RU2788566C1 - Heat-exchange tank and device for water purification by recrystallization method, using it - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: water purification.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for water purification by a recrystallization method, improving its biological properties by removal of organic and inorganic substances and gases soluble in it; it can be used in everyday life, food industry, and medicine. Heat-exchange tank (1) is made of thermally conductive material in the form of a truncated hollow cone vertically oriented with a bell upwards and having convex cover (2) on top and drain branch pipe (4) in bottom (3), and it contains tubular evaporator (6) for cooling and heating of walls of specified tank (1), located in in the form of a spiral around its outer conical surface, and layer (8) of heat-insulating material, located around tubular evaporator (6). Tank (1) is equipped with two mirror reflecting films and gas-vortex activator (9) with its rotation drive made in the form of a blade wheel horizontally located on a vertical shaft under cover (2) of tank (1) and attached to specified cover (2). Bottom (3) of heat-exchange tank (1) has no heat insulation, and it is made stepwise in the form of a series of coaxially arranged hollow cylindrical sleeve (10) and conical element (11) docked with drain branch pipe (4). The device contains heat-exchange tank (1) with gas-vortex activator (9), a thermal sensor, and tubular evaporator (6) for cooling and heating of specified tank (1), and a thermostatically controlled storage tank for purified meltwater with a water level sensor, a thermal sensor, a tubular evaporator for maintenance of purified meltwater at a temperature of 10-12°C, and a tap for supply of purified meltwater to consumer containers, a removable tank for collection of a liquid concentrate of impurities with a strain gauge, a means for cooling, freezing of water and melting of ice, made in the form of a refrigeration-compressor unit and connected, by pipelines (36, 37), to evaporator (6) of tank (1) and, by means of pipelines (38, 39), to evaporator (15) of tank (14), a microprocessor control unit with a power supply source, connected to a control monitor, the first control board, and the second control board. Tank (1) is connected through an electric valve, by means of a water pipeline, to the tank, and through an electric valve, by means of a water pipeline, to a removable tank. The tank and the removable tank are located under tank (1). The first control board is connected by electrical wires to gas-vortex activator (9) and the thermal sensor of tank (1), electric valves, the water level sensor, the thermal sensor of the tank, and the strain gauge of the removable tank. The second control board is connected by electrical wires to the compressor, a capacitor fan, and electric valves of the refrigeration unit of the means for cooling, freezing of water and melting of ice.

EFFECT: invention provides an increase in the quality of purification and a reduction in time of preparation of purified melt water.

3 cl, 3 tbl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for water purification by recrystallization, which improves its biological properties by removing organic and inorganic substances and gases soluble in it, and can be used in everyday life, food industry and medicine.

Purification of water by recrystallization consists in freezing it at a temperature slightly below zero degrees Celsius (for example, from -2 to -6 ° C) with the formation of ice crystals from which, at the boundary of the crystallization front, most of the impurities are displaced in the form of a liquid concentrate of organic and inorganic impurities, which does not freeze at the specified temperatures due to the increased salt content. The liquid concentrate of impurities is removed, and a pure ingot of ice crystals is melted at a positive temperature to obtain purified melt water.

A water purifier is known for producing melted drinking water, which includes a zone for freezing water with an annular freezer, a zone for displacing impurities from the ice front and concentrating impurities in the form of brine and a zone for the transition of water from a solid state to a liquid state with an annular heating element ( RF patent No. 2312817, IPC C02F 1/22, published on December 20, 2007). The water purifier has separate pipes for removing impurities in the form of brine and melted drinking water, located in the lower part of the vessel, and is additionally equipped with a drive device for moving the frozen water rod, mounted behind the freezer and a disconnecting device located in the center of the frozen water rod and made in the form of a pipe . The disconnecting device has an annular cutting part at the inlet, and an expanding profile at the outlet, forming an outlet pipe for removing impurities in the form of brine.

A water purifier is known for producing melted drinking water on an industrial scale from sea water, which includes a water freezing zone with an annular freezing chamber, a zone for displacement of impurities from the ice front and concentration of impurities in the form of brine, and a zone for the transition of water from a solid state to liquid with an annular heating element, separate nozzles for removing impurities in the form of brine and melted drinking water, located in the lower part of the vessel (French Patent No. 2858607, IPC C02F 1/22, publ. 11.02.2005).

However, the above analogues provide insufficient quality of water purification, it is difficult to design and do not have an optimally matched geometry of the heat exchange tank.

A water treatment plant is known (RF Patent No. 2274607, IPC C02F 1/22, publ. 20.04.2006), containing a container for untreated water, a heat exchanger installed in the container for removing heat and freezing ice, means for heating and thawing ice, a freezing unit with its cooling system, a pipeline with a valve for draining water with impurities, a pipeline with a valve for draining melt water, characterized in that the heat exchanger is made in the form of a multi-stage coil located in the upper part of the tank at a height of approximately 1/3÷2/3 the height of the container at a distance of 2÷5 cm relative to the upper base of the container and symmetrically with respect to its side surface with a gap that provides the possibility of volumetric freezing of ice in water around the coil to a size that does not overlap this gap during ice crystallization, the container is equipped with a thermally insulating cover and a seal, a pipeline for drain of water with impurities is installed in the very section of the conical bottom of the tank, the pipeline for draining the water layer is installed at the bottom above the conical bottom of the tank by 0.5÷2 cm.

The closest analogue (prototype) of a heat exchange tank for water purification by recrystallization is a heat exchange tank for water purification by recrystallization, made of a thermally conductive material and having a drain pipe in the bottom and thermoelements located on its outer surface for cooling and heating the walls of the tank (patent EA 025716, IPC C02F 1/22, published 01/30/2017). The heat exchange vessel is made in the form of a truncated hollow cone vertically oriented with the socket upwards and has a lid and an insert attached to the lid and made in the form of a truncated cone and located inside the vessel with a gap relative to its walls and bottom to form an annular slotted cavity. Outside, the surface of the container is covered with a layer of heat-insulating material.

