DK9200239U3

DK9200239U3 - Self-propelled mower, especially for use between the rows of Christmas tree cultivars and similar plant and tree cultures

Info

Publication number: DK9200239U3
Application number: DK9200239U
Authority: DK
Inventors: Kristian Thomsen
Original assignee: Almtoft Smede Og Maskinfabrik
Priority date: 1992-11-09
Filing date: 1992-11-09
Publication date: 1992-12-28

Description

i DK 92 00239 U3in DK 92 00239 U3

BESKRIVELSEDESCRIPTION

BenævnelseDenominations

Selvkørende slagleskårlægger, især til brug mellem rækkerne i juletræskulturer og lignende plante- eller trækulturer.Self-propelled mowers, especially for use between the rows of Christmas tree cultures and similar plant or tree cultures.

Frembringelsens anvendelsesområdeScope of production

Slagleskårlæggeren benyttes til at holde græs- og ukrudtsbevoksningen nede mellem rækkerne i juletræskulturer og lignende rækkebeplantninger, især i forbindelse med skov- eller planteskoledrift. Også til andre formål, hvor uønsket ukrudtseller græsvækst skal holdes nede ved simpel afslåning og knusning af plantevæksten i passende højde over jordoverfladen, er slagleskårlæggeren ifølge opfindelsen anvendelig.The slaughter plant is used to keep the grass and weeds down between the rows of Christmas tree crops and similar row crops, especially in connection with forest or nursery operations. Also for other purposes where undesirable weed or grass growth must be kept down by simple cutting and crushing of the plant growth at an appropriate height above the soil surface, the slaughter plower according to the invention is applicable.

Kendt teknikPrior art

Slagleskårlæggere af forskellig art til landbrugsformål er kendt. Sædvanligvis bugseres slagleskårlæggeren efter en traktor og drives ved kraftoverføring fra denne. Slagleskårlæggeren bevæger sig da sideforskudt i forhold til traktoren, således at denne kan køre på den allerede nedklippede del af marken, dvs uden at beskadige den endnu stående afgrøde. Til anvendelse i rækkekulturer af den her omhandlede art er et sådant maskinsæt naturligvis ganske uegnet, alene p gr af maskinsættets bredde og store venderadius.Slaughterers of various kinds for agricultural purposes are known. Usually the mower is towed after a tractor and driven by power transmission from it. The slaughter plower then moves sideways relative to the tractor so that it can run on the already mowed part of the field, ie without damaging the still standing crop. Of course, for use in series cultures of the kind in question, such a machine set is quite unsuitable, only on the basis of the width of the machine set and its large turning radius.

Selvkørende slagleskårlæggere til landbrugsformål er også kendt. Samme forhold gør sig imidlertid også gældende for disse i henseende til størrelse og pladsbehov ved vendemanøvrer. De kendte slagleskårlæggeren er i alle tilfælde beregnet til åbne marker og til egentlig høst af afgrøder. I det foreliggende tilfælde er behovet alene en nedklipning af afgrøden - dvs græs og ukrudt - mellem rækkerne i en plante- eller trækultur.Self-propelled plows for agricultural purposes are also known. However, the same conditions also apply to these in terms of size and space requirements in turning maneuvers. The known slaughter plows are in all cases intended for open fields and for actual harvesting of crops. In the present case, the need alone is to cut the crop - ie grass and weeds - between the rows in a plant or tree culture.

Der findes forskellige former for håndførte eller manuelt bårne maskiner og redskaber til mekanisk bekæmpelse af uønsket plantevækst, fx buskryddere og tohjulede motorklippere {gartneritraktorer). Men det er i alle tilfælde redskaber uden den fornødne kapacitet til behandling af arealer af den størrelsesorden, som der her er tale om. Under alle omstændigheder ville ukrudtsbekæmpelsen i en juletræsplantage v hj af et redskab af den pågældende art være yderst omstændeligt, møjsomt og tidsrøvende. Redskaberne er da også fortrinsvis beregnet til gartneri- og haveformål, eller til vedligeholdelse i parker og anlæg.There are various types of hand-held or manually-borne machinery and tools for mechanical control of unwanted plant growth, such as bush crawlers and two-wheeled motor mowers (horticultural tractors). But these are in any case tools without the necessary capacity to treat areas of the magnitude in question here. In any case, weed control in a Christmas tree plantation using a tool of the kind in question would be extremely cumbersome, laborious and time consuming. The tools are also preferably intended for horticultural and garden purposes, or for maintenance in parks and gardens.

