EA016706B1 - Toilet system for a passenger railway car - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to sanitary-engineering equipment for railway transport, in particular to a toilet system for use in a passenger railway car. The toilet system comprises two toilet blocks, a storage tank, a control and management system of the toilet equipment comprises a control block and vacuumizing block for air exhaust from the storage tank and the toilet blocks. Each toilet block comprises a bowl with branch pipes and an electromagnetic stop valves for supplying lavage liquid and waste water drain. The storage tank of wastes comprises a housing with rigidity ribs, inside which a capacity is arranged with branch pipes for feeding and discharging wastes, a liquid heater of the capacity and its branch pipes, a gap between the capacity walls and the housing is filled with a heat insulation material. The storage tank has a distribution suspension system attached to a car bottom and also has an integrated heating system comprising an electric and liquid heaters. The vacuumizing block is adapted to smooth pressure drops and a device for suspension is adapted to be fixed under the car bottom a tank of about 1000 liter capacity and transporting wastes up to 1 ton. The toilet system provides improved operation reliability and freeze resistance.

Description

The invention relates to sanitary equipment for railway transport, specifically to a toilet system for a passenger railway carriage.

The toilet system for a passenger railway carriage is known (KI 2109649, IPC: Β61Ό 35/00, 1998; KI 2252169, IPC: Β61Ό 35/00, 2005; KI 2250168, IPC: Β61Ό 35/00, 2005; KI 2192976, IPC: Β61Ό 35/00, 2002; KI 2316632, IPC: Β61Ό 35/00, 2002; KI 5773, IPC: Β61Ό 35/00, 1998; KI 600049, IPC: Β61Ό 35/00, 2007; KI 60458, IPC: Β61Ό 35 / 00, 2006; KI 60461, IPC: Β61Ό 35/00, 2007; KI 64163, IPC: Β61Ό 35/00, 2007; KI 60463, IPC: Β61Ό 35/00, 2007; KI, 16275, IPC; Β61Ό 35/00 , 2000; KI 27038, IPC: Β61Ό 35/00, 2002; KI 67042, IPC: Β61 35/00, 2007; KI 34479, IPC: Β61Ό 35/00, 2002; KI 77232, IPC: Β61Ό 35/00, 2008 ; The toilet system for the passenger railway car Omega-4, TU 3183-003-21315498-2005, 000 SPC Express, 2005), which is part of becoming a plumbing equipment for passenger cars and containing at least one toilet (toilet) block and electrically controlled shutoff valves for installation in the toilet rooms of a passenger car, a storage tank with brackets for suspension under the car floor and with electrically controlled fittings for receiving drain water from toilet blocks and for emptying the tank, a control unit for controlling the toilet equipment, a set of installation pipes and electric cables for installing the toilet equipment in passenger cars x railway transport.

The closest known technical solutions to the claimed invention relates to a toilet system for a passenger railway car Omega-4 (TU 3183-003-21315498-2005, 000 SPC Express, 2005), containing two toilet units (toilet), storage tank, control system and control of toilet equipment, moreover, the control and management system of the toilet equipment consists of a control unit and a control unit for a vacuum unit designed to evacuate the storage tank, toilet units, each toilet unit contains a toilet with nozzles and electromagnetic shutoff valves for supplying flushing water and draining sewage, the wastewater tank contains a casing with stiffeners, inside of which a tank with nozzles for supplying and pumping drains, a liquid heater of the tank and its nozzles, a gap between the walls of the tank and the casing is filled with insulation, the tank is equipped with a device for its suspension to the bottom of the car.

