DK175937B1 - Flexible felt of fiber material with random fiber orientation - Google Patents
Flexible felt of fiber material with random fiber orientation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DK175937B1 DK175937B1 DK199501180A DK118095A DK175937B1 DK 175937 B1 DK175937 B1 DK 175937B1 DK 199501180 A DK199501180 A DK 199501180A DK 118095 A DK118095 A DK 118095A DK 175937 B1 DK175937 B1 DK 175937B1
- Authority
- DK
- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- felt
- fibers
- mineral wool
- crepe
- thickness
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title description 31
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002557 mineral fiber Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009422 external insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B19/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural mineral fibres or particles, e.g. asbestos, mica
- B32B19/04—Layered products comprising a layer of natural mineral fibres or particles, e.g. asbestos, mica next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B19/046—Layered products comprising a layer of natural mineral fibres or particles, e.g. asbestos, mica next to another layer of the same or of a different material of paper or cardboard
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/04—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres having existing or potential cohesive properties, e.g. natural fibres, prestretched or fibrillated artificial fibres
- D04H1/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres having existing or potential cohesive properties, e.g. natural fibres, prestretched or fibrillated artificial fibres and hardened by felting; Felts or felted products
- D04H1/22—Three-dimensional articles formed by felting processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H13/00—Other non-woven fabrics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/718—Weight, e.g. weight per square meter
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2317/00—Animal or vegetable based
- B32B2317/12—Paper, e.g. cardboard
- B32B2317/122—Kraft paper
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)
Description
i DK 175937 B1in DK 175937 B1
Opfindelsen angår en filt af mineraluld, navnlig en såkaldt crepet filt, det vil sige, i hvilken fibrenes orientering i stedet for at være parallelle med et plan er så godt som tilfældig.The invention relates to a felt of mineral wool, in particular a so-called crepe felt, that is, in which the orientation of the fibers rather than being parallel to a plane is virtually random.
5 Crepede filter er indrettet til forskellige anvendel ser, navnlig hvor man enten vil kunne udsætte dem for et tryk, uden at fremkalde en alt for stor fladtrykning, eller et træk vinkelret på overfladen, uden at medføre delami-nering. Til forskel fra sædvanlige, lagdelte filter er de 10 imidlertid meget følsomme over for bøjning, og så snart man bukker dem, selv i ringe grad, slår de revner vinkelret på deres overflade. Dette fænomen begrænser i høj grad anvendelsesområdet for crepede filter. Det er et ønske at kunne gøre dette område større.5 Creped filters are designed for various applications, in particular where they can either be subjected to pressure without causing excessive flat pressure or a perpendicular to the surface without causing delamination. However, unlike conventional layered filters, the 10 are very sensitive to bending, and as soon as they bend, even to a slight extent, they strike cracks perpendicular to their surface. This phenomenon greatly limits the field of application of creped filters. It is a desire to be able to make this area bigger.
15 Traditionelt er filter af mineralfibre lagdelte, idet de opbygges kontinuert, idet fibrene, der bevæges af gasstrømme, afsættes på en transportør. Transportøren fastholder fibrene og slipper gasserne igennem.Traditionally, filters of mineral fibers are layered as they are built up continuously, the fibers moving by gas streams deposited on a conveyor. The conveyor holds the fibers and releases the gases.
Inden de afsættes på transportøren, påstryges fibrene 20 med en klæbende sammensætning, der er indrettet til at binde fibrene til hinanden, og giver således vedhæftning til den opbyggede filt. Den klæbende sammensætning, der er påført i væskeform, hærdes ved en varmebehandling, der udføres på filten, der i forvejen er bragt på den ønskede 25 form med hensyn til tykkelse og massefylde.Before being deposited on the conveyor, the fibers 20 are coated with an adhesive composition adapted to bond the fibers to each other, thus providing adhesion to the built-up felt. The adhesive composition applied in liquid form is cured by a heat treatment performed on the felt which is already applied to the desired shape in thickness and density.
De traditionelle måder at fremstille filter på udmunder i produkter, hvis egenskaber ikke helt svarer til de krav, der stilles ved særlige anvendelser. Udover de isolerende egenskaber, der kræves på helt almindelig måde, 30 er det således undertiden nødvendigt, at de anvendte produkter har meget specifikke mekaniske egenskaber. Dette er f.eks. tilfældet for produkter, der bærer bygningselementer, og som således skal modstå store sammentrykninger, såsom de produkter, der tjener til isolering af 35 tagterrasser, der er tilgængelige for trafik. Det er også tilfældet for produkter, der anvendes til yder isolering, og som navnlig bør kunne modstå afrivningskræfter.The traditional ways of making filters end up in products whose properties do not quite meet the requirements of particular applications. Thus, in addition to the insulating properties required in a very ordinary way, it is sometimes necessary that the products used have very specific mechanical properties. This is e.g. This is the case for products that carry building elements and which thus have to withstand large compressions, such as the products that serve to insulate 35 roof terraces that are accessible to traffic. This is also the case for products used for external insulation and which should in particular be able to withstand tearing forces.
