EA038930B1 - Friction shock absorber - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of transport engineering and concerns friction shock absorbers for vehicles, particularly absorbing devices located between railway train cars. The aims consists in increased reliability of a frictional shock absorber. A friction shock absorber comprises a body (1) formed in the direction of the longitudinal axis (O1) by walls (2) and a bottom (3). A pressure wedge (4) and spacer wedges (5, 5') in contact with each other along the surfaces (n1, n2) inclined to the longitudinal axis (O1) are located in the body (1), wherein a return and retaining apparatus (6) is located between said wedges and the bottom (3). The spacer wedges (5, 5') are located with the friction surfaces (f) thereof in contact with guiding elements (N) of the frictional shock absorber. Provided is the possibility of settling the spacer wedges (5) and the pressure wedge (4) inside the body (1). Near the geometric center (C) of the spacer wedges (5), the inclined surfaces (n2) thereof are made with protrusions (7) towards the pressure wedge (4) the inclined surfaces (n1) of the pressure wedge (4) in contact with the inclined surfaces (n2) of the spacer wedges (5) are made with concavities (8).Other features of the invention and connections therebetween are also described.

Description

The invention relates to the field of transport engineering and relates to friction shock absorbers of vehicles, mainly draft gears, installed between the cars of the train.

Known friction shock absorber [1, patent RU 2225306, conventional priority 13.02.2001 US 09/782114, published 10.03.2004, Bul. No. 7], taken as a prototype and containing a body, which accommodates a force-receiving wedge, friction elements, a spring stop adjacent to the friction elements, and a package of elastomeric cushions installed between the bottom of the housing and the stop. Friction elements are made in the form of a set of friction shoes placed around the circumference, each of which has an inclined inner surface in contact with the inclined inner surface of the wedge, and the inclined inner surface of the friction shoe and the inner surface of the wedge are located relative to the main axis of the body at an angle of about 35 ± 3 °.

This arrangement of the friction assembly, taking into account the small angle of inclination of the inner surface of the friction shoe and the inner surface of the wedge relative to the main axis of the body, allows for a high thrust force, and, consequently, high energy consumption due to the work of friction forces.

However, friction shoes of this configuration often break off the bead closest to the wedge. This is caused, firstly, by the small value of the angle of inclination of the inner surface of the friction shoe relative to the main axis of the body, and, secondly, by the uneven perception of the load by each of the shoes, which is caused by total manufacturing errors, displaced relative to the main axis of the body by shocks, as well as the mobility of the wedge relative to the shoes in the direction perpendicular to the main axis, as a result of which at least one of the shoes may experience overload and displacement inside the body. This leads to unstable operation of the friction shock absorber, and such consequences can be observed in shock absorbers with any number of friction shoes.

The above-described disadvantages of the friction shock absorber according to the prototype [1] reduce the stability and reliability of its operation, and also limit its applicability for high-energy devices.

Therefore, the object of the invention is to achieve a technical result aimed at improving the reliability of the friction shock absorber.

The problem is solved by the fact that the friction shock absorber contains a body (1) formed in the direction of the longitudinal axis (O1) by the walls (2), as well as by the bottom (3), while in the body (1) there are contacting with each other along inclined surfaces (n1 , n2) to the longitudinal axis (O1) the pushing wedge (4) and the spacer wedges (5), between which and the bottom (3) there is a return support device (6), and the spacer wedges (5) are located with their friction surfaces (f) in contact with guiding elements (N) of a friction shock absorber, and it is possible to immerse the spacer wedges (5) and the pushing wedge (4) inside the body (1) under the action of an external force (F) on the pushing wedge (4), has a distinctive feature: near the geometric center (C) of the spacer wedges (5) their inclined surfaces (n2) are made with bulges (7) towards the pressure wedge (4), the inclined surfaces (n1) of which, in contact with the inclined surfaces (n2) of the spacer wedges (5), are made with vogue chicks (8).

Such a distinctive feature makes it possible to increase the strength of the spacer wedges and, accordingly, the reliability of the friction shock absorber by strengthening the spacer wedges near their geometric center from the side of their contact with the pressure wedge, and also to exclude the mobility and displacement of the pressure wedge relative to the spacer wedges in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.

