EA034941B1 - Method for controlling a heat supply for heating buildings, and control systems on the basis thereof (variants) - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to heat supply, in particular to building heating process control and to the heating circuits of heat supply stations which ensure this control [F24D 10/00]. The technical result of the invention is: lower thermal and hydraulic (mechanical) energy consumption for heating and better heating quality, i.e. accuracy of maintaining constant indoor air temperature. The technical result is achieved by the heat supply control system for heating of buildings, wherein the main control valve is used to change the external heating medium flow rate to the mixing point or to the heater by adjusting mostly the temperature of the heating medium delivered to the heating system, and the heating medium flow rate to the heating system is controlled by changing the head-capacity curve of the mixing or circulating pump using a controller or by changing the flow resistance of the building heating circuit by means of an additional control valve(s), and wherein the temperature and flow rate of the heating medium supplied to the heating system are controlled in coordination in accordance with the heating control equation, including, in particular, provision of the minimum flow rate and minimum hydraulic loss in the heating system taking account of outdoor and indoor air temperatures and many other influencing factors, including dynamically changing values: design operating conditions parameters, environment parameters, external heat supply and heating system characteristics, heat insulation of the building, internal heat release and heating station equipment.

Description

The invention relates to heat supply, namely, to regulate the heating process of buildings and to the schemes of heating units of heating units providing this regulation [F24D 10/00].

Heating is a technological process of heat supply to a building, which must, by receiving heat energy from the heat carrier, ensure that the constant air temperature in the heated rooms is not lower than the standard (calculated internal) temperature determined by the Rules for the provision of public services to citizens [1], and also joint venture heating, ventilation and air conditioning [2].

Connection of a building’s heating system to an external network or to a source of thermal energy may be dependent - with the heat carrier entering the heating system, and also independent - with the heat carrier coming from outside (from the source or network) to the heating heater [3], in which the heating system heat carrier is heated . The dependent connection, in turn, can be direct (with the supply of an external coolant directly to the heating devices) or with an elevator or pump mixing unit (with a mixing pump on the jumper or with a circulation pump on the heating system pipeline) [3].

A device for controlling the flow of heat for heating in heating systems (patent RU2485407, IPC F24D 3/00, 2011), containing the supply and return pipelines, a jumper between them with a mixing pump, a heat flow controller for heating with water temperature sensors for heating and ambient temperature and a control valve with an actuator on the supply pipe, moreover, both the control valve and the mixing pump have actuators with speed controllers in the form of powder electromagnetic couplings, electrically connected, respectively, with the recorders of the outdoor temperature and the water temperature for heating, included in regulator of heat consumption for heating. This device allows to reduce energy consumption for the mixing pump drive by eliminating the control valve on the jumper, as well as to increase reliability.

The difference between this device and the proposed one is the lack of taking into account the many variables that affect heating, as well as the use of a standard temperature schedule for heating control, in which the temperature of the indoor air in the building’s rooms is higher than the standard (calculated) temperature when the outdoor temperature is higher than the calculated heating temperature. This difference causes excessive consumption of thermal energy for heating and reduces the quality of heating, i.e. accuracy of maintaining internal temperature.

A well-known automated heating center of a heating system (patent RU2300709, IPC F24D 3/08, F24D 19/10, 2005) containing a supply pipe of a heating network with a flow regulator installed on it; supply and return pipelines of the heating system; a mixing pump on a jumper between them, which is connected through a frequency converter; a heating controller, the inputs of which are connected to sensors for supply and return water temperatures of the heating system, outdoor and indoor air temperatures, and the outputs are connected to the input of the drive of the flow controller and the input of the frequency converter. This heat point allows you to save energy on the mixing pump drive and increase the service life and reliability due to the exclusion of a three-way control valve.

In contrast to the proposed solution, this solution has an internal air temperature sensor in a certain (model) room of the building, which requires that the heat balance of this room corresponds to the heat balance of the building for any heating mode, i.e. the ratio of the heat fluxes coming into the room (from the room heating system, internal heat generation and solar insolation) and the outgoing fluxes (heat transfer losses and heat consumption for infiltration) should correspond to the ratio of these fluxes (heat balance) for the building. In this case, the room temperature will correspond to the average temperature in the building. This condition is difficult to achieve and indoor temperature sensors are rarely used. In addition, the solution does not take into account the many affecting heating and dynamically changing values.

In a known solution selected as a prototype (patent RU2473014, IPC F24D 3/00, 2011), a method for regulating heat supply in a single pipe heating system (heating), in which the heating system has heating devices with thermostatic valves and with closing sections ( bypasses), and the regulation of heat release is carried out by changing the temperature of the coolant supplied to the heating system depending on external parameters (outdoor temperature, etc.), as well as by changing the flow rate through separate risers and, accordingly, through the heating system due to the work installed on the outgoing sections of the risers of the flow controllers, depending on the internal temperature setting of these controllers or the setpoint of a given (constant) flow through them, and, as an option, control them according to the signals of an external electronic controller (device). This solution allows you to effectively manage the heat consumption of the building, eliminating excessive overestimation of the temperature of the coolant after the risers and excessive heat supply for heating.