The closest analogue of a device for water purification by recrystallization is an apparatus for water purification by recrystallization, including a thermostatically controlled heat-exchange tank for water purification, made of a thermally conductive material, a means for filtering and supplying source water for purification from a water supply system, connected by a pipeline to a heat-exchange container for water purification , a means for draining purified water and a means for draining a liquid concentrate of organic and inorganic impurities, connected by pipelines to the heat exchange tank, means for freezing water and melting ice with cooling and heating thermoelements that are in contact with the thermally conductive wall of the heat exchange tank from the outside, an electronic unit apparatus control, connected to the means for freezing water and melting ice and electric drives; means for filtering and supplying source water for purification, means for draining purified water and means for draining liquid impurity concentrate (patent EA 023946, IPC C02F 1/22, publ. July 29, 2016). The device is equipped with a thermostatically controlled storage tank for purified water, a means for supplying purified water to the container to the consumer and a means for draining unused purified water connected to a thermostatically controlled storage tank, and the device for draining purified water from the heat exchange tank is connected to a thermostated storage tank, and the heat exchange tank for water treatment is made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with a flat slotted inner cavity formed between two opposite walls of the specified container.

However, the design of the heat-exchange capacity of the device for water treatment is such that when the annular conical ice ingot melts, its contact with the inner surface of the heat-exchange capacity is not tight enough, because the specified annular ingot of ice in the process of melting is shifted down and abuts the lower end against the bottom of the heat exchange tank. At the same time, as the ice melts, the air gap between the container wall and the ice surface increases, which significantly lengthens the cycle for obtaining purified melt water. In addition, the process of water purification during its freezing and crystallization proceeds only in a stationary mode (without water mixing), which does not allow to significantly reduce the water purification cycle, improve the quality of its purification and increase the yield of the final product.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to improve the quality of purification, reduce the time for preparing purified melt water and increase the yield of the finished product by enabling the process of freezing (crystallization) of water in dynamic mode with vortex mixing of the purified water and increasing the contact of the annular conical ingot of ice "B" with the inner surface of the heat exchange vessel in the process of its melting due to the unhindered downward movement of the ice ingot "B" along the inner conical surface of the heat exchange vessel under the action of its own weight.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in a heat exchange tank for water purification by the recrystallization method, made of a thermally conductive material in the form of a truncated hollow cone, vertically oriented with a socket upwards and having a lid on top, and a drain pipe from the bottom in the bottom, and containing a tubular evaporator for cooling or heating the walls of the specified container, located in the form of a spiral around its outer side conical surface and a layer of heat-insulating material located around the tubular evaporator, according to the invention, the heat exchange container is equipped with two mirror reflective films, one of which is located between the side conical wall of the heat exchange container and the tubular evaporator, and the second - between the tubular evaporator and a layer of heat-insulating material, a gas-vortex activator with a drive for its rotation, made in the form of a paddle wheel horizontally located on a vertical shaft under the cover of the heat exchange tank, and attached to said cover; the cover of the heat exchange tank is made convex with the formation of a gas cavity "B" inside for the formation of a circulating tangential vortex air movement with axial counterflow over the surface of the treated water; the bottom of the heat exchange tank has no thermal insulation and is made stepped in the form of successively coaxially arranged hollow cylindrical sleeve and a conical element docked with a drain pipe.

The gas-vortex activator is made removable in the form of a diagonal fan, and the mirror reflective films are made of aluminum.

The specified technical result is also achieved by creating an apparatus for water purification by the method of recrystallization, containing a thermostated heat exchange tank according to claim 1 with a gas-vortex activator, a temperature sensor and a tubular evaporator for cooling and heating the specified heat exchange tank and a thermostated storage tank for purified melt water with a water level sensor, a temperature sensor , a tubular evaporator for maintaining purified melt water at a temperature of +10 - 12 ° C and a tap for supplying purified melt water to consumer packaging, a removable tank for collecting liquid concentrate of impurities with a strain gauge, a means for cooling, freezing water and melting ice, made in the form refrigeration compressor unit and connected by pipelines to the evaporator of the heat exchange tank and to the evaporator of the storage tank, a microprocessor control unit with a power source connected to the control monitor, the first control board and the second control board, and the heat exchanger the changeable container is connected through an electrovalve by means of a water pipeline with a storage tank, and through another electrovalve - through a water pipeline with a removable tank for receiving a liquid concentrate of impurities; the storage tank and the removable tank for receiving the liquid concentrate of impurities are located under the heat-exchange tank to ensure that water is drained through water pipes from top to bottom under the action of gravity. Moreover, the first control board is connected by electric wires to the drive of the gas-vortex activator and the temperature sensor of the heat exchange tank, the electrovalves for draining the purified water and the liquid concentrate of impurities, respectively, the water level sensor and the temperature sensor of the storage tank and the strain gauge of the removable tank, and the second control board is connected by electric wires to the compressor, condenser fan and solenoid valves of the refrigeration unit means for cooling, freezing water and melting ice.

The invention is illustrated by the following graphics. Figure 1 shows a diagram of a heat exchange tank with a removable gas-vortex activator for the vortex circulating movement of water during its cooling and crystallization. Figure 2 shows an enlarged fragment "A" section of the wall of the heat exchange tank. Figure 3 shows a diagram of the apparatus for water purification by recrystallization using a heat exchange tank with a gas-vortex activator.