Additional distinctive features of the invention:

spacer wedges (5) are located so that when the push wedge (4) is immersed in the housing (1), the following geometric ratio of the elements of the friction shock absorber: the contact area of the spacer wedges (5) to the guide elements (N) is less than half of the total area of their friction surfaces (f );

the bulges (7) on the inclined surfaces (n2) of the spacer wedges (5) are formed by the protrusions (7 '), and the concavities (8) on the inclined surfaces (n1) of the pushing wedge (4) are formed by the samples (8');

the inclined surfaces (n2) of the spacer wedges (5) in contact with the pushing wedge (4) are made with their beginning from the ends (T) closest to the pushing wedge (4);

the guiding elements (N) are made in the form of walls (2) of the body (1);

the guide elements (N) are made in the form of inserts (9, 9 ') located between the spacer wedges (5) and the walls (2) of the body (1);

the walls (2) of the housing (1) on the side of the pressing wedge (4) form a hexagonal contour;

the walls (2) of the body (1) on the side of the pressing wedge (4) form a tetrahedral contour;

the pressure wedge (4) is located in the body (1) with a partial position (x) above it at least 80 mm.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by illustrations, where in FIG. 1 shows a front view of a friction damper according to the invention in a housing whose walls form a hexagonal contour; in fig.

- 1 038930 shows a front view of a friction shock absorber according to the invention in a housing, the walls of which form a tetrahedral contour; in fig. 3, 4 show the friction damper according to the invention in the initial and fully compressed positions, respectively, in section A-A in FIG. 1, the walls of which form a hexagonal contour; in fig. 5, 6 show the friction damper according to the invention in the initial and fully compressed positions, respectively, in section B-B of FIG. 2, the walls of which form a tetrahedral contour; in fig. 7-9 show the spacer wedges of the friction shock absorber according to the invention in various versions; in fig. 10 shows a thrust wedge of a friction damper according to the invention.

The friction shock absorber in its various designs (Figs. 1-6) contains a housing 1 formed in the direction of the longitudinal axis O1 by the walls 2, as well as by the bottom 3. In the housing 1 there are a pressing wedge that is in contact with each other along the inclined surfaces n1, n2 to the longitudinal axis O1 4 and spacer wedges 5, between which and the bottom 3 there is a back-and-forth device 6 (in Fig. 3-6, it is conventionally shown as crossing straight lines). The spacer wedges 5 contact their friction surfaces f with the guide elements N, which can be made in the form of walls 2 of the housing 1 (Fig. 1, 3, 4), or in the form of inserts 9, 9 'placed between the spacer wedges 5 and the walls 2 building 1 (Figs. 2, 5, 6). The pressure wedge 4 is located in the housing 1 with a partial location above it by the value x, which is the working stroke of the friction shock absorber. Under the action of an external force F, the pushing wedge 4 and the spacer wedges 5 are able to sink into the housing 1 (Fig. 4, 6).

The inclined surfaces n1 of the pushing wedge 4 and the inclined surfaces n2 of the spacer wedges 5 in contact with them, in contrast to the prototype [1], are non-flat, so that on the spacer wedges 5, closer to their geometric center C (Fig. 7), bulges 7 are formed, and on the pressure wedge 4 concavity 8. Such a distinctive feature is key and is intended to achieve the following results:

the bulges 7 on the inclined surfaces n2 of the spacer wedges 5 make it possible to increase their strength and prevent them from breaking off from the side of the ends T closest to the pressure wedge 4;

ensure that the mutual displacement of the pressure wedge 4 and the spacer wedges 5 in the direction transverse to the longitudinal axis O1 is prevented, which is observed when a friction shock absorber with a horizontally oriented longitudinal axis O1 operates and leads to an uneven perception of the external force F.

Convexities 7 on the spacer wedges 5 and concavities 8 on the pressure wedge 4 can be formed by curved surfaces (Fig. 7) with tops at their geometric centers C or by means of protrusions 7 'on the spacer wedges 5 (Fig. 9) and depressions 8' on pressing wedge 4 (Fig. 10), while the inclined surfaces n1, n2 themselves can be both flat (Fig. 9) and curvilinear (Fig. 7, 10).

It is useful to perform inclined surfaces n2 of the spacer wedges 5 starting from the ends T closest to the pressing wedge 4 (Figs. 3, 4, 7). This also eliminates the disadvantage mentioned in the prototype [1], which consists in breaking off the bead closest to the wedge.

It should be noted that the effectiveness of the above-mentioned distinctive features of the friction shock absorber according to the invention is most fully realized in high-energy devices, which are characterized by a significant working stroke, the value of which is not less than 80 mm, while the implementation scheme of such a device does not matter. This can be, for example, a friction shock absorber, the walls 2 of the housing 1 of which from the side of the pressing wedge 4 form a traditional hexagonal or tetrahedral contour or another, with at least two spacer wedges 5 installed in it.

