EA007417B1 - Seed sowing machine - Google Patents

Abstract

A sowing machine for distributing seeds and/or fertilisers comprising a frame, a storage container, sowing ploughs and at least one depth guide and/or pressure roller arranged behind said ploughs and mounted thereon. For rational arrangement of rollers behind the ploughs for their reliable depth guidence, closing furrows, to simply adapt the sowing machine to different sowing methods (mulching sowing, direct sowing, traditional sowing) and to different soil types (lumped, sandy, stony) it is provided that the roller can be arranged at an angle to the vertical if viewed from behind.

Description

The invention relates to a seeder according to the restrictive part of claim 1 of the claims.

The seeders of this type are described, for example, in the German application 102 28 020 A1 and are used especially for direct sowing and sowing with mulching, with the guides at depth and / or compacting rollers located behind the coulters close the furrow for sowing and must lead the coulter in the soil at a given depth of introduction, so that the seeds fit into the soil under optimal conditions.

The invention is based on the task of offering a favorable installation of rollers located behind the coulters to ensure reliable direction of the coulters at depth, closing the furrow for sowing and sowing the seed in the furrow, i.e., so that it can be easily adapted to various methods with mulching, direct sowing, traditional sowing) and to various types and properties of soils (lumpy, sandy, rocky).

This problem is solved due to the distinctive feature of claim 1 of the claims. This solution allows you to install located behind the coulter roller in the desired position in accordance with the specific working conditions. The roller can be installed at such an angle that it is possible to close the furrow for sowing and squeeze the seeds in it and at the same time ensure a fairly good direction of the vomer at the depth. Thanks to this solution, the roller can be transferred from a position parallel to the vertical to a position inclined to the vertical.

In order to make it possible to carry out further closure of the furrow for sowing the soil ejected from it by the opener in a simple way, the roller can be installed or set at an angle to the direction of movement.

The roller is fixed on the coulter with the help of a fastening device, while the fastening device is fixed on the opener with the possibility of permutation. This achieves a very simple installation of the roller in the desired position.

Making and installing the rollers according to the invention ensures that the coulters are guided reliably at a depth, even in the case of wide grooves for sowing. At the same time, a reliable closure of the furrow is achieved after the seeds are laid in it. In addition, the roller mounted according to the invention is suitable for squeezing the furrow from the side and from above so that loose soil can be applied on the closed furrow due to the action of the next implement, for example a net harrow. The machine can be adjusted depending on the area of its application (when sowing on well-prepared soils - traditional sowing; when sowing with mulching - mulching, that is, slightly or flat-treated soil, for example, after the previous treatment; direct sowing method, i.e. in the presence of a relatively large number of particles of plants, straw, stubble, etc. on the soil surface in the upper region). The installation of the rink is carried out in accordance with the type of soil, humidity, sowing depth, etc.

When sowing directly, it may happen that straw and plant residues accumulate around the opener and as a result there is a wide furrow for sowing. In this case, the roller must be installed so that it is able to close the furrow or cover it with soil.

On relatively loose soils and in dry areas, the skating rink must be installed so that it can press as much as possible at the side of the groove for sowing, therefore, it should be installed with a collapse.

So that the roller can be installed with a different camber, the fastening device is fixed on the planter's opener with the possibility of installation around an axis that runs at least approximately in the horizontal direction.

In order for the roller to return the required amount of soil to the furrow for sowing in accordance with the prevailing working conditions, the fastening device is fixed on the opener rotatably around an axis extending at least approximately in the vertical direction and as a result the roller can be installed in different positions.

To ensure reliable direction at the depth and required filling of the furrow even on soils with different properties and in case of creating grooves for sowing with different widths, it is provided that the fastening device is fixed on the coulter with the possibility of installation at different distances from the middle of the coulter in the lateral direction.

It is advisable that behind the openers there are two rollers, of which at least one is installed or can be installed at an angle to the direction of movement, as viewed from above.

It is also possible to install rollers with collapse at the same time, while it is provided that of the two rollers located behind the rear, at least one is installed at an angle to the vertical when viewed from the rear.