At the same time, the device for suspending the tank is made in the form of brackets welded to the upper side of the tank capacity. The evacuation unit for pumping air from the storage tank and toilet blocks contains a membrane-type vacuum pump, electromagnetic shut-off valves and a heating and cooling system installed in a heat-insulated casing, connected via signal and control inputs / outputs to the electrical contacts of the terminal box mounted on the casing of the vacuum unit and made with the possibility of connecting it with a multicore cable with a remote control unit installed in the technological compartment of the car. The control unit contains a microcomputer and a digital indicator device connected through the ADC and DAC, respectively, with the signal and control outputs (contacts of electrical connectors) of the electronic control unit. The electrical connectors of the electronic control unit are made with the possibility of connecting them (multicore cables and / or cables with galvanic isolation elements, for example, on optocouplers) with signal and actuating elements of toilet units and a storage tank.

A disadvantage of the known toilet equipment supplied for the installation of plumbing on passenger railroad cars is the lack of reliability due to the possibility of depressurization of the liquid tank heating system;

the dependence of the liquid tank heating system on the serviceability of external heat sources (heat exchanger, car water heater, pipelines and shutoff valves of the car water supply system);

the need for depressurization of the storage tank on the long-distance route for wastewater discharge due to the relatively small capacity of existing storage tanks for passenger cars;

the impossibility of visual control of the filling of the storage tank with full or partial failure of the electrical system for monitoring and controlling the toilet system;

false alarms of the vacuum unit and the toilet system as a whole, associated with possible changes in pressure in the vacuum line during vibrations arising from the movement of the car.

An object of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prototype and, first of all, improving the reliability of the toilet system of passenger long-distance cars.

The technical solution that ensures the fulfillment of the task is to duplicate the heating of the tank with various types of heat sources;

visual duplication of control of the liquid level in the storage tank;

increasing the capacity of the storage tank, eliminating the need for depressurization of the latter or reducing the number of its unloadings along the railway;

pneumatic smoothing of pressure surges in the vacuum block associated with random changes in pressure in the vacuum line that occur when the car moves.

- 1 016706

The implementation of the claimed technical result and, as a result, the solution of the problem is achieved by the fact that the toilet equipment containing two toilet units, a storage tank, a control and management system for the toilet equipment, the control and management system for the toilet equipment contains a control unit and a control unit for the vacuum installation designed for evacuation of the storage tank, vacuum lines and toilet blocks; each toilet block contains a toilet bowl with nozzles and electromagnetic shutoff valves for supplying flush water and draining sewage, the wastewater storage tank contains a casing with stiffeners, inside of which a tank with nozzles for supplying and pumping drains, a liquid heater of the tank and its pipes, the gap between the walls of the tank and the casing is filled with insulation, the tank is equipped with a device for its suspension to the bottom of the car, according to the invention it further comprises an electric heater of the tank and nozzles of the storage tank, the tank is equipped with a compartment in which instrumentation is installed, equipped with an electric connector for connecting an electric cable to the control unit of the toilet equipment control and management system, the vacuum unit is designed to smooth out pressure surges, and the suspension device is equipped with the possibility of fixing a tank with a capacity of up to a thousand liters under the bottom of the car and transportation of wastewater weighing up to several tons.