However, in contrast to the proposed solution, the prototype has high complexity (many thermostatic valves on radiators and flow regulators on risers), significant

- 1 034941 cost and reduced reliability due to complexity. In addition, in this method of regulating heat supply, the prototype does not have a decision to take into account the many variables that affect the heating process and to reduce hydraulic losses in the heating system due to the maximum possible reduction in flow through the heating system, ensuring the maximum temperature of the supplied coolant or minimum flow rate, t .e. regulation of heat supply according to the extended heating temperature schedule and consumption schedule.

The objective and technical result of the invention is to reduce the cost of thermal and hydraulic (mechanical) energy for heating and to improve the quality of the heating process, i.e. accuracy of maintaining a constant temperature of internal air.

The specified task and technical result is achieved by a coordinated change in temperature and flow rate of the coolant supplied to the heating system in accordance with the heating control equation, including, as a special case, with a minimum flow rate and minimum hydraulic losses in the heating system, taking into account both the outdoor and of internal air, as well as many other influential, including dynamically changing values: parameters of the calculated mode of operation of the system, parameters of the external environment, external heat supply and characteristics of the heating system, thermal protection of the building, internal heat generation and equipment of the heat point.

This is expressed by the fact that the claimed method of regulating the heating of a building, characterized by the flow of coolant into the heating system and its regulation by an automated control unit by opening and closing the control valve (s) and / or by changing the pressure characteristics of the installed pump (s) by the operation of its regulator (s) and / or by changing the number of working pumps in the preparation unit of the coolant, characterized in that by means of an automated heating control unit, the temperature of the supplied and / or return coolant and / or its flow rate are controlled by the heating control equation expressed by the formula:

X ¹⁺ V4oV „a (t, - t„) (l + μ) - (Q „+ Q„ „ _c ), qXafc - t,) (l + μ) - (Q _TB + Q _mc )

2G _C0 c _T where: T _co i ( ₂ ) = T _co3 ( ₂ ) - heat carrier temperature determined by sensors, the ± symbol in the formula should be used as + for the supplied heat carrier and - for the return heat carrier; G _co is the flow rate determined by the sensor or otherwise; * n - the set average temperature of the internal air in the building supported by the regulation and the current outdoor temperature, respectively; as well as the values set or determined during the design or during the energy audit of the building and its heating system: ® ^ t, C _T > Qo.T - parameters of the calculated (design) mode of operation of the heating system: coolant cooling, temperature head, heat capacity and theoretical heating heat load, respectively; as well as n, p, k _co , f _co - characteristics of heating devices and the heating system: indicators of the degree of non-linearity of heat transfer from temperature head and flow, coefficients of relative heat transfer and relative area of the system, respectively; q _o , V _H , a - building characteristics: specific heating characteristic, depending on its thermal protection, building volume, correction factor, respectively; and, in addition, the values characterizing the heating mode determined or calculated on the basis of sensor signals and / or manual and / or program instructions or in another way: ^c t is the current average heat capacity of the heat carrier; Q _TB is the power of internal heat; μ, Q _ins - environmental parameters: the coefficient of infiltration and thermal power of solar insolation, and the coefficient of infiltration depends on the area of leaks in the building, wind speed, barometric pressure, outdoor temperature and other parameters.

It is permissible that, using the heating control unit, the temperature and flow rate of the supplied coolant are controlled according to the temperature and flow rate schedules, maintaining the maximum possible and / or permissible temperature or, if this is not possible, the minimum possible and / or allowable flow, based on the condition:

_{J1 =} p (C ^ (1 _m), 1 _{H, 1,} ...) = τ ™? * ^Tc ° l I _t fcmin tf λ < _T max 'h ChoXu' - 'with ^L col .max where''col is the maximum allowable temperature (according to standards or other conditions) or the maximum temperature possible under the condition of external heat supply that does not exceed the maximum allowable GOIIT with .

wash; ^and co - the flow rate of the coolant into the heating system according to the equation of regulation of heating at a flow _T max. Fmin of the coolant with the maximum temperature ''col> ^u co - determined from design calculations or

energy audit of the building and its heating system or in any other way the minimum possible and / or permissible heat carrier flow through it under the condition of thermal and hydraulic stability of the heating system; other quantities are similar to those previously considered.

It is permissible that by means of a control valve (s) and / or booster pump (s) with or without regulator (s) and / or a change in the number of switched-on pumps, the flow rate of the coolant flowing from the outside to the heating system is changed and regulated.

It is permissible that with the help of the main control valve (s) or a three-way control valve, the flow rate of the incoming coolant flow to the mixing point is changed, mainly controlling the temperature of the coolant supplied to the heating system, and the control, mainly, of the flow of coolant to the heating system is carried out by changing the pressure characteristic of the mixing or circulating pump (s) when applying the regulator (s) and / or by changing the number of pumps turned on, and / or by changing the hydraulic resistance of the heating circuit of the building with an additional control valve (s).

It is permissible that, with the help of the main control valve (s), the flow rate of the incoming coolant flow to the heating heater is changed by adjusting the temperature of the coolant supplied to the heating system, and the regulation, mainly, of the flow of coolant to the heating system is carried out by changing the pressure characteristic of the circulation pump (s) when applying the regulator (s) and / or changing the number of pumps turned on, and / or changing the hydraulic resistance of the building heating circuit with an additional control valve (s).

