EA015193B1 - Apparatus absorbing impact energy - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates mainly to apparatuses of impact energy absorption for use in carriages and locomotives aimed at reducing longitudinal forces, working in a train at hitting of carriages. The inventive task is aimed at increasing life-time of apparatuses absorbing impact energy due to providing directed wear of the body side walls. The apparatus (fig.1) comprises a multiface body 1 inside which a pressure wedge 4 is arranged resting on friction wedges 5 in which anti-friction inserts are mounted forming solid lubrication of the body walls 2,3. Such apparatus has a feature characterized in that the body walls have uneven thickness thus the area of solid lubrication is less from the side walls 2 having greater thickness than that from the side walls 3 having lesser thickness. An embodiment is possible when at least one friction wedge lesser amount of anti-friction inserts are amounted from the side of the side walls having greater thickness than that from the side walls having lesser thickness. Wherein at least two friction wedges can be used, an elongated anti-friction insert is mounted in each of them, the insert is arranged opposite side walls having different thickness, in each friction wedge there also mounted a shortened anti-friction insert arranged opposite the side wall having lesser thickness. Mutual location of said anti-friction inserts of different length above each other can be different. The anti-friction inserts can be also arranged in the apparatus body 1. Use of the directed wear of the side walls surfaces removes negative phenomenon of early cracks due to the walls wear during long time apparatus operation thus increasing its life time to refusal.

Description

The invention relates primarily to shock energy absorption devices mounted on cars and locomotives in order to reduce the longitudinal forces acting on a train during a car collision.

A known device that absorbs impact energy [1], consisting of a housing in which a pressure wedge and friction wedges are installed, which are in contact with the limiter and a base plate resting on an elastic polymer array consisting of several self-aligning elastic blocks in series. In pairs, the elastic blocks are separated by centering bowl-shaped metal plates sliding along the longitudinal centering ribs made in the housing.

The disadvantages of the analogue [1] are its complexity due to the design features and the presence of a centering connection of some elements, as well as the limited (110 mm) working stroke of the apparatus that absorbs impact energy.

Known simpler, efficient and with an increased stroke the device that absorbs impact energy [2], adopted as a prototype.

It consists of a housing covered by a traction clamp, in which a pressure wedge and friction wedges are installed, which are in contact with the base plate. The base plate rests on an elastic polymer array consisting of several consecutively located elastic blocks. The elastic blocks are separated by plates passed together with these blocks through the rod.

Such a prototype apparatus, in contrast to the analogue [1], has a larger working stroke. It also lacks intermediate cup-shaped metal plates. This simplifies the design of the prototype [2] with the possibility of reducing the dimensions of the apparatus, which also has a larger number of elastic blocks than the analogue [1].

To obtain more stable characteristics of eliminating the phenomenon of setting of steel friction surfaces under the influence of friction between the friction wedges and the body of the prototype apparatus [2], anti-friction liners are used, which are made of a metal softer than the metal of the body, for example, bronze. Such inserts are inserted into the grooves of the housing or into the grooves of the friction wedges. They perform the function of solid lubrication elements of the steel surface of the housing.

However, due to the fact that the body in its cross section has an internal cavity and the thickness of its walls, limited by the size of the traction clamp, after a certain time of operation of the device in the places of contact of the friction wedges with the walls of the body, the development of the surfaces of these walls will be observed. And after reaching such maximum output, a critical decrease in their thickness is observed, which can lead to failure of the device.

Therefore, the object of the invention is to increase the life of the apparatus, absorbing impact energy, by providing directional wear on the side walls of its body.

The problem is solved in that the apparatus that absorbs impact energy includes a multifaceted body, inside of which there is a pressure wedge resting on friction wedges in which antifriction liners are installed that form a solid lubricant of the walls of the case. Such an apparatus has distinctive features: the walls of the apparatus body are made of uneven thickness and the area of the solid lubricant is smaller on the side of the side walls of greater thickness than on the side of the side walls of lesser thickness.

Such a difference in the areas of solid lubrication is achieved by the following embodiments of an apparatus that absorbs impact energy:

in at least one friction wedge, less antifriction liners are installed on the side of the larger side walls than on the side of the smaller side walls;

it is possible to use at least two friction wedges, each of which has an elongated antifriction liner located opposite the side walls of different thicknesses, and in each of these friction wedges there is also a shortened antifriction liner located opposite the side wall of smaller thickness;

in addition, the mutual arrangement of said anti-friction liners of different lengths one above the other may be different;

in at least one friction wedge at least one anti-friction liner is installed, in which the area of contact with the side wall of a smaller thickness is greater than the area of contact with the side wall of a larger thickness;

antifriction inserts can be installed in the device case.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a General view of the apparatus in section;

in FIG. 2 - top view;

in FIG. 3 is a top view of the apparatus body;

in FIG. 4 is a general view of a friction wedge with an elongated anti-friction liner;

in FIG. 5 - the same, but with an elongated and shortened anti-friction liners;

- 1 015193 in FIG. 6 is a section AA in FIG. 2;

in FIG. 7 is a section BB in FIG. 2.

The apparatus that absorbs impact energy consists of a housing 1 with side walls of uneven thickness. There are more thickened side walls 2 and less thickened side walls 3, limited by the size of the traction clamp (not shown).

Friction wedges 5 are placed in the housing 1 together with the pressure wedge 4. The wedges 5 are in contact with the damper chippers (not shown).

