved toward one another with the pin 18 locked in a position protruding above the annular projection 17.
  • the metal of the tube 10 is displaced inwardly through substantially 90°. This is the only space available into which the metal can flow when compressed between the first forming tool 12 and the surface 16 of the second forming tool 15.
  • the pin 18 finally enters the hole 22 in the first forming tool 12 as shown in Fig. 4.
  • the resulting distribution of metal at the bottom of the tube 10 provides a base which includes a recess or pocket having a shape corresponding to the projection 17 and which further includes a hole corresponding to the shape of the pin 18, this hole communicating with the recess and being positioned centrally thereof.
  • the pocket thus forms the conventional primer pocket for receiving a primer charge when the tube 10 has been drawn and filled with a propellant mixture for the cartridge projectile.
  • the tube 10 is drawn to about two or three times its length by means of the swaging die 19 as shown in Figs. 3 and 4. In these figures the angles of the swaging work faces are exaggerated.
  • the shoulder 19 of the die part 21b is omitted, the die 21 is recessed as shown in dashed outline in Fig. 2, and the first forming tool is displaced an extra distance. This additional movement of the first forming tool displaces metal into the recess 23 and thus forms the projecting rim.
  • the required variation in wall thickness for a particular case can, if the case is short, be provided by the final motion of the die. Larger cases may be swaged by reverse motion of the die. The manufacture of a shell case is thus accomplished with a single die in a continuous two-stroke operation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Description

