EA046834B1 - METHOD FOR UNDERGROUND DEVELOPMENT OF THICK AND STEPLY DIVIDING MINERAL DEPOSITS - Google Patents

Description

Field of technology

The invention relates to the field of mining and, in particular, to underground mining of ore deposits.

Prior Art

There is a known method for developing powerful salt deposits using rectangular chambers, which are mined using combines by layer-by-layer mechanical extraction of salt, loading it into reloading hoppers and then into self-propelled cars and delivery to mainline vehicles. Inter-chamber pillars are left between the chambers to ensure their stability. To ensure the cleaning work, there are workings of the ventilation horizon in the upper part of the chamber, and haulage drifts of the transport horizon are located in the lower part of the chamber. In order to deliver combines, bunker-loaders and self-propelled cars to the first, uppermost course, slopes pass from the transport horizon to the ventilation horizon [Starkov L.I., Zemskov A.N., Kondrashev P.I. Development of mechanized mining of potash ores. Perm: Perm Publishing House. state tech. un-ta. 2001. 522 p.].

A common feature of this and the proposed methods is the complete mechanization of work, but this method does not ensure the safety of miners due to the need to be under an uncontrolled roof with an ever-increasing height of the mined space. In addition, the disadvantages of this method are: the cyclical nature of work associated with interruptions in the production excavation when transporting salt by self-propelled cars; significant loss of time for driving away all equipment after the completion of the next move.

There is a known method for developing thick ore deposits using the underground method with fastening inter-chamber pillars (Patent RU2405109, published on November 27, 2010, IPC: E21C 41/22). The method includes driving preparatory and cutting workings, drilling sublevels, loading and blasting wells and releasing broken ore from the chamber through workings of the ore receiving bottom. After drilling the threaded sublevel workings from them, in parallel with the drilling of blast holes within the boundaries of the sublevel chambers, fans of holes are drilled in the inter-chamber and inter-panel pillars, followed by the installation of cable rods and the filling of the wells with a hardening mixture under pressure. The disadvantages of this method are the large volume of drilling work, the difficulty of ensuring that wells do not drill within acceptable limits, and the use of expensive hardening mixtures.

There is a known method for developing ore bodies (Patent RU 2398109, published on August 27, 2010, IPC: E21C 41/22), adopted as a prototype. The method includes driving field level drifts through bedrock rocks, driving sublevel drifts, forming a ceiling and breaking the ore into an open space, under the protection of the ceiling, releasing the broken ore and subsequent breaking the ceiling with the release of the rock mass. The disadvantages of this method are the need to drill additional drilling holes and the difficulty of ensuring a stable ceiling when the composition of the host rocks varies.

Disclosure of the invention

The purpose of the invention is to provide a highly efficient flow technology for ore mining when mining thick, steeply dipping seams without the constant presence of miners in the operating areas of mining machines through the use of gravitational (due to its own weight) delivery of ore from the upper subfloors to vehicles, maximum interconnection of technological processes with minimal energy consumption.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the proposed method, the mining of ore in the deposit is carried out by chambers, the height of which is equal to the height of the floor, and the main part of the ore is mined from top to bottom with gravitational delivery, and the mining technology includes two stages: in the first stage, from the lower transport drift using Drilling machines, according to a given passport, drill pilot wells up to the entire height of the floor with their exit to the upper subfloor drift; at the second stage, these wells are drilled from top to bottom to the diameter of the production wells using special mechanized complexes, including drilling machines, rope-cable winches with control panels, suspended blocks, ropes, etc. At the same time, the delivery of drilling machines to the face and transportation of broken ore through the pilot hole is carried out under its own weight, thereby significantly reducing energy costs for performing these operations. After complete drilling of the production well, the Gesenko-boring machine is hoisted to the upper drift with the help of a winch and is set up to drill the next adjacent advanced well. Depending on the physical and mechanical properties of the rocks being mined, the scheme for mining a massif in a chamber may include either its partial mining with parallel, non-contiguous production wells, or continuous mining, in which the outer surfaces of adjacent production wells will intersect.

The use of the invention provides a highly efficient flow technology for ore mining with reduced energy consumption, as well as the exclusion of miners from being in the operating area of the executive bodies of the machines.

Brief description of drawings

The invention is illustrated by the following drawings: FIG. 1 - fragment of a vertical section along the cleaning chamber; fig. 2 - horizontal section of the chamber; fig. 3 - view along the front of line A (in Fig. 1).