Based on the method, several variations of the control systems described below may function.

The first option is a system for regulating the heat supply for heating according to the claimed method, comprising heating devices connected to the pipelines of the heating system, in which: there is a coolant; a heat release control system with an automated control unit, characterized in that in the unit for preparing the heat carrier for heating on the supply and / or return heating pipelines there is a control valve (s) and / or booster pump (s) with or without regulator (s), as well as sensors for the parameters of the coolant.

The second option is a system for controlling the heat supply for heating according to the claimed method, comprising heating devices connected to pipelines of the heating system in which the coolant is located; a heat release control system with an automated control unit, characterized in that the heat carrier preparation unit for heating has a mixing line between the supply and return heating pipelines with a valve configured to prevent return of the heat carrier, and on the supply pipe to the mixing point with the flow from the mixing pipeline the main control valve (s) is located or a three-way control valve is installed at the mixing point, and on the mixing line there is a mixing pump (s) with or without controller (s), and / or located on the supply and / or return pipes of the heating system ) circulation pump (s) with or without regulator (s), and / or an additional control valve (s) is installed, and sensors for the parameters of the coolant are installed.

The third option is a system for regulating the heat supply for heating according to the claimed method, comprising heating devices connected to the pipelines of the heating system in which the coolant is located; a heat release control system with an automated control unit, characterized in that the heat carrier preparation unit for heating has a heating heater for heating the heat carrier, and the main control valve (s) is located on the external coolant pipe connected to the heating heater, and on the supply or return pipe the heating system, there is a circulation pump (s) with or without controller (s), and / or an additional control valve (s) is installed, and heat carrier parameters sensors are installed.

Description of drawings

In FIG. 1 shows an example of a functional relationship for one heating mode of a conventional building.

In FIG. Figure 2 shows an example for a domestic heating temperature graph, a graph of heating heat load and indoor air temperature, which shows an increase in the temperature of the indoor air due to an increase in the proportion of internal heat generation in the heat balance of the heating with an increase in the outdoor temperature.

In FIG. Figure 3 shows an example of an optimal - extended temperature graph of deep cooling and a corresponding flow graph that provide the minimum cost of thermal and hydraulic (mechanical) energy for heating.

In FIG. Figure 4 shows a method for regulating the heat supply from a heat point to a building heating system using the heating control equation if it is not possible to lower the temperature of the heat carrier in the heat point and control by changing the flow rate of the heat carrier.

- 3 034941

In FIG. Figure 5 shows a method for regulating the heat supply from a heating unit to a building’s heating system using the heating control equation, including an expanded heating temperature schedule, if it is possible to reduce the temperature of the heating medium at the heating station by using a mixing circuit or a heating heater and controlling due to changes in temperature and coolant flow.

In FIG. 6 shows a diagram of a heating unit without decreasing the temperature of the coolant supplied to the heating system of the building and controlling the flow through the heating system in accordance with the control equation.

In FIG. 7 shows a diagram of a heating unit with the possibility of lowering the temperature of the coolant supplied to the heating system due to the operation of the mixing unit with the location of the mixing pump (s) on the pipeline to the mixing point and regulating the heat supply according to the heating control equation and / or according to the extended heating temperature schedule and schedule expense.

In FIG. Figure 8 shows a diagram of a heating unit assembly with the possibility of lowering the temperature of the coolant supplied to the heating system due to the operation of the mixing unit with the location of the circulation pump (s) on the heating supply pipe and controlling heat supply according to the heating control equation and / or according to the extended heating temperature schedule and schedule expense.

In FIG. Figure 9 shows a diagram of a heating unit assembly with the possibility of lowering the temperature of the heat carrier supplied to the heating system due to the operation of the mixing unit with the location of the circulation pump (s) on the return heating pipe and controlling the heat supply according to the heating control equation and / or according to the extended heating temperature schedule and schedule expense.

In FIG. 10 shows a diagram of a unit of a heating unit with the possibility of lowering the temperature supplied to the heating system of the heat carrier building when the system is independently connected via a heating heater and controlling heat supply according to the heating control equation and / or according to the expanded heating temperature schedule and flow rate schedule.

The implementation of the invention

The claimed invention is based on the following theory.

Based on the well-known formulas for coolant cooling, heat transfer process and heat balance of the heating process, the equation of heating modes [4] and, on its basis, the heating control equation [5], linking the main parameters of the heating process, are obtained:

τ _ο ι = t _e , v + p / _tu , _r ---- _h .

