EA014386B1 - Method for biological treatment of waste water of livestock complexes milk and meat-processing industries, petrochemical branch and domestic, municipal wastewater and a device therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the microbiological treatment of the domestic, municipal wastewater, outflows of the livestock complexes, meat- and milk-processing industries, wastewater of the enterprises of hydrocarbon process industry from a wide range of contaminants. The invention suggests a method of complete biological treatment of the said wastewater, comprising interaction of the wastewater with symbiosis of Bacilius sp. microbial strains, deposit number VKRM B-5061, and Pseudomonas sp. No. 114, deposit number VKRM B-5060. The invention further relates to a corresponding device for biological treatment of the said wastewater, executed in the form of a hydraulic lock, formed in the drain shaft, wherein the medium with the immobilized microbial strains Bacilius sp. VKRM B-5061 and Pseudomonas sp. No. 114 VKRM B-5060 is placed, the shaft being supplied with an inlet pipe, a vertical transfer pipe and an outlet pipe, the inlet and outlet pipes being located in the bottom area, and the transfer pipe and the outlet pipe being interconnected by an elbowed uniformed cross-section pipe-coupling.

Description

The invention relates to biotechnology, in particular to microbiological wastewater treatment, and can be used for the treatment of domestic, communal wastewater, wastewater from livestock complexes, meat and milk processing plants, and wastewater from petrochemical enterprises.

Chemical, physical, biological and various combined methods are used to treat wastewater of various origins. Moreover, it is traditionally believed that biological treatment methods are more difficult to regulate than physical or chemical treatment methods. Firstly, it is necessary to find microorganisms that decompose polluting agents. Secondly, these microorganisms must have the ability to easily survive and reproduce under the conditions of the process of water purification. In other words, the microorganisms used for water purification must withstand competition with other organisms in the water in order to prevent deviations in cultivation. In addition, microorganisms used for water purification should not be sensitive to changes in their environment, which often occurs in the process of water purification when the load changes.

Nevertheless, given their effectiveness and environmental safety, biological methods are currently considered the most promising for wastewater treatment. Known biological methods at the same time are characterized by the presence of a complex, cumbersome in hardware design multilevel system using aerobic microorganisms that can use organic substances in wastewater as a power source, as a result of which they are oxidized and carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere.

Known methods require large energy consumption and constant monitoring of the following factors:

biomass concentration in the aeration structure (bioreactor);

substrate concentration and composition;

sludge mixture temperature;

dissolved oxygen concentration;

pH of the medium.

The disadvantages of the known methods of wastewater treatment using a consortium of aerobic microorganisms also include the complexity and high cost of the design of bioreactors, energy dependence, the need for constant monitoring by maintenance personnel of the performance of the aeration system, the dependence of the performance of aerobic microorganisms on external factors, a large amount of waste sludge and high costs for its disposal, the presence of an unpleasant odor in the area of treatment facilities. In addition, for wastewater treatment from a wide range of chemical, biological, etc. origin may require a complex mixed population of microorganisms, including a large number of different microorganisms. This, in turn, complicates the process of preparing the population and requires a thorough study of the mutual influence of individual microorganisms on each other under various conditions.

For example, a method for biological wastewater treatment is known, which involves the interaction of wastewater with microorganisms belonging to the group BaeShik ΌΤ-1, Rkeibotoyak akhenea 2-2, and OUTLET ΌΤ-5 (1). The method provides energy savings while maintaining the quality of water treatment and can be used to purify domestic and industrial water. However, the described method does not solve all the problems mentioned above. At the same time, it can be adopted as a prototype for the proposed method.

An alternative to wastewater treatment methods using aerobic microorganisms is the method using anaerobic microorganisms, which have several advantages, the main of which is their higher ability to utilize complex organic and inorganic compounds and resistance to aggressive environments. The possibility of using anaerobes eliminates the need to build bulky bioreactors with forced oxygen supply, which significantly reduces the cost of the wastewater treatment system, reduces subsequent operating costs, practically eliminates the energy consumption and the dependence of the efficiency of the entire treatment system on external factors.

Thus, the object of the invention is to develop a method for treating wastewater of various origins, as well as a corresponding device, which should provide a deeper wastewater treatment from a wide range of contaminants with minimal costs for ensuring operability and maintenance. The method and device, in particular, should have the lowest possible energy intensity, lower operating costs with higher efficiency. The method and device must be independent of external factors.