The heat exchange tank 1 for water purification by recrystallization is made of a thermally conductive material in the form of a truncated hollow cone, vertically oriented with a socket upwards and having a convex cover 2 on top and a drain pipe 4 on the bottom in the bottom 3. Outside, around the side conical surface of the tank 1, there is the first aluminum mirror reflecting film 5 for uniform distribution of thermal energy over the surface of the container 1. On top of the first film 5, a tubular evaporator 6 is placed in the form of a spiral for cooling or heating the specified container 1. The evaporator 6 is covered on top with a second aluminum mirror reflective film 7 and a layer 8 of thermal insulating material for temperature control of the container 1 (figure 2). The heat exchange tank 1 is equipped with a gas-vortex activator 9, made in the form of a paddle wheel, horizontally located on a vertical shaft under a convex cover 2 in the tank 1, attached to said cover 2 and having a rotation drive (not shown in the drawings). Gas-vortex activator 9 can be made removable in the form of a diagonal fan (figure 1). The bottom 3 of the tank 1 has no thermal insulation and is in contact with the environment to form a “thermal window” that prevents ice from freezing on the bottom 3 and the drain pipe 4. In addition, the bottom 3 of the heat exchange tank 1 is made stepped in the form of successively coaxially arranged hollow cylindrical sleeves 10 and conical element 11 docked with the drain pipe 4. Cylindrical sleeve 10, in contact with the environment at room temperature, prevents the growth of the annular ingot "B" in the zone of the stepped bottom 3 and increases the contact of the specified ingot "B" of ice with the inner surface of the heat exchange vessel 1 in the process its melting by ensuring the unimpeded movement of the ice ingot "B" along the inner conical surface of the heat exchange vessel 1 under the action of its own weight, which significantly reduces the time of ice melting.

From the inside, the heat exchange tank 1 is covered with a Teflon film 12 (figure 2). Under the convex cover 2 in the gas cavity "B" of the tank 1, the gas-vortex activator 9 provides the formation of a tangential vortex air movement with axial counterflow over the surface of the treated water during its cooling and freezing. Due to the forces of friction at the boundary of two "air-liquid" phases, a similar vortex motion is formed in the purified water, which ensures cooling and freezing of water in a state of vortex circulating motion (dynamic crystallization), which reduces the cooling and crystallization time of water and increases the degree of water purification.

The device for water purification by the method of recrystallization contains the above-described temperature-controlled heat exchange tank 1 (figure 1), a means 13 made in the form of a refrigeration compressor unit for cooling, freezing water and melting ice in the specified tank 1, a temperature-controlled storage tank 14 for purified water with a tubular evaporator 15 located around said container 14, a removable tank 16 for collecting a liquid concentrate of impurities ("brine"), a microprocessor control unit 17 with a power source, a control monitor 18 (display), the first control board 19 and the second control board 20. The tank 14 is located under the tank 1, and the removable tank 16 is located below the tank 14, which ensures the movement of water through pipelines from top to bottom without the use of pumps under the action of gravity.

The means 13 for freezing water and melting ice contains a compressor 21 and a condenser 22 of a refrigeration unit with a fan, a main throttle assembly 23, a "buffer" throttle assembly 24, an auxiliary throttle assembly 25 for defrosting and solenoid valves 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33 (solenoid valves) and filter drier 34, which are connected by pipelines 35 into a single refrigeration-compressor circuit, as shown in Fig.3. The refrigeration-compressor circuit of the means 13 is connected by pipelines 36 and 37 with a tubular evaporator 6 of the container 1, and by pipelines 38 and 39 - with a tubular evaporator 15 of the storage tank 14.

The thermostatically controlled heat exchange tank 1 for water purification contains a temperature sensor 40 and is connected through an electrovalve 41 by means of a water pipe 42 with a thermostatically controlled storage tank 14 for receiving and dispensing purified water, and through an electrovalve 43, the tank 1 is connected through a water pipe 44 to a removable tank 16 for collecting a liquid concentrate of impurities. The storage tank 14 contains a water level sensor 45 and a temperature sensor 46, and a water pipe 47 is connected to its bottom from below, having a mechanical tap 48 for supplying purified melt water to the consumer's container 49. Removable tank 16 for collecting liquid concentrate of impurities is equipped with a strain gauge 50 (weight sensor) to control the level of liquid concentrate of impurities in it, installed from the side of the bottom of said tank 16.

The microprocessor control unit 17 is connected by electrical wires 51 to the control monitor 18, the first control board 19 and the second control board 20. The second control board 20 is connected by electrical wires 52 to all controlled electrical elements of the refrigeration circuit: compressor 21 and condenser 22 of the refrigeration unit, solenoid valves 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33 (solenoid valves). The first control board 19 is connected by electrical wires 53 to the solenoid valves 41, 43 and to all of the following controlled electrical elements:

- container 1: temperature sensor 40, gas-vortex activator drive 9 and LED 54;

- containers 14: water level sensor 45 and temperature sensor 46;

- removable tank 16: load cell 50 and LED 55.

LEDs 54 and 55 are designed to illuminate tanks 1 and 16, respectively, during water purification.

Description of the operation of the claimed heat exchanger 1.

In the heat exchange tank 1 is filled, for example, 4 liters of source water (tap, or artesian, or bottled). All processes: cooling, crystallization of water and melting of ice by heating are carried out outside the container 1 by means of a tubular evaporator 6 in contact with its thermally conductive wall in automatic mode by means of a microprocessor unit 17, the first 19 and the second 20 control boards and the algorithm (program) for the sequence of operations for water purification .

On the control monitor 18, the consumer selects the operating mode of the heat exchange tank 1: "Register 1" - cooling and freezing (recrystallization) of water without mixing the treated water (static cleaning mode), where only natural convection flows are involved during frontal freezing of water or "Register 2" - cooling and freezing of water while mixing the purified water (dynamic mode of water purification).

When purifying water in the heat-exchange tank 1 in the static mode ("Register 1"), the microprocessor unit 17 turns on the compressor 21 of the refrigeration unit through the second control board 20 to the cooling mode of the tubular evaporator 6, as a result of which gradual cooling and freezing of water through the thermally conductive wall of the tank 1 occurs. The freezing process with the formation of pure near-wall ice is controlled by a temperature sensor 40, the data from which is fed to the microprocessor control unit 17. Using the specified temperature sensor 40 attached to the surface of the tank 1, the time of the water crystallization cycle is calculated in automatic mode by software from the moment of its phase transition, determined by a spontaneous increase in the water temperature in the tank 1 by at least 0.5°C. The temperature of the water inside the tank 1 during the crystallization of water is reduced to a value not lower than -4.0÷-5.0°C (the temperature is higher than the crystallization temperature of the liquid concentrate of impurities with the rate of change in the temperature of the medium in the working tank 1 equal, for example, to the range of 0.05 -0.1°C/min.

