EA008031B1 - Sowing machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a sowing machine for distributing seeds and/or fertilisers. Said sowing machine comprises a frame, a reservoir, ploughshares and two closing rollers and/or deep guiding rollers which are arranged to the rear of and on the ploughshares in a transversal manner in relation to the direction of travel. Said rollers are arranged in an opposite slanted manner in relation to each other, when seen from above, and form an open V shape in the direction of travel. The aim of the invention is to ensure, with simple means, that the seeds enter into requisite contact with the soil such that loose soil is arranged above the pressed seeds and pressed layer of soil. A rotationally mounted roller, which is in line with the ploughshare, is arranged between the ploughshare and the rollers.

Description

The invention relates to a planter described in the restrictive part of claims 1 and 7 of the claims.

A seeder of this type is described, for example, in unpublished German patent application N 10228020. In this seeder, openers have skidding rollers and / or guides at a depth, which, when viewed from above, are mounted with the opposite slope, in the form of a V, opening in the direction of movement . With the help of these rollers, the soil thrown off by the openers after planting the seeds in the furrow for planting again starts up this furrow, so that the seeds are covered with soil and a relatively flat soil surface is obtained.

With the help of these rollers, installed as described above, it is impossible to press the seeds laid in the furrow. However, in some cases it is necessary to press the seeds to the aquifer of the soil in order to create optimal conditions for their germination. In other embodiments, the planters directly behind the coulters are located with them on the same straight pressure rollers, which press the soil over the seeds. In this case, especially on wet soils, in the dry season, a dense and solid layer is formed through which the seedlings cannot penetrate. The seeding grooves themselves remain open grooves.

In the German application N 3223378 described planter, in which chisel-shaped coulters mounted on the frame with the ability to move in a vertical plane using a parallelogram holder having upper and lower driving levers. The upper driving lever of the parallelogram holder consists of two parts, which are held by the spring device relative to each other in an extended position. When a chisel-shaped coulter collides with an obstacle firmly held in the soil, the upper drive lever folds up, overcoming the spring force, as a result of which the coulter in its lower area can lean back and slide along this obstacle rising up. This prevents damage to the coulter. However, such stone protection using a spring device is expensive.

The basis of the invention is to provide with simple means a good contact of the seeds with the soil and the presence of loose soil over the pressed seeds and the pressed soil layer.

According to the invention, this problem is solved by the fact that between the chisel-shaped opener and the rollers, the skating rink which is in line with the chisel-shaped opener is mounted for rotation. Due to this, the roller is installed between the chisel-shaped coulter and the closing and / or guide rollers located at a depth at the depth of the rollers, the seeds are pressed against the soil, and then with the help of the guide rollers at the depth and closing rollers the loose soil moves into the furrow for sowing over the pressed area.

In order to ensure the effective supply of soil to the sowing furrow, these rollers have a circumferential edge at an angle to their working surface, preferably made toothed.

A simple fixing of the seed presser rollers on a chisel-shaped coulter is achieved by the fact that the seed presser roller is attached to the chisel-shaped coulter of the seeder with the aid of a swinging arm and with the possibility of loading with a spring device in the direction of the furrow for sowing. This ensures a sufficiently reliable pressing of seeds to the aquifer of the soil. In addition, the seed presser can follow the unevenness of the soil or be removed from the obstacles held firmly in the soil without damage.

In order to ensure optimal pressing of seeds to the soil under various conditions, it is envisaged that the presser seed roller is replaceable and can be replaced with a presser seed roller that has a different width. In this way, optimum seed rollers can be used.

Favorable seed laying in the soil and optimal conditions for their germination can be achieved by the fact that the seed pressure roller is designed in such a way that seeds laid with a chisel-shaped opener in the furrow for sowing, with some soil above the seeds, are pressed to the soil, in this case, after the seeds are pressed by the pressing roller, the rollers located in the shape of the letter V at the depth lead the loose soil into the furrow.

In order to ensure optimal conditions for seed germination in the furrow, even in cases where the pressing of seeds is undesirable, it is provided that the seed pressure roller with its holder is mounted on the vomer with the possibility of easy removal. Due to this, the seed pressure roller can optionally be either mounted on the coulter or removed from it.

To provide simple protection of the coulter from colliding with stones or other obstacles firmly seated in the soil, and thus prevent damage to it, a chisel-shaped loosening element is mounted on the body of the chisel-shaped coulter with the help of a hinge with the possibility of deflecting with overcoming the elastic force directed opposite to the direction of movement. This eliminates the need for an expensive top drive arm design. In addition, when the point of a bit collides with an obstacle firmly held in the soil, not all the opener will deflect, but only its chisel-shaped loosening element, i.e. much smaller share It should also be noted that this design is very simple.