The rollers located behind the coulters are installed or can be installed with opposite slopes, when viewed from above, in the form of a V, open in the direction of travel. In addition, the rollers located behind the coulters can be installed with a collapse. However, they are installed or can be installed at an angle to the vertical, when viewed from the back, in the form of the letter V, opened upwards.

In order to allow individual installation of the rollers in accordance with the prevailing operating conditions, it is provided that the rollers can be installed in different ways.

- 1 007417

The rollers can also be installed at different distances from the middle of the coulter.

To clean the running surfaces of the rollers from particles of plants and soil adhering to them, scrapers are provided, which are located on the appropriate fixing device of the roller being cleaned.

The next expedient installation of the rollers in the planter is described in paragraph 15 of the claims.

In order for particles of plants and the ground to freely pass between the rollers, there is a distance between the roller mounting devices.

In this case, the rollers or fastening devices are arranged in such a way that the distance between the rollers can be changed independently of the angular positions.

To create a free passage between the axes of the rollers, these axes are not connected to each other and are located at a distance from each other.

Installing rollers with a collapse can be obtained in a simple way by fastening devices with rollers mounted on the vomer can be rotated around an axis, passing at least approximately in the horizontal direction, to change the camber.

The rotation of the fastening device can be performed in a simple way by means of providing means for creating and / or adjusting the camber between the coulter and the fastening device.

In order to avoid damage to the rollers and fasteners when striking a stone stuck in the soil and in case any interfering objects get stuck between the rollers, the rollers are fixed with springing or with the possibility of elastic deflection at least in the lateral direction.

Thanks to the described installation of the rollers, it is possible to work with only one roller, if the other one is damaged or out of order. In such a case, the damaged or failed roller is disconnected from the coulter and continues to work with one roller, which is set in an optimal way. The rollers can be installed in different ways so that they perform different tasks. In this case, each roller is installed in accordance with the task entrusted to it.

Due to the described installations and the possibility of installing the rollers, the coulters of the planter together with the rollers can be optimally adapted to different working conditions. The smaller the installation angle of the rollers, the less pulling force is required. Installation with small angles can be used for light and wet soils. The greater the angle β of the installation, the greater the camber of the rollers and the more they penetrate the soil and put pressure on it from the side, shifting it into the furrow for sowing. As a result, there is a good clamping of seeds in the soil and sufficient compaction of the soil around the seeds. This is advisable and important for relatively dry soils and in dry areas.

Both rollers, located behind the coulters, can be installed so that the coulters leave behind a completely flat soil surface and the soil around the seeds is compacted optimally. However, in the upper area of the furrow for sowing there is loose soil, which is important to prevent loss of moisture and the danger of drying the soil layer over the seeds.

Other features of the invention will be clear from the remaining dependent claims, descriptions of embodiments and drawings. In the drawings of FIG. 1 shows the basic structure of the planter in a side view, FIG. 2 — opener in side view, FIG. 3 — opener in front view, FIG. 4 - the vomer on the form of GU-GU, FIG. 5 — the vomer shown in FIG. 3, with the rollers mounted in a different position; FIG. 6 shows the opener shown in FIG. 5, in a view similar to FIG. 4, FIG. 7 — the vomer shown in FIG. 5, with a different installation of rollers; FIG. 8 — the vomer shown in FIG. 7, in a view similar to FIG. 4, FIG. 9 — coulter shown in FIG. 3, with another installation of rollers; FIG. 10 — the vomer shown in FIG. 9, in a view similar to FIG. 4, FIG. 11 — opener with one roller in a view similar to FIG. 3, and FIG. 12 — the vomer shown in FIG. 11, in a view similar to FIG. four.

