EA009157B1 - Seed sowing machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The machine has a frame on which there arranged a set of movable vertically sowing ploughs (7), positioned one after another in a set of transverse rows and displaced laterally to each other with gaps there between. Depth guide rollers (9) are allocated to the ploughs, controlling the depth of penetration into the soil (10), each plough has a changeable chisel plough insertable in a plough body with a holder in an interchangeable manner, the holder have blades extending over both holder sides. To improve the prior art of the seeding machine for universal applicability and further use it for leveling the soil surface after ploughs with blades extending therefrom behind each plough the arranged two disc roller elements, which are viewed in top view, inclined oppositely as V letter, and engaged to an opening that is inclined in a driving direction

Description

The invention relates to a seeder according to the restrictive part of claim 1 of the claims.

A seeder of this type is known from ΌΕ 4237093 A1. This seeder has a coulter chisel mounted in the coulter with replaceable together with its holder. This chisel is mainly used for direct sowing. A chisel breaks through the untreated soil into a narrow furrow, at the bottom of which are placed the seeds coming from the seed tubes attached to the opener body. If, at the moment of introducing seeds into the soil, it is necessary simultaneously to perform mechanical destruction of weeds, then the chisel is replaced with a part of the opener with a holder, on which blades protruding from the side are mounted. When run through the soil, the blades cut the roots of the plants on its surface during so-called seeding with mulching. Sowing with mulching is carried out especially when the soil has already been treated with tillage tools at an earlier working stage in order to cause the germination of lost grain and weed seeds on the soil surface. The roots of these germinating weeds and the lost grain are cut off by blades protruding from the side of the holder. When the coulters, together with the protruding sides of the blades, move in the soil, in order to destroy the weeds and at the same time create a furrow for sowing, the blades sprinkle the soil on the sides, forming earthen ramparts. In a well-known seeder, these earthen ramparts cannot be removed satisfactorily with the help of rollers attached to the coulter at a depth. The earthen rails poured on the sides can be leveled with the help of the so-called rotary harrow, powered by an engine, which is installed behind the seeder. However, this solution is time consuming and costly. Therefore, openers with protruding lateral blades, also called cultivator openers, have not yet found wide application in practice.

The basis of the invention lies in the task of improving the well-known seeder, making it more universal, so that it can simply align the earthen ramparts piled by openers with protruding side blades.

According to the invention, this problem is solved by the fact that behind each coulter there are two disk or roller elements, which, when viewed from above, are installed with opposite slopes in the form of a V, open in the direction of motion.

Thanks to these discs or roller elements behind the coulters, in a simple and economical way, without adding additional costly structural elements, the earth walls are leveled and the soil moves back into the furrow for sowing.

From ΌΕ 10228020 A1, a seeder for direct sowing is already known, containing a coulter with a chisel in which disk or roller elements are located behind the coulter, mounted, when viewed from above, with opposite slopes, in the form of a V, open in the direction of motion. These disc elements should again level the soil surface, removing the earth walls, poured on the sides with a narrow chisel bit, and move the ground back into the furrow for sowing. Until now, there has been a prejudice against the use of these rollers with such coulters with blades protruding from the side. This invention has allowed to overcome this prejudice in an unexpected way.

To eliminate the possibility of clogging of disk or roller elements during operation, these elements are installed with the possibility of free rotation.

In order to ensure reliable rotation of the disk and roller elements even in difficult conditions, these elements are made in the form of rollers having a circumferential rolling surface, the outer lateral edge of which preferably has flanges slightly bent in the radial direction outwards.

A simple arrangement of protruding lateral from the opener blades is achieved by the fact that the holder has on its lower side or in its lower region a fastener on which protruding laterally protruding blades. Thanks to this simple attachment, the blades, when worn, can be easily replaced with new ones, and you can also remove the blades from the holder to use the coulter with the holder as a chisel for digging a narrow groove.

The long service life of the bit is achieved due to the fact that it has a wear-resistant plate on its front side at the top, preferably tungsten carbide.

