RU52794U1 - TOILET VEHICLE SYSTEM - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to means of sanitary-hygienic services in transport, and specifically to a vacuum toilet system. The vehicle’s toilet system contains at least one toilet module, a drain pipe, connected at one end through a discharge valve to the toilet module toilet, and the other with a collection container, a device for creating a vacuum in the collecting container and a drain pipe, including a vacuum pump, a pressure regulator, a vacuum gauge, a control unit for the units and mechanisms of the system, in accordance with a utility model, the container-collector is removed from the car’s premises and mounted horizontally under the car but, orthogonal to its longitudinal axis, is rigidly connected to the carriage frame, equipped with a heating system and connected to the end of the drain pipe of the drain line through the tower, and the toilet flush line is connected directly to the vehicle’s water supply system, while the device for creating a vacuum further comprises a separator, connected between the collection container and the vacuum pump. The outlet of the vacuum pump is equipped with an air filter. The drain pipe of the drain line, which communicates the toilet of the toilet module with the collection container, is located under the floor of the car and is inclined towards the collection container. The toilet module toilet contains a flush manifold made in the form of nozzles communicating with each other located on the periphery of the flush toilet bowl.

Description

The utility model relates to means of sanitary-hygienic services in transport, and specifically to a vacuum toilet system.

Known wastewater system for a vehicle’s toilet, containing a toilet, connected by a drain pipe located in its upper part through an electromagnetic valve to a water tank, and the lower part - with a fecal periodic vacuum pipe, which is connected to an outlet block, in the lower part of which a lock pipe is installed, connected to the collection tank, and the upper part is connected to the drive system, vacuum and discharge pipelines connected to the flush button, in which control electromagnetic veins are installed In accordance with the invention, it is equipped with a diaphragm dispenser with two cavities for air and liquid, respectively, and the specified actuator is formed by two chambers connected to the pump installed in the pipeline with liquid, evacuating and forcing, the latter being connected by a pipeline to the indicated air cavity of the dispenser, and the evacuation chamber with its upper part is connected to the specified outlet block, while the cavity of the dispenser for liquid is located on the drain pipe section between the indicated and additional valves. The system is also characterized by the fact that the fecal pipe is connected to the toilet through an intermediate tank with a level sensor and introduced into the exhaust tank below the entrance of the airlock pipe, and the exhaust tank is equipped with a safety bubbler, the upper part of which is connected to the vacuum chamber, and the lower part is hermetically closed by a lid (USSR author's certificate No. 1661023, IPC 5 B 61 D 35/00, 1989)

The proposed system design has improved the reliability of the system and at the same time reduce the energy consumption of the drive. At the same time, in the process of its operation, the sufficient complexity of the evacuation scheme used was revealed. Indeed, between the pump and the intermediate tank, a vacuum chamber, a common electromagnetic valve, a vacuum pipe, an electromagnetic valve, a bubbler, an exhaust block are included. The presence of these elements and nodes in the vacuum circuit

significantly complicates the search, in the event of its possible depressurization and subsequent troubleshooting. And, finally, the use of a special liquid - kerosene as a piston element for the pumping and evacuating chambers requires the organization of increased fire safety measures.

A known sewage system of a vehicle’s toilet containing a water tank, a toilet bowl with a flushing device, a flushing valve, a lever mechanism for driving a flushing valve, the flushing device being connected to the tank by a pipe via a flushing valve, in accordance with a utility model, it further comprises a fecal storage tank, a dispenser, a conveying device, a source of compressed air, the storage tank being connected to the toilet by a conveying device made in the form of a pipe, and a pump with an air cavity built into it for direct drive pneumatic drive of the rod and return spring, and the dispenser is integrated into the pipe connecting the flush valve to the water tank and is made with an air cavity for pneumatic drive, and the air cavities of the pump and the dispenser are connected by pipes to a source of compressed air and to the atmosphere through a distribution device kinematically associated with the linkage of the system.

The system is also characterized in that the dispenser contains a housing with a flexible diaphragm located inside it, on one side of which an air cavity is made in the housing, on the other side there is a water chamber connected by one pipe to the water tank, the other with a flush valve, and at the pipe inlet tank mounted inlet check valve.