In the course of time (about 180 min), complete crystallization of pure water is achieved in the form of an annular layer "B" of near-wall ice near the wall, where the tubular evaporator 6 is located and the formation of a liquid concentrate (brine) with organic and inorganic impurities. Within a few minutes, a liquid concentrate of impurities with a volume of up to 1900 ml is poured into a removable tank 16 when the solenoid valve 43 is turned on (opened). The temperature of the wall of the container 1, when the ice melts until it is completely melted after draining the concentrate of impurities, is increased to a value of +10÷+15°C. The melting of the ice mass is carried out for about 90 minutes until it is completely defrosted. The full cycle of obtaining the finished product in the form of purified melt water is about 360 minutes. The content of pure melt water is about 52.5 vol. % of its original volume with a decrease in the total content of inorganic impurities by at least 1.8 times.

A more detailed description of the technological phases (F1-F9) of one cycle of raw water treatment by the recrystallization method with the production of one portion of purified melt water in "Register 1" is presented in comparative table 1.

Table 2 shows the indicators of water purification using the capacity of 1 apparatus in the "Register 1" mode.

When purifying water in the heat exchange tank 1 in dynamic mode (“Register 2”), simultaneously the microprocessor unit 17 switches on the gas-vortex activator 9 in the tank 1 through the first control board 19 and through the second control board 20 the compressor 21 of the refrigeration unit to the cooling mode of the tubular evaporator 6.

When the impeller of the gas-vortex activator 9 rotates above the surface of the water to be purified, a vacuum is created in the axial zone of the container 1 and an increased pressure on the periphery of this container 1. Under the action of the pressure difference between the periphery and the axial zone of the gas cavity "B" under the convex cover 2 of the container 1 above the water surface a swirling air flow is formed with a potential vortex velocity field at the periphery of the tank and an axial countercurrent in the axial zone, which generates a similar rotational movement in the water with intensive mixing along the axis of the tank 1 (figure 1). At the same time, water is cooled through the thermally conductive wall of container 1. Water in container 1 begins to move relative to the surface of the frozen ice and mix in volume, which contributes to its faster cooling and an increase in the thickness of a clean and transparent ice layer. With the orderly movement of water, air bubbles and particles of impurities adsorbed on them are removed from the surface of the frozen layer of ice, which increases the degree of purification of water from impurities. The freezing process with the formation of pure near-wall ice is controlled by a temperature sensor 40, the data from which is fed to the microprocessor control unit 17. Using the specified temperature sensor 40 attached to the surface of the tank 1, the time of the water crystallization cycle is calculated in automatic mode by software from the moment of its phase transition, determined by a spontaneous increase in the water temperature in the tank 1 by at least 0.5°C. The temperature of the water inside the tank 1 during the crystallization of water is reduced to a value not lower than -4.0÷-5.0°C (the temperature is higher than the crystallization temperature of the liquid concentrate with organic and inorganic impurities with the rate of change in the temperature of the medium in the working tank 1 equal, for example, to the interval values 0.1-0.3°C/min.

In the course of time (about 115 min), complete crystallization of pure water is achieved in the form of an annular layer "B" of near-wall ice near the wall, where the tubular evaporator 6 is located and the formation of a liquid concentrate (brine) with organic and inorganic impurities in the central part of the tank 1.

Cylindrical sleeve 10 with a conical element 11 without thermal insulation contact with the environment at room temperature and form a "thermal window", prevent the growth of the conical annular layer "B" of ice in the zone of the stepped bottom 3 and provide an increase in the contact of the specified layer "B" of ice with the inner surface of the heat exchanger tank 1 in the process of its melting due to the unimpeded movement down of the ice ingot "B" along the inner conical surface of the heat exchange tank under the action of its own weight, which significantly reduces the time of ice melting.

Aluminum mirror reflective film 5 ensures uniform distribution of thermal energy over the surface of the container 1, prevents the formation of centers of salt nebulae and a more uniform distribution of salts at the crystallization front.

Within a few minutes, a liquid concentrate of impurities with a volume of up to 1500 ml is poured into a removable tank 16 when the solenoid valve 43 is turned on (opened). The temperature of the wall of the container 1, when the ice melts until it is completely melted after draining the concentrate of impurities, is increased to a value of +10°C. The melting of the ice mass is about 105 min until it is completely thawed.

After melting the ice, the purified melt water is drained into a thermostatically controlled consumer container 14 by automatically turning on the solenoid valve 41. The complete cycle for obtaining the finished product in the form of purified melt water does not exceed 270 minutes. The content of pure melt water is at least 62.5 vol.% of its original volume with a decrease in the total content of inorganic impurities by at least 4.8 times.

A more detailed description of the technological phases (F1-F9) of one cycle of source water treatment by the recrystallization method with the production of one portion of purified melt water in "Register 2" is presented in comparative table 1.

Table 3 shows the indicators of water purification using the capacity of 1 apparatus in the "Register 2" mode.

Note: explanations for the individual phases of the cycle:

F5 - After-cooling of a "dry" ice ingot is performed in order to further reduce the temperature of the ingot to a temperature from -10 to -15 ° C with less energy to improve the quality of molecular (crystalline) bonds and increase the quantitative parameters of the electrochemical parameters of melt water obtained from the pre-cooled ingot .