DK 175937 B1 2DK 175937 B1 2
For at tilvejebringe produkter med disse særlige egenskaber er det nødvendigt at ændre de traditionelle metoder til at fremstille filterne.In order to provide products with these particular properties, it is necessary to change the traditional methods of making the filters.
Med den traditionelle metode fører dannelsen af 5 filterne ved afsætning af fibre på en modtagende transportør, eller på et tilsvarende organ, til en indfiltring, som ikke er ensartet i alle retninger. Det viser sig i forsøg, at fibrene har en stor tilbøjelighed til at placere sig parallelt med den modtagende overflade. Denne til-10 bøjelighed er så meget desto mere udtalt, når fibrene er længere. Denne filtstruktur er gavnlig med hensyn til isolerende egenskaber og trækstyrke i længderetningen. En sådan struktur er således fordelagtig i mange anvendelser.With the conventional method, the formation of the filters by depositing fibers on a receiving conveyor, or on a corresponding means, leads to an infiltration which is not uniform in all directions. It is found in experiments that the fibers have a high tendency to place parallel to the receiving surface. This added flexibility is all the more pronounced when the fibers are longer. This felt structure is beneficial in terms of longitudinal insulating properties and tensile strength. Thus, such a structure is advantageous in many applications.
Det skal imidlertid forstås, at en sådan struktur ikke er 15 den bedst egnede, når produktet f.eks. skal kunne modstå sammentrykning eller afrivning i sin tykkelsesretning.However, it should be understood that such a structure is not the most suitable when the product e.g. shall be able to withstand compression or tearing in its thickness direction.
Der kendes metoder, som giver fibrene en så godt som tilfældig orientering. I europæisk patentansøgning nr.Methods are known which give the fibers a virtually random orientation. In European patent application no.
0 133 083 foreslås, at filten af fibre, der er modtaget på 20 det modtagende organ, eventuelt efter at have undergået en sammentrykning i tykkelsesretningen, komprimeres kontinuerligt i længderetningen gennem passage fra et par transportører, der bevæges med én hastighed, til et par transportører med en lavere hastighed end den foregående. Højere 25 kompressionsgrader kan opnås, når kompressionen udføres i flere successive trin, navnlig med filter, hvor kompression uden folddannelse er besværlig at opnå. For at opnå samme endelige kompressionsgrad, kan egenskaberne hos de frembragte produkter forbedres, hvis kompressionen udføres i 30 flere trin.0 133 083, it is proposed that the felt fibers received on the receiving means, optionally after having undergone thickness compression, be continuously compressed longitudinally through passage from a pair of conveyors moving at one speed to a pair of conveyors. at a lower rate than the previous one. Higher degrees of compression can be achieved when compression is performed in several successive steps, especially with filters where compression without folding is difficult to achieve. To achieve the same final degree of compression, the properties of the products produced can be improved if the compression is performed in 30 multiple steps.
I et andet dokument, nemlig europæisk patentansøgning nr. 0 434 536, foreslås en filt af mineralfibre med forbedrede egenskaber, hvor fibrene har så godt som tilfældige orienteringer, og hvor filten er dannet af 35 fibre, der for største delen har en diameter på mellem 2,5 og 4,5 μτη, en længde på 2 til 15 cm, og en massefylde, som o ikke overstiger 40 kg/m . I denne ansøgning imødeses, at DK 175937 B1 3 måtten kan have et dæklag, dvs. være belagt med et eller flere vedhæftende lag af papir, aluminium, polyethylen eller PVC.In another document, European Patent Application No. 0 434 536, a felt of mineral fibers with improved properties is proposed, the fibers having virtually random orientations, and the felt being formed of 35 fibers having a diameter mostly of 2.5 and 4.5 μτη, a length of 2 to 15 cm, and a density not exceeding 40 kg / m. In this application it is contemplated that the DK 175937 B1 3 mat may have a covering layer, i.e. be coated with one or more adhesive layers of paper, aluminum, polyethylene or PVC.
De ved de ovenfor beskrevne teknikker frembragte 5 måtter af crepede mineralfibre transporteres og anvendes normalt i dén form, som de er fremstillet på, dvs. som plane paneler. Det ville imidlertid være interessant at kunne bøje de crepede måtter - midlertidigt eller vedvarende - og eventuelt med små krumningsradier.The 5 mats made of creped mineral fibers produced by the techniques described above are usually transported and used in the form in which they are made, ie. like flat panels. However, it would be interesting to be able to bend the creped mats - temporarily or permanently - and possibly with small radii of curvature.
