DK166737B1 - Modular roof-covering element - Google Patents

Modular roof-covering element Download PDF

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Publication number
DK166737B1
DK166737B1 DK006591A DK6591A DK166737B1 DK 166737 B1 DK166737 B1 DK 166737B1 DK 006591 A DK006591 A DK 006591A DK 6591 A DK6591 A DK 6591A DK 166737 B1 DK166737 B1 DK 166737B1
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DK
Denmark
Prior art keywords
bent
edge
element according
shape
roof
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DK006591A
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Danish (da)
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DK6591A (en
DK6591D0 (en
Inventor
Tobia Scarpa
Afra Bianchin Scarpa
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Tobia Scarpa
Afra Bianchin Scarpa
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Application filed by Tobia Scarpa, Afra Bianchin Scarpa filed Critical Tobia Scarpa
Publication of DK6591D0 publication Critical patent/DK6591D0/en
Publication of DK6591A publication Critical patent/DK6591A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DK166737B1 publication Critical patent/DK166737B1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
    • E04D1/12—Roofing elements shaped as plain tiles or shingles, i.e. with flat outer surface
    • E04D1/18—Roofing elements shaped as plain tiles or shingles, i.e. with flat outer surface of metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
    • E04D1/29—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements
    • E04D1/2907—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements by interfitted sections
    • E04D1/2914—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements by interfitted sections having fastening means or anchors at juncture of adjacent roofing elements
    • E04D1/2918—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements by interfitted sections having fastening means or anchors at juncture of adjacent roofing elements the fastening means taking hold directly on adjacent elements of succeeding rows
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
    • E04D1/29—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements
    • E04D1/2907—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements by interfitted sections
    • E04D1/2942—Means for connecting or fastening adjacent roofing elements by interfitted sections having folded sections receiving interfitted part of adjacent section

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
  • Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal Substances (AREA)
  • Reverberation, Karaoke And Other Acoustics (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Seal Device For Vehicle (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Massaging Devices (AREA)
  • Measurement And Recording Of Electrical Phenomena And Electrical Characteristics Of The Living Body (AREA)

Abstract

A modular roofing element (1) consisting of a plate-like element of substantially rectangular shape in which one side edge (2) is bent frontwards to U-shape and is provided with a lower appendix (4) bent rearwards to U-shape, the other side edge (5) is bent rearwards to U-shape, and the upper transverse edge (7) is bent frontwards to U-shape.

Description

DK 166737 B1 iDK 166737 B1 i

Den foreliggende opfindelse angår et modulært tagbeklædningselement af den i indledningen til krav 1 angivne art.The present invention relates to a modular roof covering element of the kind specified in the preamble of claim 1.

Modulære elementer fremstillet af metalplade til 5 taglægning er velkendte. US patentskrift nr. 2 830 546 omhandler en modulær tagbeklædningsplade med en raktangulær facon og med den ene kant bøjet opad i en V-facon og forsynet med en forlængelse ved den ene ende, og den overfor liggende kant er bøjet nedad i en lignende V-facon, og den øvre, 10 tværgående kant er bøjet opad i en V-facon.Modular elements made of sheet metal for 5 roofing are well known. U.S. Patent No. 2,830,546 discloses a modular roof cladding plate having a rectangular shape and with one edge bent upwardly in a V shape and provided with an extension at one end, and the opposite edge being bent downwardly in a similar V-shape. shape, and the upper, 10 transverse edge is bent upwards in a V-shape.

Fra SE patentskrift nr. 18 897 kendes endvidere et tagelement, hvis sidekanter begge er foldet opad, så de danner et U, og indrettet til at kunne indgribe over eller under tilsvarende sidekanter på tagelementer af samme art 15 placeret ved siden af samt over og under tagelementet. Dette tagelement har ved midten af sin øvre, tværgående kant en flig, som er ombøjet U-formet opad, og ved midten af sin nedre, tværgående kant en flig, som er ombøjet U-formet nedad, idet hver af disse flige ved lægning af et tag er 20 beregnet til fastholdende tagelementet at skulle omslutte en til tagunderkonstruktionen fastgjort strimmel.SE patent specification No. 18 897 also discloses a roof element, the side edges of which are both folded upwards to form a U, and arranged to be able to engage above or below corresponding side edges of roof elements of the same species 15 located adjacent to and above and below roof element. This roof element has a tab which is bent U-shaped upwards at the middle of its upper transverse edge and at the middle of its lower transverse edge a tab which is bent U-shaped downwards, each of these tabs being laid by a roof is provided for the retaining roof member to enclose a strip attached to the roof substructure.

Opfindelsens formål er at tilvejebringe .et modulært tagelement af den i indledningen til krav 1 angivne' art, som er yderst let at montere, som giver det opbyggede tag 25 en stor stabilitet, som frembyder en praktisk talt total tæthed mod vand, vind og andre atmosfæriske forhold, som tillader det lagte tag at tilpasse sig varmeudvidelse og -kontraktion af de enkelte elementer samt muliggør opnåelse af en effektiv naturlig tagventilation, og som giver det 30 lagte tag et tiltalende udseende, idet tagelementerne enten kan lægges i forlængelse af hinanden eller forsatte for hinanden i et skælmønster.The object of the invention is to provide a modular roof element of the kind specified in the preamble of claim 1 which is extremely easy to assemble, which gives the built-up roof 25 a high stability which provides a practically total density against water, wind and other atmospheric conditions which allow the laid roof to adapt to the thermal expansion and contraction of the individual elements as well as enabling an effective natural roof ventilation, and which gives the 30 laid roof an appealing appearance, the roof elements being either continuous or contiguous for each other in a squint pattern.

