DK2532889T3 - Vindmølle og fremgangsmåde til drift af vindmølle - Google Patents

Vindmølle og fremgangsmåde til drift af vindmølle Download PDF

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Publication number
DK2532889T3
DK2532889T3 DK11382186.2T DK11382186T DK2532889T3 DK 2532889 T3 DK2532889 T3 DK 2532889T3 DK 11382186 T DK11382186 T DK 11382186T DK 2532889 T3 DK2532889 T3 DK 2532889T3
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DK
Denmark
Prior art keywords
rotor
wind turbine
power electronic
positioning
generator
Prior art date
Application number
DK11382186.2T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Lluma Marc Sala
Original Assignee
Alstom Renewable Technologies
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alstom Renewable Technologies filed Critical Alstom Renewable Technologies
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DK2532889T3 publication Critical patent/DK2532889T3/da

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F03D9/255—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/16—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring
    • H02P25/22—Multiple windings; Windings for more than three phases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P3/00—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P3/06—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter
    • H02P3/18—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter for stopping or slowing an ac motor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/006—Means for protecting the generator by using control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/04—Control effected upon non-electric prime mover and dependent upon electric output value of the generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/90—Braking
    • F05B2260/903—Braking using electrical or magnetic forces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
    • H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Claims (13)