10 Interessen i at kunne rulle de crepede måtter sammen for at tillade transport og oplagring af store længder, uden at anvende for meget plads, er indlysende. Inden for det industrielle anvendelsesområde for crepede måtter, er isoleringen af store rørledninger eller cylindriske 15 beholdere, på hvilke man skal kunne gå, en anvendelse, hvor vedvarende krumning af en crepet måtte ville være meget anvendelig.10 The interest in being able to roll the creped mats together to allow transport and storage of large lengths, without using too much space, is obvious. In the industrial field of scratched mats, the insulation of large pipelines or cylindrical containers on which to walk can be an application where sustained curvature of a crepe may be very useful.
Stadigvæk inden for den kendte teknik vedrørende filter af crepet mineraluld kendes europæisk patentskrift 20 nr. 0 472 532, som foreslår en teknik til fremstilling af en crepet plade, der belagt med et dæklag på en enkelt side. Ifølge denne metode afsættes der efter crepningen, der er foretaget på sædvanlig måde, på måttens to overflader et glasvæv før den termiske behandling af limen, som 25 udgør bindemidlet. Ved udgangen kløves måtten i tykkelsesretningen for at danne to ens måtter, der er belagt på en enkelt side. Denne teknik gør det muligt at tilvejebringe en plade, som kan bøjes, idet den lader glasvævet udgøre den konkave side. Dokumentet viser tydeligt, at bøjning i 30 den anden retning (glasvæv på den konvekse side) er umulig. Mellemproduktet med vævet på de to overflader bliver beskrevet som stift, men efter kløvning er fibrene i den frie side "ikke udsat for træk- og trykkræfter i fibrenes retning, men vinkelret på fibrene, når pladen er bøjet.Still in the prior art regarding crepe mineral wool filters, European Patent Specification No. 20,472,532 is known, which proposes a technique for making a crepe sheet coated with a single-sided coating. According to this method, after the scraping done in the usual manner, a glass tissue is deposited on the two surfaces of the mat before the thermal treatment of the glue which constitutes the binder. At the end, the mat is split in the thickness direction to form two identical mats coated on a single side. This technique makes it possible to provide a sheet which can be bent, leaving the glass tissue to form the concave side. The document clearly shows that bending in the other direction (glass tissue on the convex side) is impossible. The intermediate with the web on the two surfaces is described as rigid, but after cleavage, the fibers in the free side "are not subjected to tensile and compressive forces in the direction of the fibers, but perpendicular to the fibers when the plate is bent.
35 Pladen, der er fremstillet ved metoden, bøjes godt takket været fraværet af vandrette bindinger på bagsiden Sammenstillingen af disse to egenskaber, nemlig stivhed af DK 175937 B1 4 pladen, der har en belægning på sine to overflader, og bøjelighed hos den i tykkelsesretningen kløvede plade, viser, at det er under træk, at glasvævet er udeformerbart, og at krumningen ikke kan finde sted på anden måde, end med 5 belægningen på den konkave side. Den i dokumentet beskrevne monteringsteknik, nemlig at randene af pladen i loftet er "i anlæg mod T-profiler”, som ved en hvælving, bekræfter dette.35 The sheet made by the method bends well thanks to the absence of horizontal bonds on the back The assembly of these two properties, namely the stiffness of the sheet having a coating on its two surfaces, and the flexibility of the slit in the thickness direction plate, shows that it is under tension that the glass tissue is undeformable and that the curvature cannot occur in any other way than with the coating on the concave side. The mounting technique described in the document, namely that the edges of the plate in the ceiling are "in contact with T-profiles", as in the case of a vault, confirm this.
Opfindelsen har til hensigt at tilvejebringe et 10 produkt i form af en måtte af crepede fibre, som uden forringelse kan rulles op på sig selv med henblik på at tillade transport og oplagring.The invention aims to provide a product in the form of a mat of creped fibers which can be rolled up on itself without deterioration for the purpose of permitting transport and storage.
Det er ligeledes en hensigt med opfindelsen at muliggøre anvendelse af måtter med crepede mineralfibre på 15 krumme overflader, uden at de mister deres gode egenskaber, navnlig med hensyn til isolering.It is also an object of the invention to allow the use of mats with creped mineral fibers on 15 curved surfaces without losing their good properties, especially with respect to insulation.
For at nå disse hensigter, foreslår opfindelsen en filt af crepet mineraluld, hvilken filt på i det mindste den ene af sine overflader er udstyret med et dæklag og er 20 indrettet til at undergå en midlertidig eller vedvarende krumning, og hvis overflade, der er indrettet til være konveks, er udstyret med et dæklag, hvis brudstyrke er større end 300 kPa.In order to achieve these objects, the invention proposes a felt of crepe mineral wool, which felt on at least one of its surfaces is provided with a covering layer and is adapted to undergo a temporary or sustained curvature, the surface of which is arranged to be convex, is equipped with a covering layer whose breaking strength is greater than 300 kPa.