Good penetration into the soil of the opener with lateral protruding blades protruding from the side, as well as a long service life of the blades, is due to the fact that the lower region of the bit or holder protrudes below the lower edge of the blade.

To make it possible to simply replace the coulter bit with a holder with protruding sides of the blades, the holders of the coulter bit and the parts of the opener are identical.

The versatility of the holder, both with protruding lateral blades, and without them, allowing one to adapt to these conditions of use, is achieved by making the fastener for the blades in such a way that after removing the blades, the holder or the coulter chisel with the holder can be used as a chisel for furrowing seva.

To increase the service life of the blades, they at least in the lateral region contain a wear-resistant material, preferably a coating or plate of tungsten carbide.

In order to optimally, in accordance with the conditions of use, to ensure a good alignment of the earth rolls poured by the openers with blades, the measures specified in paragraph 13 are provided

- 1 009157 and 14 claims.

So that it is possible to distribute seeds from a vomer with broad blades protruding from the side, in the form of band seeding, it is provided that there is a reflector under the blades of the vomer.

To further ensure the versatility of the drill, there is an additional chisel of the opener with lateral expansion elements in its lower region, with a reflector located behind the chisel under the hole of the seed tube.

The coulter chisel with lateral expansion elements creates a wider furrow in which the seeds are stacked with a reflector, with distribution along a narrow strip.

A particularly good wide furrow for sowing, without loosening too much land on the side, is achieved by the fact that the leading edge of the expansion elements is located at a distance from the front region of the coulter bit.

To increase the service life of the expansion bit and expansion elements, it is provided that a wear-resistant plate, preferably tungsten carbide, is located in at least in the front lower area of the expansion elements.

Further features of the invention are indicated in the remaining dependent claims and in the description of examples of its implementation, accompanied by drawings in which FIG. 1 schematically shows the planter in a side view, FIG. 2 is a side view of the coulter; FIG. 3 - opener in section along ΙΙΙ-ΙΙΙ; FIG. 4 — opener in front view, FIG. 5 shows a vomer with another embodiment of rollers in a side view, FIG. 6 — opener in section along разрез-ΥΙ; FIG. 7 — opener in front view, FIG. 8 - running roller in a section along the USH-USH; FIG. 9 - coulter chisel, made in the form of a holder, with blades protruding from the side, in perspective; FIG. 10 - holder with blades according to FIG. 9 in a side view, FIG. 11 - the holder according to FIG. 9 with protruding side blades in the rear view; FIG. 12 - coulter chisel, made in the form of a holder according to FIG. 9, with a fastener and without blades, in perspective; FIG. 13 - blades according to FIG. 9 in perspective; FIG. 14 — another share chisel, made in the form of a holder, with blades protruding from the side, in perspective; FIG. 15 is a blade holder according to FIG. 14 in a side view, FIG. 16 - the holder according to FIG. 14 with protruding side blades in the rear view, FIG. 17 — the opener blades according to FIG. 14 in perspective; FIG. 18 is a reinforcing element of the blades for the parts of the opener according to FIG. 14, in perspective, FIG. 19 — another share chisel, made in the form of a holder, with blades protruding from the side, in perspective; FIG. 20 is a holder with a blade according to FIG. 19 in a side view, FIG. 21 - the holder according to FIG. 19 with protruding lateral blades in the rear view; FIG. 22 - the opener blades according to FIG. 9 in perspective; FIG. 23 - the holder for the blades according to FIG. 19, FIG. 24 is another chisel chisel intended for a wide-spread seeding, in perspective; FIG. 25 - chisel according to FIG. 24 in rear view, FIG. 26 — chisel according to FIG. 24 on the side view.