+. V q ₀ V _H a (t _e - QU 4-μ) - (Q _me + Q _UHC ) 4J (G _yol (l + u- а _{у ut} ) with _т32 в ') ^Р , ^ иЗг (1 + It) - 0.5c _ml2 f_ _{f λ} , ζί + Г fa, \ - - ^ н) (1 I Д) (Qme I Quhc))

G _yol (l + ua _ym ) c _ml2 c _m32 ⁷ te, tn, 6yo f, cm32 ', Qo.m', n, p _f ^ co, fco, aym, cm 12, st32, ^ o, Un, and , // tv, p, 0ins where ^ в> is the average temperature of the internal air in the building and the temperature of the external air;

G _yo1 , u is the flow rate of the network coolant and the injection coefficient of the mixing unit;

, At, 0 ^ 32, Q _om - parameters of the calculated mode of operation of the heating system (coolant cooling, temperature head, heat capacity and theoretical heating thermal load);

n, p, k _co , f _co , and _ut are the characteristics of the heating system (indicators of heat transfer non-linearity from temperature head and flow, relative heat transfer coefficients and area of the system, leakage coefficient); ^ 12 '^ ti32 - current average heat capacity of the heat carrier (before and after the mixing unit); q _o , V _H , α, Q _TB - building characteristics (specific heating characteristic, depending on its heat protection, building volume, correction factor, internal heat dissipation power); C, Q _ins - environmental parameters (coefficient of infiltration, depending on the area of leaks, wind speed, barometric pressure, other parameters and the thermal power of solar insolation).

The standard equations used in heat supply for standard temperature schedules for regulating heat supply for temperatures of direct and return network water, as well as for the temperature of water supplied to the heating system, are derived from this equation as a special case under many assumptions [4].

In the absence of leaks (a _ut = 0) and a mixing unit (u = 0), from the general equation of modes we obtain the equation for regulating heating for the coolant directly entering the heating system [5]:

T - τ - t + Δί '^ Qo.m ^k cofco)% _O 1 (2) -% ₃ (2) ~ t _e + bt _{1 + n} ....— = - X

V {b _{c <} ) CmV) ^p

X ¹⁺ ν <? Λα (ί _β - t _w ) (l + μ) - (Q _me + Q _UHC ) q _o V _H a (t _e - t „) (l + μ) - (Q _me + Q _UHC )

2 ^G eo ^c m where T _C oi (2) = T _C o3 (2) and G _co is the temperature of the coolant entering the heating system (or leaving it) and its flow rate.

The heating control equation relates the temperature and the flow rate of water supplied to the heating system, i.e. determines for a given flow rate G _{co the} required temperature of the supplied water T _co1 , at which the required average internal temperature in the building will be provided at the current outdoor temperature t _n , i.e. determines the relationship ^T col ~ f (. ^G co> ^ в> ^ н>···)> and this influence directly or indirectly includes other influential quantities: internal heat and solar insolation, wind speed, area of building leaks, barometric pressure, heat transfer characteristics of heaters, etc. In addition, there are restrictions on the maximum temperature of the coolant supplied to the heating system (for example, according to sanitary standards) and the minimum flow rate (for example, under the condition of hydraulic and thermal stability of the heating system).

Thus, regulation by the equation for any outside air temperature and the set indoor temperature has a plurality of pairs of values of temperature and flow rate of coolant supplied to the heating system associated functional dependence w1 ^{t - f (G co> ^ e} > ^ n> ···.) ”And this dependence is not constant, but changes when other influencing quantities change, ie is dynamic, which should be taken into account when regulating heating.

An example of the indicated functional dependence for one heating mode of a conventional building is given in [5] and in FIG. 1, which shows the lines of dependence of the temperature of the direct and return water of the heating system for different outdoor temperatures on the relative water flow, taking into account restrictions on the maximum allowable temperature of 95 ° C and the minimum allowable flow rate of the supplied coolant at 40% of the calculated flow rate.

For the implementation of high-quality heating, i.e. the exact maintenance of a constant and predetermined internal temperature in the building, the ratio of temperature and flow rate of the coolant supplied to the heating system must be related by the ratio ^Tco1 ~ f ···) and the control system must regulate these parameters to ensure this condition in any heating mode.

The analysis of the heating modes used in the heat supply of a qualitative method of heating control (by changing the temperature of the coolant supplied to the heating system at a constant flow rate) according to the standard heating temperature schedule shows that this method leads to overheating of the room during the heating period [3, 6], to an overstated internal temperature and overflow, i.e. excess heat release. This is explained by an increase in the proportion of internal heat release in the heat balance of the heating with an increase in the outdoor temperature, see the example of FIG. 2 for a domestic heating temperature chart.

The use of heating regulation according to the given formula ^_ ···) ”, respectively, will lead to a constant internal temperature and to save heat energy for heating by eliminating overflow.

At the same time, it is possible to set a schedule for changing one parameter, for example, the temperature of the coolant supplied to the heating system - according to the standard heating schedule and, in accordance with the heating control equation and taking into account all the influencing quantities, determine the required coolant flow rate that allows you to maintain a given average internal temperature in the building at any current outdoor temperature. Similarly, it is possible to set a schedule for the change of another parameter — the coolant flow rate in the heating system, for example, to set its constant value and, in accordance with the heating control equation and taking into account all the influencing variables, determine the required temperature of the supplied coolant. In the general case, it is possible to set an arbitrary schedule for a coordinated change in temperature and flow rate of the coolant supplied to the heating system, connected according to the control equation, which ensures the maintenance of a constant and predetermined average internal temperature in the building.

Since all the thermal energy supplied by the coolant in the heating system is used without loss for heating purposes, the maximum energy efficiency of the process is ensured by the maximum reduction of water flow through the system with deeper cooling. Due to the fact that reducing the flow rate requires increasing the temperature of the water supplied to the heating system (and vice versa), the possibility of reducing the flow rate is limited either by the maximum allowable water temperature

- 5 034941 or the minimum allowable flow rate in the heating system.