Dette lag er fortrinsvis udført på basis af kraft- 25 papir. For selv at kunne opnå den nødvendige egenskab med hensyn til brudstyrke, bør det have en overfladetæthed, der 2 er større end eller lig med 60 g/m .This layer is preferably made from kraft paper. In order to be able to achieve even the required property with respect to breaking strength, it should have a surface density 2 greater than or equal to 60 g / m.
For at være let at rulle op på sig selv og for at bevare alle egenskaber, når først den er placeret på en 30 krum flade, har den crepede filt ifølge opfindelsen fortrinsvis en crepningsgrad på mellem 4 og 5 og en overfladetæthed, der er mindre end 2 kg/m .In order to be easy to roll up on itself and to retain all properties once placed on a curved surface, the creped felt according to the invention preferably has a degree of creep of between 4 and 5 and a surface density less than 2 kg / m.
I en fordelagtig udførelsesform for opfindelsen har produktet på den i forhold til dæklaget modsatte overflade 35 fibre, der er stort set vinkelrette på overfladen. Et sådant arrangement tilvejebringes, hvis filten af crepede mineralfibre er dannet som følge af en deling i tykkelses- DK 175937 B1 5 retningen af en tykkere filt, idet den i forhold til den med dæklaget ifølge opfindelsen belagte, modsatte overflade er dannet ved kløvningen.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the product has on the surface opposite the cover layer 35 fibers which are substantially perpendicular to the surface. Such an arrangement is provided if the felt of scraped mineral fibers is formed as a result of a division in the thickness of a thicker felt, with the opposite surface being coated with the covering layer according to the invention formed by the splitting.
Opfindelsen vil forstås bedre og fordelene vil fremgå 5 mere tydeligt ved hjælp af tegningen og den efterfølgende beskrivelse. På tegningen viser fig. 1 resultatet af en krumning, der er påført en kendt crepet måtte, fig. 2 og 3 en måtte ifølge opfindelsen, henholdsvis 10 før og efter krumning.The invention will be better understood and the advantages will become more apparent from the drawings and the following description. In the drawing, FIG. 1 shows the result of a curvature applied to a known crepe mat; FIG. 2 and 3 a mat according to the invention, respectively 10 before and after curvature.
De crepede filter, om hvilke det her er tale, fremstilles med udgangspunkt i mineraluld, glasuld eller såkaldt stenuld. Disse produkter fremstilles oftest med udgangspunkt i fibre, der er frembragt ved centrifugerings-15 teknikker, alt efter omstændighederne ved passage gennem åbninger i en centrifuge eller simpelt hen ved udkastning på overfladen af ruller, der drejer med høj hastighed.The creped filters, of which this is the case, are made from mineral wool, glass wool or so-called stone wool. These products are most often made from fibers produced by centrifugation techniques, as the case may be, through passage through openings in a centrifuge or simply by throwing on the surface of high speed rotating rollers.
Anlægget til dannelse af filter omfatter først og fremmest én eller flere maskiner af den ovenfor beskrevne 20 art til frembringelse af fibre. De udkastede fibre opsamles ved sugning i det nederste afsnit af maskinerne på et transportbånd, der udgør bunden i et modtagningskammer.The filter forming plant comprises, first and foremost, one or more machines of the above described kind for producing fibers. The ejected fibers are collected by suction in the lower section of the machines on a conveyor belt which forms the bottom of a receiving chamber.
Inden i dette kammer kaster organer en flydende bindemiddelsblanding på fibrene. Man bestræber sig normalt 25 på, at dette udføres på en sådan måde, at fordelingen af bindemiddel på fiberen er så ensartet som muligt, for på denne måde at fordele bindemidlet ensartet i filtenheden.Within this chamber, organs throw a liquid binder mixture onto the fibers. It is usually attempted to perform this in such a way that the distribution of binder on the fiber is as uniform as possible, so as to distribute the binder uniformly in the felt unit.
Filten, der kommer ud fra dette kammer, er normalt forholdsvist let. Dens gennemsnitlige massefylde er lille 30 for en så stor tykkelse. Derudover er fibrene som følge af fremstillingsmåden for filten generelt orienteret i retninger parallelle med transportøren.The felt coming out of this chamber is usually relatively light. Its average density is small 30 for such a large thickness. In addition, as a result of the fabric manufacturing method, the fibers are generally oriented in directions parallel to the conveyor.
