EA023930B1 - Device for water purification by method of recrystallisation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to devices for water purification by method of recrystallisation and can be used in everyday life, food industry and medicine. The technical result consists in improved quality of purification and increased volume of melt water production. The device includes two thermostat-controlled heat-exchange reservoirs for water purification, made of heat-conducting material, a thermostat-controlled accumulative reservoir for purified water, means for supplying the purified water into consumer containers, means for discharge of unused purified water, connected to thermostat-controlled accumulative reservoir, means for filtration and supply of initial water to purification from water pipeline, connected with the heat-exchange reservoirs by a pipeline, means for discharge of purified water and means for discharge of liquid concentrate of organic and inorganic impurities, connected to heat-exchange reservoirs by means of pipelines, means for water freezing and ice melting with cooling and heating thermal elements, located on the external side of heat-conducting walls of heat-exchange reservoirs, electronic unit for the device control, connected with means for water freezing and ice melting and electric drives of means for filtration and supply of initial water to purification, means for discharge of purified water and means of discharge of liquid concentrate of impurities. Means for discharge of purified water from heat-exchange reservoirs is connected with thermostat-controlled accumulative reservoir, and each heat-exchange reservoir for water purification is made in form of rectangular parallelepiped with flat slit-like internal cavity, formed between two oppositely located walls of the said reservoir.

Description

The invention relates to devices for water purification by recrystallization, improving its biological properties by removing soluble in it organic and inorganic substances and gases, and can be used in everyday life, food industry and medicine.

Water purification by recrystallization consists in freezing it at a temperature slightly below 0 ° C (for example, from -2 to -6 ° C) with the formation of ice crystals, from which at the crystallization front, most of the impurities are displaced as a liquid concentrate of organic and inorganic impurities which does not freeze at the indicated temperatures due to the high salt content. The liquid concentrate of impurities is removed, and a clean ingot of ice crystals is melted at a positive temperature to obtain purified melt water.

A water purifier is known for producing thawed drinking water, which includes a zone of water freezing with an annular freezer located in series in a longitudinal vessel, an area for displacing impurities from the ice front and a concentration of impurities in the form of a brine, and a zone for transferring water from solid to liquid with an annular heating element ( RF patent No. 2312817, IPC С02Р 1/22, publ. 20.12.2007). The water purifier has separate nozzles for removing impurities in the form of brine and melt drinking water, located in the lower part of the vessel, and is additionally equipped with a drive unit for moving the frozen water rod mounted behind the freezer and a disconnecting device located in the center of the frozen water rod and made in the form pipes. The uncoupling device has an annular cutting part at the inlet, and an expanding profile at the outlet, forming an outlet pipe for removing impurities in the form of a brine.

However, this device provides insufficient quality of water purification, it is difficult to constructively and does not have optimally selected geometry of the heat exchange capacity.

A water purifier is known for producing melt drinking water on an industrial scale from sea water, which includes a water freezing zone with an annular freezer, a zone for displacing impurities from the ice front and a concentration of impurities in the form of brine and a zone of transition of solid state water to sequentially located in one longitudinal vessel. liquid with an annular heating element, separate nozzles for removing impurities in the form of brine and melt drinking water, located in the lower part of the vessel (French patent No. 2858607, IPC С02Р 1/22, published on 02/11/2005).

A known installation for water purification (RF patent No. 2274607, IPC С02Р 1/22, published on 04/20/2006), containing a container for untreated water, a heat exchanger installed in the tank to remove heat and freeze ice, means for heating and thawing ice, a freezing unit with its cooling system, a pipeline with a valve for draining water with impurities, a pipeline with a valve for draining melt water, characterized in that the heat exchanger is made in the form of a multi-stage coil located in the upper part of the tank at a height of approximately 1/3 ± 2/3 tank heights and at a distance of 2 ± 5 cm relative to the upper base of the container and symmetrically relative to its lateral surface with a gap that allows volumetric freezing of ice in water around the coil to a size that does not overlap this gap during ice crystallization, the tank is equipped with a heat-insulating cover and seal, a pipeline for draining water with impurities installed in the cross section of the conical bottom of the tank, the pipeline for draining the melt water is installed below 0.5 ± 2 cm above the conical bottom of the tank. The installation is equipped with a fine filter nd purification drainage pipe with a valve and a pump for circulating the water and pumping the melt under pressure through a fine filter and a control unit manual or automatic mode.