Thus, an optimal — an expanded temperature graph (deep cooling graph) and the corresponding flow graph for regulating heating [5], FIG. 3, providing the minimum cost of thermal and hydraulic (mechanical) energy for heating.

With an expanded temperature schedule, a heat carrier is supplied to the heating system with the maximum allowable temperature or with the maximum possible temperature according to the condition of external heat supply and, accordingly, with the minimum possible optimum flow rate according to the heating regulation equation. When the flow value reaches the minimum possible level in hydraulics or an acceptable level according to the condition of thermal or hydraulic stability of the heating system, the flow rate of the coolant is set to minimum, and the temperature of the supplied coolant is determined by the equation of regulation of heating.

With this method, the heating regulation schedule is not constant (fixed), but adaptive (dynamic), i.e. depends on the current value of many quantities affecting heating that are part of the control equation.

This means that while maintaining the maximum temperature of the water supplied to the heating system, its flow rate will be determined not only by the temperature of the external and internal air, but also by the influencing and changing values indicated above. Similarly, while maintaining the minimum flow rate of the water supplied to the heating system, its temperature value depends on both the external and internal temperatures, as well as other influencing values.

Thus, for the implementation of high-quality heating, i.e. To accurately maintain the set average temperature of indoor air in a building, you need to be able to automatically control the temperature and flow rate of the coolant supplied to the heating system according to the heating control equation and taking into account many influential values, the value of which is transmitted to the automatic heating control system by signals from various sensors and / or manually set / programmatically (for example, according to the periods of the day), and to increase the energy efficiency of heating, regulation should be carried out while maintaining a minimum flow rate through the system.

Moreover, according to [3], there are opportunities to reduce the flow rate in heating systems even when using the standard heating temperature schedule. In particular, for a pumping system with an upper water supply, a flow rate reduction of up to 11 ... 38% is allowed.

When applying the proposed extended temperature schedule with a low flow rate, due to an increase in the temperature difference between the coolant and the natural circulation pressure in the system, the indicator G of the hydraulic characteristic of the heating system [3] increases, which enhances the phenomenon of self-regulation of heat supply from heating devices, i.e. hydraulic and thermal stability of the heating system and, accordingly, increases the possibility of reducing water consumption.

The heat carrier for the heating system is prepared at the individual heat point (ITP) of the building, to which the heat carrier either comes from the building's own heat generator (boiler room), or from the heat supply network external to the building from the heat supply source (boiler room, CHP, central heat point - the central heating network, etc.) .d.).

If the maximum (calculated) temperature of the coolant entering the building exceeds the value acceptable for the heating system, it is necessary to lower its temperature before supplying the coolant to the heating system. To do this, a mixing unit is installed in the ITP, in which, by mixing cooled return water (coolant) with the incoming water (coolant), the temperature of the water (coolant) supplied to the heating system is reduced to lower values or a heating heater is installed in the ITP.

If there is no mixing unit in the ITP, i.e. When the heating system is directly connected to the heat source (building heat generator, central heating), the source, for the implementation of high-quality and energy-efficient heating, must release the heat carrier into the heating system according to the control equation, including, as a special case, according to the extended temperature schedule and flow chart taking into account the values values affecting heating.

If a heat carrier with a certain temperature different from that required by the control equation at its existing flow rate enters the ITP of a building without a mixing unit, including, as a special case, different from the extended temperature schedule (for example, due to cooling in the network or the use of a standard temperature schedule), then the control system should strive to provide water to the building heating system with a flow rate in accordance with the equation ^ col ^_ f (РСОАвАц>·)> which can be achieved by operation of the control valve (s) and / or boost pump (s) with adjustable drive (regulator) on the supply or return pipe or a change in the number of working pumps, as well as the operation of an automated control unit.

If there is a mixing unit in the ITP, i.e. if, for example, the maximum temperature of the external coolant can be higher than the allowable temperature for heating, the requirement to be able to lower the temperature and maintain the relationship between the temperature and the flow rate

- 6 034941 for the control equation ^ col ~ f No.co> ^ b> ^ n> ···) ”including, as a special case, according to the extended temperature and flow diagrams, determines the presence and operation of at least two devices regulation - two control valves, the main and additional or one control valve (s) and an adjustable drive (regulator) of the mixing or circulating pump (s) of the heating system, as well as the operation of an automated control unit. In general, it is possible to install several control valves and pumps with a change in the number of working pumps during regulation.

If there is a heating heater in the ITP of the building, the heating medium with a predetermined temperature and flow is supplied in accordance with the heating control equation, including, as a special case, according to the extended temperature and flow graphs, which is performed due to the operation of the control valve (s ) the flow of the heating external coolant and the control valve (s) for the coolant flow of the heating system and / or the adjustable drive (regulator) of the circulation pump (s) or the change in the number of working pumps, as well as the operation of the automated control unit.

The automated heating control unit operates with a control valve (s) and / or an adjustable drive (controller) of the pump (s) according to the control equation introduced in its operation algorithm, based on dynamically changing sensor signals, as well as given parameters (working / non-working time, periods according to hours of the day, the temperature of the internal air, the boundaries of the flow rate and the temperature of the coolant, the area of the heating devices, their heat transfer coefficient, the heating characteristic of the building, etc.).