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When the chisel-shaped element is deflected backward, its surface bends from the front from top to back down and draws the coulter away from the obstacle, and if the coulter is fixed to the frame using a parallelogram holder, the coulter will be raised further. This inclined surface can be formed by one chisel-shaped element or together with its fastening elements on the opener housing. Due to the small moving masses of one bit or bit together with its holder and the low lift of the coulter in a collision, the stone protection performed in this way can be used even at the highest sowing speeds (modern tractors can move the seeder across the field at a speed of 20 km / h) and can be made relatively inexpensive.

It is advisable that the spring tension, creating an elastic force, was located vertically in front of the vertical front area of the body of the chisel-shaped vomer.

To protect the elastic spring that generates the elastic force, it is advisable that it be located vertically inside the body of the chisel-shaped coulter.

A simple installation of a loosening element on the coulter body is achieved due to the fact that the chisel-shaped loosening element is pivotally connected to the body of the opener by means of linings extending to the side of the opener body.

In order for the extension spring not to be in the lower area, where the soil and the crop residues on it can fall on it and impair its operation, it is provided that there is a extension between the loosening element and the extension spring.

To prevent damage to the stretching spring and stretching, it is provided that the stretching spring and / or stretching are located in a protected area of the coulter body. The chisel-shaped element is mounted on the coulter housing, preferably with the possibility of easy removal and, if damaged or worn, may be replaced by another. The spring can be tightened with a threaded element and loosen for replacement. The chisel-shaped element with its holder can be made so that after loosening or removing the spring it is disconnected from the coulter body.

To create a good contact of the seeds with the soil and to keep the loose soil above the pressed seeds and the pressed soil layer, it is provided that the roller is in rotation with the chisel opener between the chisel-shaped vomer and the rollers. Due to the roller installed between the chisel-shaped coulter and V-shaped closing and / or rollers at the depth, the seeds are pressed against the soil, and then the guides at the depth and the closing rollers shift the loose soil into the furrow for sowing over the pressed area.

Other features of the invention are disclosed in the description of examples of its implementation, followed by drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 depicts a chisel-shaped coulter of a planter according to the invention with a seed presser roller and roller rollers closing and / or guiding at a depth in a side view, FIG. 2 — opener in front view, FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the coulter of the planter according to the invention, in a side view with a chisel-loosening tip in the working position, FIG. 4 shows the opener shown in FIG. 3, in a front view, FIG. 5 shows a chisel-shaped seed coulter shown in FIG. 3, with a chisel loosening element deflected backward due to a collision with an obstacle firmly held by the soil, and FIG. 6 shows a chisel-shaped seed coulter shown in FIG. 3, with a presser seed roller and closing and / or depth rollers at a depth in the side view.

Shown in FIG. 1 and 2, the coulter of the drill, made in the form of the chisel-shaped coulter 1, is mounted on the drill frame. On this frame, the chisel-shaped coulters 1 are installed in several transverse rows one after the other and at a distance from each other. Bit-shaped coulters 1 have a body 2 mounted on a frame with the help of parallelogram holders 3 with the ability to move in a vertical plane. The coulter housing 2 has in its lower region a chisel-shaped element 4, which forms a chisel coulter 1 with the housing 2. Inside the coulter housing 2 there is a seed guide, in which the seeds fed to each coulter from the central distributor are placed in the furrow 5 for sowing, created chisel-shaped element 4. For chisel-shaped coulter 1 on its body 2 with the help of the holder 6 are installed obliquely to the direction of movement 7 two closing and / or guides at a depth of the roller 8, located each other Bother, when viewed from above, in the form of a letter V. These guides at a depth of the rollers 8 have a circumferential edge 10 at an angle to their working surface 9, which, as shown in FIG. 1 and 2, is serrated. The rollers 8, as indicated above, are installed in the form of a letter V, opening in the direction of 7 movement. Between the chisel-shaped coulter 1 and the rollers 8 there is a presser roller 11 for seeds, mounted rotatably on the holder 13 by means of the rocking lever 12 and in line with the chisel-shaped coulter 1 of the planter. The seed pressure roller 11, together with the oscillating lever 12, is fixed on the chisel-shaped coulter 1 and is loaded with a spring device 14 in the direction of the furrow 5 for sowing. The roller 11 is removable and can

- 2 008031 to be replaced by a pressure roller with a different width. Broader pressure rollers are used on solid soils than on soft ones.

