RU2557628C2 - Apparatus for water purification - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for water purification by method of crystallisation and can be used in household and industry. Apparatus for water purification includes thermostat-controlled heat-exchange reservoir for water purification, means for filtration and supply of initial water for purification from water pipeline, means for discharge of purified water and means for discharge of liquid concentrate of admixtures, means for water freezing and ice melting with thermal elements 22 of cooling and heating, electronic unit for apparatus control. Apparatus for water purification is additionally provided with thermostat-controlled heat-exchange reservoirs for water purification, thermostat-controlled accumulating reservoir for purified water, means for supply of purified water into consumer container and means for discharge of unused purified water. Each heat-exchange reservoir for water purification is made in form of parallelepiped with flat slotted internal cavity, formed between two oppositely located walls of said reservoir.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to increase quality of water purification and increase volume of melt water production, reduce time of its preparation, provide possibility of melt water accumulation and increase its storage term.

6 cl, 10 dwg, 2 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to devices for water purification by crystallization, improving its biological properties by removing soluble in it organic and inorganic substances and gases, and can be used in everyday life, food industry and medicine.

Water purification by crystallization consists in freezing it at a temperature slightly below zero degrees Celsius (for example, from -2 to -6 ° C) with the formation of ice crystals, from which, at the crystallization front, most of the impurities are displaced as a liquid concentrate of organic and inorganic impurities which does not freeze at the indicated temperatures due to the high salt content. The liquid concentrate of impurities is removed, and a clean ingot of ice crystals is melted at a positive temperature to obtain purified melt water.

A water purifier is known for producing thawed drinking water, which includes a zone of water freezing with an annular freezer located in series in a longitudinal vessel, an area for displacing impurities from the ice front and a concentration of impurities in the form of a brine, and a zone for transferring water from solid to liquid with an annular heating element ( RF patent No. 2312817, IPC C02F 1/22, publ. 12/20/2007). The water purifier has separate nozzles for removing impurities in the form of brine and melt drinking water, located in the lower part of the vessel, and is additionally equipped with a drive unit for moving the frozen water rod mounted behind the freezer and an uncoupling device located in the center of the frozen water rod and made in the form pipes.

The uncoupling device has an annular cutting part at the inlet, and an expanding profile at the outlet, forming an outlet pipe for removing impurities in the form of a brine.

However, this device provides insufficient quality of water purification, it is difficult to constructively and does not have optimally selected geometry of the heat exchange capacity.

A water purifier is known for producing melt drinking water on an industrial scale from sea water, which includes a water freezing zone with an annular freezer, a zone for displacing impurities from the ice front and a concentration of impurities in the form of brine and a zone of transition of solid state water to sequentially located in one longitudinal vessel. liquid with an annular heating element, separate nozzles for removing impurities in the form of brine and melt drinking water, located in the lower part of the vessel (French Patent No. 2858607, IPC C02F 1/22, publ. 02/11/2005).

A known installation for water purification (RF Patent No. 2274607, IPC C02F 1/22, published on 04/20/2006), containing a container for untreated water, a heat exchanger installed in the tank to remove heat and freeze ice, means for heating and thawing ice, a freezing unit with its cooling system, a pipeline with a valve for draining water with impurities, a pipeline with a valve for draining melt water, characterized in that the heat exchanger is made in the form of a multi-stage coil located in the upper part of the tank at a height of approximately 1/3 ÷ 2/3 tank heights n a distance of 2 ÷ 5 cm relative to the upper base of the container and symmetrically relative to its side surface with a gap providing the possibility of volumetric freezing of ice in water around the coil to a size that does not overlap this gap during ice crystallization, the tank is equipped with a heat-insulating cover and seal, a pipeline for draining water with impurities installed in the cross section of the conical bottom of the tank, the pipeline for draining the melt water is installed below the conical bottom of the tank by 0.5 ÷ 2 cm. The installation is equipped with a filter thinly Purification of the drainage tube with a valve and a pump for circulating the water and pumping the melt under pressure through a fine filter and a control unit manual or automatic mode.