The seeder for direct sowing has a longitudinally elongated carrier frame 1, which rests on the ground with 3 driving wheels 2. On the front side of the carrier frame 1 there is a drawbar 4 for connection to the three-point lift of an arable tractor. On the coupling device 4, height-adjustable uprights 4 'can be mounted. On the rear side of the carrier frame 1 there is a hitch 5, made with the possibility of raising and lowering with the help of hydraulic elements and designed to attach working tools, such as a harrow, an ordinary plowman, etc. Before the running wheels 2 on the carrier frame 1 by means of the carrier device 6, the openers of the seeder are installed, made in the form of chisel-shaped openers 7, with rollers 8 guiding them in the soil at depth. Between the driving wheels 2 and above them is a storage bin 9. The seeds in the bunker are fed by pneumatic feeding and dosing devices to the openers 7 through distributor heads 11 and seed lines 12.

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The openers 7 are fixed to the supporting elements 6 by means of parallelogram fastening devices 13. In the example under consideration, the chisel-shaped opener 7 has a tip 14. It is also possible that the front lower region of the opener 7 passes obliquely back and down so that the tip 14 will be rearward relative to the rest front area.

To each coulter 7 are attached two guides at the depth of the roller 8, which are installed with opposite tilts, viewed from above, in the form of a V, open in the direction of motion 15, as shown in FIG. 4. Each roller 8 is mounted with a fastening device 16 and bolts 18 on a crossbar 17 fixed on the coulter 7. Crossbar 17 has several holes 19 in which bolts 18 can be inserted, securing the fastening device 16 to the crossbar

17. As shown in FIG. 4, using these rollers 19 in the crossbar 17, the rollers can be mounted at different angles α to the direction of motion 15. By appropriately releasing and tightening the bolts 18, the fastening device 16 with the rollers 8 can be installed under a given α. In addition, the holes 19 are located at different distances from the middle of the opener 7 and therefore the rollers 8 with their fastening devices 16 can be installed in different positions and at different distances from the middle of the opener.

At the lower ends of the fastening device 16, axles 23 are installed, on which rollers 8 with a rotating support are mounted for rotation. The axes 23 of both rollers 8 of each opener 7 are not connected to each other. The fastening devices 16 in the area of the support of the rollers 8 are spaced apart from each other, so that a free space is formed, as shown in particular in FIG. 3. The rollers 8 are made in the shape of a bowl and have a circumferential toothed rim 20. The rollers 8 can be mounted relative to each other so that the front opening area has a greater width than the outer size of the earth shafts piled by the opener 7. The rollers 8 are located on the side of the furrow for sowing and therefore it is possible to ensure reliable direction of the coulters 7 in the soil at depth.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 3 and the rollers 8 are installed with the maximum possible distance from each other.

Due to the holes 19 in the crossmember 17 and their shape, after releasing the bolts 18, the fastening device together with the roller 8 can be rotated around an axis extending at least approximately in the vertical direction, and thus setting the roller 8 to the corresponding angular position relative to direction 15 movement.

According to FIG. 5 and 6, the rollers 8 are located as close as possible to each other, since fastening devices 16 with bolts 18 are located in holes 19 located closer to the middle of the opener than in FIG. 3 and 4.

According to FIG. 7 and 8, fastening devices with rollers 8 are mounted obliquely to the vertical, i.e. with the collapse. This can be achieved in a simple way due to the fact that a strut 22, such as a washer, is located between the cross member 17 fixed to the coulter 7 of the fastening device 16.

Thus, it is possible to change the position of the fastening device 16 on the opener relative to the axis, passing at least approximately in the horizontal direction, in order to change the camber of the roller 8.

According to FIG. 9 and 10, the left roller 8, in contrast to the vomer shown in FIG. 3 and 4, is set parallel to the direction of movement 15, and the right roller 8 is set at an angle to the direction of movement 15.

FIG. 11 and 12 show a coulter 7, to which only one roller 8 is attached. This roller 8, as was indicated when considering FIG. 3-10, can be installed in different positions. FIG. 11 and 12, the roller 8 is mounted parallel to the direction of motion 15, and the axis 23 is parallel to the horizontal. In this case, the distance from the roller 8 to the middle of the opener 7 is set so that the roller goes to the side of the furrow held in the soil by the opener 7, to ensure its uniform guidance in the soil at depth and thereby even seed placement into the soil.

