DK656287A

DK656287A - TOWER ELEMENT

Info

Publication number: DK656287A
Application number: DK656287A
Authority: DK
Inventors: Erich Herz
Original assignee: Alusuisse
Priority date: 1986-12-16
Filing date: 1987-12-15
Publication date: 1988-06-17
Also published as: DE3642846C2; DE3642846A1; DE3774689D1; DK656287D0; ATE69633T1; EP0275824B1; EP0275824A1

Abstract

A scaffolding element has tubes (2) which are arranged parallel to and at a distance from one another and are connected by means of transverse tubular struts (3), which struts are equipped with holding devices for fastening or fixing boards, planks or other additional elements. At the same time, the transverse tubular struts (3) are equipped with at least two holding pins (5) forming a common moulding (4) which bears with a fit against the respective tubular struts (3) on at least its topside and thereafter on both sides and which is connected to it. <IMAGE>

Description

Den foreliggende opfindelse angår høj fyldte phenolharpiks-skumstoffer samt deres anvendelse som isoleringsformlegemer.The present invention relates to high-filled phenolic resin foams and their use as insulating mold bodies.

Det er kendt at blande visse phenolresolharpikser med fyldstoffer, således at der ved opskumning af disse blandinger opnås hårde skumstoffer med et stort indhold af fyldstoffer. Det er endvidere kendt, at disse skumstoffer kan klassificeres i brandklasse A2 og er egnede i byggesektoren til fremstilling af isoleringsformlegemer, jævnfør DE-patentskrift nr. 3.244.779.It is known to mix certain phenolic resole resins with fillers, so that by foaming these mixtures, hard foams with a high content of fillers are obtained. Furthermore, it is known that these foams can be classified into fire class A2 and are suitable in the construction sector for the production of insulating moldings, according to DE patent specification 3,244,779.

Fremstillingen af disse kendte hårde skumstoffer er imidlertid forbundet med vanskeligheder, da den flydende phenolresolharpiks, som skal anvendes, allerede ved et fyldstofindhold på 250 vægt-%, beregnet på den flydende phenolresolharpiks, er yderst vanskelig at opskumme, og det er ikke muligt at opnå reproducerbare resultater.However, the preparation of these known hard foams is fraught with difficulties, since the liquid phenolic resole resin to be used, already at a filler content of 250 wt.%, Based on the liquid phenolic resole resin, is extremely difficult to foam and is not obtainable. reproducible results.

Det er endvidere en ulempe ved disse kendte hårde skumstoffer, at de har en utilstrækkelig trykstyrke, således at deres anvendelse i byggesektoren er problematisk. Desuden har disse skumstoffer et svind på ca. 1%, hvilket er en ulempe ved deres anvendelse til isoleringsformål.Furthermore, it is a disadvantage of these known hard foams that they have insufficient compressive strength, so that their use in the construction sector is problematic. In addition, these foams have a shrinkage of approx. 1%, which is a disadvantage of their use for insulation purposes.

Det er formålet med opfindelsen at tilvejebringe duro-plastiske hårde skumstoffer, som har et fyldstofindhold på mere end 100 vægt-%, beregnet på harpiksmængden i skumstoffet, og som i form af opskummelige blandinger stadig har flydeevne, således at de let kan opskummes. Endvidere skal de ønskede skumstoffer have en massefylde på mellem 200 og 500 kg/m^, udvise mindst muligt svind og have en større trykstyrke end kendte hårde duroplastskumstoffer.It is an object of the invention to provide duro-plastic hard foams having a filler content of more than 100% by weight, based on the amount of resin in the foam, and which in the form of foamable mixtures still have flowability so that they can be easily foamed. Furthermore, the desired foams must have a density of between 200 and 500 kg / m 2, exhibit the least possible shrinkage and have a higher compressive strength than known hard duroplast foams.