Another way to eliminate the mentioned disadvantages inherent in the prototype [1], in order to increase the stability of the friction shock absorber is to limit the contact area of the spacer wedges 5 with the guide elements N at the end of the working stroke, equal to the value x of the partial location of the pushing wedge 4 above the body 1. This is achieved by that when the pressing wedge 4 is immersed in the housing 1, the area of contact of the spacer wedges 5 to the guide elements N is less than half of the total area of the friction surfaces f of the spacer wedges 5 (Figs. 4, 6). Moreover, it is possible to provide such an advantage in several ways. In the first case, on the guide elements N, undershoots can be made from the side of the bottom 3, when overlapping, the spacer wedges 5 hang over a distance b greater than the length a of the spacer wedges 5 remaining in contact with the guide elements N, which implies the same area ratio. In the second case, the distance b can be less than the length a, but the fulfillment of the condition under which the area of contact of the spacer wedges 5 to the guide elements N should be less than half of the total area of the friction surfaces f of the spacer wedges 5 is observed by making grooves on these friction surfaces f V (Fig. 8), further reducing the contact area with the guiding elements N. Such a ratio of the areas makes it possible to increase the stability of the friction shock absorber by compensating for the errors in the shape of the spacer wedges 5 and guiding elements N, the negative effect of which on such a small area of mutual contact on stability friction shock absorber is negligible.

- 2 038930

Thus, the introduction of the above-mentioned distinctive features makes it possible to significantly increase the strength of the friction shock absorber parts, to ensure their stable and stable mutual arrangement, which increases the reliability of the friction shock absorber as a whole.

Sources of information.

1. Patent RU 2225306, conventional priority 13.02.2001 US 09/782114, published 10.03.2004, Bul. No. 7 [prototype].

List of reference designations and names of elements to which these designations refer

No. NAME one frame 2 housing wall 1 3 the bottom of the case 1 4 pressure wedge 5 spacer wedge 6 back-and-forth device 7 bulges 7 ' protrusions eight concavities eight' sampling 9, 9 ' inserts a the length of contact of the spacer wedges 5 with the guiding elements N b dangling distance of spacer wedges 5 X the value of the partial location of the pressure wedge 4 above the body 1 n1 inclined surfaces of the pressure wedge 4 n2 inclined surfaces of spacer wedges 5 WITH geometric center f friction surfaces of the spacer wedges T the ends of the spacer wedges 5 F external force N guiding elements V grooves 01 longitudinal axis

CLAIM

Claims (7)

CLAIM 1. Friction shock absorber containing a housing (1) formed in the direction of the longitudinal axis (O1) by the walls (2), as well as the bottom (3), while in the housing (1) are located in contact with each other along inclined surfaces (n1, n2) to the longitudinal axis (O1) a pushing wedge (4) and spacer wedges (5), between which and the bottom (3) there is a reciprocating-retaining device (6), and the spacer wedges (5) are located with their friction surfaces (f) in contact with guiding elements (N) of the friction shock absorber, and the shock absorber is designed in such a way that it is possible to immerse the spacer wedges (5) and the pressing wedge (4) inside the body (1) under the action of the external force (F) on the pressing wedge (4), characterized in that that near the geometric center (C) of the spacer wedges (5), their inclined surfaces (n2) are made with bulges (7) towards the pressure wedge (4), the inclined surfaces (n1) of which are in contact with the inclined surfaces (n2) of the spacer wedges ( 5), performed with concavities (8). 2. The shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the spacer wedges (5) are arranged so that, when the pressure wedge (4) is immersed in the housing (1), the following geometric ratio of the friction shock absorber elements: the contact area of the spacer wedges (5) to guide elements (N) less than half of the total area of their friction surfaces (f). 3. The shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the bulges (7) on the inclined surfaces (n2) of the spacer wedges (5) are formed by the protrusions (7 '), and the concavities (8) on the inclined surfaces (n1) of the pressure wedge (4) formed by samples (8 '). 4. The shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the inclined surfaces (n2) of the spacer wedges (5) in contact with the pressing wedge (4) are made with their origin from the ends (T) closest to the pressing wedge (4). 5. A shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the guiding elements (N) are made in the form of walls (2) of the housing (1). 6. A shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide elements (N) are made in the form of inserts (9, 9 ') located between the spacer wedges (5) and the walls (2) of the body (1). 7. A shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the walls (2) of the housing (1) on the side of the pressing wedge (4) form a hexagonal contour.