Det tekniske problem der skal løses Rækkekulturer af den her omhandlede art skal på den ene eller anden måde holdes rene for ukrudt og uønsket græsvækst mellem rækkerne medens kulturplanterne er små. I det mindste skal ukrudtet holdes så tilpas "nede", at kulturplanterne ikke kvæles eller på anden måde udpines af for kraftig ukrudtsvækst. Tidligere i DK 92 00239 U3 benyttede man som hovedregel kemiske midler til ukrudtsbekæmpelsen, men miljørestriktioner for sprøjtemidlernes anvendelse har ført til behov for nytænkning på området.The technical problem to be solved Row crops of the kind in question here must in one way or another be kept clean of weeds and undesirable grass growth between the rows while the cultural plants are small. At the very least, the weeds must be kept so "down" that the cultural plants are not suffocated or otherwise tormented by excessive weed growth. Earlier in DK 92 00239 U3, as a rule, chemical agents were used for the control of weeds, but environmental restrictions on the use of pesticides have led to a need for innovative thinking in the field.

Den nye teknikThe new technique

Med opfindelsen søges problemet løst ved en maskinel nedklipning/knusning af den uønskede plantevækst mellem rækkerne, dvs en ren mekanisk behandling, som er effektiv og som ikke belaster miljøet på nogen måde.The invention seeks to solve the problem by a mechanical cutting / crushing of the undesirable plant growth between the rows, ie a pure mechanical treatment which is effective and which does not in any way affect the environment.

Hertil foreslås det ifølge opfindelsen at benytte en selvkørende slagleskårlægger, som er specielt udviklet til formålet, dvs som er optimeret med hensyn til: a) Smal byggeform med slagleaggregatet tilpasset afgrødens rækkebredde.To this end, it is proposed according to the invention to use a self-propelled paddle shredder specially developed for the purpose, that is, optimized with regard to: a) Narrow construction with the paddle assembly adapted to the crop width.

b) Selvkørende og med god manøvredygtighed, dvs lille venderadius.b) Self-driving and with good maneuverability, ie small turning radius.

c) Terrængående køreegenskaber.c) Off-road driving characteristics.

d) Passende stor motoreffekt af hensyn til opnåelse af tilstrækkelig bearbejdningskapacitet i den ofte kraftige og seje vækst af eksempelvis kvikgræs i juletræsplantager.d) Appropriate large engine power for the purpose of obtaining sufficient machining capacity in the often vigorous and cool growth of, for example, mercury in Christmas tree plantations.

Ved hj af den selvkørende slagleskårlægger knuses plantevæksten til en vis højde over jordoverfladen, således at kulturplanterne i rækkerne får tilpas luft og lys. Samtidig hæmmes den fortsatte ukrudtsvækst, således at kulturplanterne ikke udpines men tvært imod forsynes med tilstrækkelig næring og vand. Den knuste plantemasse aflægges som et jævnt dækken hen over den resterende del af ukrudtsplanterne, og medvirker derigennem til at hæmme ukrudtsvæksten. Samtidig modvirker dette dækken en udtørring af jordbunden, hvad der som nævnt er til fordel for kulturplanterne.With the help of the self-propelled mower, plant growth is crushed to a certain height above the soil surface, so that the cultivated plants in the rows receive adequate air and light. At the same time, the continued growth of weeds is inhibited, so that the culture plants are not euthanized but on the contrary provided with sufficient nutrition and water. The crushed plant mass is deposited as an even cover over the remaining part of the weeds, thereby helping to inhibit weed growth. At the same time, this tire prevents soil drying, which, as mentioned, is beneficial to the cultural plants.

Maskinen udstyres med en 15 - 25 Hk diesel- eller benzinmotor for opnåelse af tilstrækkelig arbejdskapacitet. Selve slagleaggregatet er af sædvanlig type bestående af en vandret lejret, hurtigt roterende aksel eller tromle, på hvilken et antal slagler er bevægeligt ophængt.The machine is equipped with a 15 - 25 hp diesel or gasoline engine for sufficient working capacity. The impactor assembly itself is of the usual type consisting of a horizontally mounted, rapidly rotating shaft or drum on which a plurality of impactors are movably suspended.