In this case, the liquid heater contains a hollow frame mounted under the bottom of the tank capacity, heating pipes entwined around the nozzles of the tank capacity, and electrically operated shut-off valves for supplying coolant to the cavity of the frame through the heating pipes, and the tank tank electric heater is made in the form of a flexible tape heater, in the recesses of the frame and between the turns of the heating pipeline. Instrumentation installed in the tank compartment contains a temperature sensor, a sensor for monitoring the liquid level of the tank and an indicator device in the form of a digital display and / or a vertical line of LEDs. The vacuum installation is designed to smooth pressure surges, contains a warmed case, inside which a membrane-type vacuum pump, a damper, a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a controlled electric heater-thermistor, an air cooling system, two electromagnetic valves for purging the vacuum pump and evacuating the storage tank are installed and toilet units, respectively, wherein the air cooling system includes two through windows cut into the heat shield of the vacuum unit In one set of which the supply air fan; a controlled electric heater is installed under the vacuum pump, a temperature sensor is located on the vacuum pump body, the vacuum pump is connected inlet through the first electromagnetic valve, the pressure sensor and damper with the pipe for pumping air from the storage tank and toilet blocks, and through a second electromagnetic valve with an internal cavity of the vacuum housing installations, electrical terminals of the vacuum pump, fan, pressure sensor, temperature sensor and solenoid valves are connected to a terminal box mounted on the case of the vacuum unit and made with the possibility of its electrical connection by a multi-core cable with the corresponding electrical connector of the electronic control unit. The suspension device, made with the possibility of mounting a storage tank under the bottom of the car with a capacity of up to a thousand liters and with the possibility of transporting waste water weighing 1000 kg, contains a frame with suspension brackets mounted in the upper part of the tank, made in the form of longitudinal and transverse beams, In this case, the longitudinal beams are threaded and fixed in the eyes of the mounting racks, the lower parts of which are rigidly attached to the lower base of the tank capacity, and the upper ones are led out through the upper base of the tank and casing, and the brackets are additional They are tightly connected with the external stiffening ribs of the tank.

The introduction in addition to the liquid heater of the electric heater of the tank and the nozzles of the storage tank allows you to increase the reliability of the toilet equipment by redundant heating of the tank. Equipping the storage tank with a compartment in which the control and measuring equipment is installed, including electronic and visual indicators, providing respectively remote (on the indicator of the control unit) and local (directly on the tank) monitoring the level of accumulation in the tank, allows to increase the reliability of the toilet equipment due to duplication of control and preventing unreasonable shutdown of the sanitary units. The implementation of the suspension device in the form of a frame with brackets mounted in the upper part of the tank, made in the form of longitudinal and transverse beams, while the longitudinal beams are threaded and fixed in the eyes of the mounting racks, the lower parts of which are rigidly attached to the lower base of the tank capacity, and the upper ones are brought out through the upper base of the tank, it allows to strengthen the suspension and structural strength of the tanks, use tanks with thinner walls, reduce weight, increase the volume of the tank. At the same time, the reliability of the toilet system equipment increases not only by increasing the strength of the tank, but also by increasing its capacity, which reduces the likelihood of overfilling of storage tanks along the train and shutting down the toilet system.

In FIG. 1 shows a functional diagram of the equipment of the toilet system in the assembled state, in FIG. 2 - fixture of reinforced structure for suspension of the storage tank, in FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of the evacuation unit,

- 2 016706 in FIG. 4 is a drawing illustrating the construction of a combined tank heating system.