Moreover, in all the considered variants of the heating control system, taking into account all the influencing quantities and the quality of heating control according to the equation ^ col ~ f (Gco> ^ в> ^ н> ···), it is carried out according to the parameters of the heat carrier entering and leaving the heating system according to the corresponding sensors (flow, temperature, pressure), including, but not limited to, the temperature of the return water after the heating system according to the equation ^ co2 ~~ f (Р _С о> ^ в> ···) ·

In the scheme without mixing, when the coolant enters with a certain temperature T _co1, its flow rate G _co must be changed so that, but not exclusively, the return water temperature is T _co2 , or the flow sensor must show the value of the required value of the flow rate G _co .

Similarly, in schemes with mixing or with a heating heater, the operation of at least two control devices (two valve regulators or one valve regulator and a pump regulator) must provide the set values of the temperature of the water entering the heating system Ά> 1 ~~) and leaving it ^ co2 ~ f (. ^ co> ^ b> ^ n> ···) "controlled by signals from the respective sensors, or the flow sensor must show the value of the required flow value G _O o.

The method of regulating the heat supply from the heat point to the heating system 1 of building 2 of FIG. 4, in the absence of a decrease in water temperature T1 = T1 _co from an external heat network, consists in the operation of the preparation unit for the heat carrier 3 of the heating unit 4, containing an automated control unit 5 and equipment that affects the flow, based on the signals of sensors 6 (including the temperature sensor return water T2 _co ) and the specified parameters of such a coolant flow through the heating system G _co in accordance with the heating control equation, which ensures a constant average temperature in the building.

The reduction in energy costs is explained as follows. Maintaining a constant average internal temperature in a heated building provides a reduction in the excess costs of thermal energy (overflow) arising from overheating of the premises when using the standard heating temperature schedule.

The method of regulating the heat supply from the heat point to the heating system 1 of building 2 of FIG. 5 in the presence of a decrease in the temperature of the coolant from the outside, it consists in the operation of the coolant preparation unit 3 (a unit with mixing through a mixing line 7 from the return coolant stream 8, or a unit with a heating heater) based on signals from sensors 6, including a return temperature sensor T2 _co , coolant flow through the supply pipe 9 to the heating system 1 with temperature values T1 _co <T1 and flow rate G _co according to the heating control equation, which is ensured by the operation of the automated control unit 5 according to the initial signals of the sensors 6 and other parameters, including the set internal temperature air.

Another way to control the heat supply from the heat point to the heating system 1 of building 2 of FIG. 5, consists in the use of an extended temperature schedule and an appropriate flow chart, which ensures a minimum flow rate of the coolant through the heating system.

Reducing energy costs in the method of use of FIG. 5 is explained as follows. When using the flow rate and temperature control of the supplied coolant according to the heating control equation, maintaining a constant temperature in the heated building provides a reduction in excess heat energy (overflow) costs similarly to the method of FIG. 4, and application in

- 7 034941 of the method of FIG. 5 control according to the equation of regulation of heating and, as a special case, using an extended temperature schedule and a flow chart provides minimum energy costs for transporting the coolant, since there are minimal consumption and hydraulic (mechanical) power losses.

The device of the heat point of FIG. 6 without changing the temperature of the coolant contains the main control valve (s) 10 and / or boost pump (s) 11 with the controller (s) 12 located on the supply and / or return pipes of the heating system, as well as the temperature sensors T _co1 and T _co2 on these pipelines. These devices allow you to change the flow rate of the coolant through the heating system 1 of the building according to the control signals from the automated control unit 5 after it processes the source signals of the sensors 6, including temperature sensors Tco1 and Tco2, and other parameters.

In this case, hereinafter, as a regulator 12 of any pump, it is generally understood, either an electronic frequency-controlled drive, or an electromagnetic powder coupling, or a hydraulic coupling, or any other device that changes the rotor speed (shaft) of the hydraulic part of the pump and its pressure characteristic. In addition, if there are several pumps, their total pressure characteristic can be changed by separately turning the pumps on.

In this scheme, the method of FIG. 4, in which the flow rate through the heating system is changed in accordance with the heating control equation, including the extended temperature schedule, which ensures a constant air temperature in the building. At the same time, the building maintains a constant temperature and reduces or eliminates the cost (loss) of thermal energy arising from overflow (overheating of the premises) when using a standard heating or heating-domestic temperature schedule.

The device of the heat point of FIG. 7, with a decrease in the temperature of the coolant in the pump mixing unit 13, the location of the mixing pump (s) 14 is located on the mixing pipeline with the return flow preventing (back) valve 16 between the pipe 17 of the incoming coolant, on which the main control valve is located to the mixing point 18 (we ) 10, and the return pipe of the heating system 19, moreover, to regulate the proposed method according to FIG. 5, an additional control valve (s) 20 is introduced into the circuit on the supply and / or return pipe of the heating system and / or controller (s) 12 of the pump (s) 14, and instead of the control valve (s) 10 can be installed at the mixing point 18 a three-way control valve, and sensors for the parameters of the coolant are installed on the supply and return pipes of the heating system, including, but not exclusively, temperature sensors Tco1 and Tco2.