The seeder used for direct sowing has a carrier frame 1 elongated in length, which rests on the ground with 3 driving wheels 2. On the front side of the carrier frame 1 there is a traction device 4 for connection to the three-point power hoist of an agricultural tractor. On the trailer hitch device 4, the uprights 4 'can be mounted, the height position of which can be adjusted. On the rear side of the carrier frame 1, a coupling device 5 is mounted with the possibility of lifting and lowering with the help of hydraulic elements for attaching working tools, for example, a harrow, an ordinary cultivator, etc. In front of the running wheels 2, the chisel-shaped openers 7 with rollers 8, which lead the openers 7 in the soil at their depth, are fixed by means of the supporting device 6. Between the running wheels 2 and above them is located the receiving bunker 9. The seeds in the receiving bunker 9 are fed by means of a pneumatic feeding and dosing device 10 through distributing heads 11 and seed tubes 12 to the openers 8.

The bit-shaped coulters 7 are mounted on the supporting elements 6 using parallelogram holders 13. Parallelogram holder 13 has an upper stretch 14, consisting of two parts interconnected by a hinge 15. With the help of stretching spring 16 these stretch 14 are held in an extended position. In this embodiment, the chisel opener 7 has

- 2 009157 chisel 16, located apex forward. A variant is also possible in which the front lower region of the chisel-shaped coulter 7 runs obliquely back and down in such a way that its top will be at the rear relative to the other front regions.

With each chisel-shaped coulter 7, two guides are connected at a depth of the roller 8, arranged, as viewed from above, as shown in FIG. 3, with the opposite slope in the form of a letter V, open in the direction of 17 movement. Both rollers are mounted on the opener 7 by means of a holder 18 located between them. The rollers 8 are mounted on their axes 19 with the possibility of permutation to change the distance between them. The rollers 8 are set obliquely to the direction 17 of movement so that when viewed from above, the middle line 20 of the rollers 8 forms with a straight 21, coinciding with the direction 17 of movement, an angle α equal to 5-10 °, preferably about 8 °. The distance A between rollers 8 connected to the coulter on the rear, when viewed in the direction 17 of the movement, is approximately equal to the width of the coulter. The distance B from the support surfaces 22 of the rollers 8 to the rear side of the opener is 10-15 cm.

Between the holder 18, on which the rollers 8 are fixed, and the opener 7, there is provided an elastic connection 23 formed by one or several rubber elastic elements 23.

The rollers 8 are shaped like a bowl and have a circumferential edge 24, preferably notched, as shown in FIG. 2-4. In some cases it makes sense that on the edge 24 of the rollers 8 there are protrusions.

The rollers 8 are located relative to each other so that the width of the front opening zone is larger than the outer size of the earthen shafts 25 piled by the opener 7. The rollers 8 located on the sides of the opener are shifted backwards relative to it. The distance B between the rear edge of the opener 7 and the front support area 22 of the rollers 8 is 10-15 cm.

The opener 7 with rollers 8 works as follows.

When digging a furrow 26 in the soil for sowing, especially in the case of light, loose and humus-containing soils, a large amount of earth is allocated with a chisel 16 openers 7 sideways from the furrow 26 to form earth shafts 25. Without additional measures, this earth cannot return back to the furrow 26, and therefore, earthen ramparts 25 are formed. To avoid this and to cover the seeds and 27 fertilizers laid in the furrow and close the furrow 26, piled by the opener 7 on the sides of the furrow 26, the ground is fed back into the furrow 26 by rollers 8, installed in the form th forward the letter V, as shown in FIG. 3. The rollers 8, which are opened forward, seize the ground and send it back to furrow 26 for sowing.

Instead of rollers 8, made of metal in the form of a bowl, you can use rollers with a circumferential area of tire rubber. This is particularly advantageous on fatty soils, as in the case of rubber tires, the rollers self-clean 8.

The opener 7 shown in FIG. 5 and the following drawings, which correspond, with the exception of another embodiment of the running rollers, to the opener 7 according to FIG. 2-4. Instead of rollers 8 to the vomer 7 shown in FIG. 5, running rollers 28 are attached. The running roller 28 has an outwardly bent zone 30 in the outer region 29 of the rolling surface 22. This zone 30 is bent or skewed relative to the rolling surface 22 at an angle of 120-160 °, preferably 135 °. This zone 30 is tilted outward. The bent zone 30 of the wheel of the roller is made of a gear, as shown in FIG. 5-8. The teeth 32 are inclined outward and have the shape of a triangle or trapezium. Due to the penetration of the teeth 32 into the soil, a reliable rotation of the rollers 28 is achieved. The rolling surface 22 of the rollers 28 can be equipped with a scraper (not shown) to remove the earth adhering to it. The method of operation of the rollers shown in FIG. 5-8 corresponds to the method of operation of the rollers shown in FIG. 2-4.