The closest analogue (prototype) of the device is a water purifier (RF patent No. 2393996, IPC С02Р 1/22, publ. 07/10/2010), including a housing in which a thermostatic working container with a lid and an inclined bottom with an opening for water discharge, a means for freezing water and melting ice with a control unit, a consumer container for receiving melt purified water and a container for receiving water with impurities and a high content of deuterium, pipelines with a means for controlling water discharge in the latter, connected to the a regular opening of the inclined bottom of the working tank for freezing water and melting ice, the drain pipes of which are installed respectively above the consumer tank for receiving purified melt water and a tank for receiving water with impurities and a high deuterium content. Means for freezing water and melting ice are made in the form of a thermoelectric module containing several thermoelectric elements located outside on the side wall of the working tank for freezing water and melting ice, the means for controlling the discharge of water in pipelines contains four normally closed valves installed in pairs in the last, and these pipelines for draining water are additionally interconnected by a pipeline with a fine filter of water, the connection sections of which with pipelines for I drain the water valves are located between the means for controlling the discharge of water in these pipes. The working capacity is rectangular in shape, the ratio of its height to length and width is respectively not less than 1.0 and not more than 1.2.

However, in the above analogues and prototype apparatuses are intended for the preparation of clean melt water in small volumes (1-2 l), which must be consumed immediately after preparation, since it loses the beneficial properties of melt water for several hours. In addition, the quality of the treated water is insufficient, and the cleaning cycle lasts about 7-8 or more hours (the larger the volume of purified water, the longer the water treatment cycle). The technical result of the claimed invention is to improve the quality of treatment and increase the production of melt water, reduce the time for its preparation and ensure the possibility of accumulation of purified melt water and increase the shelf life by supplying a separate thermostatic tank with a temperature inside its cavity of 3-4 ° C.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the apparatus for water purification by recrystallization, which includes a thermostatically controlled heat exchange tank for water purification, made of thermally conductive material, means for filtering and supplying raw water for purification from a water supply system, connected by a pipeline to a heat exchange tank for water purification, means for draining purified water and a means for draining a liquid concentrate of organic and inorganic impurities, connected via pipelines to a heat exchange e containers, a means for freezing water and melting ice with cooling and heating thermocouples that are located on the outside of the heat-conducting wall of the heat transfer tank, an electronic control unit connected to a means for freezing water and melting ice and electric drives for filtering and supplying the source water for cleaning , a means for draining purified water and a means for draining a liquid concentrate of impurities, according to the invention, additionally there is a second the same thermostatic a changeable tank, on the outer surface of the heat-conducting wall of which there are cooling and heating thermocouples for freezing water and melting ice, a thermostatically controlled storage tank for clean water, a means for supplying purified water to containers to the consumer, and a means for draining unused purified water connected to a thermostated storage tank ; the second heat-exchange capacity is connected by pipelines to means for filtering and supplying the source water for purification from the water supply, with means for draining the purified water and liquid impurity concentrate, the means for draining the purified water from heat-exchange containers is connected to a thermostatically controlled storage tank, and each heat-exchange tank for cleaning water is made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with a flat slotted internal cavity formed between two oppositely located walls of the specified mkosti.

The means for filtering and supplying the source water for purification from the water supply system includes water level sensors installed in heat exchange containers and connected through electrovalves to the indicated heat exchange containers, a hydraulic pump and a filtration unit. The means for draining purified water from heat-exchange containers contains a water level sensor in the storage tank and pipelines with solenoid valves installed therein. The means for supplying purified water to the container to the consumer comprises a dispenser connected by a pipe through an electrovalve to a thermostatically controlled storage tank. Means for draining a liquid impurity concentrate from heat-exchange containers contains a tank for collecting a liquid concentrate of impurities with liquid level sensors, connected by pipelines through electrovalves to the corresponding heat-exchange capacities and through a hydraulic pump and a check solenoid valve. The means for draining unused purified water contains a pipeline with an electrovalve connected to a thermostatically controlled storage tank for purified water and a tank for collecting liquid concentrate. The electronic control unit contains a microprocessor control panel (MP) connected to solenoid valves and a hydraulic pump for filtering and supplying source water to heat exchange containers, through a first control board with a purified water dispenser in containers to the consumer and through a second control board with means for freezing water and ice melting, water level sensors in heat transfer and storage tanks and a liquid level sensor in the liquid waste tank, electrovalves and a hydraulic pump means for draining the liquid end nitrate of impurities from heat-exchange tanks and electrovalves means for draining purified water from heat-exchange tanks into a thermostatically controlled storage tank and means for supplying purified water to containers to a consumer.

The invention is illustrated by the following graphic materials. In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of two heat-exchange containers with common cooling and heating thermoelements placed on the surface of their walls for freezing water and melting ice. In FIG. Figure 2 shows a diagram of one heat-exchange tank with thermoelements for cooling and heating. In FIG. 3 shows a diagram of a water purifier with two heat-exchange tanks.