And also by the fact that in one embodiment of the system, the switchgear is connected to the air cavities of the dispenser and pump by one common pipeline and made in the form of a two-position three-way valve, and its kinematic connection with the lever mechanism is made with the possibility of communicating the common pipeline with a compressed air source when pressed position of the lever mechanism pedal, and with the atmosphere - when released. In another embodiment of the system, the distribution device is connected to each of the air cavities of the dispenser and pump by separate pipes and is made in the form of a two-position four-way valve, and its kinematic connection with the lever mechanism is made with the possibility of communicating the dispenser with a source of compressed air, the pump with the atmosphere when the pedal is depressed lever mechanism, and when the meter pedal is released - with the atmosphere, pump - with the source

compressed air (Certificate for utility model of the Russian Federation No. 0002966, IPC 6 V 61 D 35/00, 1995).

In this system, it was possible to eliminate a number of disadvantages inherent in similar technical solutions representing the prior art, however, this system is not without drawbacks, the most significant of which are the following. In general, the system is unnecessarily complicated by the introduced units, and as a result, it is characterized by low reliability, primarily of a pressure device, including a compressor unit. The latter has significant dimensions, which creates certain difficulties in choosing a place for its placement in a passenger carriage, as well as in reducing the high level of noise created during its operation.

A toilet system for a vehicle is known which uses a liquid centrifugal pump in a pressure device. The liquid pumped by the pump serves as a piston element, compressing the air to create a pressure in the flush meter and at the same time evacuate the air on the other side of the pump’s working space to transport the drain from the toilet to the storage tank (Ecotol-V eco-friendly toilet complex. KSHMS operation manual. 667410.003 RE ").

The disadvantages of this toilet system are the unsatisfactory flushing intensity, the large inertia of the drive, the complexity and low reliability of the toilet system as a whole. A weak flush in this design is due to the fact that half the pump power is used to create a pressure on the flush. The pump uses the other half of the power to simultaneously create a vacuum with the same pump to drive the conveying device. With real restrictions on the characteristics of the pump as a whole (in terms of power supply and dimensions), its power is insufficient to ensure normal flushing. The large inertia of the drive is due to the fact that the drive system is filled with a medium consisting of liquid and air. Unlike liquid, air perceives pressure gradually, as it compresses (evacuates). This requires a sufficiently large time interval from the time of launch to the operation of the system - up to 15 s. The complexity of the system is due to the complex sequence in time of the processes occurring in the system: turning on the pump, creating the necessary pressure and vacuum, transporting the drain, turning off the pump. These processes are carried out in the design through a complex system.

solenoid valves, whose operation according to a special program is controlled by an electronic system based on a microprocessor. The complexity of the system, the presence in it of elements sensitive to the purity of the working environment, causes its frequent failures and low reliability of the system. Weak flushing with the toilet leads to the need to have a collection tank in close proximity to the toilet. The presence of more than one toilets in the car, located at a considerable distance from one another, makes it necessary to install several collection tanks and equipment in the car to ensure the normal operation of each tank.

Closest to the claimed utility model in terms of technical nature and the achieved result is a vacuum toilet system for railway cars and other vehicles, containing at least one toilet placed in a heated room and connected through a discharge valve to a sewer, a collection container connected with a drain pipe, and a vacuum generating device in the collection container and the drain pipe, wherein the collection container comprises an elongated, vertically mounted collection container wastewater liquid having upper, lower and main cylindrical parts, and the drain pipe is attached to the collection container near the center of its cylindrical main part, so that a free space of a sufficiently high volume for air above the waste liquid collected in the collection container, which is located in close connection with the room so that it is heated by its height by heating the room, and the size of the collection container is selected so that it has the ability to accept at least 5-10 toilets GOVERNMENTAL washings, and the collecting container comprises means for emptying the collecting container. The latter is essentially cylindrical with an inner diameter of 160-350 mm, its main cylindrical part has a length of at least 1.0-1.4 m. The sewer between the toilet and the collection container near the toilet continues upward and closer to the container - the collector goes down to the junction of the sewer and the collection container. The size of the collection container is selected so that its total internal volume exceeds at least 15-40 liters, the total number of drains that must be received by the collection container. Said device for creating a vacuum in the collecting container and the drain pipe is connected to the collecting container, this device comprising a control center for activating the creation of a vacuum, which is connected to the toilet flush button. Container and manager

the center contains a device to prevent emptying of the collection container depending on external factors, for example, the speed of the vehicle in which the vacuum toilet system is located. The collection container also comprises means for blocking the pipelines connected to the collecting container and a device connected to the upper part of the collecting container for supplying pressurized medium to the collecting container and means for emptying the collecting container. In addition, the container-collector at the junction of the sewer with the container-collector at the hole of the sewer has a device for draining the drain downward, moreover, this device is made in the form of a screen, one part of which is located at an angle to the wall of the container-collector the part, which is a continuation of the first part, is oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis of the container-collector and is located at a distance "b" from the wall of the container-collector and continues down to a level located at a distance "h" from the center of the hole st full-time pipes (Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2250168, IPC 7, B 61 D 35/00, E 03 F 1/00, 2000).