If the seeder is to be used for mulch sowing, i.e. if it is necessary to cut off the seedlings of weeds and lost grain on the field, then the chisel 16 of the chisel-shaped coulter 7 is replaced with the one shown in FIG. 9-13 the part 33 of the vomer has blades 35 mounted on the holder 34 and protruding to the side of it. These blades 35 are detachably fastened with screws 38 to a fastener 37 located on the underside 36 or in the lower region of the holder 34. The two blades 35 are made as one piece, as shown in FIG. 13. On the front side of the holder 34, as well as for the chisel 16 of the opener for direct sowing, a wear-resistant plate 39, preferably tungsten carbide, is mounted on the top of the bit. The lower region of the holder 34 of the coulter part 33 protrudes downward beyond the lower edge of the blades 35, as shown in FIG. 10. The holder 34 of the part 33 of the opener is the same as the holder of the bit 16 of the opener, so that it is possible to easily replace part 33 with protruding side blades 35 on the bit 16 of the opener and install it in the mount on the opener body.

The distance between the coulters 7 is approximately 18-20 cm, and the width of the blades 35 is 19-22 cm. This ensures the processing of the soil over the entire surface and cutting the blades of 35 weed roots and lost grain over the entire surface of the soil. To increase the service life of the blades 35 in their side region there is a section of wear-resistant material 40, such as a coating or a plate of tungsten carbide.

Detail 33 with protruding lateral blades 35 when it is placed on the body of the opener, in combination with disk or roller elements 28 mounted behind the body of the opener in the form of a V, works as follows.

- 3 009157

When the details 34 are pulled in the soil, the blades 35 cut the soil and, with their front cutting edge, cut off the roots of the seedlings of the lost grain and weeds. At the same time, they create a furrow for sowing and partially discard the ground to the side, forming earthen ramparts. Located behind the coulter 7, rollers 8, mounted, viewed from above, in the form of an open V, seize this discarded ground and, after laying the seeds in the furrow, move it back into the furrow, covering the seeds with earth. The sowing furrow closes. Thus, the rollers 8 bring the earth back into the furrow for sowing, as a result of which leveling of the soil surface is achieved.

The part 41 of the opener with laterally protruding blades 42 shown in FIG. 14-18, differs from part 33 according to FIG. 9-13 with another embodiment of the blades 42 and their fastening on the holder 43. The blades 42 protruding from the side are also integrally formed, as shown in FIG. 17. In the holder 43, which is designed as a coulter chisel, there are holes 44 and cutouts 45 for securing the blades 42 thereto by means of a bolt connection 46. To support the blades 42, the reinforcing element 47 of the blades is additionally mounted on the holder 43, as shown in FIG. 18.

The operation of the part 41 with protruding lateral blades 42 corresponds to the operation described above of the part 33 shown in FIG. 9-13.

FIG. 19-23 another detail of the coulter 48 is shown with the blades 49 protruding from the side. The blade 49 is made as shown in FIG. 22. The blade is screwed to the one shown in FIG. 23 to the holder 50 by means of the bolted connection 51 shown in FIG. 19-21. To enhance and support the holder 50 and to expand the groove for sowing in the upper area on the holder 50 side lateral expansion elements 52 are installed.

The operation of the coulter piece 48 shown in FIG. 19-23 corresponds to the operation of the part 33 described with reference to FIG. 9-13.

In order for the seeds coming out of the seed tube to be distributed over the width of the furrow formed by the blades 35, 42, 49, a reflector (not shown) is mounted on the holder under the corresponding blades 35, 42, 49. After removal of the blades 34, 43 of the opener according to FIG. 9-18, the holder, made in the form of a coulter chisel, can be used, in combination with the coulter body, as a chisel-shaped coulter for direct sowing with the purpose of digging a narrow furrow.