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Claims (1)

The figures indicate the digital names of positions showing the elements: 1 - ore massif; 2 - transport and drilling drift; 3 - subfloor (ventilation) drift; 4 - rear sight(s); 5 - scraper conveyor; 6 - mobile loader (trays); 7 - drilling rig (self-propelled drilling rig); 8 - Gesenko-boring machine; 9 - rope-cable winch; 10 - suspended block; 11 - gesenka overlap; 12 - pilot well; 13 - treatment well (gesenk). The method is carried out as follows. The mass of mined ore 1 in the chamber is outlined from below by a transport-drilling roadway 2, from above by a sublevel roadway 3, and from the sides by pillars 4. The width of roadways 2 and 3 is equal to the width of the chamber. The length of the chamber is determined by the distance between the transport 2 and ventilation (sublevel) 3 drifts, minus the length of the necks to them, and the end surfaces of the chamber are formed in the mass after the ore is excavated in the chamber. A scraper conveyor 5, intermediate loaders 6 or trays, and a drilling rig 7 are mounted on the transport-drilling roadway 2. On the sub-level drift 3 there are one or more gesenko-boring machines 8 with rope-cable winches 9, suspended blocks 10, gesenkov slabs 11, etc. The camera is tested in the following order. Initially, pilot wells 12 with a diameter of 500 mm are drilled from the transport-drilling roadway 2 using a self-propelled drilling rig 7 according to a given drilling passport to the entire height of the sublevel with their exit to the upper sublevel roadway 3. The drill fines formed during the drilling process are discharged through the wellhead 12 directly or with the help of special (spill) chutes or mobile loaders 6 onto the conveyor 5. Drilling of pilot wells 12 is carried out ahead of time and independently of the work on the roadway 3. Mining of the main mass of ore 1 in the chamber is carried out from the sublevel drift 3 using Gesenko-boring complexes. The complex consists of a gesenko-boring machine 8, a cable winch 9 with a control panel, suspended blocks 10. Before starting the complex, the gesenko-boring machine 8, using a winch 9 with ropes and hanging blocks 10, is inserted into one of the pilot wells 12 and after drilling begins drill it, forming a production well 13 (gesenk), the diameter of which is determined by the outer diameter of the executive body (2.0-3.0 m). The feed of the Gesenko-boring machine 8 to the face is carried out under its own weight, and the feed speed is adjusted from the control panel of the winch 9. The broken ore during the operation of the machine 8 under its own weight goes through the pilot hole 12 to the transport road 2 and is loaded onto vehicles (on the conveyor 5 or in trolleys). Upon completion of drilling of the production well 13, machine 8, using a winch 9, is delivered to the drift 3 at shunting speed and is configured to drill the next production well. Depending on the physical and mechanical properties of the rocks being mined, excavation from the chamber is carried out either completely for rocks with a strength of 0.3-0.5 MPa (pos. a in Fig. 1, 2, 3), or partially for rocks with a strength of 0.5 -0.8 MPa (position b in Fig. 1, 2, 3), which should be taken into account when developing passports for drilling pilot wells. To ensure increased production productivity in the chamber at drift 3, several Gesenko-boring complexes can be used simultaneously. Thus, the proposed method for mining thick and steeply dipping seams of salts or ore ensures mechanized extraction of salts or ore with minimal energy consumption for transporting broken rock, due to its own weight, as well as increased safety of workers, because during operation they are not located directly in the operating area of the working parts of the machines. The proposed method is included in the project for the development of steeply dipping seams of the Zhilyanskoye and Satimola potassium and polyhalite rock deposits in Kazakhstan, the implementation of which is planned in the coming years. CLAIM 1. A method of underground mining of powerful and steeply dipping mineral deposits in which the mass of mined ore 1 in the chamber is contoured from below by a transport-drilling roadway 2, from above by a sublevel roadway 3, and from the sides by pillars 4; after which, from the transport-drilling roadway 2 using at least one drilling rig 7, pilot wells 12 are drilled from bottom to top to the entire height of the floor with their exit to the upper sub-level roadway 3; then the pilot wells 12 are drilled from top to bottom to the diameter of the production wells 13 using Hesenko-boring complexes, making it possible to transport the broken ore through the pilot well 12 to the transport-drilling drift 2 under its own weight; at the same time, vehicles are mounted on the transport-drilling roadway 2, onto which broken rock is loaded; the diameter of the pilot wells is 500 mm; -