The device of the heat point of FIG. 8 and 9, with a decrease in the temperature of the coolant in the pump mixing unit 13, there is a pipe 17 of external coolant flowing to which, to the point of mixing 18 with the return coolant flow through the mixing pipeline 15, through the prevent return flow of the coolant (check) valve 16, the main control valve (s ) 10, and the circulation pump (s) 21 is located (s) on the supply pipe 9 (Fig. 8) or the return pipe 19 (Fig. 9) of the heating system, and for regulation, an additional control valve (s) 20 is introduced on the supply or the return pipe of the heating system and / or controller (s) 12 of the circulation pump (s) 21, and instead of the main control valve (s) 10, a three-way control valve can be installed at the mixing point 18 and heat carrier parameters are installed on the pipelines of the heating system, including including, but not limited to, Tco1 and Tco2 temperature sensors.

Schemes of the device of thermal points in FIG. 7, 8 and 9 implement a method for controlling the heat supply to heating of FIG. 5. They work as follows. The main control valve (s) 10, changing the flow rate of the incoming coolant flow 17 to the mixing point 18, mainly regulates the temperature of the flow of coolant 9 supplied to the heating system, and the additional control valve (s) 20, changing the hydraulic resistance of the heating circuit 1 buildings 2 and the flow rate through the mixing pump (s) 14 (Fig. 7) and preventing the backflow of coolant (non-return) valve 16 to the mixing point 18 or the flow rate through the circulation pump (s) 21 (Fig. 8, 9) mainly regulates , the flow rate of the coolant in the supply pipe 9 to the heating system 1. Also, the flow rate of the coolant through the mixing pump (s) 14 (Fig. 7) or through the circulation pump (s) 21 (Fig. 8, 9) and, accordingly, the flow rate coolant 9 to the heating system 1 can be controlled by changing the pressure characteristics of the mixing pump (s) 14 or the circulation pump (s) 21 when applying the controller (s) 19 of the pump (s), as well as by changing the number of va working pumps.

The device of the heat point of FIG. 10 with decreasing or preserving (neglecting the temperature difference of heat transfer) the temperature of the supplied coolant when the heating system is independently connected to an external network (heat source) through a heating heater 22 has a pipe 17 from the outside of the coolant, on which the main control is located before and / or after the heater 22 valve (s) 10, and the circulation pump (s) 21 is located on the pipeline of the heating circuit, and for regulation by the method of FIG. 5 in the scheme added

- 8 034941 control valve (s) 20 on the supply and / or return pipelines of the heating system and / or regulator (s) 12 of the circulation pump (s) 20, and on the pipelines of the heating system sensors of the coolant parameters are installed, including but not exclusively temperature sensors T _co1 and ^T co2 ·

The circuit of FIG. 10 works as follows. The main control valve (s) 10, changing the flow rate of the incoming coolant flow 17 to the heating heater 22, controls the temperature of the flow 9 supplied to the heating system, and the additional control valve (s) 20, changing the hydraulic resistance of the heating circuit, regulates the flow rate 9 in the system heating 1 · Also, the flow rate of the coolant through the circulation pump (s) 21 and, accordingly, in the heating system can be controlled by changing the pressure characteristic of the circulation pump (s) 21 when applying the controller (s) 12 of the pump (s), as well as by changing the number of working pumps .

Sources of information:

1. The rules for the provision of public services to citizens.

2. SP 60.13330.2012 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (act. Ed. SNiP 41-012003).

3. Scanavi A.N., Makhov L.M. Heating. Textbook for high schools. - M: DIA Publishing House, 2008, 576 p. silt.

4. Pyatin A.A. Equation of building heating modes. Part 2. Conclusion and verification of compliance [Electronic resource] SOCIETY, SCIENCE, INNOVATION. (NPK-2015): Vseros. annually. scientific-practical Conf .: Sat Articles, April 13-24, 2015, Vyatka State University. Kirov, 2015.2794 p. - p. 873-878.

5. Pyatin A.A. Equation of building heating modes. Part 3. Optimal management [Electronic resource] SOCIETY, SCIENCE, INNOVATION. (NPK-2016): Vseros. annually. scientific-practical Conf .: Sat Articles, April 18-29, 2016 Vyatka State University. Kirov, 2016 5660 s. - with. 1812-1823.

6. Pyatin A.A. Equation of building heating modes and its application for analysis of heat supply [Electronic resource] SOCIETY, SCIENCE, INNOVATION. (NPK-2014): Vseros. annually. scientific-practical Conf .: Sat Articles, April 15-26, 2014 Vyatka State University. Kirov, 2014.2206 s. -with. 1910-1916.