The closest analogue (prototype) of the device is a water purifier (RF patent No. 2393996, IPC C02F 1/22, publ. 07/10/2010), including a housing in which a thermostatic working container with a lid and an inclined bottom with a hole for water discharge, a means for freezing water and melting ice with a control unit, a consumer container for receiving melt purified water and a container for receiving water with impurities and a high content of deuterium, pipelines with a means for controlling water discharge in the latter, connected to the drain the open hole of the inclined bottom of the working tank for freezing water and melting ice, the drain pipes of which are installed respectively above the consumer tank for receiving purified melt water and a tank for receiving water with impurities and a high deuterium content. Means for freezing water and melting ice are made in the form of a thermoelectric module containing several thermoelectric elements located outside on the side wall of the working tank for freezing water and melting ice, the means for controlling the discharge of water in pipelines contains four normally closed valves installed in pairs in the last, and these pipelines for draining water are additionally interconnected by a pipeline with a fine filter of water, the connection sections of which with pipelines for I water drain valves are located between the means for controlling the discharge of water in these pipes. The working capacity is rectangular in shape, the ratio of its height to length and width is respectively not less than 1.0 and not more than 1.2.

However, in the above analogues and prototype devices are intended for the preparation of clean melt water in small volumes (1-2 liters), which must be consumed immediately after preparation, since it loses the beneficial properties of melt water for several hours. In addition, the quality of the treated water is insufficient, and the cleaning cycle is long - about 7-8 or more hours (the larger the volume of purified water, the longer the water treatment cycle).

The technical result of the claimed invention is to improve the quality of treatment and increase the volume of production of melt water, reduce the time for its preparation and ensure the possibility of accumulation of purified melt water and increase the shelf life by supplying a separate thermostatic tank with a temperature inside its cavity from 0 to + 4 ° C .

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the apparatus for water purification, including a thermostatically controlled heat-exchange tank for water purification, made of thermally conductive material, a means for filtering and supplying raw water for purification from a water main connected by a pipeline to a heat-exchange tank for water purification, a drain purified water and a means for draining a liquid concentrate of organic and inorganic impurities, connected via pipelines to a heat transfer tank, a means for freezing water and melting ice with cooling and heating thermocouples that are located on the outer surface of the heat-conducting walls of the heat transfer tank, an electronic control unit connected to means for freezing water and melting ice, means for filtering and supplying the source water for cleaning, and means for draining the purified water and a means for draining the liquid concentrate of impurities, according to the invention it is equipped with additional thermostatically controlled heat-exchange tanks, on the outer surface of the thermocouple Water walls are located thermocouples cooling and heating, the means for freezing water and ice melting thermostated storage tank for clean water, means for supplying purified water in a container to the consumer, and means for draining purified water unused connected to a thermostated storage capacitance; additional heat exchanging tanks are connected by pipelines with means for filtering and supplying the source water for purification from the water supply, with means for draining the purified water and liquid impurity concentrate; moreover, a means for draining purified water from heat exchange containers is connected to a thermostatically controlled storage tank, and each heat exchange water treatment tank is made in the form of a parallelepiped with a flat slotted internal cavity formed between two oppositely located walls of said container.

Moreover, on the outer surface of the bottoms and on one of the side walls of the heat-exchange containers, thermocouples for heating the means for freezing water and ice melting can be additionally installed, and on the outer surface of one of the thermoconductive walls of the thermostatically controlled storage tank for pure water, thermocouples for cooling the means for freezing water and ice .