I traditionelle anlæg til fremstilling af filter af mineralfibre træder filten, der kommer ud fra modtagnings-35 kammeret, umiddelbart ind i en varmebehandling, som bevirker hærdning af bindemidlet.In conventional plants for the production of mineral fiber filters, the felt exiting the receiving chamber immediately enters a heat treatment which causes the binder to harden.
DK 175937 B1 6DK 175937 B1 6
Ved fremstilling af en crepet, filt fortsætter man til gengæld med en yderligere operation, inden bindemidlet hærder: Det drejer sig om at ændre den dominerende orientering af fibrene. Flere metoder er mulige. Der er f.eks.In making a crepe felt, however, a further operation is continued before the binder hardens: It is a matter of changing the dominant orientation of the fibers. Several methods are possible. There are e.g.
5 den mulighed, at man "kører” filten med nåle, som gennem deres virkning orienterer fibrene vinkelret på filtens overflade. En anden metode muliggør, at filten efter ændringerne får en væsentligt forøget massefylde og en forskellig orientering af fibrene.5 the possibility of "running" the felt with needles which, by their action, orient the fibers perpendicular to the surface of the felt. Another method allows the felt, after the changes, to obtain a substantially increased density and a different orientation of the fibers.
10 Ændringerne ifølge sidstnævnte metode indbefatter fortrinsvis en sammentrykning af filten i tykkelsesretningen. Denne sammentrykning opnås f.eks. ved at lade filten passere gennem to transportører, idet afstanden, der adskiller de to transportører, bliver mindre og mindre i 15 filtens fremføringsretning.The changes according to the latter method preferably include a compression of the felt in the thickness direction. This compression is achieved e.g. by passing the felt through two conveyors, the distance separating the two conveyors becoming smaller and smaller in the direction of feeding of the felt.
Den således sammentrykkede filt passerer herefter mellem andre transportørpar, idet hastigheden for hvert par er mindre end det foregående pars, hvilket medfører en sammentrykning af filten i længderetningen.The thus compressed felt then passes between other conveyor pairs, the speed of each pair being less than the previous pair, which causes a longitudinal compression of the felt.
20 Under denne række af ændringer holdes filten ved varende spærret inde for at undgå, at den igen antager i det mindste en del af sit oprindelige volumen, og den indføres efterfølgende direkte i varmeskabet, hvor varmebehandlingen tilvejebringer hærdningen af bindemidlet og 25 stabiliseringen af produktet.During this series of changes, the felt is held in by the barrier to prevent it from assuming at least part of its original volume, and is subsequently introduced directly into the heating cabinet, where the heat treatment provides the curing of the binder and the stabilization of the product.
Ved udtagelse af en prøve af den crepede filt, der er dannet ved en af de ovenfor beskrevne metoder, og udsætter denne for bøjning, opnås generelt, selv for meget store krumningsradier, en forringelse af produktet. Mellem 30 fibrene i den konvekse side opstår revner, der breder sig til det indre af produktet. I fig. 1 ses en illustration af dette fænomen. Sådanne revner ødelægger produktets stabilitet i sideretningen og dens vedhæftning forringes kraftigt. Bruddet af bindingen mellem fibrene på hver side af revnen 35 er rent faktisk irreversibel, idet det er de i bindemidlet under hærdningen heraf etablerede kemiske bindinger, som ikke mere eksisterer.By taking a sample of the crepe felt formed by one of the methods described above and subjecting it to bending, generally, even for very large radii of curvature, a deterioration of the product is obtained. Between the 30 fibers in the convex side, cracks occur which extend to the interior of the product. In FIG. 1 shows an illustration of this phenomenon. Such cracks destroy the lateral stability of the product and severely impair its adhesion. Indeed, the breaking of the bond between the fibers on each side of the crack 35 is irreversible, being the chemical bonds established in the binder during curing thereof that no longer exist.
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Det ovenfor beskrevne fænomen medfører, at det er umuligt at bøje en crepet filt, selv midlertidigt, uden at ødelægge dens egenskaber. Det er f.eks. af denne grund, at der, hvis man bruger en crepet filt af glasuld med en o 5 massefylde på 16 kg/m og en tykkelse på 120 mm til at isolere en vandret placeret cylindrisk beholder med en diameter på 1 m - idet anvendelsen af crepet materiale burde tillade en kontinuerlig god isolation -, opstår revner på den konvekse side, hvilke revner er identiske med 10 de i fig. l viste, hvilket i høj grad forringer varmeisoleringen af kappen af crepet filt.The above-described phenomenon makes it impossible to bend a crepe felt, even temporarily, without destroying its properties. It is e.g. For this reason, if a glass wool crepe felt with an o 5 density of 16 kg / m and a thickness of 120 mm is used to insulate a horizontally placed cylindrical container with a diameter of 1 m - the use of the crepe material should allow continuous good insulation - cracks occur on the convex side, which cracks are identical to those in FIG. 1, which greatly impairs the heat insulation of the shroud of crepe felt.