A device for water purification by recrystallization includes the following elements. Two thermostatically controlled heat-exchange tanks 1 and 2 for water purification are located side by side, each of which is made of a heat-conducting material in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with a flat slotted internal cavity 3 formed between two oppositely located walls 4 and 5 of the tank. Thermostatically controlled heat exchange containers 1 and 2 are connected by means 6 for draining the purified water with a thermostatically controlled storage tank 7 for purified water. The means 6 for draining the purified water from the heat exchange tanks 1, 2 into the storage tank 7 contains solenoid valves 8 and 9 installed in the pipelines and a water level sensor 10 in the storage tank 7.

- 2 023930

The means 11 for filtering and supplying the source water for purification comprises water level sensors 12 and 13 in heat exchange tanks 1 and 2, sequentially installed the first electrovalve 14, hydraulic pump 15, the filtration unit 16, the second and third electrovalves 17 and 18, connected by a pipe 19 , with heat exchange tanks 1, 2 and with a water supply system 20 for supplying the source water. Means 21 for freezing water and melting ice with cooling elements 22 and heating 23, which are in contact with the heat-conducting wall 4 of heat-exchange tanks 1 and 2. Outside means 24 for supplying purified water to containers to a consumer comprises a dispenser 25 connected by a pipeline through an electric valve 26 sec thermostatically controlled storage tank 7. The means 27 for draining a liquid impurity concentrate from heat exchange tanks 1 and 2 contains a tank 28 for collecting a liquid impurity concentrate with a liquid level sensor 29, connected by by wires through electrovalves 30 and 31 with heat-exchange tanks 1 and 2 and through a hydraulic pump 32 and a non-return electrovalve 33 with sewage 34. The means 35 for draining unused purified water comprises a pipeline with an electrovalve 36 connected to a thermostatically controlled storage tank 7 for purified water and a tank 28 for liquid waste collection. The electronic control unit contains a microprocessor control panel (MP) control 37 and connected to it the first and second control boards 38, 39. The control MP 37 is connected to the electrovalves 14, 17, 18 and the hydraulic pump 15 of the filtering and supplying means 11 of the source water to the heat exchange containers 1, 2, and through the first control board 38, to the dispenser 25 for supplying purified water to the container to the consumer and through the second control board 39 - with a means 21 for freezing water and melting ice, water level sensors 12, 13 and 10 in heat transfer and storage tanks 1, 2, 7, respectively, and a liquid level sensor 29 in the tank 28 for collecting a liquid concentrate of impurities, electrovalves 30, 31, 33 and hydraulic pump 32 means 27 for discharge of a liquid concentrate of impurities from heat-exchange containers 1, 2 and electrovalves 8, 9, 26, 36 of means 6 for draining purified water from heat-exchange containers 1, 2 into storage tank 7, means 24 for supplying purified water to containers to a consumer, and means 35 for draining unused purified water.

Description of the apparatus for water purification by recrystallization

The microprocessor remote control 37 and the control boards 38 and 39 in the electronic unit carry out the following water purification operation algorithm (Fig. 3).

1. Control MP 37 opens the electrovalves 14, 17 and 18, starts the hydraulic pump 15. Water from the water supply system is filtered in the unit 16 from mechanical impurities, processed with ultraviolet light and fills the heat exchange tanks 1 and 2 to 3/4 of their volume. The process of filling containers 1 and 2 is controlled by sensors 12 and 13 of the water level, respectively.

2. The electrovalves 17 and 18 are closed.

3. The control board 39 includes cooling thermocouples 22 located on the walls 4 of tanks 1 and 2 (Fig. 1 and 2) in the cooling mode of the water to be treated in these tanks and temperature sensors located on the wall or bottom of tanks 1 and 2 (in the drawings not shown).

4. In tanks 1 and 2, water is cooled to a crystallization temperature of 0 ° C with the formation of a flat crystallization front, then the crystallization process is the formation of pure ice without impurities and the resulting ice is cooled to -4-5 ° C. The process of ice formation occurs in the direction from wall 4 to the opposite wall 5 of tanks 1 and 2. At wall 5 in each tank 1 and 2, a liquid concentrate of impurities dissolved in water is formed (metal salts, organic impurities, etc.), thereby forming brine - water with a high content of salts and various pollutants. In accordance with well-known data, the freezing temperature of this brine is -6-7 ° C. The thickness of the layer of pure ice on the walls of the 4 indicated containers is 2.5-3 cm.

5. The control board 39 turns off the cooling thermocouples 22 and opens the electrovalves 30 and 31. The concentrate of liquid impurities (brine) is drained from tanks 1 and 2 through pipelines to tank 28 within a few minutes. The solenoid valves 30 and 31 are turned off.

6. The control board 39 includes thermocouples 23 on the wall 4 of the tanks 1 and 2 in the heating mode. There is an increase in the temperature of pure ice in tanks 1 and 2 to a temperature of 0 ° C, at which ice melts and produces purified melt water. The temperature of the wall 4 of tanks 1 and 2 reaches 6-15 ° C, as a result of which the ice completely turns into melt water within 0.5-1 hours

7. After the ice melts in tanks 1 and 2, the control board 39 opens the electrovalves 8, 9 and clean melt water is drained from the heat-exchange tanks 1 and 2 into a thermostatically controlled storage tank 7.