In this toilet system, the disadvantages inherent in similar systems representing the prior art have been partially eliminated, however, in the process of its use, disadvantages have also been identified, the main of which are the following:

- the creators of this system placed the collection container in the toilet room, installing it vertically, while significantly reducing its traditionally used volume; the location in the heated room eliminates the need for supplying the collection container with heating means, however, with this arrangement, the collection container occupies a scarce area in the carriage, in addition, access to the collection container is complicated during its routine maintenance and repair;

- the system is quite complicated, because includes a large number of nodes pneumatic and electrical;

- the system does not eliminate the presence of persistent odors that accompany its operation;

- the system can only be used if the toilet drains periodically onto the railroad; constantly growing requirements for environmental impact, significantly

limit the geography of use of a vehicle equipped with such toilet systems;

- the sewage pipes in the system first go up beyond the ceiling of the toilet room, then go down to the junction with the collection container; such a stroke is performed due to the large number of bends of the sewage pipeline at an angle of 90 ° in which blockages occur over time; this embodiment of the drain system requires additional decorative covers, and also increases the noise in the car during the implementation of the descent from the toilet.

The problem to which the proposed utility model is directed is to create a vehicle toilet system free of these drawbacks, characterized by a simpler design of the individual components and elements of the system.

The technical result achieved in the implementation of this utility model is to increase the useful area of the vehicle by placing the collection container outside the vehicle’s car and reducing the nodes and elements included in the design of the proposed utility model, which ensures the operation of the vehicle with such the toilet system without restrictions, in terms of the frequency of emptying the collection container, and also improves the service conditions of the collection container.

The task underlying the proposed utility model, with the achievement of the above technical result, is solved by the fact that in the known vacuum toilet system for a vehicle containing at least one toilet module located in the toilet room, a drain pipe of the drain line connected at one end through unloading valve with toilet bowl of the toilet module, and the other with a container-collector, a device for creating a vacuum in the container-collector and drain line, including a vacuum pump, reg pressure transmitter, vacuum gauge, control unit of the system nodes and mechanisms, in accordance with the utility model, the container container is removed from the car’s premises and mounted horizontally orthogonally to the longitudinal axis of the car, rigidly connected to the car frame, equipped with a heating system and connected to the end of the pipes of the drain line through the tower, and the flush line of the toilet system communicates directly with the water supply system of the vehicle, while the device for creating a vacuum is additionally

comprises a separator included between the collection container and the vacuum pump;

- as well as the fact that the outlet of the vacuum pump is equipped with an air filter;

- as well as the fact that the drain pipe of the drain line, communicating the toilet bowls of the toilet module with the collection container, is placed under the floor of the car and is inclined towards the collection container;

- as well as the fact that the toilet module toilet contains a flush manifold made in the form of nozzles communicating with each other located on the periphery of the flush toilet bowl (not shown in the diagram).

One of the possible options for a specific implementation of the claimed toilet system is shown in the schematic diagram of the system.

In accordance with the claimed utility model, the system comprises at least one vacuum toilet module 1 of known design mounted on the floor 2 of the toilet room 3. Each module 1 has a normally closed discharge valve 4, which opens only when the toilet bowl of the module is flushed, that is, empty from drains present in it. The flushing of the toilet is carried out by pressing the flush button 9, which controls the electro and pneumatic automation, which communicates the flushing system of the toilet with the flushing water supply line 29, connected to the car's water supply system. The valve 4 opens in the direction of the drain pipe 5, which should be under vacuum at about half atmospheric pressure when the toilet is empty. The pressure difference between the toilet room and the sewer, therefore, is about 0.5 bar in this situation. When the unloading valve 5 is open, the air in the toilet room 3 squeezes the drains present in the toilet into the drain pipe 5 and moves the drains, in the form of a cork, at high speed into the collection container 6 connected to the end part of the drain pipe 5. The inner diameter of the drain pipe 5 is about 40 mm. The sewer 5 from the module 1 is lowered under the floor of the vehicle and passes under the floor to the junction with the collection container 6.