The toilet equipment contains two toilet units 1, a storage tank 2, a control and management system for the toilet equipment, including a control unit 3 and a vacuum unit 4 for pumping air from the storage tank 2 and toilet units 1. Each toilet unit 1 contains a toilet bowl with nozzles 1.1 , electromagnetic shutoff valves 1.2 for supplying flushing water and draining wastewater and a button 1.3 control. The storage tank 2 wastewater contains a casing 2.1 with stiffeners. Inside the casing 2.1 with a gap installed capacity 2.2. Capacity 2.2 is equipped with nozzles 2.3, 2.4, 2.5 for supplying 2 drains to the tank, pumping 2 drains from the tank and evacuating the capacity 2.2, respectively. Capacity 2.2 and its nozzles 2.3, 2.4 are equipped with a combined heater (Fig. 4), including a liquid heater 2.6 tanks and an electric heater 2.7. The liquid heater 2.6 contains a hollow frame 2.8 mounted under the bottom of the container 2.2 of the tank 2; heating pipelines 2.9, entwined around the nozzles 2.4, 2.5 of the container 2.2 of the tank 2 for supplying coolant from the heat exchanger of the car heating system (not shown in the figures) to the cavity of the frame 2.8 through heating pipelines 2.9 of the nozzles 2.3, 2.4. The electric heater 2.7 of the capacity 2.2 of the tank 2 is made in the form of a flexible tape electric heater, laid in the recesses of the frame 2.8 and between the turns of the heating pipe 2.9. The cavity between the outer walls of the container 2.2 (Fig. 1) and the inner walls of the casing 2.1 is filled with a heater 2.10, for example, foam. In the end part of the tank 2, a compartment 2.11 is made, in which control and measuring equipment 2.12 is installed, equipped with an electrical connector for connecting with an electric cable to the control unit 3 of the control system and control the toilet equipment. Instrumentation 2.12 contains a temperature sensor, a device for monitoring the liquid level in the tank capacity and an indicator device in the form of a digital display and / or a vertical line of LEDs (not shown in the figures). On the opposite end side of the tank 2, a viewing hatch 2.13 is made of rectangular or round shape. On the upper side of the tank 2, a suspension device 5 is installed (Fig. 2), made with the possibility of mounting under the bottom of the tank car 2 with a capacity of up to a thousand liters and with the possibility of transporting wastewater weighing up to several tons. It contains a frame 5.1 with brackets 5.2 suspension and pendant mounting racks 5.3 with eyes 5.6. Frame 5.1 is made in the form of longitudinal 5.4 and transverse 5.5 beams. The longitudinal beams 5.4 are threaded and fixed in the eyes of 5.6 suspended mounting racks 5.5. The lower struts 5.5 are rigidly attached to the lower base of the capacity 2.2 of the tank 2, and the upper parts are brought out through the upper base of the capacity 2.2 and the casing 2.1, forming a rigid and lightweight suspension structure 5. The brackets 5.2 are connected to the external stiffeners of the casing 2.1. The nozzle 2.5 of the tank 2 is made with the possibility of connecting (by pipelines included in the delivery package of the Omega-4 toilet equipment) the internal cavity of the container 2.2 of the tank 2 with the input 4.1 of the vacuum unit 4. Block 4 evacuation (Fig. 3) is made with the possibility of smoothing pressure surges and contains a heat-insulated housing 4.2. Inside the case 4.2, a membrane pump 4.3 is installed, a damper 4.4, a pressure sensor 4.5, a temperature sensor 4.6, a controlled electric heater 4.7 - a thermistor, an air cooling system 4.8, two solenoid valves 4.9, 4.10 for purging the vacuum pump and evacuating the storage tank and toilet blocks respectively. The air cooling system 4.8 includes two through-windows 4.11, 4.12, cut out in the heat-shielding housing 4.2 of the vacuum unit 4, in one of which a supply fan 4.13 is installed. A 4.7 controlled electric heater is installed under the vacuum pump 4.3, and a temperature sensor 4.6 is installed on the housing of the vacuum pump 4.3. The inlet of the vacuum pump 4.3 is connected through an electromagnetic valve 4.9, a pressure sensor 4.5 and a damper 4.4 to the inlet 4.1 for pumping air from the tank 2 of the storage unit and toilet units 1 and through an electromagnetic valve 4.10 with the internal cavity of the housing 4.2 of the vacuum unit 4. Electrical conclusions of the vacuum pump 4.3 , fan 4.13, pressure sensor 4.5, temperature sensor 4.6 and solenoid valves 4.9, 4.10 are connected to terminal box 4.14 mounted on the housing of the vacuum unit 4.2. The electrical connectors of the box 4.14 are made with the possibility of electrical connection of its contacts with a multi-core cable with the corresponding electrical connector of the electronic control unit 3. The control unit 3 contains a microcomputer 3.1 and a digital indicator device 3.2, connected through an ADC and a DAC (not shown in the figures) with electrical connectors 3.3, 3.4. Electrical connectors 3.3, 3.4 of the electronic control unit are configured to connect them (multicore cables and / or cables with galvanic isolation elements, for example, on optocouplers) with signal and actuating elements of toilet units 2 and storage tank 2.