  • This invention relates to a cold working process for the manufacture from an open-ended hollow metal tube of a hollow tubular article having a shaped head. The invention is particularly concerned with a process for the manufacture of shell and cartridge cases.
  • A known process for the manufacture of shell and cartridge cases consists of stamping a disc from a brass sheet, forming the disc into a tube closed at one end, progressively drawing the tube to the required length, stamping a primer pocket in the base of the tube, and finally drilling a hole through the base of the tube, the drilled hole communicating with the pocket to form a primer vent. Such a process involves several different operations and is therefore time consuming and relatively expensive. Moreover, the tube is extended to three or four times its original length and it must therefore be annealed during the drawing process.
  • In another known process, described for example in German Patent 893936, an open-ended hollow metal tube is subjected to a three- stage cold forming process. In the first stage the tube is necked in a necking die, in the second stage it is drawn to its final length, and in the third stage the head is pressed to the desired shape. In this process different tooling is used for performing each stage so that the tube has to be extracted and transferred from one tool to another between each of the stages.
  • Another process for cold working an open-ended hollow metal tube to create a boss at one end of the tube is disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,948,073. This process would not however be suitable for producing a tube having the shaped head necessary for a shell or cartridge case.
  • In accordance with one aspect of the present invention there is provided a cold working process for the manufacture from an open-ended hollow metal tube of a hollow tubular article having a shaped head, characterised in that the process comprises supporting the tube in a die with one end of the tube projecting beyond the end of a first forming tool inserted into the tube, initially necking the projecting end of the tube in a necking portion of the die, and thereafter, with the necked tube held in the die by the first forming tool, compressing the necked portion of the tube between the first forming tool, and a second forming tool to form the shaped head.
  • When such a process is used to form a shell or cartridge case from the open-ended hollow metal tube, the first and second forming tools are so designed that when the necked portion of the tube is compressed between the two tools the head of the shell or cartridge case is formed with a primer pocket and vent.
  • In accordance with a second embodiment of the invention, there is provided a cold working process for the manufacture from an open-ended hollow metal tube of a tubular metal shell or cartridge case, characterised in that the process comprises supporting the tube in a die with one end of the tube projecting beyond the end of a first forming tool inserted into the tube, initially necking the projecting end of the tube in a necking portion of the die and thereafter, with the necked tube held in the die by the first forming tool, compressing the necked portion of the tube between the first forming tool and a second forming tool to form the head of the shell or cartridge case with a primer pocket and vent.
  • In accordance with a third aspect of the invention, there is provded a cold working process for the manufacture from an open-ended hollow metal tube of a hollow tubular article having a shaped head, characterised in that the process comprises supporting the tube in a die with one end of the tube projecting beyond the end of a first forming tool inserted into the tube, the first forming tool being surrounded by a spring loaded sleeve which engages the end face of the tube, inserting the first forming tool into the die such that the projecting end of the tube is necked in a necking portion of the die, advancing a second forming tool toward the first forming tool, the second forming tool being slidably received in a bore formed in the die beneath the necking portion thereof, the advancing end face of the second forming tool having a substantially circular projecting portion with a diameter substantially equal to the internal diameter of the necked portion of the tube, the said projecting portion being inserted into the mouth of the necked portion of the tube before an annular portion of the said end face surrounding the circular projection engages the end face of the necked tube to compress the necked portion of the tube between the two tools and thereby form the shaped head.
  • In such a process the necked portion of the tube is fully supported both internally and externally during its compression between the two forming tools. The process is performed in a single die, and is a substantially continuous operation with only two working strokes.
  • By way of example, only, a process embodying the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
    • Figs. 1-4 represent diagrammatically a sequence of steps in the formation of a cartridge case.
  • Referring first to Fig. 1, an annealed brass tube 10 is shown inserted into a three-part die 21. The tube 10 is mounted on a spring loaded first forming tool 12. A sleeve 13 surrounding the first forming tool 12 is provided with an outer collar (not shown) which prevents the wall of the tube 10 deforming as the tube is progressively necked in the die parts 21 a and 21 b.
  • The die part 21 has a second forming tool 15 slidably received therein. The face 16 of the second forming tool 15 includes an annular projection 17 having an outer diameter substantially equal to the internal diameter of the necked portion of the tube 10. A pin 18 is slidably received in the central hole of the projection 17.
  • Once the tube 10 has been necked as shown in Fig. 1, the next step in the process is shown in Fig. 2. The first forming tool 12 and the second forming tool 15 are moved toward one another with the pin 18 locked in a position protruding above the annular projection 17. As the punch engages the necked portion of the tube 10, the metal of the tube 10 is displaced inwardly through substantially 90°. This is the only space available into which the metal can flow when compressed between the first forming tool 12 and the surface 16 of the second forming tool 15. The pin 18 finally enters the hole 22 in the first forming tool 12 as shown in Fig. 4. The resulting distribution of metal at the bottom of the tube 10 provides a base which includes a recess or pocket having a shape corresponding to the projection 17 and which further includes a hole corresponding to the shape of the pin 18, this hole communicating with the recess and being positioned centrally thereof.
  • The pocket thus forms the conventional primer pocket for receiving a primer charge when the tube 10 has been drawn and filled with a propellant mixture for the cartridge projectile.
  • The tube 10 is drawn to about two or three times its length by means of the swaging die 19 as shown in Figs. 3 and 4. In these figures the angles of the swaging work faces are exaggerated.
  • If it is required to form the head of the cartridge with an external projecting rim or flange (such cartridges being known as "rimmed" cartridges), the shoulder 19 of the die part 21b is omitted, the die 21 is recessed as shown in dashed outline in Fig. 2, and the first forming tool is displaced an extra distance. This additional movement of the first forming tool displaces metal into the recess 23 and thus forms the projecting rim.
  • The required variation in wall thickness for a particular case can, if the case is short, be provided by the final motion of the die. Larger cases may be swaged by reverse motion of the die. The manufacture of a shell case is thus accomplished with a single die in a continuous two-stroke operation.