The seed pressure roller 11 is designed in such a way that it presses the seeds 15 laid with a chisel-shaped opener 1 of the seeder into the furrow 5 for sowing, along with some of the soil above the seeds 15. After pressing the seeds 15, the pressure roller 11 covers the furrow and guides at a depth, the rollers 8, arranged in the shape of a letter V, bring loose soil into furrow 5 and after sowing a flat soil surface is formed.

In accordance with FIG. 3-5, the chisel-shaped coulters 101 are fixed on the drill frame with the help of parallelogram holders 102 with the possibility of movement in the vertical plane. The parallelogram holder has an upper link 103 and a lower link 104 pivotally connected to the frame 105 with its front ends and holding the opposite end of the body 106 of the chisel-shaped coulter 101. Behind the coulter 101 there is a roller 107 for direction at depth and possibly for closing the furrow for sowing. Inside the chisel-shaped coulter 101, there are guides for seeds, along which the seeds from the bunker go through the distributor to the bottom of the chisel-shaped coulter 101 for placement in the sowing furrow formed by it.

With the lower part of the body 106 of the chisel-shaped coulter 101 by means of two lining 122 extending from the side of the body 106, the chisel-shaped loosening element 108 is hingedly connected. have in the upper part, at a distance from the hinge 109, a hinged fastener 110, in which a brace 111 is fixed with the help of a hinged bolt 112. A spring 113 is attached to the upper end of the brace 111 stringing, fixed in the upper housing portion 106 coulter. This upper mount 114 is made in the form of a member with a variable length, so as to be able to set the tension of the tension spring or its preload. The extension spring 113 extends vertically in front of the front vertical region of the body 106 of the chisel-shaped coulter 101 and is located in a protected area. In the lower region, in the slot, made in the coulter 106, there is a stretching 111.

The chisel-shaped loosening element 108 is fixed on the body 106 of the chisel-shaped planter 101 101 with the help of a hinge 109 and can be deflected to overcome the spring force directed opposite to the direction of motion 115, as shown in FIG. five.

Installed with the possibility of deflection of the chisel loosening element 108 operates as follows.

In operation, the chisel-shaped loosening element 108 is in the position shown in FIG. 3. When a chisel loosening element 108 collides with a firmly held soil obstacle 116, it deflects backwards, overcoming the elastic force of the spring 113, in the direction opposite to the direction of motion 115, as shown in FIG. 5. Due to this, the chisel-shaped coulter 101 of the planter can slide along this obstacle 116 and pass over it, while the coulter rises somewhat. After passing through the obstacle 116 which is firmly held in the soil, the chisel-shaped loosening element 108 is again retracted into the working position shown in FIG. 3

Depicted in FIG. 6, the coulter of the drill, made in the form of a chisel-shaped coulter 101, is mounted on the drill frame. On this frame, the chisel-shaped coulters 101 are installed in several transverse rows one after the other and at a distance from each other. The bit-shaped coulters 101 of the planter have a body 106 fixed with the help of parallelogram holders 102 on the frame of the planter with the possibility of movement in the vertical plane. The coulter housing 106 has in its lower part a chisel-shaped element 108 forming together with it a chisel-shaped coulter 101. Inside the shoe coulter 106 there is a seed guide, in which the seeds fed to each coulter from the central distributor are placed in the furrow 5 for sowing, created by the chisel-shaped element 108. Behind the chisel-shaped opener 101 on its body 106 with the help of the holder 117 are installed the closing and / or guiding rollers 107 at a depth located obliquely to the direction 115 of movement.

These rollers 107 are mounted relative to each other, when viewed from above, in the shape of the letter V.

The depth guide rollers 107 have a toothed circumferential edge at an angle to their working surface, as shown in the drawings. The rollers 107, as indicated above, are mounted in the form of a letter V, opening in the direction 115 of movement. Between the chisel-shaped coulter 101 and the rollers 107 by means of a rocking arm 119 on the holder 120 is installed with the possibility of rotation of the presser seed roller 118, located in line with the chisel-shaped coulter 101. The presser roller 118 for seeds together with the rocking lever 119 is fixed on the chisel-shaped coulter 101 and with the help of the spring device 121 should be loaded in the direction of the furrow 5 for planting. The seed pressure roller 118 is replaceable and can be replaced with pressure seed rollers having a different width. Wider seed rollers for seeds are used on solid soils than on soft ones.