The problem is solved by the claimed method of biological wastewater treatment of livestock, dairy, meat, petrochemical industries and domestic wastewater, including the interaction of wastewater with microorganisms, due to the fact that BaeShik kr., Having a depositor number VKPM B, is used as microorganism -5061, and Rkeibotoyak cr. No. 114, having a depositor number VKPM B-5060.

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In the proposed method, the principle of natural self-purification of water is used and strains are used, the characteristics of which most fully satisfy the solution of the problem of deep biological treatment, depending on the specific parameters of the wastewater in the complete absence of negative side effects. They are made once and do not require updating. These microorganism strains are archebacteria, optional, osmophilic (tolerant) and easily use amino acids as a source of carbon and energy, therefore, any protein substances can serve as a source of carbon nutrition for them.

Thermophilic strain VasShik cr. VKPM B-5061 was tested for the survivability of microflora in the range from -15 to 90 ° C and is a mixture of adhering activated sludge bacteria in the form of rounded gram-negative movable sticks that form zooscopes. The culture is not demanding on nutrient media and can be cultivated on ordinary plate and beveled meat-peptone agar (meat-peptone broth), on dried active waste sludge under anaerobic conditions. Colonies of this strain on agar (90 ° C; 24 h) are round with a diameter of up to 1.5 mm, convex, slightly phosphorizing, but not staining the medium. Anaerobic with a high growth temperature (up to 90 ° C), the optimum growth temperature is T-30-75 ° C, pH 6.2-8.6. It has catalase, oxidase and urease activities. Previously, the authors suggested its use for the decomposition of oil products and phosphates (2).

Rkeiboshopak kr. No. 114 VKPM B-5060 develop well on ordinary standard media (meat-peptone agar, meat-peptone broth) and are gram-negative polymorphic bacilli with rounded ends measuring 0.8 by 1.0-1.5 μm with cytoplasm vacuumed by phase contrast microscopy (spores and do not form capsules). The culture does not dilute gelatin, does not form indole, does not ferment glucose, sucrose, mannitol. Previously, the authors suggested its use for the decomposition of carbamite and ammonia (3). Strain Rkeiboshopak cr. No. 114 VKPM B-5060 has less pathogenicity for white mice than E. coli. Absolutely tolerated by animals dose of the strain Rkeiboshopak kr. No. 114 VKPM B-5060 for intrauterine infection is 150,000 microbial bodies versus 100,000 microbial bodies of E. coli.

According to the results of chemical analyzes carried out at a number of biological treatment plants, it can be concluded that the main pollutants are organic and inorganic compounds, nitrogen compounds and phosphates. The proposed method uses microorganisms capable of utilizing complex organic and inorganic compounds 3-5 times, nitrogen compounds 5-7 times, phosphates 3-4 times, oil products 3-5 times better than aerobes. Tests also showed that the great advantage of sharing these strains is the possibility of their existence in highly concentrated effluents and significant flexibility in relation to nutrition (almost the full range of pollutants contained in wastewater of any origin), despite the fact that they were previously known separately as a means of treating wastewater from a highly specific spectrum of pollutants.

In preferred forms of implementing the inventive method, the interaction of wastewater with microorganisms is carried out in a water trap, in which the medium with immobilized strains of microorganisms is placed, by supplying wastewater from the bottom up.

The problem is also solved by a device for biological wastewater treatment of livestock, dairy, meat, petrochemical enterprises and domestic wastewater in the manner described above, made in the form of at least one hydraulic seal, in which the medium with immobilized strains of microorganisms VasShik cr. VKPM B-5061 and Rkeiboshopak kr. No. 114 VKPM V-5060, while the water seal is equipped with an inlet pipe, a vertical overflow pipe and an outlet pipe, the inlet and outlet pipes being located in the bottom zone, and the overflow pipe and the outlet pipe are connected by a bent elbow of constant cross section.

Earlier, one of the authors proposed a similar design (2), in which a vertical overflow pipe was articulated with an outlet pipe with a conical run-off, which serves as an ejector, for the release of clarified water. However, tests have shown that when using a cranked drive of a constant cross section, the process of drainage of clarified water is even intensified. In addition, this greatly simplifies and reduces the cost of manufacturing the elements of the device (elbow) and the structure as a whole.

In some forms of implementation, the inventive device may contain at least one additional water lock without medium with microorganisms, connected by its inlet pipe to the output pipe of the water seal located in front of it.

The inventive device in a simple and convenient way can be performed in the inspection wells and sewer pipelines in the order of their modernization.