Claims (11)

1. A cold working process for the manufacture from an open-ended hollow metal tube of a hollow tubular article having a shaped head, Characterised in that the process comprises supporting the tube (10) in a die (21) with one end of the tube (10) projecting beyond the end of a first forming tool (12), inserted into the tube (10), initially necking the projecting end of the tube (10) in a necking portion (21 b) of the die (21), and thereafter, with the necked tube (10) held in the die (21) by the first forming tool (12), compressing the necked portion of the tube (10) between the first forming tool (12) and a second forming tool (15) to form the shaped head.
2. A process according to claim 1 further comprising inserting a portion (17) of the second forming tool (15) into the mouth of the necked tube (10) before compressing the necked portion of the tube (10) between the two tools (12, 15).
3. A process according to claim 2 in which the said portion (17) of the second forming tool (15) is substantially circular and projects from an end face of the tool (15), the diameter of the circular projection being substantially equal to the internal diameter of the necked portion of the tube (10).
4. A process according to claim 3 in which the circular projection (17) is surrounded by an annular portion (16) of the said end face which subsequently engages the end face of the necked tube (10) during the compression of the said necked portion between the two tools (12, 15).
5. A process according to claim 1 in which the die (21) is separable into at least two parts, the necking of the tube (10) being performed in a first (21 b) of the said parts, and in which, after forming the said head, a second part (21c) of the die (21) is moved relative to the first forming tool (12) to draw the tube (10) to its required length.
6. A cold working process according to claim 5 in which the necking of the tube (10) and the shaping of the head are performed in the first (21b) of the die parts by moving the two forming tools (12, 15) toward one another in a first working stroke, and in which the said movement of the second part (21 a) of the die (21) to draw the tube provides a second working stroke whereby the complete article is formed in a single die and in a continuous two-stroke operation.
7. A cold working process according to claim 5 in which the first forming tool (12) is tapered toward the end of the tool supporting the tube (10) such that the said relative movement between the first forming tool (12) and the second part (21 a) of the die (21) swages the tube (10) and produces a progressively decreasing sectional thickness.
8. A cold working process according to claim 1 in which the second forming tool (15) is slidable in a bore formed in the said die (21), the two forming tools (12, 15) being disposed on opposite sides of the necking portion of the die (21
9. A cold working process according to claim 8 in which the bore is recessed beneath the necking portion of the die (21) in such a manner that metal is displaced into the recess during compression of the necked portion of the tube (10) between the two forming tools whereby the head of the article is further provided with a projecting rim or flange.
10. A cold working process for the manufacture from an open-ended hollow metal tube of a tubular metal shell or cartridge case, characterised in that the process comprises supporting the tube (10) in a die (21) with one end of the tube (10) projecting beyond the end of a first forming tool (12) inserted into the tube (10), initially necking the projecting end of the tube in a necking portion (21b) of the die (21) and thereafter, with the necked tube held in the die (21) by the first forming tool (12), compressing the necked portion of the tube (10) between the first forming tool (12) and a second forming tool (15) to form the head of the shell or cartridge case with a primer pocket and vent.
11. A cold working process for the manufacture from an open-ended hollow metal tube (10) of a hollow tubular article having a shaped head characterised in that the process comprises supporting the tube (10) in a die with one end of the tube (10) projecting beyond the end of a first forming tool inserted into the tube 10, first forming tool being surrounded by a spring loaded sleeve (13) which engages the end face of the tube (10), inserting the first forming tool into the die (21) such that the projecting end of the tube (10) is necked in a necking portion (21b) of the die (21), advancing a second forming tool (15) toward the first forming tool (12), the second forming tool (15) being slidably received in a bore formed in the die (21) beneath the necking portion (21 b) thereof, the advancing end face of the second forming tool (15) having a substantially circular projecting portion (17) with a diameter substantially equal to the internal diameter of the necked portion of the tube (10), the said projecting portion (17) being inserted into the mouth of the necked portion of the tube (10) before an annular portion (16) of the said end face surrounding the circular projection (17) engages the end face of the necked tube to compress the necked portion of the tube (10) between the two tools (12, 1 5) and thereby form the shaped head.
EP78300126A 1977-07-07 1978-07-06 Process for producing tubular articles Expired EP0000438B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB2849577 1977-07-07
GB28495/77A GB1602973A (en) 1977-07-07 1977-07-07 Process for producing tubular articles