The aforementioned toilet equipment in the aforementioned configuration and with a set of pipelines, stop valves and couplings is delivered to a car building or car repair plant, for example, in TVZ OJSC, Tver. First, with the help of brackets 5.2, the tank 2 is hung on the guide beams installed under the bottom of the car. At the same time, toilet blocks 1 are installed in the toilet cabins of the car, a vacuum unit 4 is suspended in the car’s vestibule, and a control unit 3 of the technological equipment in the technological compartment. Next, the distances between equipment 1-4 are measured, pipelines are cut into segments of the required length, shutoff valves and connecting elements are installed on them. Then the installation and connection

- 3 016706 elements 1-4 between each other and with the car’s life support system (power supply, water supply, heat supply and ventilation) both in pipeline and in electrical equipment. At the same time, due to the open assembly of the vacuum pipeline connecting the vacuum unit 4, toilet unit 1 and tank 2.2 capacity 2.2, the air pressure in the line is set equal to the external atmospheric pressure.

The work of assembled toilet equipment is as follows.

They include power to the toilet system. The control unit 3 with a predetermined update rate polls the sensors of the control and measuring equipment 2.12 of the storage tank 2, the vacuum unit 4 and the toilet units. Unit 3 compares the measured sensor readings with predetermined threshold values and generates control signals for the vacuum pump 4.3 and stop valves 1.2 of toilet blocks 1, stop valves 2.10 of storage tank 2, heating system 2.5, 4.8 of tank 2 of vacuum block 4, respectively. With insufficient pressure in the tank 2, fixed by the pressure sensor 4.5, block 3 supplies power to the vacuum pump 4.3, closes the shut-off valve 4.10 and opens the shut-off valve 4.9. The vacuum pump 4.3 pumps out air from the tank 2 and the connecting pipelines (vacuum line) connecting the inlet of the nozzle 4.1 of the vacuum unit 4 with the cavity of the container 2.2 of the unit 2 and the vacuum pipe of the sewer of the toilet unit 1. When the required vacuum level in the tank 2 and the vacuum line is reached the pressure sensor 4.5 reaches the limit value, and the control unit 3 removes the supply voltage from the vacuum pump. After using the toilet, the passenger presses button 1.3. In this case, the electric signal from button 1.3 is supplied to the control unit 3. The control unit 3 gives control signals to the stop valve 1.1 and the stop valve 1.2 for supplying washing water to the toilet and for opening the drain of the toilet unit 1. Under the influence of vacuum in the tank 2, the waste water from the toilet unit 1 flows into the tank 2. At the same time, in the tank 2 decreases the level of vacuum. The sensor 4.5 of the vacuum unit 4 detects a decrease in vacuum and during the next interrogation of unit 3 gives a signal to turn on the vacuum pump 4.3. Next, the functioning of the toilet system is repeated. Similarly, by interrogating temperature sensors and comparing their readings with threshold values, unit 3 controls the operation of the heater 4.7 of the supply fan 4.13 of the vacuum unit 3, as well as of the liquid 2.8 and electric 2.7 heaters of the contents of the capacity 2.2 of the storage tank 2. When the tank of the capacity of the tank 2.2 of the tank 2 overflows with sewage, the limit level sensor of the control and measuring device 2.12 is activated. At the same time, the upper LED of the indicator device 2.12 on tank 2 lights up. At the next interrogation of the level sensor, an overflow signal is issued to shut-off valves 1.1 and 1.2 and the toilet equipment is disconnected from the water supply source and the toilet is closed for sanitary maintenance and discharge (when the train is parked and open 2.12 valves) of the contents of the tank 2 through the pipe 2.4 using an external vacuum pump of a separate transport machine. Random pressure surges in the vacuum line when the car is shaken in motion are smoothed out with a damper 4.4. This eliminates false positives of the toilet system and improves the reliability of its operation. When the wastewater level sensor is triggered, visual control is possible on the glow of the LED line on the indicator device of tank 2. At the same time, the current values of the parameters and the status of the actuators 1-4 of the toilet equipment are displayed on the indicator screen 3.2 of the control unit 3.