Further, the inventive method and device for biological wastewater treatment of livestock, dairy, meat, petrochemical and domestic wastewater enterprises will be discussed in more detail in some possible preferred, but not limiting embodiments, with reference to the drawings in which FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the inventive water seal;

FIG. 2 is a diagram of a modernized sewer network with a three-stage wastewater treatment.

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In FIG. 1 schematically depicts the inventive water trap, which is made in the sewer well 1, contains an inlet pipe 2, an outlet pipe 3 and a vertical overflow pipe 4, connected to the outlet pipe 3 by a elbow 5 of constant cross section. The inlet pipe 2 and the outlet pipe 3 are located in the bottom zone of the well 1. A medium 6 with immobilized strains of BaeSchiz sp. VKPM B-5061 and Rzeiboshoyaz sp. No. 114 VKPM B-5060. The upper end of the vertical overflow pipe 4 is installed at a distance of about b = 0-0.6 m from the cover 7 of the well 1.

In FIG. 2 is a diagram of a modernized sewer network with a three-stage wastewater treatment, including interconnected sewer wells 1, 8 and 9, each of which is equipped with a water trap in accordance with FIG. 1, and in well 1, medium with immobilized strains of BaeSchiz sp. VKPM B-5061 and Rzeiboshoyaz sp. No. 114 VKPM B-5060.

The method is as follows.

Hydraulic locks are installed in the inspection wells of the existing sewage system in accordance with FIG. one.

Through the inlet pipe 2, the drain enters the inspection wells 1 with a water lock containing an overflow pipe 4 connected to the outlet pipe 3 by an elbow 5 of constant cross section. Medium 6 is placed in well 1 with immobilized strains of BaeSchiz sp microorganisms. VKPM B-5061 and Rzeiboshoyaz sp. No. 114 VKPM B-5060. Thus, the modernized well 1, into which an immobilized strain of microorganisms is introduced for the treatment of effluents, is a bioreactor of the simplest design, where activated sludge is formed and adapted to the processed effluent.

The principle of operation of the inventive device is more clearly shown in FIG. 2, where the arrows show the trajectory of the movement of effluents - from bottom to top for each well 1, 8, 9.

In the first well in the process flow diagram 1, into which an immobilized strain of microorganisms is introduced for the treatment of effluents, the main effluent treatment takes place using the claimed method, and all subsequent wells in the flow diagram are 8, 9 and, if necessary, etc. perform the functions of post-treatment. Wells 1, 8, 9, etc. interconnected by aeration tanks 10. From well 1, basically the cleaned water flows through anaerotene 10 from bottom to top into well 8, etc.

Anaerotenk 10 is a pipeline (trunk) with branches in different directions and is installed at the bottom of the well (filtration fields, etc.). For ease of installation, cheapening and increasing the durability of the structure, the anaerotanks 10 are made of ordinary steel pipes used in industry.

The invention will also be illustrated by examples.

Example 1

The operation of wastewater treatment plants for household and rain wastewater (EKOL-9 with a capacity of up to 9 m ³ per day) at a gas station did not provide for the treatment of runoff to established parameters (ammonia nitrogen and oil products). After the implementation of the proposed method, the operation of the treatment plant was normalized and ammonia nitrogen decreased from 400-650 mg / L at the inlet to the treatment plant to 25-40 mg / L at the outlet (before applying the proposed method, they were 400-650 mg / L at the entrance and 150 -200 mg / l at the outlet), and the indicators of petroleum products, respectively, decreased from 2-5 mg / l to 0.1-0.2 mg / l (it was 2-5 mg / l - 0.4-0.65 mg / l). It is also important that the work of the proposed method was carried out at the same capacities as the work of EKOL-9, but with the exception of energy costs (blowers and other energy consumers were turned off), the unpleasant odor in the area of treatment facilities disappeared.

Example 2

An experiment was conducted in the laboratory of the dairy industry plant: the sample provided by the enterprise consisted of 1/3 of the wastewater of the enterprise and 2/3 of serum. The liquid was spilled proportionally into two flasks. One of the samples remained unchanged, and the proposed anaerobic microorganisms were added to the second (BaeSchiz sp. VKPM B-5061 and Rzeiboshoyaz sp. No. 114 VKPM B-5060). These flasks were not exposed to any other influences until the analysis on BOD-5. On the 5th day, the results were obtained on BOD-5 without additives = 6300 mg / l;

with the proposed microorganisms = 4900 mg / l.

This experiment clearly confirms the high efficiency of the proposed microorganisms (reduction of BOD-5 by 22% in stationary conditions), their viability in extreme conditions (aerobes in such environments do not survive).