Den tekniske virkningThe technical impact

Med slagleskårlæggeren ifølge opfindelsen opnår man: a) Færre miljømæssige problemer i forbindelse med · ukrudtsbekæmpelsen i juletræskulturer og lignende.With the pest plower according to the invention, you achieve: a) Fewer environmental problems associated with the weed control in Christmas tree cultures and the like.

b) Et hjælpemiddel med stor arbejdsmæssig kapacitet, dvs at der spares arbejdskraft.b) An aid with a large work capacity, ie saving labor.

FigurfortegnelseList of Figures

Fig. 1 viser en slagleskårlægger ifølge opfindelsen, i forenklet sidebillede.FIG. 1 is a simplified side view of an impact mower according to the invention.

DK 92 00239 U3DK 92 00239 U3

Udførelseseksempler På tegningen angiver 1 maskinens chassis, 2 det forreste styrende hjulpar, 3 det bagerste drivende hjulpar, 4 maskinens slagleaggregat, 5 en forreste motor, hvormed slagleaggregatet drives, 6 en bagerste motor, som er koblet til de drivende hjul, og 7 førerpladsen. Et rat, hvormed maskinen, styres er angivet med 8.Embodiment Examples In the drawings, 1 indicates the machine's chassis, 2 the front steering wheel pair, 3 the rear driving wheel pair, 4 the machine's stroke assembly, 5 a front engine with which the stroke assembly is driven, 6 a rear engine coupled to the driving wheels, and 7 the driver's seat. A steering wheel to control the machine is indicated by 8.

Chassisrammen 1 er sammensat af en forreste rammedel la og en bagerste rammedel lb. De to rammedele er forbundet i et midterste knaekled 9, som har en lodret svingakse 10 (= maskinens styreakse) og en vandret drejeakse 11. Den vandrette drejeakse tillader de to rammedele at vride i forhold til hinanden under kørsel i ujævnt terræn. Styrerattet 8 indvirker på den lodrette drejeakse 10 via et reduktionsgear.The chassis frame 1 is composed of a front frame member 1a and a rear frame member 1b. The two frame members are connected in a middle knuckle 9, which has a vertical pivot axis 10 (= machine steering axle) and a horizontal pivot axis 11. The horizontal pivot axis allows the two frame members to rotate relative to each other while driving on rough terrain. The steering wheel 8 acts on the vertical pivot axis 10 via a reduction gear.

Slagleaggregatet 4 omfatter en vandret, tværstillet aksel 12, som er lejret i begge ender. På akslen er ophængt et antal bevægelige slagler 12a, som virker under akslens hurtige rotation ved centrifugalkraft. Slagleakslen er omsluttet af en skærm 13, hvis funktion er at sikre en jævn aflægning af det knuste plantemateriale i sporet, og naturligvis at beskytte mod stenudslyngning og lignende. Slagleaggregatet drives af motoren 5 via et ikke vist remtræk.The impact assembly 4 comprises a horizontal, transverse shaft 12 which is mounted at both ends. On the shaft are mounted a number of movable pulleys 12a which act during the shaft's rapid rotation by centrifugal force. The impact shaft is enclosed by a screen 13, the function of which is to ensure even deposition of the crushed plant material in the groove, and of course to protect against stone throwing and the like. The stroke assembly is driven by the motor 5 via a belt drive not shown.

Slagleaggregatet, som er ophængt under chassisrammen, kan højdeindstilles -dvs klippehøjden kan indstilles- ved højdejustering af chassisrammen som helhed. Hertil tjener en lodret indstillingsanordning 14 indsat mellem det forreste hjulsæt 2 og den forreste chassisrammedel la.The impactor, which is suspended under the chassis frame, can be height-adjusted - ie the cutting height can be adjusted- by height adjustment of the chassis frame as a whole. To this end, a vertical adjustment device 14 inserted between the front wheel set 2 and the front chassis frame portion 1a.

Indstillingsanordningen er baseret på en gevindspindel-mekanisme beregnet til manuel betjening via et greb 14a.The adjusting device is based on a threaded spindle mechanism intended for manual operation via a handle 14a.

Den bagerste motor 6 driver maskinen frem i terrænet ved træk gennem drivhjulene 3. Trækket går via gear, kobling og differentiale på sædvanlig måde.The rear engine 6 drives the machine into the terrain by dragging through the drive wheels 3. The traction goes via gear, clutch and differential in the usual way.