Claims (8)

CLAIM 1. A method of regulating the heating of a building, characterized by the supply of a coolant to the heating system and its regulation by an automated control unit by opening and closing the control valve (s) and / or by changing the pressure characteristic of the installed pump (s) by the operation of its regulator (s) and / or by changing the number of working pumps in the preparation unit of the coolant, characterized in that by means of an automated heating control unit, the temperature of the supplied and / or return coolant and / or its flow rate are controlled by the heating control equation expressed by the formula _. . 'WOT ¹ ,, 4o1 (2) - 4) 3 (2) 4 “r At ----------- X i + nl. X ¹⁺ Vq ₀ V _H a (t _B - t _H ) (l + μ) - (Qtb + Qhhc) _| d _{0 n} U a (t _{in - t H) (l + μ} ) - (Q TO + Q KHC) 2G _C0 c _T where T _co1 ( ₂ ) = T _co3 ( ₂ ) - heat carrier temperature determined by sensors; the ± sign in the formula should be used as + for the supplied coolant and for the return coolant; G _co is the flow rate determined by the sensor or otherwise; 4 - the set average temperature of the indoor air in the building supported by the regulation and the current outdoor temperature, respectively; as well as the values set or determined during the design or during the energy audit of the building and its heating system: θ 'Δΐ> С _t , Q _{0 T} are the parameters of the calculated (design) mode of operation of the heating system: coolant cooling, temperature head, heat capacity and theoretical heating heat load, respectively; as well as n, p, k _co , f _co - characteristics of heating devices and the heating system: indicators of the degree of non-linearity of heat transfer from temperature head and flow, coefficients of relative heat transfer and relative area of the system, respectively; q _o , V _H , a - building characteristics: specific heating characteristic, depending on its thermal protection, building volume, correction factor, respectively; and in addition, the values characterizing the heating mode determined or calculated on the basis of sensor signals and / or manual and / or program specifications or in any other way: ^t is the current average heat capacity of the heat carrier; Q _TB - internal heat output - 9,034,941 emissions; μ, Q _ins - environmental parameters: coefficient of infiltration and thermal power of solar insolation. 2. The method of regulating the heating of a building according to claim 1, characterized in that, using the heating control unit, the temperature and flow rate of the supplied coolant are controlled according to the temperature and flow rates, maintaining the maximum possible and / or acceptable temperature or, if this is not possible, the minimum possible and / or allowable flow, based on the condition: ₌ ix _col (G _c T (t _H ), t _H , t _B , ...) = τ ^ ^{χ Tco1} I t fn ^min tt Ί << t ^max 'V 4о1к ^and ω> ^l h <* · J ^v col -max where '' col is the maximum permissible or maximum possible temperature by the condition of external heat supply, not exceeding the maximum permissible; ^and co is the flow rate of the coolant into the system ~ ~ _max. Fmin of heating according to the method of claim 1, when the coolant is supplied with a maximum temperature of ¹ co1> ^and co - determined from the design calculations or energy audit of the building and its heating system or in another way, the minimum possible and / or permissible coolant flow rate through the condition of thermal and hydraulic stability of the heating system her; other values correspond to the method according to claim 1. 3. The method of regulating the heating of a building according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that using the control valve (s) and / or booster pump (s) with or without regulator (s) and / or by changing the number of working pumps, they change and regulate the flow of coolant coming from outside into the heating system. 4. The method of regulating the heating of a building according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, using the main control valve (s) or a three-way control valve, the flow rate of the incoming coolant flow to the mixing point is changed, mainly controlling the temperature of the coolant supplied to the heating system, and the regulation, mainly, of the coolant flow into the heating system is carried out by changing the pressure characteristics of the mixing and / or circulation pump (s) when applying the controller (s) and / or by changing the number of working pumps, and / or by changing the hydraulic resistance of the heating circuit buildings with an additional control valve (by us). 5. The method of regulating the heating of a building according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, using the main control valve (s), the flow rate of the incoming coolant flow to the heating heater is changed, adjusting the temperature of the coolant supplied to the heating system, and the regulation is mainly , the flow rate of the coolant into the heating system is carried out by changing the pressure characteristic of the circulation pump (s) when applying the regulator (s) and / or by changing the number of working pumps, and / or by changing the hydraulic resistance of the heating circuit of the building with an additional control valve (us). 6. A system for controlling the heat supply for heating according to the method of claim 1 or 2, comprising heating devices connected to pipelines of the heating system in which the coolant is located; a heat release control system with an automated control unit, characterized in that in the unit for preparing the heat carrier for heating on the supply and / or return heating pipelines there is a control valve (s) and / or booster pump (s) with or without regulator (s), as well as sensors for the parameters of the coolant. 7. A system for controlling heat supply for heating according to the method of claim 1 or 2, comprising heating devices connected to pipelines of the heating system in which the coolant is located; a heat release control system with an automated control unit, characterized in that the heat carrier preparation unit for heating has a mixing line between the supply and return heating pipelines with a valve configured to prevent return of the heat carrier, and on the supply pipe to the mixing point with the flow from the mixing pipeline the main control valve is located or a three-way control valve is installed at the mixing point, and on the mixing line there is a mixing pump (s) with or without a controller, and / or circulation pump (s) is located on the supply and / or return pipes of the heating system with or without a regulator, and / or an additional control valve (s) is installed, and sensors for the parameters of the coolant are also installed. 8. A system for controlling heat supply for heating according to the method of claim 1 or 2, comprising heating devices connected to pipelines of the heating system in which the coolant is located; a heat release control system with an automated control unit, characterized in that the heat carrier preparation unit for heating has a heating heater for heating the heat carrier, and the main control valve (s) is located on the external coolant pipe connected to the heating heater, and on the supply or return pipe the heating system, there is a circulation pump (s) with or without a controller, and / or an additional control valve (s) is installed, as well as heat medium parameters sensors are installed.