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0000438A1 EP0000438A1 (en) 1979-01-24
EP0000438B1 true EP0000438B1 (en) 1982-10-20

Family

ID=10276546

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP78300126A Expired EP0000438B1 (en) 1977-07-07 1978-07-06 Process for producing tubular articles

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4198843A (en)
EP (1) EP0000438B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS5440276A (en)
CA (1) CA1086112A (en)
DE (1) DE2862061D1 (en)
GB (1) GB1602973A (en)

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DE3203438A1 (en) * 1982-02-02 1983-08-11 Motomak Motorenbau, Maschinen- u. Werkzeugfabrik, Konstruktionen GmbH, 8070 Ingolstadt METHOD FOR PRODUCING A METAL SLEEVE FROM A CYLINDRICAL PIPE SECTION
IE60104B1 (en) * 1987-05-04 1994-06-01 Barrett James Fintan Process and apparatus for manufacturing pipe fittings
JP2000167637A (en) * 1998-12-08 2000-06-20 Aida Eng Ltd Manufacture of product having bottom part thicker than side wall
CN1309498C (en) * 2005-06-15 2007-04-11 福建工程学院 Bullet shell multi-station continuous shaping punching process
US7131311B1 (en) * 2005-11-10 2006-11-07 Honda Motor Co. Ltd. Method of and apparatus for forming forging blank
RU2446908C2 (en) * 2010-03-17 2012-04-10 Закрытое акционерное общество "Барнаульский патронный завод" Method of producing cartridge cases for small arms
RU2446909C2 (en) * 2010-03-17 2012-04-10 Закрытое акционерное общество "Барнаульский патронный завод" Method of producing cartridge cases for small arms
DE102011077182A1 (en) * 2011-06-08 2012-12-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method for producing a throttle
CN102319813B (en) * 2011-07-20 2013-07-31 沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司 Die manufacturing process for small round corner box type parts
US9016184B2 (en) 2012-09-27 2015-04-28 National Machinery Llc Precision forged cartridge case
US9126258B2 (en) 2013-02-28 2015-09-08 Robert Rottinghaus Unitary connector pin formed by two-stage cold heading die
ES2637647T3 (en) * 2013-04-08 2017-10-16 Hans-Jürgen NEUGEBAUER Method for producing a gun cartridge case, and a multi-station transfer press to carry out the method
US9010227B1 (en) * 2013-09-12 2015-04-21 Oleg Dyuzhev Method for commercial production of small-arms cartridge cases
US9670951B2 (en) 2014-04-08 2017-06-06 A.A.M International S.A.R.L. Variable-wall light-weight axle shaft with an integral flange member and method for making the same
US9630451B2 (en) 2014-06-18 2017-04-25 American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc. Method of manufacturing hollow axle shaft for a vehicle
RU2584195C1 (en) * 2014-10-29 2016-05-20 Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Часовой Завод Ника" Method of making cylindrical components with conical part
US10495430B2 (en) * 2017-03-07 2019-12-03 National Machinery Llc Long cartridge case
RU2677450C1 (en) * 2017-12-15 2019-01-16 Акционерное общество "Научно-производственное предприятие "Алмаз" (АО "НПП "Алмаз") Method of plastic formation of cone holes
WO2023105381A1 (en) * 2021-12-09 2023-06-15 Giorgio Pizzamiglio Method for manufacturing cases of cartridges for smoothbore shotguns and case of cartridge for smoothbore shotguns

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2862061D1 (en) 1982-11-25
GB1602973A (en) 1981-11-18
EP0000438A1 (en) 1979-01-24
US4198843A (en) 1980-04-22
CA1086112A (en) 1980-09-23
JPS5440276A (en) 1979-03-29

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