FIG. 24-26, there is shown another coulter bit 53 with lateral expansion elements 54 provided in the lower region of the bit 55, with a reflector 56 located behind the bit 55 and under the seed tube opening for distributing seeds extending from the seed seed tube width.

The front edge of the expansion elements 54 is located at a distance from the front region of the bit 53 of the opener. Due to this, firstly, a wide clean furrow is formed for sowing, and secondly, it is prevented that too much soil is loosened and poured on the side of the furrow for sowing. On the front side in the lower region of the expansion elements 54 there is a wear-resistant plate 57 of tungsten carbide.

The lower front areas of the expansion elements 54 end at the height of the lower front region of the bit 55. To increase the service life of the coulter bit 53, wear-resistant plates 57, preferably tungsten carbide, are located on the front side in the lower region of the bit 55 and the expansion elements 54.

Claims (18)

CLAIM 1. A seeder containing a frame on which, in several transverse rows one after the other, with lateral displacement and with gaps relative to each other, the openers are movable in the vertical direction, driven at their depth by the rollers at the depth of the rollers, each opener having a replaceable chisel installed in the coulter body together with the holder and in particular replaced by the part of the opener, having blades protruding laterally on both sides of the holder, and / or supplemented by this part, behind each opener (7) Two disk and / or roller elements (8), mounted, when viewed from above, with opposite tilts in the form of a V, open in the direction of motion are laid. 2. The seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the disk and / or roller elements (8) are made in the form of disks installed with the possibility of free rotation. 3. A seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the disk and / or roller elements (8) are made in the form of rollers having a circumferential rolling surface, the lateral outer edge of which preferably has shoulders (32) slightly bent in the radial direction outwards. 4. The seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the holder (34) on its lower side or in its lower region has a fastening element (37) on which said protruding side blades (35) are detachably fixed. 5. The seeder according to claim 4, characterized in that the two blades (35) are made as one unit. 6. The seeder according to claim 4, characterized in that the holder (34) is made in the form of a coulter chisel, moreover, a fastening element (37) for fastening the blades (35) is mounted on the chisel (34) of the vomer. 7. Seeder for one or more of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the chisel - 4 009157 (34) of the opener has on its front side a wear-resistant plate (39), preferably of tungsten carbide, on the top of the bit. 8. A seeder in one or more of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the lower region of the bit (34) of the coulter or holder protrudes downward beyond the lower edge of the blade (35). 9. A seeder in one or more of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the holders (34) of the bit (16) of the opener and the parts (16, 34) of the opener are identical. 10. The seeder in one or more of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the fastening element (34) for the blades (35) is designed in such a way that after their removal the holder (34) or the coulter bit with the holder (34) can be used as a chisel digging a furrow for sowing. 11. A seeder according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distance between the coulters (7) is approximately 18-20 cm, and the width of the blades (35, 42, 49) is approximately 19-22 cm. 12. A seeder according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the blades (35, 42, 49), at least in their lateral area, contain a wear-resistant material, preferably a coating (40) or a tungsten carbide plate. 13. A seeder in one or more of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the disk and / or roller elements (8) arranged in the shape of a letter V are installed with the possibility of adjusting the distance between them. 14. The seeder according to claim 13, characterized in that the disk and / or roller elements (8) are installed with the possibility of adjusting the angle at which they are located to the direction of movement. 15. A seeder in one or more of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that a reflector is installed under the blades (35, 42, 49). 16. Seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that an additional chisel (53) of the opener with lateral expansion elements (54) in its lower region is provided, and a reflector (56) is installed behind the chisel (53, 54) of the opener under the seed tube hole. 17. The seeder according to claim 16, characterized in that the front edges of the expansion elements (54) are located at a distance from the front region of the chisel (53) of the opener. 18. The seeder according to claim 16, characterized in that, at least in the front lower region of the expansion elements (54), a wear-resistant plate (57) is preferably made of tungsten carbide.