The means for filtering and supplying the source water for purification from the water supply system includes water level sensors installed in heat exchange containers and connected through electrovalves to the indicated heat exchange tanks, a hydraulic pump, and a filtration unit. The means for draining purified water from heat-exchange containers contains a water level sensor in the storage tank and pipelines with solenoid valves installed therein. The means for supplying purified water to the container to the consumer comprises a dispenser connected by a pipe through an electrovalve to a thermostatically controlled storage tank. The means for draining a liquid impurity concentrate from heat-exchange containers contains a tank for collecting a liquid impurity concentrate with liquid level sensors, connected by pipelines through electrovalves to appropriate heat-exchange containers and through a hydraulic pump and a non-return electrovalve with sewage. The means for draining unused purified water contains a pipeline with an electrovalve connected to a thermostatically controlled storage tank for purified water and a tank for collecting liquid concentrate. The electronic control unit contains a microprocessor control panel (MP) connected to solenoid valves and a hydraulic pump for filtering and supplying the source water to heat exchange containers: through the first control board, with the purified water dispenser in the consumer packaging and through the second control board with means for freezing water and melting ice, water level sensors in heat transfer and storage tanks and a liquid level sensor in the tank for liquid waste, electrovalves and a hydraulic pump means for draining liquid concentrate waste of impurities from heat-exchange tanks and electrovalves means for draining purified water from heat-exchange tanks into a thermostatically controlled storage tank and means for supplying purified water to containers to a consumer.

The means for freezing water and melting ice is made in the form of a refrigeration unit, and its cooling and heating thermoelements are heat exchange tubes curved in the form of a flat spiral and connected to the circuit of the refrigeration unit with the possibility of passing through them a cooled and / or heated coolant.

The invention is illustrated by the following graphic materials. In FIG. 1 and 2 show diagrams (embodiments) of the heat transfer capacity of the apparatus in the context of the cooling and heating thermoelements located on the surface of its walls and the bottom. In FIG. Figures 3, 4 and 5 show a diagram of the heat exchange capacity of the apparatus with thermoelements for cooling and heating - respectively, a front view, a rear view, and from the bottom side. In FIG. Figure 6 shows a diagram of a water purifier with two heat-exchange containers. In FIG. 7, 8 and 9 show the hydraulic circuit of the means for freezing water and melting the ice of the apparatus (first embodiment), respectively, in the modes of freezing water and melting ice in heat exchange containers and in thermostating and maintaining purified water in a cooled state at a temperature from 0 to + 4 ° C. In FIG. 10 shows a hydraulic diagram of a means for freezing water and melting ice (second embodiment) with additional heating thermocouples on one of the side walls of the heat exchange containers.

A device for water purification by crystallization includes the following components and parts. Several thermostatically controlled heat-exchange tanks, for example, tanks 1 and 2 (Fig. 1-5) for water purification, each of which is made of a heat-conducting material in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with a flat slotted internal cavity 3, formed between two oppositely located walls 4 and 5 of the specified tank . Thermostatically controlled heat exchange containers 1 and 2 are connected by means 6 for draining the purified water with a thermostatically controlled storage tank 7 for purified water. The means 6 for draining the purified water from the heat exchange tanks 1, 2 into the storage tank 7 contains solenoid valves 8 and 9 and the water level sensor 10 in the storage tank 7 installed in the pipelines. The means 11 for filtering and supplying the source water for cleaning in the tanks 1 and 2 contain water level sensors 12 and 13 in said heat exchange tanks 1 and 2, sequentially installed first electrovalve 14, hydraulic pump 15, filtration unit 16, second and third electrovalves 17 and 18, connected by a pipe 19 to each other, with heat exchange tanks 1, 2 and with a water supply 20 of the source water. Means 21 for freezing water and melting ice with cooling and heating thermoelements 22, which are in contact with the heat-conducting walls 4, 5 and bottom 23 of heat-exchange containers 1 and 2. Means 24 for supplying purified water to containers to a consumer contain a dispenser 25 connected by a pipeline through an electrovalve 26 with a thermostatically controlled storage tank 7. The means 27 for draining a liquid impurity concentrate from heat exchange tanks 1 and 2 contains a tank 28 for collecting a liquid impurity concentrate with a liquid level sensor 29, soy connected by pipelines through electrovalves 30 and 31 with heat exchange tanks 1 and 2 and through a hydraulic pump 32 and a non-return electrovalve 33 with sewage 34. The means 35 for draining unused purified water contains a pipeline with an electrovalve 36 connected to a thermostatically controlled storage tank 7 for purified water and a tank 28 to collect a liquid concentrate of impurities.