  1. drive the generator in a rearward direction. This combination allows a good control over the generator (and thereby the rotor hub and blades) in all conditions, regardless of the instantaneous position of the hub. A further advantage of this particular arrangement is that the converter of at least one of the winding sets, which always only needs to provide torque in one direction, may be simplified (two quadrants, instead of four quadrants). In an alternative embodiment, the two remaining winding sets may be used in a combined drive. [0026] In a further alternative embodiment, only two winding sets (e.g. three-phase) are provided and in the positioning mode, one of them is used to compensate the aerodynamic torque, whereas the other one is used for fine positioning. [0027] A further aspect of the shown embodiments is that redundancy is provided in the wind turbine generator. For example, during normal operation of the wind turbine, if there is a problem with one of the winding sets, the others may be used to control the generator. Figure 1 b illustrates one of the frequency converters 20, in case a three-phase implementation is used. The frequency converter shown comprises diode bridges for the rectifier 20a, DC-link 20b, and a plurality of IGBT's for the inverter 20c. Figure 2 schematically illustrates an example of sensor arrangement for a wind turbine hub that may be used in embodiments of the invention. In order to ensure precise positioning of a wind turbine rotor, several kinds of sensing arrangements may be used. [0028] On a nacelle or on a generator, one or more proximity sensors (e.g. inductive or capacitance sensors) may be arranged, preferably at least partly in proximity of a rotor locking mechanism. In a plane 31 of the rotor hub 30 carrying a plurality of blades, (metallic) elements 34 that can be detected by the proximity sensors are provided. In preferred examples, these elements are provided on each side of the blade, such that the approach of the hub towards an angular position may be noted through registration of a first element; and if measurements are received from both elements, the blade is positioned in between the sensors. [0029] In alternative embodiments, other types of (proximity) sensors may be used to determine a position of the rotor. Furthermore, the sensors may be provided in a plane on the hub, whereas the elements to be detected are arranged on the nacelle or on the generator. Also, the number of sensors and precise angular position may be varied in different embodiments. [0030] It will be clear that the methods and systems described herein may be used both for positioning a rotor in a unique predefined position, and for positioning it in one of a plurality of predefined positions. It will furthermore be clear, that any kind of rotor locking system may be used in embodiments of the invention. [0031] Although only a number of particular embodiments and examples of the invention have been disclosed herein, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that other alternative embodiments and/or uses of the invention and obvious modifications and equivalents thereof are possible. Furthermore, the present invention coversall possible combinations of the particular embodiments described. Thus, the scope of the present invention should not be limited by particular embodiments, but should be determined only by a fair reading of the claims that follow.
    1. Fremgangsmåde til drift af en vindmølle omfattende en rotor, en multiviklingsgenerator (10) med en flerhed af uafhængige sæt af kontrolviklinger (11, 12, 13) og en flerhed af uafhængige effektelektroniske omformere (21, 22, 23 ) til styring af hvert sæt af kontrolviklinger (11, 12, 13) uafhængigt af hinanden, hvilken fremgangsmåde er kendetegnet ved, at omfatte i en normal driftstilstand, styrer flerheden af effektelektroniske omformere (21,22, 23) sættet af kontrolviklinger (11, 12, 13) i det væsentlige på samme måde, mens i en positioneringstilstand til positionering afen rotor af en vindmølle i én afen eller flere forudbestemte vinkelpositioner, styreren af de uafhængige effektelektroniske omformere (21,22 eller 23) dens tilsvarende sæt af kontrolviklinger (11, 12, 13) på en væsentlig anderledes måde end mindst én anden uafhængig effektelektronisk omformer (21, 22, 23).
  2. 2. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1, hvor i positioneringstilstanden, en af de effektelektroniske omformere (21, 22, 23) genererer et drejningsmoment i dens tilsvarende sæt af kontrolviklinger (11, 12, 13) til i det væsentlige at kompensere det øjeblikkelige aerodynamiske drejningsmoment.
  3. 3. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1, hvor i positioneringstilstanden, to eller flere af de effektelektroniske omformere (21, 22, 23) sammen genererer et drejningsmoment i deres tilsvarende sæt af kontrolviklinger (11, 12, 13) til i det væsentlige at kompensere det øjeblikkelige aerodynamiske drejningsmoment.
  4. 4. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 2 eller 3, hvor i positioneringstilstanden, mindst en af de andre effektelektroniske omformere (21, 22, 23) frembringer et fremadrettet drejningsmoment i sin tilsvarende sæt af kontrolviklinger (11, 12, 13).
  5. 5. Fremgangsmåde ifølge ethvert af kravene 2-4, hvor i positioneringstilstanden, mindst en af de andre effektelektroniske omformere (21, 22, 23) genererer et bagudrettet drejningsmoment i sin tilsvarende sæt af kontrolviklinger (11, 12 , 13).
  6. 6. Fremgangsmåde ifølge ethvert af kravene 1 - 4, hvor i positioneringstilstand, generatoren drives som en motor.
  7. 7. Fremgangsmåde ifølge ethvert af kravene 1 - 6, hvor i positioneringstilstand, input til en eller flere af de effektelektroniske omformere (21,22, 23) er den øjeblikkelige hastighed og/ellerden øjeblikkelige position og/eller rotorens øjeblikkelige drejningsmoment.
  8. 8. Fremgangsmåde ifølge ethvert af kravene 1 - 7, hvor i positioneringstilstand, en PID-algoritme anvendes i styringen af mindst et af sættene af kontrolviklinger (11, 12, 13).
  9. 9. En vindmølle omfattende en rotor, en multiviklingsgenerator (10) med en flerhed af uafhængige sæt af kontrolviklinger (11, 12, 13), og en flerhed af uafhængige effektelektroniske omformere (21, 22, 23) til styring af hvert sæt af kontrolviklinger uafhængigt af hinanden, kendetegnet ved, at generatoren (10) og uafhængige effektelektroniske omformere (21,22, 23) er tilpasset til at arbejde i mindst to forskellige driftstilstande, og hvor i det mindste i en første driftstilstand, fungerer alle de uafhængige effektelektroniske omformere (21,22, 23) i det væsentlige på samme måde, og i det mindste i en anden driftstilstand, fungerer ikke alle de uafhængige effektelektroniske omformere (21,22, 23) i det væsentlige på den samme måde, hvor den nævnte anden driftstilstand er en positioneringstilstand til positionering af rotoren i én af en eller flere forudbestemte vinkelpositioner.
  10. 10. Vindmølle ifølge krav 9, som yderligere omfatter en låsemekanisme til fastgørelse af vindmøllens rotor i en forudbestemt position.
  11. 11. Vindmølle ifølge krav 10, hvor låsemekanismen omfatter en åbning tilvejebragt på et rotornav (30), og en indsættelseselement tilvejebragt på en nacelle eller generator.
  12. 12. Vindmølle ifølge et hvilket som helst af kravene 9-11, som yderligere omfatter en eller flere nærhedssensorer i et første plan, og et eller flere elementer til at blive registreret i et andet plan.
  13. 13. Vindmølle ifølge et hvilket som helst af kravene 9-12, hvor de uafhængige effektelektroniske omformere (21, 22, 23) er variable frekvens drev.
DK11382186.2T 2011-06-06 2011-06-06 Vindmølle og fremgangsmåde til drift af vindmølle DK2532889T3 (da)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11382186.2A EP2532889B1 (en) 2011-06-06 2011-06-06 Wind turbine and method of operating a wind turbine

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DK2532889T3 true DK2532889T3 (da) 2014-11-24

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Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US9222463B2 (da)
EP (1) EP2532889B1 (da)
DK (1) DK2532889T3 (da)
WO (1) WO2012168209A1 (da)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20140070539A1 (en) 2014-03-13
EP2532889A1 (en) 2012-12-12
US9222463B2 (en) 2015-12-29
EP2532889B1 (en) 2014-08-13
WO2012168209A1 (en) 2012-12-13

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