Dette opnås ifølge opfindelsen med hårde skumstoffer med et fyldstofindhold på mere end 100 vægt-%, beregnet på harpiksindholdet i skumstoffet, som fremstilles ved opskumning af en flydedygtig blanding af phenolresol-harpikser, drivmidler, hærdere og fyldstoffer som angivet i krav 1's kendetegnende del.This is achieved according to the invention with hard foams having a filler content of more than 100% by weight, based on the resin content of the foam, which is produced by foaming a liquid mixture of phenolic resole resins, propellants, hardeners and fillers as defined in claim 1.

De hårde skumstoffer ifølge opfindelsen har massefylder på fra 200 til 500 kg/m^, fortrinsvis fra 250 til 350 kg/m^. De kan fremstilles på i og for sig kendt måde ved opskumning af phenolresolharpikser, som foruden de til opskum-ningen og hærdningen i og for sig kendte hærdere og drivmidler indeholder fyldstoffer i mængder på over 100 vægt-%, beregnet på phenolresolharpiksen, som skal opskummes. Til trods for det høje indhold af fyldstoffer i disse phenolharpikser, er de stadig flydedygtige.The hard foams of the invention have densities of from 200 to 500 kg / m 2, preferably from 250 to 350 kg / m 2. They can be prepared in a manner known per se by foaming phenolic resole resins which, in addition to the foaming and curing known per se and propellants, contain fillers in amounts greater than 100 wt%, calculated on the phenolic resole resin to be foamed. . Despite the high content of fillers in these phenolic resins, they are still liquid.

De omhandlede hårde skumstoffer har mindst lige så gode fysiske egenskaber som de kendte hårde skumstoffer med samme eller endog højere indhold af fyldstoffer. De kan ligeledes klassificeres i brandklasse A2 ifølge DIN 4102, og ved forbrænding udvikler de praktisk taget ingen røg eller dampe. På grund af deres høje indhold af fyldstoffer har de bedre mekaniske egenskaber, f.eks. trykstyrke, end de kendte hårde duroplastiske skumstoffer. Endvidere er deres brandbestandighed særdeles god og bedre end ved de kendte hårde duroplastskumstoffer.The hard foams in question have at least as good physical properties as the known hard foams with the same or even higher content of fillers. They can also be classified in fire class A2 according to DIN 4102, and in combustion they develop virtually no smoke or vapors. Because of their high content of fillers, they have better mechanical properties, e.g. compressive strength than the known hard duroplastic foams. Furthermore, their fire resistance is extremely good and better than the known hard duroplastic foams.

De hårde skumstoffer ifølge opfindelsen udmærker sig endvidere ved en god isoleringsevne. De kan derfor fortrinsvis anvendes som isoleringsformlegemer. Til dette formål kan disse formlegemer eksempelvis foreligge i form af blokke, plader, halvskåle eller rørkapper. Sådanne formlegemer anvendes hovedsagelig i byggesektoren. De omhandlede hårde skumstoffer kan også anvendes til andre isoleringslegemer, som anvendes i bygge- eller sanitetssektoren, i dertil egnede geometriske former.Furthermore, the hard foams of the invention are characterized by a good insulating ability. Therefore, they can preferably be used as insulating moldings. For this purpose, these moldings may for example be in the form of blocks, plates, half bowls or pipe casings. Such moldings are mainly used in the construction sector. The hard foam disclosed can also be used for other insulating bodies used in the building or sanitary sector, in suitable geometric shapes.

Isoleringslegemerne kan også foreligge i form af kompositlegemer. Som eventuelt kompositmateriale kan nævnes træ, metal eller kunststof. I sådanne komposit-materialer udviser skumstoffet ifølge opfindelsen ingen krympning ved grænsefladerne mellem skum og kompositstof-fet. Det er endog muligt i sådanne kompositlegemer, og også ved fremstillingen af ovennævnte formlegemer, at give det yderste lag en højere massefylde end kernen. Dette lag kan reguleres med hensyn til styrke og massefylde.The insulating bodies may also be in the form of composite bodies. Possible composite materials include wood, metal or plastic. In such composite materials, the foam of the invention exhibits no shrinkage at the interfaces between foam and composite grease. It is even possible in such composite bodies, and also in the manufacture of the above-mentioned moldings, to give the outermost layer a higher density than the core. This layer can be regulated in terms of strength and density.