F6 - Refinement of the ice ingot. The first portion of the "wall defrosting" and the outer layer of the ingot is melted and drained into a removable tank for a liquid concentrate of impurities ("brine"). The volume of the separated fraction ("focal film") is up to 7% of the total mass of the ice ingot, which is formed at the crystallization front in the first place. This is the zone of maximum (basic) concentration of deuterium (D2O) and heavy oxygen O ¹⁸ .

F7 - ingot melting or cupellation. An ingot of ice melts without overheating the resulting melt water in the mode from 0°С to +10°С. After the completion of the ingot melting process, freshly prepared melt water passes the F8 thermal stabilization mode and enters a special thermostatically controlled storage tank (buffer) for storage. F8 - storage mode (thermal stabilization) is carried out at a temperature of +10°C to +12°C. Further, from the storage mode, melt water is already supplied directly to the consumer.

Note:

- the thickness of layer "B" of a pure layer of ice is 18-19 mm;

- chemical elements are indicated in concentration mg/l;

- average coefficient K of cleaning is 1.802;

the average coefficient of change of electrochemical parameters is 1.25.

Note:

- the thickness of the layer "B" of a pure layer of ice is 21-22 mm;

- chemical elements are indicated in concentration mg/l;

- average coefficient K of cleaning is 4.79;

- the average coefficient of change of electrochemical parameters is 2.85.

Apparatus for water purification by recrystallization using the proposed heat exchange capacity works as follows.

The device is connected to the electrical network. The electronic microprocessor control unit 17 is activated, the first control board 19, the second control board 20 and the control monitor 18. LEDs 54 and 55 are turned on to illuminate containers 1 and 14, respectively.

The user fills in the source water for cleaning (tap, or artesian, or bottled) in the heat exchange tank 1 in an amount of, for example, 4 liters.

On the control monitor 18 selects "Register 1" - the mode of static freezing without the use of gas vortex activator 9 or "Register 2" - the dynamic freezing mode using gas vortex activator 9.

Example 1. Description of the operation of the apparatus in the water purification mode without mixing it in the heat exchange tank 1 (static purification mode, “Register 1”), where only natural convection flows are involved during frontal freezing of water.

The user starts the processing cycle by pressing the "Start" button and selecting on the monitor 18 the inscription "Register 1".

The first control board 19 includes a temperature sensor 40 in the tank 1, opens the solenoid valve 43 at the initial stage of each cycle to flush the water pipe 44 and discharge water into the removable tank 16. After washing the water pipe 44, the solenoid valve 21 closes and the strain gauge 50 of the tank 16 is activated to control it level of liquid concentrate of impurities.

The second control board 20 turns on the circuit of the refrigeration unit means 13 in the cooling mode of the tubular evaporator 6 (Fig. 1) located on the outer wall of the heat exchange tank 1. The coolant compressed by the compressor 21 in the form of hot steam with high pressure passes through the pipeline 35 (Fig. 3) through the open valve 26 to the condenser 22, where it cools and condenses, turning into a high-pressure liquid.

In this case, the throttle 25 is not involved in the work, because the pressure loss in it is much higher and valve 31 is closed. Valves 30, 29 and 32 are also closed. (Fig. 3).

After the condenser 22, the high-pressure liquid refrigerant passes through the pipeline 35, then freely through the open valve 27, the filter-drier 34 enters the throttle 23, where the pressure of the liquid heat carrier (refrigerant) decreases and enters at low pressure through the pipeline 36 into the tubular evaporator 6 of the heat exchanger tanks 1. In the tubular evaporator 6, the refrigerant boils, evaporates and absorbs heat, cooling and freezing the water in the heat exchange tank 1 at a boiling point in the cooling and freezing mode of -15°C.

Further along the pipeline 37, the refrigerant in the form of low-pressure vapor passes through the open valve 28 into the pipeline 35, and then returns to the compressor 21 (Fig. 3). In this case, the valves 33, 31 are closed.

At this stage of the water preparation (purification) cycle, the refrigeration unit provides successively several phases of changing its state (Table 1):

- F1 - cooling of the initial volume of the liquid solution.

- F2 - phase transition (focal formations of sludge).

- F3 - freezing (formation of a front-annular conical ingot on the side surface of the working container 1.

The first control board 19 with the help of temperature sensor 40 controls the temperature dynamics: in phase F1 up to a phase transition temperature of 0°C; fixes the time of the onset of phase F2 and the difference in the temperature jump (ejection) of thermal energy in phase F2. The microprocessor unit 17 processes data on the initial temperature of the initial aqueous solution, the time index (duration) of the F1 phase, the time index and size AT of the temperature in the F2 phase; and accordingly, with the help of the second control board 20 controls the speed of the compressor (21); frequency of rotation (heat removal) of the impeller of the condenser fan 22 and then the microprocessor unit 17 starts the phase of the FZ of water treatment (Table 1).

In phase F3, the process of ice formation occurs at a temperature of -4° to -5°C in the direction from the side walls of the heat exchange tank 1 to the center (figure 1). In the central part (axial zone) of the container 1, the formation of a liquid concentrate of impurities, the so-called formation of "brine" - water with a high content of salts and various organic and inorganic contaminants, is observed. In accordance with well-known data, the freezing point of this "brine" is from -7° to -10°C. At the same time, the thickness of the frontal cleaned ice ingot in the container 1 is 18-19 mm. (Table 2).

To maintain the achieved purity of the ice (without reaching the moment of crystallization of the "brine" volume), the microprocessor unit 17, using the first control board 19, starts the next phase of the cycle F4 of water purification (Table 2). In phase F4, the first control board 19 opens the solenoid valve 43 and the liquid concentrate is drained through the water pipe 44 into the removable tank 16. After draining the liquid concentrate, the solenoid valve 43 closes. At the same time, the strain gauge 50 records the weight of the incoming portion of the liquid concentrate in the removable tank 16 and transmits the data through the first control board 19 to the microprocessor unit 17, which processes the data: % of the liquid concentrate output in this cycle, the remaining mass of pure ice and the temperature in the heat exchange tank 1, the thickness of the peeling of the ingot, the thickness of the ingot of the purified ice, the required power of the refrigeration circuit and other indicators, calculates the time and power of the supply of thermal energy in the next phase F5 of the processing of the purified ice (Table 1).