In an embodiment of the apparatus, in the groove 6 (Fig. 4-7) of each friction wedge 5, an elongated anti-friction liner 7 is inserted, which is located (Fig. 1, 2, 6, 7) on the side of both more or less thickened side walls 2, 3 cases. The anti-friction liner 7 is designed to eliminate the phenomenon of seizure of steel friction surfaces under the influence of friction between the friction wedges 5 and the housing 1 of the apparatus. In the groove 8 (Fig. 5) of the friction wedges 5, a shortened anti-friction liner 9 is also inserted, located (Fig. 1, 2, 7) from the side of the less thickened walls 3 of the housing 1. The anti-friction liner 9 is designed to provide directional wear of the housing due to greater lubrication less thickened walls of the body. The antifriction liners 7 and 9 are made of a softer material than the housing 1 and the friction wedges 5. For example, the housing 1 and the friction wedges can be made of different grades of steel, and their antifriction liners 7 and 9 are made of bronze to provide solid lubrication.

The mutual arrangement of the shortened and elongated anti-friction liners 7 and 9 on top of each other may be different. In the shown embodiment (Fig. 4), the shortened anti-friction liner 9 is located above the elongated anti-friction liner 7. A variant of their mutual arrangement on the contrary is possible.

A placement option (not shown) of the anti-friction liners 7, 9 may be their same location in the housing 1.

It is also possible options (not shown) when at least one antifriction liner 7 can be installed in at least one friction wedge 5 or in the housing 1. Then, such an antifriction liner 7, the contact area with the side wall 3 of a smaller thickness will be larger than the contact area with sidewall 2 of greater thickness.

Flanges 10 (Fig. 3) are made on the upper end of the housing 1 to limit the stroke of the pressure wedge 4, which is pressed by its hooks 11 (Fig. 6) to the upper end of the housing 1 due to the package of elastic blocks 12 (Fig. 6, 7).

Each of the elastic blocks 12 is made in the form of a sleeve, perceiving shock loads. The sleeve can be made of both elastomers (e.g. rubbers) and polymers (e.g. thermoplastic elastomers), characterized by the necessary combination of ductility (relative deformation can reach 0.5) and dissipative properties with high technology and the possibility of utilization of elastic elements that have exhausted your resource. The outer surface of the sleeve of the elastic blocks 12 can be made spherical (as shown) or other shape.

The variety of materials and shapes of elastic blocks 12 determines the versatility of their application, including in products that dampen vibrations, absorb energy, and in various dampers.

The device operates as follows.

Under the action of the shock load, the pressure wedge 4 is shifted, compressing, moving and pressing the friction wedges 5 to the side walls 2, 3 of the housing 1 of the apparatus. The friction force between the friction wedges 5 and the side walls 2, 3 of the housing 1 increases to its greatest value when the elastic blocks 12 are completely compressed inside the housing 1 (at the same values of the given speed and force). In this case, the work spent on putting into operation an apparatus that absorbs impact energy is spent mainly on overcoming friction and is absorbed, turning into thermal energy.

In this case, the anti-friction liners 7 and 9 perform the function of a solid lubricant between the rubbing surfaces of the side walls 2, 3 of the housing 1 and the friction wedges 5, reducing the heating of these surfaces and preventing jamming of the friction wedges 5 in the housing 1, due to the setting phenomenon.

After removing the load, the forces expended previously on the compression of the elastic blocks 12 of the apparatus, ensure the return of all the moving elements of the apparatus to its original position.

The use of the walls of the body of the absorbing apparatus of different thicknesses and different numbers of friction liners with different lengths in this design of the apparatus will allow redistributing wear, i.e. the side walls 3 of the housing wear less than the thicker side walls 2. This ultimately will increase the life of the absorbing apparatus due to directional wear of the side surfaces and, as a result, prevent the appearance of premature cracks and deformations of the body due to the development of the surfaces of these walls during prolonged use apparatus.

Information sources.

1. KI patent No. 2128301 Friction shock absorber, IPC Р16Р 7/08, В6Ю 9/02, priority 1998.06.02, publication 1999.03.27.

- 2 015193

2. Patent No. 8 2002108920 A1 Absorbing apparatus of a railroad car having a large working stroke, IPC V6YU 9/18, priority 2001.05.15, publication 2003.06.10 (prototype).

Claims (7)

1. The apparatus that absorbs impact energy, which includes a multifaceted body, inside of which there is a pressure wedge resting on friction wedges, in which anti-friction liners are installed that form a solid lubricant of the body walls, characterized in that the walls of the apparatus body are made of different thicknesses and from the side side walls of greater thickness the area of solid lubricant is less than from the side of the side walls of lesser thickness. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one friction wedge on the side of the side walls of a larger thickness has less anti-friction liners than on the side of the side walls of a smaller thickness. 3. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that at least two friction wedges are used in it, each of which has an elongated antifriction liner located opposite the side walls of different thicknesses, and a shortened antifriction liner is additionally installed in each of these friction wedges located opposite the side wall of a smaller thickness. 4. The apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the shortened anti-friction liner is located under the elongated anti-friction liner. 5. The apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the shortened anti-friction liner is located above the elongated anti-friction liner. 6. The apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that at least one friction wedge has at least one anti-friction liner in which the area of contact with the side wall of a smaller thickness is greater than the area of contact with the side wall of a larger thickness. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the antifriction liners are located in the apparatus body.