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The seed press roller 118 is designed in such a way that it presses seeds, laid with a chisel-shaped coulter 101, into the furrow 5 for sowing, together with some soil above the seeds. After the seeds are pressed by the pressure roller 118, the furrows that close the furrow and guide rollers 107 located in the shape of a letter V lead the loose soil to furrow 5 for sowing and after sowing a flat soil surface forms.

Claims (19)

CLAIM 1. A seeder for applying seeds and / or fertilizers, containing a frame, a storage hopper, chisel openers (1) and two located behind them and attached to them, mounted obliquely to the direction (7) of movement of the closing and / or guides at the depth of the roller ( 8), which, when viewed from above, are installed with an opposite slope in the form of a letter V, opening in the direction of movement (7), characterized in that a roller is rotatably mounted between the chisel opener (1) and said rollers (8) ( 11) located on one line and with a chisel opener (1). 2. A seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the rollers (8) have a circumferential edge (10) located at an angle to their working surface (9), preferably made toothed. 3. A seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that said seed press roller (11) is mounted on a chisel opener with a swing arm (12) and can be loaded towards the furrow (5) for sowing with a spring device (14). 4. A seeder according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the seed press roller (11) is interchangeable and can be replaced by a seed press roller, which has a different width. 5. The seeder according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the pressure roller (11) for seeds is made in such a way that it presses the seeds (15) placed on the soil by the chisel opener (1) into the furrow (5) for sowing, together with a certain amount of soil above the seeds (15), moreover, after pressing the seeds (15) with the pressure roller (11), the guides at the depth of the roller (8), installed in the form of the letter V, are inserted into the furrow (5) for sowing loose soil. 6. The seeder according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the seed press roller (11) with its swinging lever (12) is mounted on the seed coulter (1) with the possibility of easy removal. 7. A seeder for applying seeds and / or fertilizers, containing a frame, a storage hopper, chisel openers and located behind the openers and guides mounted on them at the depth of the roller, moreover, chisel openers in their area, penetrating into the soil and forming a furrow for sowing, have chisel-like loosening element, characterized in that the chisel-like loosening element (108) is mounted on the body (106) of the chisel opener (101) by means of a hinge (109) with the possibility of deviation in the opposite direction (115) ) movement, and is connected by means of a stretch (111) with a spring (113) to overcome its elastic force. 8. The seeder according to claim 7, characterized in that the tension spring, creating elastic force, is located vertically in front of the vertical front region of the body of the chisel-type opener. 9. A seeder according to claim 7, characterized in that the tension spring (113) creating elastic force is located vertically inside the body (106) of the chisel opener (101). 10. A seeder according to claim 7, characterized in that the chisel-like loosening element (108) is pivotally mounted on the opener body (106) by means of overlays (122) extending to the side of the opener body (106). 11. A seeder according to one or more of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the tension spring and / or extension (111) are located in the protected area of the coulter body (106). 12. A seeder according to claim 7, characterized in that the coulters are mounted on the frame using parallelogram holders (102) with the possibility of movement in the vertical plane. 13. A seeder according to one or more of claims 1 to 12 for applying seeds and / or fertilizers, comprising a frame, a storage hopper, chisel openers and two guides located behind them and fixed to them at the depth of the roller, characterized in that between the chisel with the opener (101) and said rollers (107), the roller (118) is mounted rotatably in line with the chisel opener. 14. A seeder according to one or more of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the rollers (107) are made in the form of cover and / or guides installed at an depth of the rollers installed obliquely to the direction (115), which, when viewed from above, are mounted with opposite slope in the form of the letter V, opening in the direction (115) of movement. 15. The seeder according to one or more of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the rollers (107) have a circumferential edge located at an angle to their working surface, preferably made of gear. - 4 008031 16. A seeder according to claim 13, characterized in that said seed press roller (118) is mounted on a chisel opener (101) with a swing arm (119) and can be loaded with a spring device (121) in the direction of the furrow (5) for sowing. 17. A seeder according to one or more of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the seed press roller (118) is interchangeable and can be replaced by a seed press roller with a different width. 18. A seeder according to one or more of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the seed press roller (118) is made in such a way that the seeds laid by the chisel opener (101) in the sowing furrow are pressed against the soil together with a certain amount soil above the seeds, and after pressing the seeds with the pressure roller (118), the guides at the depth of the roller (107), installed in the form of the letter V, lead loose soil into the furrow (5) for sowing. 19. The seeder according to one or more of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the seed press roller (118) with its swinging lever (119) is mounted on the seed drill coulter (101) with the possibility of easy removal.