The vacuum pump 7 is connected to the upper part of the collection container 6 by a pipe 8, and serves to create a vacuum in the collection container 6. The pressure regulator 10 gives a signal to turn on the vacuum pump 7 when the vacuum in the collection container rises to minus 0.4 bar. When the vacuum value in the collection container is 6 minus 0.5 bar, the pressure regulator 10 opens the power supply circuit of the vacuum pump 7. The pump 7 stops.

The exhaust air from the collection container 6 is sucked up by a vacuum pump 7 and emitted into the atmosphere through an air filter 11, which is designed to prevent atmospheric pollution by harmful impurities (ammonia, benzene, xylene, hydrogen sulfide). The vacuum meter 12 is used to control the current vacuum in the collection container 6.

The container-collector 6 is separated from the pipeline 8 leading to the vacuum pump 7, a separator (dehumidifier) 13 and a check valve 14. The separator 13 performs the function of separating the solid particles, moisture and spatter contained in the atmosphere of the container-collector 6 from the vacuum pump 7. In its body there are curved plates for swirling the air flow and a filter with metal packing. The non-return valve 14 eliminates the vacuum drop in the collection container 6 during the switched off vacuum pump 7.

Vacuum line 15 may be equipped with a protection module. The module is designed to protect the vacuum pump from liquid fractions from the collection container 6. A water sensor 18 is installed in the tower 16 of the collection container 6. When filling the tower 16 of the collection container 6 with liquid, the sensor 18 closes the power supply circuit of the electropneumatic valve 17. The electropneumatic valve 17 depresses the vacuum line 15 and provides a purge into the container container 6 of the liquid fractions from the vacuum lines 8 and 15.

On the collection container 6, bends 19 are installed on both sides with a diameter of 76 mm and 40 mm. The first serves to empty the container-collector 6 with a sewage machine, the second - for access to the container-collector 6 of air during pumping. The branch with a diameter of 76 mm ends with a 3-inch Kamlock connector. A pipeline with a diameter of 40 mm ends with a cone plug. Opening and closing the pumping system is done manually.

To prevent freezing of the contents of the collection container 6 in winter, two heating systems are provided for it in cold time - the main (liquid) and backup (electric) heating systems.

The heating line is additionally included - ball valves 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 and filter 24.

The antifreeze liquid “Tosol” is used in the tank heating system. "Antifreeze" is fed through pipelines 25 to the expansion tank 26 and through the filter 24, to the inlet of the pump 27, which provides the circulation of "Antifreeze".

Expansion tank 26 is used to replenish the liquid "Tosol" heating system and the release of air jams from the system.

A tube-type heat exchanger 28 is connected to the car heating system.

Cranes 19, 20 are designed to prevent the discharge of antifreeze when removing the pump 27 and filter 24. Crane 21 is designed to release air. When filling the system, the valve 21 must be open. In heating mode - closed. Crane 22 is designed to drain Tosol liquid and to refill the heating system of the collection container 6. Crane 23 is designed to drain sludge from the filter.

The backup (electrical) heating system of the collection container 6 includes heaters for DC voltage 110 v and a temperature sensor. Heaters are installed under the bottom of the collection container 6. Regulation and control of the system is carried out from the control panel of all systems of the car.

The proposed utility model allows you to create a simpler toilet system for a vehicle, free from the above-mentioned disadvantages, satisfying ever-growing environmental requirements, more reliable and more convenient during operation and maintenance.

Claims (4)

1. The toilet system of the vehicle, containing at least one toilet module, a drain pipe of the drain line, connected at one end via a discharge valve to the toilet of the toilet module, and the other to a collection container, a device for creating a vacuum in the collection container and drain line, including a vacuum pump, pressure regulator, vacuum gauge, control unit of the units and mechanisms of the system, characterized in that the container-collector is removed from the premises of the car and mounted horizontally under the car, ort gonal to its longitudinal axis, rigidly connected to the carriage frame, equipped with a heating system and connected to the end of the drain pipe of the drain line through the tower, and the toilet flush line is connected directly to the vehicle’s water supply system, while the device for creating a vacuum further comprises a separator connected between collection container and vacuum pump. 2. The toilet system of the vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet of the vacuum pump is equipped with an air filter. 3. The toilet system of the vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the drain pipe of the drain line, communicating the toilet of the toilet module with the collection container, is placed under the floor of the car and is inclined towards the collection container. 4. The vehicle toilet system according to claim 1, characterized in that the toilet module toilet comprises a flush manifold made in the form of nozzles communicating with each other located on the periphery of the toilet flush cup.