At phase F5, the refrigeration unit continues to operate in the mode described above - cooling of the heat exchange vessel 1. Phase F5 - additional cooling of the "dry" ice ingot "B" to a temperature of -10 ° to -15 ° C for 10 minutes to improve the quality of the crystal bonds of the ingot purified ice and improving the quantitative parameters of the electrochemical parameters of the final product (purified melt water) obtained from the pre-cooled ingot.

Next, the microprocessor unit 17 starts the phase F6 post-treatment of the ice ingot "B" (table 1). The first portion of the "wall" defrosting of the outer layer of the ice ingot "B" (Fig. 2) melts and drains through the solenoid valve 43 through the water pipe 44 into the removable tank 16. The volume of the separated fraction is 5-7% of the volume of the pure ice ingot. The microprocessor unit 17 determines this percentage parameter based on the data received from the strain gauge 50 of the tank 16 in phase F4 and, accordingly, instructs the first control board 19 to close the solenoid valve 43.

Phase F7 starts simultaneously with phase F6 (Table 1). At the F7 phase, the ingot is melted, and at the same time, at the F6 phase, the surface layer of the specified ice ingot "B" is further cleaned. When F6 and F7 are started, there are no aggressive hot flows on the surface of the heat exchange vessel 1 and during the final cleaning of the ice ingot and obtaining purified melt water in the 0°+10°C mode. Uniform distribution of energy over the surface of the heat exchange tank 1 is provided by aluminum mirror films 5 and 7, and is also controlled by the first 19 and second 20 boards through the temperature sensor 40 and the compressor 21. heating the tubular evaporator 6 of the heat exchange tank 1 (figure 3).

Compressed by the compressor 21, the refrigerant (heat carrier) in the form of high-pressure hot steam passes through the pipeline 35 and then through the open valve 30 into the tubular evaporator 6 of the container 1, where it gives off heat to the side walls of the container 1, thereby the refrigerant is cooled and condensed in the form of a liquid phase of high pressure. In this case, the valve 26 is closed, the main throttle assembly 23 is not involved in the work, because the pressure loss in it is much higher and the valve 27 is closed. Bypassing the tubular evaporator 6 of the container 1, the high-pressure liquid refrigerant passes unhindered through the pipeline 35 through the open valve 31 and enters the auxiliary throttle assembly 25 for defrost, where the pressure of the liquid refrigerant drops and it enters the condenser 22. In this mode, the condenser 22 of the refrigeration unit performs the function of an evaporator, where the refrigerant boils, evaporates and absorbs heat from the external environment. In this case, the valve 33 is closed. After the condenser 22, the low-pressure vapor refrigerant passes through the pipeline 35 through the open valve 32 and then returns to the compressor 22, where it is compressed, heated and fed to a new cycle of operation of the refrigeration circuit of the facility 13. In this case, the valves 27 and 29 are closed.

As a result of the operation of the refrigeration circuit of the means 13 in the heating mode of the tubular evaporator 6 in the tank 1 in phase F7, the temperature of pure ice (ingot) rises to a temperature of 0°C, at which the ingot melts to obtain purified melt water.

Phase F7 of melting pure ice is controlled by a temperature sensor 40 under the control of the first control board 19, taking into account the parametric volumetric indicators of the pure ice ingot, which were calculated by the microprocessor unit 17 in phase F4 using strain gauge 50. The temperature of the working zone in the tank 1 at the end of phase F7 reaches the range from +12° to +15°C, as a result of which F7 is completed by the calculation using the microprocessor unit 17.

Next, the microprocessor unit 17 includes phase F8 (table 1) thermal stabilization of the finished product, i.e. bringing it to the thermal regime of stable long-term storage in the range from +10° to +12°С. The second control board 20 turns on the circuit of the refrigeration unit of the means 13 into the mode of simultaneous cooling of the tank 1 and the tank 14. Since this described cycle is the first for the user, when the phase F8 starts, the microprocessor unit 17 sends a command to the second control board 20 to turn on the simultaneous cooling mode tanks 1 and 14 (during the first cooking cycle, the first prepared portion of melt water has not yet been stored in tank 14), then including the mode of simultaneous cooling of tanks 1 and 14, the microprocessor unit 17 prepares the required storage mode in the range from +10 ° to +12 °C for the prepared dose of melt water, which will be stored in tank 14 from tank 1 after phase F8 (Table 1).

The mode of simultaneous cooling of tanks 1 and 14. The coolant compressed by the compressor 21 in the form of high-pressure hot steam passes through the pipeline 35 through the open valve 26 to the condenser 22, where it is cooled and condensed, turning into a high-pressure liquid. The auxiliary throttle assembly 25 is not involved in the operation, since the pressure loss in it is much higher and valve 31 is closed. , where the pressure of the liquid coolant decreases.

At the same time, high-pressure liquid refrigerant from pipeline 38 enters through an open valve 29 into a buffer throttle assembly 24, where the pressure of the liquid heat carrier decreases and enters the tubular evaporator 15 of the tank 14 (Fig. 3). In the tubular evaporator 15, the liquid coolant boils, evaporates and absorbs heat, cooling the walls of the tank 14. Then the coolant flows back through the pipeline 35 to the compressor 21. The temperature sensor 46, controlled by the first control board 19, controls the temperature mode of storage in the buffer tank 14 in the range from +10 ° up to +12°С. Upon reaching the specified mode, the first control board 19 reports this to the microprocessor unit 17 and the second control board 20 closes the valve 29. Simultaneously with the above, the tank 1 is cooled. returns to the compressor 21.

Upon reaching the temperature regime up to the range from +10° to +12°C, the signal from the temperature sensor 40 goes to the first control board 19 and then through the microprocessor unit 17 the signal to the second control board 20, which closes the valves 26, 27 and 28 and turns off the compressor 21 .