The invention was developed at the level of design documentation and prototypes of components of the modernized OMEGA-4 toilet system. Experimental tests of the reinforced suspension 5 showed an increase in the reliability of the toilet system equipment not only by increasing the strength of the tank, but also by increasing its capacity, which reduces the likelihood of overfilling of storage tanks along the train and untimely shutdown of the toilet system.

Claims (5)

1. A toilet system for a passenger railway carriage comprising two toilet units, a storage tank, a toilet equipment monitoring and control system, the toilet equipment monitoring and control system comprising a control unit and a vacuum unit for pumping air out of the storage tank and toilet units, each toilet the unit contains a toilet bowl with nozzles and electromagnetic shutoff valves for supplying flushing water and draining wastewater, the wastewater storage tank contains a casing with stiffeners, inside of which the tank with a gap is installed with nozzles for supplying and pumping waste water, a liquid heater of the tank and its nozzles, the gap between the walls of the tank and the casing is filled with insulation, the tank is equipped with a device for hanging it to the bottom of the car, characterized in that it additionally contains an electric heater of the tank and drive tank nozzles, the tank is equipped with a compartment in which control and measuring equipment is installed, equipped with an electrical connector for connecting an electric cable to the system control unit and a warning light control the toilet equipment, vacuum unit configured to smooth out pressure surges, and a device for the suspension - with the ability to mount a wagon bottom tank with a capacity of up to thousands of liters of waste water and transportation up to - 4 016706 units of tons. 2. The toilet system according to claim 1, characterized in that the liquid heater comprises a hollow frame mounted under the bottom of the tank capacity, heating pipes entwined around the nozzles of the tank capacity, and electrically operated shut-off valves for supplying coolant to the frame cavity through the heating pipes, and an electric the tank capacity heater is made in the form of a flexible tape electric heater, laid in the recesses of the frame and between the turns of the heating pipeline. 3. The toilet system according to claim 1, characterized in that the instrumentation installed in the tank compartment contains a temperature sensor, a device for monitoring the liquid level in the tank capacity and an indicator device in the form of a digital display and / or a vertical line of LEDs. 4. The toilet system according to claim 1, characterized in that the evacuation unit, made with the possibility of smoothing pressure surges, contains a heat-insulated housing, inside which a membrane-type vacuum pump, a damper, a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a controlled electric heater-thermistor, an air system are installed cooling, two solenoid valves for purging the vacuum pump and evacuating the storage tank and toilet units, respectively, and the air cooling system includes two through windows, a cut-out data in the heat-shielding case of the vacuum unit, in one of which a supply fan is installed, a controlled electric heater is installed under the vacuum pump, a temperature sensor is located on the vacuum pump body, the vacuum pump is connected inlet through the first electromagnetic valve, pressure sensor and damper with the pipe for pumping air out of the tank drive and toilet blocks and through a second solenoid valve with an internal cavity of the vacuum unit housing, electrical terminals of the vacuum pump, fan, pressure sensor A temperature sensor and solenoid valves are connected to a terminal box mounted on the casing of the vacuum unit and made with the possibility of its electrical connection by a multi-core cable with the corresponding electrical connector of the electronic control unit. 5. The toilet system according to claim 1, characterized in that the suspension device made with the possibility of mounting under the bottom of the wagon a storage tank with a capacity of up to a thousand liters and with the possibility of transporting wastewater weighing up to units of tons, contains a frame with suspension brackets mounted in the upper part of the tank, made in the form of longitudinal and transverse beams, while the longitudinal beams are threaded and fixed in the eyes of the mounting racks, the lower parts of which are rigidly attached to the lower base of the tank capacity, and the upper ones are brought out Without the upper base of the tank and the casing, and the brackets are additionally connected with the outer stiffening ribs of the tank.