I samme forbindelse er det, når man vil anvende en crepet filt med en bredde på 1,20 m og en længde på 10 m med en massefylde på 30 kg/m^ og en tykkelse på 30 mm in-15 dustrielt, interessant at kunne fremstille produktet i ruller, hvor filten er rullet op på sig selv. I et sådant tilfælde, selvom rullens ydre vindinger har en stor krumningsradius, som kun medfører revner med en lille dybde på den konvekse side, vil det i reglen gå anderledes i rullens 20 midte, hvor krumningsradierne er i samme størrelsesorden som filtens tykkelse og således dårlig nok overstiger 30 mm. Her er forringelserne uacceptable. Det er dog særlig interessant at kunne råde over crepede filter i ruller, dvs. med ubegrænset længde, da det på byggepladsen således 25 er muligt, nøjagtigt at skære det stykke til, som der er behov for, uden at skabe affald, som indebærer spild.In the same context, when using a crepe felt with a width of 1.20 m and a length of 10 m with a density of 30 kg / m 2 and a thickness of 30 mm industrial, it is interesting to be able to produce the product in rolls where the felt is rolled up on itself. In such a case, even if the outer windings of the roll have a large radius of curvature, which only causes cracks with a small depth on the convex side, it will generally go differently in the center of the roll 20, where the radii of curvature are of the same order as the thickness of the felt and thus poor probably exceeds 30 mm. Here the deteriorations are unacceptable. However, it is particularly interesting to have creped filters in rolls, ie. of indefinite length, since it is thus possible at the construction site 25 to precisely cut the piece that is needed without creating waste which involves waste.
Opfinderne har således fået den idé at udstyre den ene af produktets overflader med et dæklag, hvis væsentlige funktion er at undgå en udstrækning af produktets konvekse 30 side, som skal gennemgå en krumning.The inventors have thus been given the idea of equipping one of the product's surfaces with a covering layer, whose essential function is to avoid an extension of the convex side of the product, which is to undergo a curvature.
Forsøg med mange forskellige materialer er blevet udført, idet der er brugt film af plast (polyethylen), af metaller (aluminium) og forskellige papirtyper (kraft) . Det drejer sig både om enkle film og om sammensatte materialer.Experiments with many different materials have been carried out, using films made of plastic (polyethylene), of metals (aluminum) and different types of paper (power). These are both simple films and composite materials.
35 Sidstnævnte fremstår på sandwichform, som f.eks. en aluminiumfilm, der over hele sin overflade er forbundet med en polyethylenfilm, eller i form af en enkelt armeret film.The latter appears in sandwich form, e.g. an aluminum film which, over its entire surface, is connected to a polyethylene film, or in the form of a single reinforced film.
DK 175937 B1 8DK 175937 B1 8
Man har således afprøvet kraftpapirer, der er armeret med forstærkningsgitre af glasfibertråde eller af polyestertråde .Thus, kraft papers reinforced with reinforcing gratings made of fiberglass or polyester wires have been tested.
I det følgende vil som et eksempel blive beskrevet en 5 operation, som tilvejebringer en løsning på det stillede problem. I en fremstillingslinie for glasuld, hvor fibrene frembringes ved at tvinge dem at passere gennem åbninger i en centrifuge, er der mellem den crepede filt og transportbåndet, som bærer dem før indføringen i anlægget til 10 varmebehandling, hvor hærdningen af bindemidlet finder sted, indført et dæklag af kraftpapir med en overflade-tæthed på 90 g/m . Dette limes på filten i begyndelsen af fremstillingen og bliver ved med at ledsage denne, idet det færdige produkt er vist i fig. 2. Filten har en massefylde 15 på 43 kg/nV* og en tykkelse på 60 mm. Dens crepningsgrad, dvs. den langsgående koncentration af fibre, der er fremstillet under crepningsoperationen, er på 4,5 (hvilket er lig med forholdet mellem hastighederne ved indgangen til crepningszonen og ved udgangen, og det er også forøgelsen 20 i massefylden). Forsøg på at rulle den således udformede filt op på sig selv er blevet udført, idet kraftpapiret har været på den konvekse side. Efter at have holdt rullen låst i en uge, har man rullet den ud og konstateret, at når den først er gjort flad, har filten ingen erindring, idet den 25 bevarer sin planhed. Endelig viste en destruerende prøvning, ved hvilken man adskilte kraftpapiret fra filtens overflade, fraværet af revner, det vil sige, at produktet ikke på nogen måde har ændret sig under oprulningen.In the following, an example will be described of an operation which provides a solution to the problem posed. In a glass wool manufacturing line where the fibers are produced by forcing them to pass through openings in a centrifuge, a creped felt and the conveyor belt which carries them prior to introduction into the heat treatment plant where the curing of the binder takes place are introduced. cover paper of kraft paper with a surface density of 90 g / m. This is glued to the felt at the beginning of manufacture and continues to accompany it, the finished product being shown in FIG. 2. The felt has a density 15 of 43 kg / nV * and a thickness of 60 mm. Its degree of creep, ie. the longitudinal concentration of fibers produced during the creeping operation is 4.5 (which is equal to the ratio of the velocities at the entrance to the creeping zone and at the exit, and so is the increase in density 20). Attempts to roll the felt thus formed on themselves have been made, since the kraft paper has been on the convex side. After keeping the roller locked for a week, it has been rolled out and found that once flattened, the felt has no memory, retaining its flatness. Finally, a destructive test in which the kraft paper was separated from the felt surface showed the absence of cracks, that is, the product did not change in any way during the roll-up.
