EA017783B1 - Plant for water purification - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to plants for water purification in domestic utilities, improving its biological properties by removing organic impurities, salts, carcinogenic and mutagenic substances and gases solved therein by phase separation of source water with impurities using a method of crystallization and freezing out in a closed volume to pure water and water with impurities and can be used in every day life, food industry and medicine. The technical result of the claimed invention is aimed at shortening purification time process and improvement of water quality. A plant for water purification comprises a working capacity, a means for water freezing and ice melting arranged around the working capacity, a temperature-controlled casing mounted around the working capacity with means for ice freezing and melting and a mechanism for agitating of water in the working capacity during water freezing positioned inside or outside of the working capacity. In one of the embodiments the mechanism for water agitation in the working capacity comprises a pump arranged outside the working capacity, inlet and outlet pipes of which or one of them are/is tangentially connected to the working capacity. In another embodiment the mechanism for water agitation in the working capacity comprises a mixer positioned in the capacity and provided with a drive for rotation thereof arranged outside the working capacity.

Description

The invention relates to a device for water purification in domestic conditions, improving its biological properties by removing soluble organic impurities, salts, carcinogenic and mutagenic substances and gases by phase separation of the source water with impurities by crystallization by freezing in a closed volume into clean water and water with impurities and can be used in everyday life, food industry and medicine.

A known installation for water purification, containing a container for untreated water, a heat exchanger installed in the tank for heat removal and ice freezing, means for heating and thawing ice, a freezing unit with a cooling system, a pipeline with a valve for draining water with impurities, a pipeline with a valve for drain of melt water (RF patent No. 2274607, IPC С02Р 1/22, publ. 04/20/2006). The heat exchanger is made in the form of a multi-stage coil located in the upper part of the tank at a height of about 1 / 3-2 / 3 of the tank height at a distance of 2-5 cm relative to the upper base of the tank and symmetrically relative to its side surface with a gap that allows volumetric freezing of ice in water around the coil to a size that does not overlap this gap during ice crystallization. The tank is equipped with a heat-insulating cover and seal, the pipeline for draining water with impurities is installed in the cross section of the conical bottom of the tank, the pipeline for draining melt water is installed below 0.5-2 cm above the conical bottom of the tank. The unit is equipped with a fine filter with a drain pipe with a valve and a pump for circulating and pumping melt water under pressure through a fine filter.

There is another device for producing by method of near-wall crystallization of drinking water with a reduced concentration of dissolved salts and an improved structure of oxygen-enriched water (utility model patent No. 51612, IPC С02Р 1/22, publ. 02.27.2006), consisting of a vertically arranged cylindrical metal hermetic a water tank, on the outer sides of which, without contact with the tank, a refrigeration unit coil and heating unit blocks are installed that are closed on the outside of both the heat-shielding and the outer shell Ami, the tank in the upper part is equipped with an inlet pipe for water exiting the mechanical water treatment unit, and in the lower part of the tank there is a removable sealed lid with an outlet pipe mounted in it with a valve and a water flow switch.

The closest analogue (prototype) is an apparatus for water purification (patent for utility model No. 99477, IPC С02Р 1/22, publ. 11/20/2010), including a working tank, means for freezing water and melting ice with thermocouples and a unit for cleaning the drained and polluted water. The side wall of the working tank is made monolithic or with an annular cavity inside, filled with or having the possibility of filling it with a liquid with a freezing temperature below the freezing temperature of water, and has a thermal conductivity not lower than the thermal conductivity of the water being purified, and the thermocouples of the means for freezing water and melting ice are located on the outer surface of the side the walls of the working tank, either inside her body, or inside her annular cavity. The side wall of the working tank, made in monolithic or with a cavity filled with liquid, has a mass of at least 1/2 the mass of the treated water. The liquid in the annular cavity of the side wall of the working vessel has a freezing point of no higher than -10 ° C. The device has a thermostated casing located around the working tank and is equipped with an electronic control unit for freezing water, melting ice and draining water, connected to the electromagnetic valves of the unit for draining purified and contaminated water and switches for freezing water and melting ice.