Kompositmaterialelegemerne er ligeledes legemer, som kan anvendes i byggesektoren, f.eks. rør forsynet med kapper, hvor skummet er anbragt mellem kappen og røret, eller legemer, som anvendes inden for sanitetsområdet, som f.eks. installationsceller.The composite material bodies are also bodies which can be used in the construction sector, e.g. tubes provided with sheaths where the foam is disposed between the sheath and the tube, or bodies used in the sanitation field such as e.g. Installation cells.

Isoleringen i de nævnte formlegemer virker eksempelvis mod overføring af kulde, varme eller lyd.For example, the insulation in said moldings acts against the transfer of cold, heat or sound.

Phenolresolharpikserne, som anvendes til fremstillingen af de omhandlede hårde skumstoffer, er kendte harpikser, som kan fremstilles ved basisk kondensation af phenol og formaldehyd. Kondensationen gennemføres på i og for sig kendt måde således, at der dannes opskummelige phenol-resolharpikser. Der foretages ingen tilsætning af furfurol eller furfurylalkohol eller furanharpikser før eller under kondensationen. Resolharpiksen er fri for furanforbindel-ser.The phenolic resole resins used in the preparation of the present hard foams are known resins which can be prepared by basic condensation of phenol and formaldehyde. The condensation is carried out in a manner known per se so that foamable phenolic resole resins are formed. No addition of furfurol or furfuryl alcohol or furan resins before or during the condensation. The resole resin is free of furan compounds.

Opskumningen gennemføres ved hjælp af drivmidler og hærdere. Som drivmiddel kan eksempelvis anvendes lavt-kogende carbonhydrider, såsom pentan, hexan eller blandinger af disse carbonhydrider, som koger i området mellem 40 og 90eC. Som drivmiddel kan endvidere anvendes fluorcarbonhydrider, som koger i dette temperaturområde.The foaming is carried out using propellants and hardeners. As a propellant, for example, low-boiling hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane or mixtures of these hydrocarbons boiling in the range of 40 to 90 ° C may be used. Fluorocarbons which boil in this temperature range can also be used as propellants.

Mængden af drivmiddel i opskumningsblandingen ligger mellem 1 og 15 vægt-%, beregnet på phenolresolharpiksen, fortrinsvis mellem 2 og 5 vægt-%.The amount of propellant in the foaming mixture is between 1 and 15% by weight, based on the phenolic resole resin, preferably between 2 and 5% by weight.

Som hærdere anvendes aromatiske sulfonsyrer, som f.eks. toluensulfonsyrerne, eventuelt i blanding med svovlsyre. Mængden af hærder ligger mellem 10 og 25 vægt-%, fortrinsvis mellem 10 og 15 vægt-%, beregnet på phenolresolharpiksen.As hardeners are used aromatic sulfonic acids, such as e.g. the toluene sulfonic acids, optionally in admixture with sulfuric acid. The amount of hardener is between 10 and 25% by weight, preferably between 10 and 15% by weight, based on the phenolic resole resin.

Det anvendte aluminiumhydroxid skal have mindst mulig kornstørrelse. Indholdet af fine korn (kornstørrelse under 5,5 μτη) skal i det mindste ligge mellem 30 og 60%, beregnet på den samlede fyldstofmængde.The aluminum hydroxide used must have the minimum grain size. The content of fine grains (grain size less than 5,5 μτη) must be at least between 30 and 60%, based on the total amount of filler.