The electronic control unit contains a microprocessor control panel (MP) control 37 and connected to it the first and second control boards 38, 39. The control MP 37 is connected to the electrovalves 14, 17, 18 and the hydraulic pump 15 of the filtering and supplying means 11 of the source water to the heat exchange containers 1, 2, and through the first control board 38 with a dispenser 25 for supplying purified water to the container to the consumer and through the second control board 39 with means 21 for freezing water and melting ice, water level sensors 12, 13 and 10 in heat transfer and storage tanks 1, 2, 7, respectively, and a liquid level sensor 29 in a tank 28 for collecting a liquid impurity concentrate, electrovalves 30, 31, 33 and a hydraulic pump 32 means 27 for with willow of a liquid concentrate of impurities from heat-exchange tanks 1, 2 and electrovalves 8, 9, 26, 36 of means 6 for draining purified water from heat-exchange tanks 1, 2 into storage tank 7, means 24 for supplying purified water to containers to a consumer and means 35 for draining unused purified water.

On the outer surface of one of the heat-conducting walls of the thermostatically controlled storage tank 7 for purified water, thermocouples 22 for cooling the means 21 for freezing water and melting ice can be located.

The means 21 for freezing water and melting ice is made in the form of a refrigeration unit, and its cooling and heating thermoelements 22 are heat exchange tubes 40, 41, 42 and 43, curved in the form of a flat spiral and connected to the refrigeration unit with the possibility of passing cooled and / or heated coolant. The heat transfer tubes 40 and 41 are attached respectively to the opposite side walls 4 and 5 of the tanks 1 and 2 for the heat carrier to pass through them both in the cooled and in the heated state. In the first embodiment, on the side wall of 4 containers 1 and 2, tubes 40 are located in the upper part of the specified wall 4, occupying approximately 2/3 of its surface, to prevent freezing of the drain pipe located in the bottom 23 near the wall 4 (Figs. 1 and 2) . Heat transfer tubes 42 are attached to the bottoms 23 of the tanks 1 and 2 to allow the coolant to pass through them only in the hot state. The heat exchange tube 43 is attached to the outer surface of one of the thermally conductive walls of the thermostatically controlled storage tank 7 to allow the coolant to pass through it only in a cooled state.

The refrigeration unit contains a circuit 44 with a compressor 45, a four-way solenoid valve 46, a condenser 47, a non-return valve 48, a filter drier 49, a coolant control unit 50 with an inspection glass, an electric valve 51 and heat transfer tubes 40-43 of the thermocouples 22.

Heat transfer tubes 40-42 of capacities 1 and 2 are interconnected by pipelines, respectively, through chokes 52 and 53. In addition, heat transfer tubes 40 and 41 of capacities 1 and 2 are additionally interconnected, respectively, through check valves 54 and 55.

Moreover, on one side of the line of pipelines A and B with heat transfer tubes 40-42 of respectively capacities 1 and 2 are connected through a common line B of the pipeline and the four-way electrovalve 46 to the compressor 45, and on the other hand, through the chokes 56 and 57, respectively, to the electrovalve 51 of the circuit 44 One end of the line G of the pipeline with the heat exchange tube 43 on the wall of the storage tank 7 is connected through a four-way electrovalve 46 to the compressor 45, and its other end, respectively, through the throttle 58 and the electrovalve 59 to the circuit 44 between the electroclaw pan 51 and node 50 control. Lines A and B in the sections between the heat exchanger tubes 40-42 and chokes 56 and 57 are connected by a pipe line D through a check valve 60 to circuit 44 in the section between the check valve 48 and filter drier 49. A pipe line E with a choke 61 is connected to circuit 44 parallel to the check valve 48, filter drier 49 and the control unit 50.

To accelerate and more uniformly melt the ice in volume on the outer surface in the lower part of one of the side walls, for example, wall 4, heat exchange tanks 1 and 2, thermoelements 22 for heating means for freezing water and melting ice (second option) made in in the form of heat exchange tubes 62 and connected in a circuit 44 of a refrigeration unit in series to heat exchange tubes 42 on the bottoms of tanks 1 and 2 as shown in FIG. 2 and the hydraulic circuit of FIG. 10.