Located behind the opener 7 rollers 8 are as follows.

In embodiments according to FIG. 3 and 4, due to the installation of the rollers 8 at an angle to the direction of motion 15, they at least partially take the soil ejected from the furrow by the opener 7 back into the furrow.

The rollers 8 are installed according to FIG. 5 and 6, when it is necessary to ensure that the width of the spread of the soil is not so large and that the soil rejects the side not so far from the middle of the opener, as in the case when the installation of rollers is used, shown in FIG. 3 and 4.

In order to achieve, on the one hand, good maintenance at depth, and on the other hand, at least part of the soil ejected from the furrow is returned back into the furrow and thus to close the furrow, installation of the rollers 8 according to FIG. 7 and 8. At the same time, by installing rollers 8 with collapse, i.e. at an angle to the vertical, pressure is applied to the soil from the side, shifting it into the furrow and squeezing the seeds in it. If the soil does not need to be driven into the furrow from the side and it is necessary to ensure good guidance of the coulters at depth, the rollers 8 can be installed according to FIG. 9 and 10.

- 3 007417

In some cases, to keep the coulter 7 in the soil at depth it is sufficient to have only one roller 8, as shown in FIG. 11 and 12. Sometimes in the coulters shown in FIG. 3-10, one of the rollers 8 may be damaged or break down; then this roller is removed from the opener 7 and continues to work with only one roller 8 in accordance with FIG. 11, 12.

The fastening device 16 can be attached to the opener 7 with spring loading and with the possibility of lateral deviation (not shown) to avoid damage when stones or other objects that cannot be pressed into the soil are clamped between the rollers 8. In this case, the fastening device 16 together with the rollers 8 can be discharged sideways. As a result, the object clamped between the rollers 8 is released without damaging the rollers 8 and the fastening device 16 or the vomer 7.

Due to the fact that the fastening device 16 with rollers 8 can be rearranged on the coulter, the possibility of individual installation of rollers 8 in accordance with the working conditions is achieved in a simple and rational way.

As already indicated, by installing the fastening device 16 differently with rollers 8 on the opener 7, rollers can be installed at different distances from the middle of the opener. While the rollers 8 can be installed or are located relative to each other in the same or different ways, so that the rollers 8 are assigned different tasks and functions. This situation can be called the separation of tasks, i.e. Each roller 8 opener is given its own function or task.

On the fastening device 16, scrapers (not shown) can be provided for the circumferential running surfaces of the rollers 8. In order to do this, the position of the fastening device 16 with rollers 8 can be independently controlled while maintaining the optimal location of the scrapers, it is advisable to arrange them on the corresponding fastening device 16 of the roller 8 being cleaned .

With regard to the functions and installation of the rollers 8, the following should also be noted.

The rollers 8 should provide reliable direction at the depth of the coulters 7 even in the case of wide furrows for sowing, and reliable closing of the furrow after laying the seeds in it. The rollers 8 should tightly close the furrow on the side and on top in accordance with the prevailing working conditions so that the loose soil on top is loose soil. This loose soil can also be applied by further implements, such as a net harrow.

Due to the possibility of individual adjustment of the position of the fastening device 16 on the opener 7, the rollers can be installed in the same way or in different ways, as the working conditions require. Thus, it is possible to install the rollers 8 mounted on the opener optimally, in accordance with the nature of the soil, its moisture, mass of straw, etc., i.e. The position of the rollers can be optimally adapted to any working conditions. The magnitude of the required traction force for the drill is the smaller, the smaller the angle α for rollers 8. The small angle α is chosen for light soils and wet soil-climatic conditions.

The larger angle β of the installation is chosen when the rollers 8 need to penetrate more into the soil and press the seeds. This achieves a fairly strong soil compaction around the seeds, which is beneficial for relatively dry soils and in dry areas.