Det foretrukne fyldstof er aluminiumhydroxid i form af hydrargillit. Aluminiumhydroxidet udgør i det mindste 90% af fyldstofindholdet. Den resterende del kan bestå af andre i og for sig kendte faste stoffer i hårde skumstoffer.The preferred filler is aluminum hydroxide in the form of hydrogillite. The aluminum hydroxide represents at least 90% of the filler content. The remainder may consist of other solid foams known per se.

Endvidere kan det samlede fyldstofindhold bestå af aluminiumhydroxid. Yderligere kan op til 10% af aluminiumhydroxidet være erstattet med Si02·Furthermore, the total filler content may consist of aluminum hydroxide. In addition, up to 10% of the aluminum hydroxide may be replaced by SiO 2 ·

Opfindelsen illustreres nærmere ved hjælp af det efterfølgende eksempel.The invention is further illustrated by the following example.

Eksempel 1 kg phenolresolharpiks "DYNAPOR"® T 612 S3 blandes med 20 g n-pentan, 1200 g aluminiumhydroxid med en kornstørrelse i området 2-150 μπι og 150 g hærder bestående af en blanding af 40 vægtdele toluensulfonsyre, 20 vægtdele 96%'s svovlsyre og 40 vægtdele vand. Blandingen hældes derefter i en forberedt træform med et frit rumfang på 6000 cm3. Efter 45 minutters forløb er opskumnings- og hærdereaktionen afsluttet. Det dannede formlegeme udfylder formen fuldstændigt og kan på dette tidspunkt udtages af formen.Example 1 kg of phenolic resole resin "DYNAPOR" ® T 612 S3 is mixed with 20 g of n-pentane, 1200 g of aluminum hydroxide having a grain size in the range of 2-150 µπι and 150 g of hardener consisting of a mixture of 40 parts by weight of toluene sulfonic acid, 20 parts by weight 96% sulfuric acid and 40 parts by weight of water. The mixture is then poured into a prepared wooden mold with a free volume of 6000 cm3. After 45 minutes, the foaming and curing reaction is completed. The formed mold body fills the mold completely and can be removed from the mold at this time.

Formlegemet har en massefylde på 350 kg/m^. Dets trykstyrke udgør 21 kg/cm^. Indholdet af åbne celler udgør 30% (målt med et Beckmann Air-Comparison-Pyknometer). Det har en varmeledningsevne (X 24°) på 0,06 W/mK. Efter opbevaring ved 100°C i 2 dage udgør rumfangssvindet 0,3%. Formlegemet har et tæt ydre lag med en tykkelse på ca. 5 mm.The die body has a density of 350 kg / m 2. Its compressive strength is 21 kg / cm 2. The content of open cells is 30% (measured with a Beckmann Air-Comparison-Pycnometer). It has a thermal conductivity (X 24 °) of 0.06 W / mK. After storage at 100 ° C for 2 days, the volume decrease is 0.3%. The mold body has a dense outer layer with a thickness of approx. 5 mm.

En plade med en tykkelse på 20 mm udskåret af formlegemet har en brandbestandighedstid på 80 minutter ved udsættelse for flammen fra en bunsenbrænder og en overfladetemperatur på ca. 1100eC.A plate with a thickness of 20 mm cut out of the mold body has a fire resistance time of 80 minutes by exposure to the flame from a bunsen burner and a surface temperature of approx. 1100eC.

Claims

1. Hard duroplast resin resin having a filler content greater than 100% by weight, based on the resin content of the foam, produced by foaming a liquid mixture of the corresponding resole resin, propellant, hardener and filler, characterized in that: (b) at least 90% of the filler is aluminum hydroxide, and up to 10% may be replaced by SiO 2; (c) between 30 and 60%. of the aluminum hydroxide has a grain size in the range below 5 µm.

Foam according to claim 1, characterized in that the filler is hydrargillite.

Use of a foam according to claim 1 or 2 in mold bodies having a layer-tight, adjustable outer layer.

Use of a hard foam material according to any one of claims 1-3 as insulating mold body with reinforced outer layer.

Use of a hard foam as insulation molding according to claim 4 in shrink-free composite bodies.