Description of the apparatus for water purification by recrystallization

The microprocessor control panel (MP) of control 37 and the control board 38 and 39 in the electronic unit carry out the following water purification operation algorithm (Fig. 5).

1. Control MP 37 opens the electrovalves 14, 17 and 18, starts the hydraulic pump 15. Water from the water supply system is filtered in the unit 16 from mechanical impurities, processed with ultraviolet light and fills the heat exchange tanks 1 and 2 to 3/4 of their volume. The process of filling containers 1 and 2 is controlled by sensors 12 and 13 of the water level, respectively.

2. The electrovalves 17 and 18 are closed.

3. The control board 39 includes sensors for measuring the temperature of the water in tanks 1 and 2 (not shown in the drawings) and switches the circuit 44 of the refrigeration unit to the “cold” mode, i.e. cooling tubes 40 and 41 located on the walls 4 and 5 of the heat-exchange tanks 1 and 2 (Fig. 6) for freezing the water to be purified in these tanks.

4. The heat carrier compressed in compressor 45 in the form of high-pressure hot steam enters through a de-energized 4-way solenoid valve 46 into condenser 47, where it is cooled and condensed, turning into a high-pressure liquid. After the condenser 47, the high-pressure liquid refrigerant freely passes through the non-return valve 48, the filter drier 49, the inspection unit 50 with the sight glass, and through the included solenoid valve 51 enters the chokes 56 and 57, where the pressure of the liquid coolant decreases. After the chokes 56 and 57, low-pressure liquid refrigerant enters the tubes 41 and 40 (through check valves 54 and 55) of the heat exchange tanks 1 and 2, bypassing the tubes 42 thanks to the chokes 52 and 53. It boils, evaporates and absorbs heat in the tubes 41 and 40 cooling and freezing water in heat exchange tanks 1 and 2. Check valves 54 and 55 stand in the direction of flow of the refrigerant and do not interfere unlike chokes 52 and 53 with a high pressure loss, so the refrigerant does not “enter” the tubes 42 of the bottoms 23 capacities 1 and 2. After passing the lines A, B and C oprovodov vapor refrigerant through the 4-way solenoid valve 46 enters the compressor 45 where it is compressed and fed to the next cycle. The non-return solenoid valve 60 prevents the passage of high-pressure liquid refrigerant into the working tanks, bypassing the chokes 56 and 57. The choke 61 is not involved in operation, as the pressure loss in it is much higher than in the non-return valve 48. The electrovalve 59 is closed.

5. In tanks 1 and 2, water is cooled to a crystallization temperature of 0 ° C with the formation of a flat crystallization front, then the crystallization process is the formation of pure ice without impurities and the resulting ice is cooled to minus 4-5 ° C. The process of ice formation occurs in the direction from walls 4 and 5 to the center of tanks 1 and 2. In the central part of each tank 1 and 2, a liquid concentrate of impurities dissolved in water (metal salts, organic impurities, etc.) is formed, thereby brine ”- water with a high content of salts and various pollutants. In accordance with well-known data, the freezing temperature of this “brine” is minus 6-7 ° C. The thickness of the layer of pure ice on the walls 4 and 5 of these containers is 1.5-2 cm.

6. The control board 39 turns off the cooling thermocouples 22 and opens the electrovalves 30 and 31. The liquid impurity concentrate (brine) is drained from the tanks 1 and 2 through pipelines to the tank 28 to collect the liquid impurity concentrate for several minutes. The solenoid valves 30 and 31 are turned off.

7. The control board 39 switches the circuit 44 of the refrigeration unit to the heating mode of the tubes 40, 41 and 42 located on the walls 4 and 5 and the bottom 23 of the heat exchange tanks 1 and 2 (Fig. 7) to thaw clean ice and obtain purified water in these tanks 1 and 2.