Et forsøg på at rulle filten op i den anden retning, 30 med papiret på den konkave side, har givet filten det i fig. 1 viste udseende, dvs. en flerhed af revner, som under hensyntagen til den gennemsnitlige tykkelse af filten krydser denne helt igennem flere steder.An attempt to roll up the felt in the other direction, 30 with the paper on the concave side, has given the felt that shown in FIG. 1, i.e. a plurality of cracks which, taking into account the average thickness of the felt, crosses it completely through several places.
Til gengæld er resultatet, når papiret er på den 35 konvekse side, det i fig. 3 viste, hvor det ses, at filten ikke bevæger sig, bortset fra sammentrykningen af alene den konkave side.In contrast, when the paper is on the convex side, the result is that of FIG. 3 showed where it is seen that the felt does not move except the compression of the concave side alone.
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Et sammenlignende forsøg med et identisk papir, men med en mindre overfladetæthed (60 g/m ) , mislykkedes under oprulningen af filten, idet papiret blev revet i stykker flere steder.A comparative experiment with an identical paper, but with a smaller surface density (60 g / m), failed during the roll-up of the felt as the paper was torn in several places.
5 Endelig har studier, der er blevet gennemført med . forskellige materialer som dæklag, vist, at en nødvendig betingelse for god funktion af opfindelsen er, at brudstyrken af laget skal være større end en vis grænse, nemlig 300 kPa. På helt igennem overraskende måde har det vist sig, at 10 denne grænse ikke var afhængig af filtens egenskaber. Fra en crepningsgrad på over 4, uanset tykkelsen eller massefylden af filten, er det muligt at gennemføre store krumninger helt op til oprulning på sig selv, forudsat at dæklaget er placeret på den konvekse side, og at det har en 15 brudstyrke på over 300 kPa.5 Finally, studies that have been conducted with. various materials such as cover layers, shown that a necessary condition for good functioning of the invention is that the breaking strength of the layer must be greater than a certain limit, namely 300 kPa. Surprisingly, it has been found that this limit did not depend on the properties of the felt. From a creeping degree greater than 4, regardless of the thickness or density of the felt, it is possible to perform large curves all the way up to the roll-up on itself, provided that the cover layer is located on the convex side and has a breaking strength of over 300 kPa. .
Brudstyrken er en karakteristisk størrelse for stabiliteten af tynde film, der er indrettet til emballage.The breaking strength is a characteristic size for the stability of thin films designed for packaging.
Målingen er udført i henhold til normen DIN 53 113 (juni 1990).The measurement was carried out in accordance with the standard DIN 53 113 (June 1990).
20 De eneste konstaterede begrænsninger var de store tykkelser af filterne, der opstod som følge af store massefylder. Resultaterne bliver mindre sikre, når f.eks. en filt på 60 kg/m har en tykkelse på 120 mm. Det er således stadigvæk muligt at påføre filten en krumning, hvor 25 filten er indrettet til at isolere en krum understøtning, men oprulning af filten på sig selv, hvor der ikke efterlades andre tomrum end midten af rullen, er umulig. Det er r konstateret, at så længe produktets massefylde multipliceret med tykkelsen forbliver inden for visse grænser, 30 er oprulningen stadigvæk mulig. Hvis massefylden i kg/m3 multipliceret med tykkelsen i meter (dvs. overfladetæt-heden) forbliver på under 2 kg/m , kan det stadigvæk lade sig gøre at rulle produktet ifølge opfindelsen op på sig selv, selv med en crepningsgrad på over 4.20 The only limitations found were the large thicknesses of the filters that arose due to large bulk densities. The results become less certain when, for example, a blanket of 60 kg / m has a thickness of 120 mm. Thus, it is still possible to apply a blanket to the felt where the blanket is arranged to insulate a curved support, but reeling the felt on itself, leaving no void other than the center of the roll, is impossible. It has been found that as long as the density of the product multiplied by the thickness remains within certain limits, the reeling is still possible. If the density in kg / m3 multiplied by the thickness in meters (ie the surface density) remains below 2 kg / m, it can still be possible to roll the product according to the invention on itself, even with a creeping degree of more than 4.