The rollers 8 can also be installed at different distances relative to each other in order to adapt to the respective working conditions (wider or narrow groove for sowing). If there are two rollers 8, they can be installed so that the planter leaves behind a completely flat soil surface, and the soil around the seeds will be optimally compacted. At the same time over the compacted soil layer there is still loose soil to prevent evaporation of water and the danger of drying the soil layer over the seeds.

Claims (24)

CLAIM 1. A seed and / or fertilizer seeder comprising a frame, a storage hopper, openers and at least one depth guide and / or compacting roller located behind the coulter and mounted on it, characterized in that the roller (8) may mounted and / or mounted at an angle to the vertical when viewed from the rear. 2. A seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the roller (8) can be installed and / or installed at an angle to the direction of movement (15) when viewed from above. 3. A seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the roller (8) is mounted on the coulter (7) using a mounting device (16). 4. The seeder according to claim 3, characterized in that the mounting device (16) is mounted on the coulter (7) with the possibility of rearrangement. 5. The seeder according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the mounting device (16) is mounted on the coulter (7) with the possibility of rotation around an axis passing at least approximately in the vertical direction, resulting in a roller (8) can be installed in various positions. - 4 007417 6. The seeder according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the mounting device (16) is mounted on the coulter (7) with the possibility of installation around an axis extending at least approximately in the horizontal direction to change the collapse. 7. The seeder according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the fastening devices (16) are mounted on the coulter (7) with the possibility of their installation at different distances from the middle of the coulter in the lateral direction. 8. A seeder according to claims 1 and / or 2, characterized in that two rollers (8) are located behind the coulter (7), of which at least one can be mounted and / or set at an angle to the direction of movement (15), if look from above. 9. The seeder according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that two rollers (8) are located behind the coulters (7), of which at least one is mounted at an angle to the vertical when viewed from the rear. 10. A seeder according to claims 1 and / or 2, characterized in that there are two rollers (8) behind the coulters (7) that can be mounted and / or mounted with opposite inclinations when viewed from above, in the form of the letter V open in the direction of movement. 11. The seeder according to claims 1 and / or 2, characterized in that behind the coulters (7) there are two rollers (8) that are installed or can be installed at an angle to the vertical, when viewed from the rear, in the form of the letter V, open up . 12. The seeder according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the rollers (8) can be installed differently. 13. A seeder according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the rollers (8) can be installed at different distances from the middle of the coulter. 14. A seeder according to one or more of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that for the circumferential running surfaces of the rollers (8), scrapers are provided located on the corresponding mounting device of the roller to be cleaned (8). 15. A seeder for applying seeds and / or fertilizers, containing a frame, a storage hopper, openers and two guides at a depth and / or compacting rollers located at the rear of the opener and mounted on it, and the rollers are installed with opposite slopes, when viewed from above, in in the form of the letter V, open in the direction of movement, characterized in that the rollers (8) can be mounted and / or installed at an angle to the vertical, when viewed from the rear, in the form of the letter V, open up. 16. A seeder according to one or more of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that each roller (8) is mounted on the coulter (7) with its own mounting device (16) that protrudes upward. 17. A seeder according to one or more of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the rollers (8) can be installed and / or installed in different ways and / or in the same way. 18. The seeder according to one or more of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that there is a distance between the mounting devices (16) of the rollers (8). 19. A seeder according to one or more of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the distance between the rollers (8) can vary regardless of the angular positions. 20. The seeder according to one or more of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the axes (23) of the rollers (8) are not connected to each other and are at a distance from each other. 21. A seeder according to one or more of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the fastening devices (16) with rollers (8) are mounted on the coulter with the possibility of rotation around a vertical axis to change the opening angle. 22. The seeder according to one or more of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the fastening devices (16) with rollers (8) are mounted on the coulter (7) with the possibility of rotation around an axis passing at least approximately in the horizontal direction , to change the collapse. 23. A seeder according to one or more of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that means (23) are provided between the coulter (7) and the mounting device (16) for creating and / or adjusting the collapse of the rollers (8). 24. A seeder according to one or more of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that the rollers (8) are fixed with springing and / or with the possibility of elastic deflection, at least in the lateral direction.