The refrigerant (coolant) compressed by compressor 45 enters through a 4-way solenoid valve 46 into tubes 40-42 of heat-exchange tanks 1 and 2, where it transfers heat to the outer walls 4, 5 and bottom 23, thereby the refrigerant is cooled and condensed in the form of a high-pressure liquid phase. Non-return electrovalves 54 and 55 inhibit the movement of the refrigerant, due to which the refrigerant moves through the bottom tubes 42 and chokes 52 and 53 of lines A and B, heating the walls 4, 5 and the bottoms 23 of tanks 1 and 2. After the heat exchange tanks 1 and 2, liquid refrigerant under high pressure freely passes through the check valve 60 of line D, the filter drier 49, the control unit 50 with a sight glass enters the throttle 61 of line E, where the pressure of the liquid refrigerant drops, and it enters the condenser 47 (in this mode it acts as an evaporator), where hl the agent boils, evaporates and absorbs heat from the environment. After condenser 47, vaporous refrigerant with low pressure enters through a 4-way solenoid valve 46 into compressor 45, where it is compressed, heated and fed to a new cycle of operation. The check valve 48 prevents the passage of high-pressure liquid refrigerant into the condenser 47, bypassing the throttle 61. The electrovalves 51 and 59 are closed.

As a result of the operation of the refrigeration unit in heating mode (Fig. 7), the temperature of pure ice in containers 1 and 2 rises to a temperature of 0 ° C, at which ice melts and produces purified melt water. The temperature of the walls 4, 5 and the bottoms of 23 tanks 1 and 2 reaches + 6-12 ° C, as a result of which the ice completely turns into melt water within 0.5-1 hours.

8. After the ice melts in the tanks 1 and 2, the control board 39 opens the electrovalves 8, 9 and pure melt water is drained from the heat-exchange tanks 1 and 2 into the thermostatically controlled storage tank 7.

9. For long-term storage of melt water (from 5 to 24 hours) in the heat exchange tank 7, the refrigeration unit can be switched to the mode (Fig. 8) of long-term thermostating of the tank 7 and maintain the temperature from 0 to + 4 ° C.

The refrigerant compressed by compressor 45 (Fig. 8) enters through a de-energized 4-way solenoid valve 46 into condenser 47, where it is cooled and condensed as a high-pressure liquid phase. After the condenser 47, the high-pressure liquid refrigerant freely passes through the check valve 48, the filter drier 49, the inspection unit 50 with a sight glass, and through the included open valve 59 enters the throttle 58 of line G, where the pressure of the liquid refrigerant is reduced. After the choke 58, low-pressure liquid refrigerant enters the heat exchange tube 43 of the heat exchange tank 1, in which it boils, evaporates and absorbs heat, maintaining the temperature of the tank 7 from 0 to + 4 ° C. After the heat exchange tube 43, vaporous refrigerant moves along line G, bypassing the 4-way solenoid valve 46, due to the lower pressure loss in the direct pipe of line G, enters the compressor 45, where it is compressed and fed to a new cycle of operation.

The non-return solenoid valve 60 prevents the passage of high-pressure liquid refrigerant to the suction line D through tubes 40-42 of the heat exchange tanks 1 and 2. The restrictor 61 is not involved in operation, as the pressure loss in it is much higher than in the non-return solenoid 48. The solenoid 51 is closed.

10. The melting mode of ice in the heat exchange containers 1 and 2 in an embodiment of the apparatus with heat transfer tubes 62 located in the lower part of the walls 4 and 5 (Fig. 2) is as follows.

The control board 39 switches the circuit 44 of the refrigeration unit to the heating mode of the tubes 40, 41, 42 and 62 located on the walls 4 and 5 and the bottom 23 of the heat exchange tanks 1 and 2 (Fig. 10) to thaw clean ice and obtain purified water in these tanks 1 and 2.

