RU2173273C2 - Railway vehicle draft gear - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: railway transport. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to shock-absorbing devices designed for absorbing mechanical energy for reducing longitudinal forces transmitted through automatic coupler to running gear frame. Elastic set of proposed draft gear is divided into two sections. For this purpose clamping member is made in form of rod with locking element at both ends. Plate rigidly secured in middle part of rod divides elastic set into two sections. Elastic sections are pressed by clamping element with different forces. EFFECT: increased energy absorbing capacity of draft gear owing to improved power characteristics of elastic set. 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to railway transport and, in particular, to shock-absorbing devices for absorbing mechanical energy in order to reduce longitudinal forces in a railway rolling stock transmitted through an automatic coupler to a crew frame.

 Known spring-friction absorbing devices PMK-110A, containing a housing, a friction unit, an elastic set and a coupling element [1]. The use of metal springs with a small relative working deformation in these devices limits the maximum possible deformation of the device and the energy consumption with equal dimensions.

 Of the known absorbing apparatuses, the closest in technical essence to the proposed one is the RF-4-31-CF absorbing apparatus comprising a housing, a friction unit, an elastic set of non-metallic elastic elements and a coupling element [2]. This device can be taken as a prototype of the proposed device. In this apparatus, a set of non-metallic elastic elements has a concave power characteristic (the dependence of the force on the deformation of the set), i.e., a small completeness of the power characteristic, which causes a decrease in energy intensity with equal values of the maximum force and deformation of the device.

 The claimed device solves the problem of increasing the energy intensity of the absorbing apparatus by increasing the completeness of the power characteristics of the elastic set.

 This problem is solved by dividing the elastic set into two sections.

 In the proposed absorption apparatus comprising a housing, a friction assembly, an elastic assembly and a coupling member, the coupling member is made in the form of a rod with locking elements at both ends and a washer rigidly fixed to the core in its middle part, which divides the elastic assembly into two sections, and the forces preload sections with a clamping element are different.

 Known features are the presence of a housing, a friction unit, an elastic kit and a coupling element.

 Distinctive features from the prototype are the fact that the coupling element is made in the form of a rod with locking elements at both ends and a washer rigidly fixed to the rod in its middle part, which divides the elastic set into two sections, and the compression forces of the sections by the coupling element are different.

 All the distinguishing features are significant, because only together can they solve the problem.

 The proposed absorbing apparatus of a railway vehicle, having the listed significant differences from known devices of a similar purpose, allows for high energy consumption due to the fact that the different compression force of the sections of the elastic set causes their sequential inclusion in operation in accordance with an increase in the effective force, which ensures high rigidity of the set the beginning of deformation and a relative decrease in the rigidity of the kit with an increase in its deformation, i.e. greater completeness of power characteristics. To create a different force of preloading the sections of the elastic set, the coupling element is made in the form of a rod with locking elements at both ends and a washer rigidly fixed in the middle part of the rod.

 None of the known devices possesses this property. Therefore, the proposed technical solution has significant differences.

 In FIG. 1 shows a General view of the absorbing apparatus; in FIG. 2 - power characteristic of the elastic set of the absorbing apparatus.

 The absorbing device (see Fig. 1) contains a housing 1 with an opening in the bottom, a friction assembly 2 and a tie pin 3 located in the hole of the housing 1. In the middle part of the tie pin 3, a washer 4 is fixed, two sections are located on both sides of it 5 and 6 of the elastic set, tightened by nuts 7 and 8 with different forces.

 The proposed device operates as follows.

 Under the action of an external force transmitted through the friction unit 2 and exceeding the force of the preloaded section 5 of the elastic set, the deformation of this section occurs, preloaded with less force. Section 6 of the elastic elements, the preload force of which exceeds the force transmitted through the friction unit, is not deformed. The stiffness of the entire elastic set is equal to the stiffness of the elements of section 5 and its deformation occurs in the section 9-10 (see Fig. 2) of the load line of the power characteristic.

 After the external force exceeds the preload force of the section 6 of the elastic set, the deformation of both sections of the set occurs. Due to the increase in the number of sequentially located elastic elements of the kit, its rigidity decreases and deformation occurs in the section 10-11 of the load line of the power characteristic.

 After the termination of the action or reduction of external force, the deformation of the sections 5 and 6 of the set due to the elasticity of the elements decreases in the area 11-12, taking into account the hysteresis of the material of the elastic elements. After the section of elastic elements 6 reaches the initial dimensions and the compressive force (taking into account hysteresis), the stiffness of the elastic set becomes equal to the stiffness of section 5, that is, increases due to a decrease in the number of sequentially located elastic elements of the set, and deformation occurs in section 12-13.

SOURCES OF INFORMATION
1. Automatic coupler of railway rolling stock / Kolomiychenko V. V., Kostina N. A., Prokhorenkov V. D., Belyaev V. I. - M.: Transport, 1991, Fig. 45.

 2. Automatic coupler of railway rolling stock / Kolomiychenko V. V., Kostina N. A., Prokhorenkov V. D., Belyaev V. I. - M.: Transport, 1991, Fig. 56.

Claims (1)

 An absorbing device of a railway vehicle, comprising a housing with a friction unit and an elastic set located therein, is pressed by a coupling element, characterized in that the coupling element is made in the form of a rod with locking elements at both ends and a washer rigidly fixed to the rod in its middle part, which divides the elastic set into two sections, and the efforts of compressing the sections with the clamping element are different.

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