The first cycle of obtaining purified melt water is completed. The first control board 19 opens the valve 41 and through the water pipe 42 the melt water is drained by gravity into a thermostated storage tank 14 for storage and consumption through the tap 48.

The microprocessor unit 17 informs the monitor 18 that the melt water is ready. The consumer through the tap 48 independently pours in portions or fully prepared volume of melt water into consumer packaging 49 (figure 3).

The microprocessor unit 17 informs the consumer on the monitor 18 that he can start the next cooking cycle. The consumer fills the original tap water into the heat exchange tank 1 to start the next cooking cycle. The microprocessor unit 17 through the monitor 18 reminds the consumer that in the tank 16 there is a portion of the utilized "brine" (liquid concentrate of impurities) and it must be cleaned.

The strain gauge 50 controls the level and, accordingly, the number of portions of the "brine" received in the removable tank 16. The first control board 19 allows the start of the water purification cycle to work when no more than 3 portions of the "brine" in the tank 16 are reached. The microprocessor unit 17 constantly reminds through the monitor 18 and through the light indication of the need to clean the tank 16 from portions of the "brine".

The user, following the instructions on the monitor 18, empties the tank 16 and starts the 2nd cooking cycle by pressing the "Start" button and selecting "Register 1" (Table 2) or "Register 2" (Table 3) on the monitor 18.

Further, the algorithm of operation described above in the cooling mode of tank 1 or in the mode of simultaneous cooling of tanks 1 and 14 prepares the next portion of melt water.

During the cycle of water purification by recrystallization at the onset (successively) of any phase F1-F9 (table 1), the first control board 19 controls the temperature of storage in the storage tank 14 with the help of the second control board 20 through the microprocessor unit 17 switches the refrigeration unit from the tank 1 cooling mode to the simultaneous cooling tanks 1 and 14 mode; from the mode of simultaneous cooling of tanks 1 and 14 to the cooling mode of tank 1 and then to the heating mode of tank 1.

At phase F6 and F7 (Table 1) of the water purification cycle, the refrigeration unit of the means 13 can switch to the mode of heating the tank 1 and cooling the storage tank 14 if a signal is sent from the temperature sensor 46 to the first control board 19 about the need to maintain the storage mode in the tank 14 temperature in the range from +10° to +12°С. In this case, the microprocessor unit 17 sends a signal to the second control board 20, which switches the refrigeration unit into the tank 1 heating mode and tank 14 cooling. 21, the refrigerant (heat carrier) in the form of high-pressure hot vapor passes through the pipeline through the open valve 30 into the tubular evaporator 6 of the container 1, where it gives off heat (cools) and condenses in the form of a high-pressure liquid phase. In this case, the valves 26, 40 are closed and the high-pressure liquid refrigerant passes freely through the pipeline through the open valve 31, enters the auxiliary throttle assembly 25, and then the pressure of the liquid refrigerant drops and it enters the condenser 22. At the same time, the valves 27 and 29 are closed. After the condenser 22, the low-pressure vapor refrigerant enters through the pipeline through the open valve 32 to the compressor 21, where it is compressed, heated and fed to a new cycle of operation. In the process of performing this cycle of work (figure 3), when the tank 1 is heated, the temperature sensor 46 can send a signal to the first control board 19 about the need to maintain the cooling and storage mode in the storage tank 14. In this case, the microprocessor unit 17 sends a signal to the second control board 20, which opens the valve 33 and part of the high-pressure liquid refrigerant from the tank 1 enters through the valve 33 into the buffer throttle assembly 24, after which the low-pressure liquid refrigerant enters the tubular evaporator 15 (figure 3) of the tank 14. In the tubular evaporator 15, the refrigerant boils , evaporates and absorbs heat, cooling the walls of the container 14, and flows through the pipeline 39 back to the compressor 21.

As soon as the sensor 46 sends a signal to the first control board 19 about reaching the storage mode temperature in the range from +10° to +12°C, the second control board 20 closes the valve 33, switching the refrigeration circuit of the means 13 to the tank 1 heating mode.

After passing through all phases of the second water purification cycle and supplying a new portion of purified melt water through the electrovalve 41 to the storage tank 14 for storage, the microprocessor unit 17 displays a message on the monitor 18 that the purified melt water is ready for use. The temperature-controlled storage tank 14 allows for a longer time to maintain the beneficial biochemical properties of melt water (high pH and low ORP).

The device is in a state of waiting to start the next cycle of preparing a new portion of purified melt water, constantly maintaining its storage mode in the storage tank 14.

The thickness of the annular clean layer "B" of ice after the completion of phase F6 is 18 mm. The yield of pure melt water is 52.5%. According to table 3, the average coefficient K for cleaning and obtaining melt water is 1.802; the average coefficient of change in the electrochemical parameters of melt water is 1.25.

Example 2. Description of the operation of the apparatus in the water purification mode with its mixing (dynamic cleaning mode, "Register 2")

The user fills the initial volume of 4 liters of untreated water into the container 1, selects the cleaning mode "Register 2" and presses the "Start" button on the monitor 18. Before that, the microprocessor unit 17 reminds the need to clean the tank 16, controlling the number of portions of the "brine" using a strain gauge 50. After draining the "brine" from the tank 16, the microprocessor unit 17 opens the valve 43 and flushes the water pipe 44 from the tank 1 (Fig. 3), closes the valve 43 and starts the refrigeration circuit of the agent 13 into operation.

The microprocessor unit 17 simultaneously sends a signal to the second control board 20 and starts the cooling mode of the container 1 and the signal to the first control board 19, which includes a gas-vortex activator 9 (Fig. 1), which operates during the passage of phases F1, F2 and F3 of water purification.