Compressed refrigerant (coolant) compressed by compressor 45 enters through a 4-way solenoid valve 46 into tubes 40-42 and 62 of heat exchange tanks 1 and 2, where it more evenly transfers heat to outer walls 4, 5 and bottom 23, thereby the refrigerant cools and condenses as liquid high pressure phases. Non-return electrovalves 54 and 55 inhibit the movement of the refrigerant, so that the refrigerant moves through the heat exchange tubes 62, the bottom tubes 42 and the chokes 52 and 53 of the lines A and B, heating the walls 4, 5 and the bottoms 23 of the tanks 1 and 2. After the heat-exchange tanks 1 and 2, the liquid refrigerant under high pressure freely passes through the check solenoid valve 60 of line D, the filter drier 49, the control unit 50 with the sight glass enters the throttle 61 of line E, where the pressure of the liquid refrigerant drops, and it enters the condenser 47 (in this mode, function), where the refrigerant boils, evaporates and absorbs heat from the environment. After condenser 47, vaporous refrigerant with low pressure enters through a 4-way solenoid valve 46 into compressor 45, where it is compressed, heated and fed to a new cycle of operation. The non-return solenoid valve 48 prevents the passage of high-pressure liquid refrigerant into the condenser 47, bypassing the throttle valve 61. The solenoid valves 51 and 59 are closed.

As a result of the operation of the refrigeration unit in heating mode (Fig. 7), the temperature of pure ice in containers 1 and 2 rises to a temperature of 0 ° C, at which ice melts and produces purified melt water. The temperature of the walls 4, 5 and the bottoms of 23 tanks 1 and 2 reaches 10-18 ° C, as a result of which the ice completely turns into melt water within 30-45 minutes.

Reducing the time of water purification is provided due to the fact that in the slotted cavity of the heat transfer tank, water crystallizes in the form of an ice layer of small thickness on the side walls of the tank for a short time due to intensive heat transfer between the cooled surface of the tank wall through a thin layer of ice with water, and a significant amount of this pure ice is formed due to the developed (large) area of the side surface of the container having an internal volume in the form of a flat slit. It is known that for the same volume the smallest surface area will have a capacity in the form of a ball. The surface area of a cubic capacity of the same volume increases approximately 1.24 times. The surface area of the inventive heat transfer capacity of the same volume with a flat slotted internal volume can be increased from 2 to 10 times. In this regard, the absorption of heat in the cooled water can be increased several times, as a result of which the time of freezing and purification of water is reduced.

The specific heat flux is equal to:

q = kΔT / L, W / m ² ,

where q is the specific heat flux; k is the coefficient of thermal conductivity of ice, W / (m · K); ΔТ - temperature difference when passing through an ice layer, K; L is the thickness of the ice layer, m

From the above formula it can be seen that the smaller the thickness (L) of the ice layer, the greater the specific heat flux is transferred to the cooled water and the faster the water crystallizes, resulting in reduced water treatment time.

Improving the quality of water treatment is achieved due to wall crystallization of the purified water. The purest ice crystallizes in a thin layer on the chilled wall of the water tank. With an increase in the thickness of the ice layer, the ice formation process slows down, and its purity and physicochemical characteristics decrease (the pH decreases and the redox potential - ORP increases).

The thermostatically controlled storage capacity allows for a longer time to maintain the beneficial biochemical properties of melt water (high pH and low redox potential).

Below are the experimental data to confirm the technical result in terms of "improving the quality of water treatment".

Example 1. For the purification of tap water used apparatus according to the patent of the Russian Federation for invention No. 2393996. The working capacity is rectangular in shape, the ratio of its height to length and width is respectively not less than 1.0 and not more than 1.2 and has a volume of 2 liters. The volume of purified water in the working tank is 1.5 liters. Water purification data are given in table 1. The purification cycle is about 8 hours. With an increase in the volume of purified water, the duration of the water treatment cycle increases.

Example 2. For the purification of tap water, an apparatus was used according to the application of the Russian Federation for invention No. 2013150392/05 (claimed technical solution). The working capacity is made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with a slot cavity, which has a thickness of 5 cm, a height of 34 cm, a length of 65 cm and a volume of 11 liters. The volume of purified water in the working tank is 10 liters. Data on water treatment are given in table 2. The time of a full cycle of water treatment is 5 hours. The yield of purified melt water is 45.0-47.0%, and the liquid concentrate of organic and inorganic waste is 53.0-55.0%.

A comparative analysis of the parameters of water purification presented in tables 1 and 2 shows that the quality of water purification in the claimed technical solution is significantly higher than in the prototype.