The main disadvantages of the above analogues and the prototype apparatus is the long time for water purification due to the fact that during the formation of the ice layer from the walls of the tank to its center, the water is cooled in a static state (without forced mixing), in which its heat and mass transfer is insufficient, which increases the time obtaining a layer of pure ice and, thus, the total time of water purification. At the same time, the quality of water purification from impurities deteriorates as the thickness of the ice layer increases, which becomes dull (opaque) due to the attachment of gas bubbles to the ice surface with organic and inorganic impurities adsorbed on them, as well as due to an increase in the concentration of impurities dissolved in water, the removal of which from the phase boundary is due to diffusion. The limitation of the speed of freezing ice with a sufficient degree of purification is due to the fact that with an increase in the specific power output (and, accordingly, the speed of the crystallization front), the amount of impurities frozen out of water per unit time increases. As a result, the concentration of dissolved impurities at the crystallization front (phase boundary) increases. This leads to an increase in the diffusion flux of dissolved impurities (including gaseous) from the crystallization front to the inner layers of water. As a result, a new equilibrium state is established with a higher concentration of dissolved impurities at the crystallization front. With a subsequent increase in the freezing rate (as well as with an increase in the fraction of frozen water), the concentration of impurities at the front reaches a threshold value at which the impurities will be frozen back into ice, thereby deteriorating its quality of cleaning. Also the disadvantages of the above analogues include the formation of sludge at the beginning of the stage of freezing water. The formation of sludge in these devices is due to the fact that the conditions of water cooling (insufficient specific heat removal capacity, as a result of which the temperature is close to uniform throughout

- 1 017783 water volume due to its thermal conductivity) allow to achieve a negative temperature of the liquid phase (supercooled state of water). During the formation of a sludge, the temperature of the system rises abruptly to 0 ° С, while ice crystals (sludge) are formed throughout the entire volume of supercooled water, then the process of ice freezing proceeds at a temperature of 0 ° С. The magnitude of the supercooling of water in these devices reaches 0.5-1.0 K. The appearance of a sludge adversely affects the quality of ice cleaning due to the fact that the sludge forms cavities whose walls prevent the removal of impurities from the freezing water located in these cavities.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to reduce the time and improve the quality of water purification by ensuring the movement of purified water (for example, due to rotational motion) relative to the surface of frozen ice on the walls of the tank, as a result of which air bubbles are removed from the ice surface by a stream of water with impurities sorbed on them, the intensity of heat transfer and removal of impurities dissolved in water from the phase boundary also increases.

The specified technical result is achieved in that the apparatus for water purification, including a working tank, means for freezing water and melting ice, located around the working tank, a thermostatic casing installed around the working tank with means for freezing and melting ice, and a unit for draining and contaminated water, according to the invention, is equipped with a mechanism for mixing water in the working tank during freezing, located outside or inside the working tank.

In one embodiment, the mechanism for mixing water in a working vessel contains a pump located outside the working vessel, the suction and discharge nozzles of which or one of these nozzles are connected tangentially to the working vessel.

In another embodiment, a mechanism for mixing water in a working vessel comprises a mixer located in the vessel and provided with a drive for its rotation mounted outside the vessel.

A decrease in the concentration of dissolved impurities and gases at the crystallization front (phase boundary) is ensured by equalizing it over the entire volume of water due to mixing, which allows the use of more efficient means of freezing without loss of quality of water treatment. Additionally, the use of more efficient means of freezing such that provide a temperature difference between the water (between the water near the vessel wall and the water in the center of the vessel) when it is cooled at least 5 K (for this unit), eliminates the formation of sludge (the pump is turned on after initial ice, because otherwise the conditions for the formation of sludge are created due to a decrease in the water temperature difference due to mixing).

The drawings show the following graphic materials.

In FIG. 1 shows a basic diagram of a water purifier.

In FIG. 2 shows the second option for connecting the suction and pressure pipes of the mechanism for mixing water in the tank.

In FIG. 3 - the same, third option.

In FIG. 4 - the same, fourth option.

In FIG. 5 and 6 are the same, fifth option.

In FIG. 7 shows a second embodiment of a mechanism for mixing water in a tank in the form of a magnetic stirrer.

The water purification apparatus includes a thermostated casing 1, a working container 2 located in a thermostated casing 1, means for freezing water with an evaporator 3, made in the form of a coil from a copper tube, means for melting ice with a heater 4, made in the form of a heating element, and node 5 for draining purified and contaminated water. The evaporator 3 and the heater 4 are located outside around the side wall 6 of the tank 2. Thermostatic casing 1 is installed around the working tank 2 with the evaporator 3 and the heater 4.

The apparatus is equipped with an electronic control unit 7 for freezing water, melting ice, draining water and stirring water in a container 2 connected to electric valves 8 and 9 of unit 5 for draining purified and contaminated water, respectively, and controls the means for freezing water and melting ice according to the program algorithm.

The node 5 is equipped with a tank 10 for draining purified water and a tank 11 for draining contaminated water. The evaporator tube 3 with freon means for freezing water is hydraulically connected to a capillary 12, a filter dryer 13, a condenser 14, a compressor 15 and a liquid refrigerant accumulator 16. The electronic control unit 7 is equipped with sensors 17 (for indirect determination of water temperature) and 18 (for monitoring cooling capacity) of temperature, respectively installed outside the bottom of the tank 2 and its wall 6.

The electronic control unit 7 is designed to implement the algorithm of the program for the preparation of melt water, has an interface for dialogue with the consumer, and controls the compressor 15 and the heater 4 by timer, taking into account the temperatures of the sensors 17 and 18.