Example 3

In the system of treatment facilities with a capacity of 400 m ³ per day, representing three filtration fields, a symbiosis of special anaerobic microorganisms (BaeSchiz sp. VKPM B-5061 and Rzeiboshoyaz sp. No. 114 VKPM B-5060) was introduced and three months later stable indicators (MPC norms) established for treatment facilities that discharge into open water bodies and use aeration methods to treat wastewater. These MPC standards (for petroleum products and ammonia nitrogen the level of indicators was much lower than established) were achieved even without

- 3 014 386 some technical solutions at existing facilities (these technical solutions relate to improving the conditions of contact of the effluent with activated sludge, are simple and inexpensive to implement, but increase the efficiency of the treatment system by 20-30%) and with larger scatter and high parameters the flow entering the treatment plant (filtration fields), in comparison with the parameters of the flow entering the standard capital treatment plant using aerobic processes (the absence of averaging tanks in front of the fields iltration).

In the table. 1 shows the indicators of runoff before and after cleaning the proposed method.

Table 1

No. p / p Parameter Name Parameters (ιηίη / max) at the entrance to the treatment plant (mg / dm ³ ) Parameters (ιηΐη / max) at the outlet of the treatment plant (mg / dm ³ ) Decrease by more than (times) one Ammonium Nitrogen 34/95 5,4 / 10 nine 2 BPK-5 94/515 5,4 / 10 thirteen 3 Oil products 0.8 / 2.5 0,03 / 0,08 fifty 4 Suspended matter 152/385 8.8 / 34 10 5 Phosphates 8.7 / 11.9 4.3 / 5.1 2 6 Chlorides 52/80 47/54 1,5 7 APAV 1.9 / 3.3 0.2 / 0.37 5 8 pH 7.05 / 8.12 7.03 / 7.2 norm nine Dry residue 492/1182 248/440 4

Thus, through the easy labor-saving modernization of the sewage systems of enterprises, the existing capacity of sewage treatment plants in the housing and communal services system, the necessary conditions are created for the life of a particular symbiosis of anaerobic microorganisms by changing the flow rate from bottom to top for better contact of wastewater with activated sludge.

The advantages of the proposed method in comparison with traditional methods using the aeration principle:

a higher degree of wastewater treatment in both standard and volley discharge modes;

lack of need for the construction of expensive, complex and bulky bioreactors in hardware;

the system’s performance does not depend on energy sources and does not require constant monitoring of the cleaning system’s performance:

a much smaller number of maintenance personnel that do not require special training;

high reliability of the entire cleaning method due to the lack of dependence of the performance of aerobic microorganisms on the composition of the incoming runoff, human, energy and external factors;

a much smaller amount of waste sludge and its labor-intensive disposal;

the absence of any mechanisms and complex structures to ensure the operability of the system reduces operating costs to almost zero;

higher environmental friendliness due to the characteristics of the strains used;

much lower cost of the entire cleaning system.

From the foregoing, it follows that the use of this method is economically viable, industrially applicable, as evidenced by the examples, has an inventive step, since the effect achieved and its environmental effect are significantly superior to methods using aeration.

Literature

1. Patent VI No. 2272793 C2, publ. 10/10/2003.

2. Patent VI No. 2235692 C2, publ. 09/10/2004.

3. A. S. 8I No. 1735210 A1, publ. 05/23/1992.

Claims (4)

CLAIM 1. The method of complete biological wastewater treatment of livestock, dairy, meat, petrochemical and household wastewater enterprises, including the interaction of wastewater with symbiosis of strains of microorganisms VaeShik cr. VKPM B-5061 and Rkeiboshopak cr. No. 114 VKPM B-5060. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the interaction is carried out in a hydraulic seal formed in the sewer well, in which the medium with the immobilized strains of microorganisms is placed, by feeding wastewater from the bottom up. 3. Device for complete biological treatment of wastewater from livestock enterprises, - 4,014,386 of the dairy, meat, petrochemical and household waste water method according to claims 1, 2, made in the form of a hydraulic seal formed in a sewer well, which contains the environment with immobilized strains of microorganisms VaeShik cr. VKPM B-5061 and Rkeiboshopak cr. No. 114 VKPM B-5060, while the well is equipped with an inlet pipe, a vertical overflow pipe and an outlet pipe, the inlet and outlet pipes are located in the bottom zone, and the overflow pipe and outlet pipe are interconnected by a crankcase with constant cross section. 4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that it contains at least one additional water seal formed in an additional sewer well, which initially does not contain the medium with microorganisms, while the additional well is connected by its inlet pipe with the outlet pipe located in front of it.