According to biological and medical studies, a decrease in the ORP of water has a positive effect on the organism of laboratory animals (“The effect of liquids with different redox potential on the organs of the gastrointestinal tract”, topic of dissertation and abstract on the Higher Attestation Commission 14.03.06, candidate of medical sciences Kolesnichenko, Pavel Dmitrievich , Kursk, 2012 http://www.dissercat.com/content/vliyanie-zhidkostei-s-razlichnym-okislitelno-vosstano-vitelnyi-potentsialom-na-organy-zheludo).

Claims (6)

1. Apparatus for water purification, including a thermostatically controlled heat-exchange tank for water purification, made of thermally conductive material, means for filtering and supplying raw water for purification from a water pipe, connected by a pipeline to a heat-exchange tank for water purification, means for draining purified water and means for draining a liquid concentrate of impurities, connected through pipelines to a heat exchange capacity, a means for freezing water and melting ice with cooling and heating thermocouples, which are located water on the outer surface of the heat-conducting walls of the heat-exchange capacity, an electronic control unit connected to a means for freezing water and melting ice, a means for filtering and supplying raw water for cleaning, a means for draining the purified water and a means for draining a liquid impurity concentrate, characterized in that it is equipped with additional thermostatically controlled heat-exchange tanks, on the outer surface of the heat-conducting walls of which there are thermoelements for cooling and heating means for water and freeze-melting ice thermostated storage tank for clean water, means for supplying purified water in a container to the consumer, and means for draining purified water unused connected to a thermostated storage capacitance; additional heat exchanging tanks are connected by pipelines with means for filtering and supplying the source water for purification from the water supply, with means for draining the purified water and liquid impurity concentrate; moreover, a means for draining purified water from heat exchange containers is connected to a thermostatically controlled storage tank, and each heat exchange water treatment tank is made in the form of a parallelepiped with a flat slotted internal cavity formed between two oppositely located walls of said container. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that on the outer surface of one of the thermally conductive walls of the thermostatically controlled storage tank for clean water, there are thermocouples for cooling means for freezing water and melting ice. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for filtering and supplying the source water for purification from the water supply system comprises water level sensors installed in heat exchange containers and connected through electrovalves to said heat exchange containers, a hydraulic pump and a filtration unit; means for draining purified water from heat-exchange containers contains a water level sensor in the storage tank and pipelines with solenoid valves installed therein; means for supplying purified water to containers to a consumer comprises a dispenser connected by a pipeline through an electrovalve to a thermostatically controlled storage tank, means for draining a liquid impurity concentrate from heat-exchange containers contains a tank for collecting a liquid concentrate of impurities with liquid level sensors, connected by pipelines through electrovalves to appropriate heat-exchange containers and through a hydraulic pump and a check solenoid valve, and means for draining unused treated water contains three a water supply pipe with an electrovalve connected to a thermostatically controlled storage tank for purified water and a tank for collecting liquid impurity concentrate, and the electronic control unit contains a microprocessor control panel (MP) connected to electrovalves and a hydraulic pump for filtering and supplying source water to heat-exchange containers through the first board control - with a dispenser of purified water in containers to the consumer and through a second control board with means for freezing water and melting ice, water level sensors in the heat exchange and storage tanks and a liquid level sensor in the tank for collecting a liquid impurity concentrate, electrovalves and a hydraulic pump; means for draining a liquid impurity concentrate from heat exchange containers and electrovalves; means for draining purified water from heat-exchange containers into a thermostatically controlled storage tank and means for supplying purified water to consumer containers . 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that on the outer surface of the bottoms of the heat-exchange containers, thermoelements for heating means for freezing water and melting ice are additionally installed. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that on the outer surface in the lower part of one of the side walls of the heat-exchange containers, thermoelements for heating means for freezing water and melting ice are additionally installed. 6. The apparatus according to p. 1-5, characterized in that the means for freezing water and melting ice is made in the form of a refrigeration unit, and its cooling and heating thermoelements are heat exchange tubes curved in the form of a flat spiral and connected to the circuit of the refrigeration unit with the ability to pass through them a cooled and / or heated coolant.

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