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The liquid refrigerant storage battery 16 on the suction side is designed to store the excess part of the refrigerant and protect the compressor from water hammer while reducing the refrigeration capacity on the evaporator during the refrigeration cycle operation cycle.

In addition, the apparatus is equipped with a mechanism for mixing water in the working tank 2 during freezing, located outside or inside the working tank 2.

In the main embodiment, the mechanism for moving water in the working tank 2 contains a pump 19 connected to the electronic control unit 7 and located outside the working tank 2, the suction pipe 20 of which is connected to the axial drain hole 21 of the tank 2 (Fig. 1). The discharge pipe 22 of the pump 19 is connected to the working tank 2 tangentially.

In the second embodiment (Fig. 2), the suction pipe 23 and the discharge pipe 24 are connected tangentially on both sides of the side wall 6 of the container 2, and clean water is drained through the axial drain hole 21 of the container 2.

In the third embodiment (Fig. 3), the suction pipe 23 and the discharge pipe 24 are connected tangentially to the bottom of the tank 2 on both sides of it, and clean water is drained through the axial drain hole 21.

In the fourth embodiment (Fig. 4), the suction pipe 23 is connected tangentially to the side wall 6 of the container 2, and the discharge pipe 24 is tangentially connected to its bottom. Drain clean water through the axial drain hole 21.

In the fifth embodiment (Figs. 5 and 6), the suction pipe 23 and the discharge pipe 24 are connected tangentially on one side of the side wall 6 of the container 2 at different heights, and clean water is drained through the axial drain hole 21 of the container 2.

In another embodiment, the mechanism for mixing water in the working tank 2 (Fig. 7) contains a stirrer 25 located in the tank 2 with a discharge pipe 26 on the axis 27 and equipped with, for example, a magnetic drive 28 for its rotation mounted outside the tank 2. In addition , the organization of the movement of water in the working tank 2 can be carried out by a combination of the above mixing means with one or more discharge and suction nozzles, as well as with the simultaneous use of a mixer.

Apparatus for water purification works as follows. The working tank 2 is filled with water, pre-filtered from solids, and include a control unit 7. Automatically, the control unit 7 turns on the compressor 15. A gradual cooling of the water occurs through the evaporator 3 in the tank 2 through the side wall 6 (stainless steel) with its subsequent freezing. After the formation of a thin layer of ice on the inner surface of the container 2, the control unit 7 includes a pump 19 (Fig. 1) or a drive 28 of the mixer 25 (Fig. 7), and the water in the container 2 begins to move relative to the surface of the frozen ice and mix in the volume, which contributes to its more rapid cooling and an increase in the thickness of the pure and transparent layer of ice. When water moves from the surface of the frozen ice layer, air bubbles and particles of impurities adsorbed on them are removed. The freezing process with the formation of pure wall ice lasts about 2.0-2.5 hours and is controlled by temperature sensors 17 and 18, the data from which are sent to the electronic control unit 7. As a result of such an artificially created process, a gradually growing and ordered layer (ring) of the wall and free from salts and other impurities (pure and transparent) ice is formed on the inner wall 6 of the container 2. The impurities contained in the water are pushed out by a growing layer of crystals from the wall of the tank 2 to its central part, where an increase in the concentration of salts begins in the water (brine accumulates).

After the freezing of water, the control unit 7 includes an electric valve 9 and non-frozen contaminated water, i.e. water with a high content of salts (brine) is discharged into a tank 11. Next, the control unit 7 turns off the means for freezing water with an evaporator 3 and turns on the means for melting ice with a heater 4. In this case, pure ice melts. After complete melting of the ice, which is carried out in 2.5-3.0 hours, the control unit 7 turns on the electric valve 8 and the clean water is discharged into the tank 10. The full cycle for obtaining melt water is 4.5-5.5 hours.

Product Specifications

1. The volume of the poured water is 1.5-2.0 liters.

2. The amount of melt water received is 1.0-1.3 liters.

3. The time of freezing water 2.0-2.5 hours

4. Ice melting time 2.5-3.0 hours

5. Maximum power consumption of 150 watts.

6. The average power consumption when preparing 1 liter of melt water is 120 watts.

7. Installation dimensions no more than 430x380x260 mm.

Thus, compared with the prototype, the claimed invention provides a reduction in the time of water purification by at least 25-30%. In addition, compared with the prototype significantly reduced the content of organic and inorganic impurities.

Claims (1)

CLAIM A device for water purification, including a working capacity, means for freezing water and melting ice, located around the working capacity, a thermostatted casing installed around the working capacity with means for freezing and melting ice, and a unit for draining purified and polluted water, characterized in that it is equipped with a mechanism for mixing water in the working tank during freezing, containing a pump located outside the working tank, the suction and delivery nozzles of which or one of the above Tubes are connected to the working vessel tangentially.