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BE9400954 | 1994-10-21 | ||
BE9400954A BE1008789A3 (en) | 1994-10-21 | 1994-10-21 | FELT MATERIAL FIBER GUIDANCE RANDOM bendable. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DK118095A DK118095A (en) | 1996-04-22 |
DK175937B1 true DK175937B1 (en) | 2005-07-25 |
Family
ID=3888429
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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DK199501180A DK175937B1 (en) | 1994-10-21 | 1995-10-19 | Flexible felt of fiber material with random fiber orientation |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
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AT (1) | AT404366B (en) |
BE (1) | BE1008789A3 (en) |
CH (1) | CH691601A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE29516472U1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK175937B1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2130889B1 (en) |
FI (1) | FI111614B (en) |
FR (1) | FR2726012B3 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2294236B (en) |
IE (1) | IE950818A1 (en) |
IT (1) | IT1276964B1 (en) |
NL (1) | NL1001397C1 (en) |
SE (1) | SE507090C2 (en) |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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FR2150611A1 (en) * | 1971-08-31 | 1973-04-13 | Lalanne Rene | Insulation panels - made by combining continuous lengths of perforated and unperforated rigid wools |
BE789716A (en) * | 1971-10-05 | 1973-02-01 | Rockwool As | INSULATION PANELS AND THEIR MANUFACTURING |
GB1414596A (en) * | 1973-02-27 | 1975-11-19 | Johns Manville | Two-level production line assembly with mechanism for inverting the product transported on the upper level |
US4016234A (en) * | 1974-05-20 | 1977-04-05 | United States Gypsum Company | Paper-backed acoustical tile |
DE3229601C2 (en) * | 1982-08-09 | 1984-12-06 | Grünzweig + Hartmann und Glasfaser AG, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Insulating material web, consisting of an insulating material layer, in particular of mineral fiber felt, and a glued-on lamination web, as well as a process for its production and a process for its installation |
FR2548695B1 (en) * | 1983-07-07 | 1986-06-20 | Saint Gobain Isover | FORMATION OF FELTS WITH ISOTROPIC STRUCTURE |
FI83359C (en) * | 1989-04-26 | 1991-06-25 | Ahlstroem Eristeet Oy | Process for making a ceiling board |
CA2032229C (en) * | 1989-12-19 | 2001-10-16 | Paolo Baracchini | Thermal insulating mat made of radom oriented mineral fibres |
-
1994
- 1994-10-21 BE BE9400954A patent/BE1008789A3/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1995
- 1995-10-05 SE SE9503456A patent/SE507090C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-10-05 FR FR9511712A patent/FR2726012B3/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-10-11 NL NL1001397A patent/NL1001397C1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-10-12 AT AT0169095A patent/AT404366B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-10-16 CH CH02929/95A patent/CH691601A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-10-17 GB GB9521262A patent/GB2294236B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-10-17 DE DE29516472U patent/DE29516472U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-10-18 IE IE950818A patent/IE950818A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-10-19 ES ES009502030A patent/ES2130889B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-10-19 IT IT95MI002153A patent/IT1276964B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-10-19 DK DK199501180A patent/DK175937B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-10-20 FI FI955019A patent/FI111614B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IT1276964B1 (en) | 1997-11-03 |
GB2294236B (en) | 1997-12-10 |
GB2294236A (en) | 1996-04-24 |
DK118095A (en) | 1996-04-22 |
AT404366B (en) | 1998-11-25 |
SE507090C2 (en) | 1998-03-30 |
ATA169095A (en) | 1998-03-15 |
NL1001397C1 (en) | 1996-04-22 |
ES2130889A1 (en) | 1999-07-01 |
ITMI952153A0 (en) | 1995-10-19 |
FR2726012A1 (en) | 1996-04-26 |
FR2726012B3 (en) | 1997-01-10 |
SE9503456D0 (en) | 1995-10-05 |
ITMI952153A1 (en) | 1997-04-19 |
IE950818A1 (en) | 1996-05-01 |
FI955019A0 (en) | 1995-10-20 |
SE9503456L (en) | 1996-04-22 |
FI111614B (en) | 2003-08-29 |
DE29516472U1 (en) | 1996-01-04 |
GB9521262D0 (en) | 1995-12-20 |
FI955019A (en) | 1996-04-22 |
CH691601A5 (en) | 2001-08-31 |
ES2130889B1 (en) | 2000-02-16 |
BE1008789A3 (en) | 1996-08-06 |
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