På begge sider af chassisrammen ud for slagleaggregatet er anbragt et beslag 15, der tjener til opspænding af et sæt ikke viste grenløfter-skinner. Formålet med disse er at løfte grenene på juletræerne fri fra jorden og fri af slagleaggregatet under skårlægningsprocessen, således at grenene ikke kommer ind i slagleaggregatet under maskinens passage.. Maskinen er endvidere forberedt til påmontering af sprøjteudstyr og gødningsdoseringsudstyr, således at en sprøjtning resp. gødskning kan finde sted samtidig med skårlægningen. I en særlig udførelsesform er gødningsdoseringsudstyret indrettet på en sådan måde, at gødningen (granuleret NPK eller lignende) doseres punktvis ud for hvert træ under passagen, evt styret af operatøren eller af et automatisk virkende doseringsudstyr styret af sensorer af egnet type.On either side of the chassis frame next to the impact assembly is mounted a bracket 15 which serves to clamp a set of branch lift rails not shown. The purpose of these is to lift the branches of the Christmas trees free from the ground and free of the slag assembly during the cutting process, so that the branches do not enter the slag assembly during the passage of the machine. can take place at the same time as the cutting. In a particular embodiment, the fertilizer dosing equipment is arranged in such a way that the fertilizer (granulated NPK or the like) is dosed point by point for each tree during the passage, possibly controlled by the operator or by an automatically acting dosing equipment controlled by suitable type sensors.

Placeringen af førerpladsen 7 bagerst på maskinen som vist, giver operatøren det bedst mulige overblik over de forskellige maskinfunktioner og over terrænet. Maskinen har stor arbejdskapacitet, er meget manøvredygtig og er meget fremkommelig selv i ujævnt terræn. Maskinen udmærker sig endvidere ved at være relativ enkel og ved at være meget robust.The position of the driver's seat 7 at the rear of the machine as shown gives the operator the best possible overview of the various machine functions and the terrain. The machine has great working capacity, is very manoeuvrable and is very manageable even in rough terrain. The machine also stands out by being relatively simple and by being very robust.

Opfindelsen er ikke begrænset til den på tegningen viste ogThe invention is not limited to the and shown in the drawing

Claims

1. Self-propelled mower, especially for use between the rows of Christmas tree crops and similar plant or tree crops where the unwanted grass and weed growth is mowed down (crushed) by a rotary mower, characterized in that the mower is adapted to the type of row crop (Christmas tree planting). etc) by having a suitably narrow structure in which the width of the impact roller (12) corresponds to the row spacing in the culture, and by combining good off-road characteristics with high maneuverability (i.e., small turning radius), which properties are obtained by aligning the machine with crack control ( 9,10) and by placing the impactor assembly (4) - that is, the impactor roller (12) with associated shielding (13) - under the chassis frame (1) between a front (2) and rear wheel set (3).

Self-propelled impactor according to claim 1, characterized in that in connection with the articulated joint (9,10) in the chassis (1) there is also a torsion bearing (11) which permits the two chassis frame parts (1a, 1b) which are connected in the knuckle, to twist in relation to each other.

Self-propelled impact mower according to claim 1, characterized in that the chassis frame (1) as a whole is height adjustable and the cutting height of the impact assembly (4) is adjusted in this way.

Self-propelled mower conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a separate motor (5,6) for both the mower assembly (4) and the machine's propulsion in the terrain.

Self-propelled mower according to claim 1, characterized in that there is a shaft-like rail device (15) on each side arranged to lift the branches of the culture plants from the ground and free of the mower during the passage of the machine.

Self-propelled mower conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that it is prepared for the application of spray equipment for (row) spraying of the crop at the same time as the cutting.

Self-propelled mower according to claim 1, characterized in that it is prepared for mounting of equipment for dosing and laying fertilizers (NPK fertilizers and the like) at the same time as the cutting, ie during the machine's passage down the rows.

8. Self-propelled mower according to claim 7, characterized in that this dosing equipment is arranged for depositing a specific fertilizer dose next to or below each tree / plant in the planting.

9. Self-propelled impactor according to claim 8, characterized in that the dosing equipment is manually controlled (initiated) by the operator, or that a control exists which automatically ensures the delivery of fertilizer doses based on suitable sensors (photocells or the like). next to the trees during the passage of the machine.