Reducing the time of water purification is provided due to the fact that in the slotted cavity of the heat exchange tank, water crystallizes in the form of an ice layer of small thickness on one of the side walls of the tank for a short time due to intensive heat exchange between the cooled surface of the tank wall through a thin layer of ice with water, and a significant amount of this pure ice is formed due to the developed (large) area of the side surface of the container having an internal volume in the form of a flat or annular gap. It is known that for the same volume the smallest surface area will have a capacity in the form of a ball. The surface area of a cubic capacity of the same volume increases approximately 1.24 times. The surface area of the inventive heat transfer capacity of the same volume with a flat slotted internal volume can be increased from 2 to 10 times. In this regard, the absorption of heat in the cooled water can be increased several times, due to

- 3 023930 which reduces the time of freezing and purification of water.

The specific heat flux is equal to, W / m ² :

d = kDT / b, where c | - specific heat flux; k is the coefficient of thermal conductivity of ice, W / (m-K);

ΔΤ - temperature difference when passing through an ice layer, K;

B is the thickness of the ice layer, m

It can be seen from the above formula that the smaller the thickness (b) of the ice layer, the greater the specific heat flux is transferred to the cooled water and the faster the water crystallizes, which reduces the time for water purification.

Improving the quality of water treatment is achieved due to wall crystallization of the purified water. The purest ice crystallizes in a thin layer on the chilled wall of the water tank. With an increase in the thickness of the ice layer, the process of ice formation slows down, and its purity and physicochemical characteristics decrease (the pH decreases and the redox potential - ORP increases).

The thermostatically controlled storage capacity allows for a longer time to maintain the beneficial biochemical properties of melt water (high pH and low redox potential).

Claims (2)

CLAIM 1. Apparatus for water purification by recrystallization, including a thermostatically controlled heat exchange tank for water purification, made of thermally conductive material, means for filtering and supplying raw water for purification from a water supply system, connected by a pipeline to a heat exchange tank for water purification, a means for draining purified water and a means for draining a liquid concentrate of organic and inorganic impurities, connected via pipelines to a heat exchange tank, means for freezing water and melting ice and with thermocouples of cooling and heating, which are located on the outside of the heat-conducting wall of the heat-exchange capacity, the electronic control unit of the apparatus connected to means for freezing water and melting ice and electric drives for filtering and supplying the source water for cleaning, means for draining the purified water and means for draining a liquid concentrate of impurities, characterized in that it is equipped with a second the same thermostatically controlled heat-exchange capacity, on the outer surface of the heat-conducting wall Ora thermocouples arranged heating and cooling means for freezing water and ice melting thermostated storage tank for clean water, means for supplying purified water in a container to the consumer, and means for draining purified water unused connected to a thermostated storage capacitance; the second heat-exchange capacity is connected by pipelines to means for filtering and supplying the source water for purification from the water supply, with means for draining the purified water and liquid impurity concentrate, the means for draining the purified water from heat-exchange containers is connected to a thermostatically controlled storage tank, and each heat-exchange tank for cleaning water is made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with a flat slotted internal cavity formed between two oppositely located walls of the specified mkosti. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for filtering and supplying the source water for purification from the water supply system includes water level sensors installed in heat exchange containers and connected via electrovalves to said heat exchange containers, a hydraulic pump and a filtration unit, means for draining purified water from heat-exchange containers contains a water level sensor in the storage tank and pipelines with solenoid valves installed in them, means for supplying purified water to the container to the consumer contains a dispenser connected to a piping through an electrovalve with a thermostatically controlled storage tank, a means for draining a liquid impurity concentrate from heat-exchange containers contains a tank for collecting a liquid impurity concentrate with liquid level sensors, connected by pipelines through electrovalves to the corresponding heat-exchange containers and through a hydraulic pump and a non-return electrovalve with sewage and a means for draining unused purified water contains a pipeline with an electrovalve connected to a thermostatically controlled storage tank for purified water and a tank for collecting liquid concentrate, and the electronic control unit contains a microprocessor control panel (MP) connected to solenoid valves and a hydraulic pump for filtering and supplying source water to heat exchange containers, through the first control board, with a purified water dispenser in a consumer container and through the second control board - with means for freezing water and melting ice, water level sensors in heat transfer and storage tanks and a liquid level sensor in the liquid waste tank, electronic oklapanami hydraulic pump and means for discharging impurities from the heat exchange liquid concentrate containers and solenoid means for draining purified water from the heat exchangers in tanks thermostated storage capacitance and supplying purified water in a container means the consumer.