When the impeller of the gas-vortex activator 9 rotates above the surface of the water to be purified, a vacuum is created in the axial zone of the container 1 and an increased pressure on the periphery of this container 1. Under the action of the pressure difference between the periphery and the axial zone of the gas cavity "B" under the convex cover 2 of the container 1 above the water surface a swirling air flow is formed with a potential vortex velocity field at the container periphery and an axial countercurrent in the axial zone, which generates a similar turbulent rotational motion in water with water mixing along the container 1 axis (figure 1).

The coolant compressed by the compressor 21 in the form of high-pressure hot steam passes through the pipeline 35 (Fig.3) through the open valve 26 to the condenser 22, where it is cooled and condensed, turning into a high-pressure liquid.

In this case, the throttle 25 is not involved in the work, because the pressure loss in it is much higher and valve 31 is closed. Valves 30, 29 and 32 are also closed. (Fig. 3). After the condenser 22, the high-pressure liquid refrigerant passes through the pipeline 35, then freely through the open valve 27, the filter-drier 34 enters the throttle 23, where the pressure of the liquid heat carrier (refrigerant) decreases and enters at low pressure through the pipeline 36 into the tubular evaporator 6 of the heat exchanger tanks 1. In the tubular evaporator 6, the refrigerant boils, evaporates and absorbs heat, cooling and freezing the water in the heat exchange tank 1 at a boiling point in the cooling and freezing mode of -15°C.

Further along the pipeline 37, the refrigerant in the form of low-pressure vapor passes through the open valve 28 into the pipeline 35, and then returns to the compressor 21 (Fig. 3). In this case, the valves 33, 31 are closed.

At this stage of the water preparation (purification) cycle, the refrigeration unit provides successively several phases of changing its state (Table 1):

- F1 - cooling of the initial volume of the mixed liquid solution.

- F2 - phase transition (focal formations of sludge) of mixed water.

- F3 - freezing of water in the state of mixing (formation of a front-annular conical ingot on the side surface of the working container 1.

After passing phases F1, F2 and F3 in the water purification cycle (Table 1), the first board 19 turns off the gas-vortex activator 9 (Fig. 1). The further functioning of the processes in the tank 1 and the refrigeration-compressor circuit of the facility 13 corresponds to the description given in example 1. The thickness of the annular clean layer "B" of ice after the completion of phase F6 is 22 mm. The yield of pure melt water is 62.5%. According to table 3, the average coefficient K for cleaning and obtaining melt water is 4.79; the average coefficient of change in the electrochemical parameters of melt water is 2.85.

Analysis and comparison of tables 1, 2 and 3 shows the achievement of the claimed technical result, namely: improving the quality of purification (the K coefficient of purification increases by 2.6 times), reducing the time for preparing purified melt water (the full cycle of obtaining the finished product is reduced by 80-90 minutes) and an increase in its yield by 10% due to the possibility of carrying out the process of freezing (crystallization) of water in dynamic mode (Register 2) with gas-vortex mixing of the treated water compared to the static mode (Register 1).

Claims (3)

1. Heat exchange tank (1) for water purification by recrystallization, made of a thermally conductive material in the form of a truncated hollow cone, vertically oriented with a socket up and having a cover (2) on top and a drain pipe (4) in the bottom (3), and containing a tubular evaporator (6) for cooling and heating the walls of said container (1), located in the form of a spiral around its outer conical surface, and a layer (8) of heat-insulating material located around the tubular evaporator (6), characterized in that the heat exchange container (1 ) is equipped with two mirror reflective films (5 and 7), the first of which is located between the side conical wall of the heat exchange vessel (1) and the tubular evaporator (6), and the second - between the tubular evaporator (6) and the layer (8) of heat-insulating material, gas-vortex activator (9) with a drive for its rotation, made in the form of a paddle wheel, horizontally located on a vertical shaft under the cover (2) of the container (1), etc. fixed to said cover (2); the cover (2) of the container (1) is made convex with the formation of a gas cavity "B" inside for the formation of a circulating tangential vortex air movement with an axial counterflow above the surface of the treated water; the bottom (3) of the heat exchange tank (1) has no thermal insulation and is made stepped in the form of coaxially arranged hollow cylindrical sleeve (10) and a conical element (11) connected in series with the drain pipe (4). 2. The heat exchange tank according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas-vortex activator (9) is made removable in the form of a diagonal fan, and the mirror reflective films (5 and 7) are made of aluminum. 3. Apparatus for water purification by recrystallization, characterized in that it contains a thermostated heat exchange tank (1) according to claim 1 with a gas-vortex activator (9), a temperature sensor (40) and a tubular evaporator (6) for cooling and heating the said tank (1 ) and a thermostatically controlled storage tank (14) for purified melt water with a water level sensor (45), a temperature sensor (46), a tubular evaporator (15) to maintain purified melt water at a temperature of 4-6 ° C and a tap (48) for supplying purified melt water into consumer packaging (49), a removable tank (16) for collecting a liquid concentrate of impurities with a load cell (50), a means (13) for cooling, freezing water and melting ice, made in the form of a refrigeration compressor unit and connected by pipelines (36 , 37) with the evaporator (6) of the tank (1) and through pipelines (38, 39) with the evaporator (15) of the tank (14), the microprocessor control unit (17) with a power source connected to the control monitor (18), the first the control board (19) and the second control board (20), wherein the tank (1) is connected through the solenoid valve (41) through the water pipe (42) to the tank (14), and through the solenoid valve (43) - through the water pipe (44) with a removable tank (sixteen); the tank (14) and the removable tank (16) are located under the tank (1), and the first control board (19) is connected by electric wires (53) to the gas-vortex activator (9) and the temperature sensor (40) of the tank (1), electrovalves (41, 42 ), water level sensor (45), temperature sensor (46) of the tank (14) and load cell (50) of the removable tank (16), and the second control board (20) is connected by electrical wires (52) to the compressor (21), condenser fan (22 ) and solenoid valves (26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 and 33) of the refrigeration unit of the means (13) for cooling, freezing water and melting ice.

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