Dette opnås ifølge opfindelsen ved, at tagelementet er udformet som angivet i den kendetegnende del af krav 1.This is achieved according to the invention in that the roof element is designed as defined in the characterizing part of claim 1.

35 Foretrukne udførelsesformer for og træk hos tagelemen tet ifølge opfindelsen er angivet i de uselvstændige krav.Preferred embodiments and features of the roof element of the invention are set forth in the dependent claims.

2 DK 166737 Bl2 DK 166737 Bl

Opfindelsen skal i det følgende beskrives nærmere, idet der henvises til tegningen, på hvilken fig. 1 viser en brudt perspektivgengivelse af et modulært element ifølge opfindelsen, 5 fig. 2 en plangengivelse af dette, -r ·?; fig. 3 en perspektivgengivelse af et tagparti opnået ved anvendelse af elementerne ifølge opfindelsen, fig. 4 en detaljeret gengivelse af forbindelsen mellem tilgrænsende elementer i vandret snit langs linien IV-IV i 10 fig. 3, fig. 5 en detaljeret gengivelse af forbindelsen mellem tilgrænsende elementer i lodret snit langs linien V-V i fig. 3, fig. 6 en detaljeret tværsnitsgengivelse visende 15 indgrebet mellem to vandrette elementbånd ved rygningen af et dobbeltskrånende tag i en første udførelsesform, og fig. 7 den samme detaljerede gengivelse som i fig. 6 men i en anden udførelsesform.The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the drawing, in which: FIG. 1 is a broken perspective view of a modular element according to the invention; FIG. 2 is a plan view of this, -r · ?; FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a roof portion obtained using the elements of the invention; FIG. 4 is a detailed view of the connection between adjacent elements in horizontal section along the line IV-IV in FIG. 3, FIG. 5 is a detailed view of the connection of adjacent elements in vertical section along the line V-V in FIG. 3, FIG. 6 is a detailed cross-sectional view showing the engagement of two horizontal element bands in the smoking of a double-sloping roof in a first embodiment; and FIG. 7 shows the same detailed representation as in FIG. 6 but in another embodiment.

Som det kan ses af tegningen, består det modulære 20 element ifølge opfindelsen, der overalt er angivet ved 1, af en pladedel af elektrolytisk behandlet normalt eller rustfrit stål, kobber, farvet eller ufarvet aluminium eller et andet metal forudmalet eller forbehandlet til den specielle anvendelse.As can be seen from the drawing, the modular element of the invention, which is indicated everywhere at 1, consists of a plate portion of electrolytically treated ordinary or stainless steel, copper, colored or uncoloured aluminum or another metal pre-painted or pre-treated for the particular application. .

25 Elementet 1 er generelt af rektangulær facon, af hvilken - den højre kant 2 (med henvisning til fig. 2) er bøjet fremad til U-facon, dvs. i retning mod den ydre overflade af elementet 1, og ved sin øvre ende omfatter et gennem-30 gående hul 3. Den nedre del af den ydre flange af denne sidekant 2 er fjernet, mens den indre flange er bøjet bagud til U-facon til dannelse af en indkrogningsforlæn-gelse 4. Fremadbøjningen af den højre kant 2 forudgås af dens bøjning i to modsatte retninger, så at de to flanger 35 af denne kant 2 ligger symmetrisk omkring hovedplanet for elementet l.The element 1 is generally of rectangular shape, of which - the right edge 2 (with reference to Fig. 2) is bent forward to the U-shape, ie. in the direction towards the outer surface of the element 1, and at its upper end comprises a through hole 3. The lower part of the outer flange of this side edge 2 is removed, while the inner flange is bent backwards to the U-shape to forming a hook-in extension 4. The forward bending of the right edge 2 is preceded by its bending in two opposite directions such that the two flanges 35 of this edge 2 lie symmetrically about the main plane of the element 1.

3 DK 166737 B1 . - den venstre sidekant 5 er bøjet bagud til U-facon og er forsynet med et hul 6 svarende til hullet--3 i den højre sidekant, - den øvre, tværgående kant 7 er bøjet fremad til U-facon, 5 selv om det ikke er strengt nødvendigt at tilvejebringe ,,eii kontinuerlig bøjning langs den øvre kant 7, er det at foretrække, fordi det, som det vil fremgå af‘det følgende, sikrer en god tætning imod vand og imod vindkraften og ligeledes giver større frihed til indbyrdes placering af 10 de forskellige elementer. Imidlertid indbefatter bøjningen af kanten 7 ikke den højre sidekant 2 eller den ydre flange af den venstre sidekant 5, - den nedre kant 8 har sine ender let afrundede og er givet en lille bagudbøjning. Som det vil fremgå af det følgende, 15 er denne lille bøjning tilvejebragt både af æstetiske grunde og af funktionelle grunde, idet den bidrager til vand- og vindtætningen.3 DK 166737 B1. - the left side edge 5 is bent backward to the U-shape and is provided with a hole 6 corresponding to the hole - 3 in the right side edge - the upper, transverse edge 7 is bent forward to the U-shape, 5 even though it is not is strictly necessary to provide a continuous bend along the upper edge 7, it is preferable because, as will be apparent from the following, it ensures a good seal against water and against the wind power and also gives greater freedom for mutual placement. of 10 the various elements. However, the bending of the edge 7 does not include the right side edge 2 or the outer flange of the left side edge 5, the lower edge 8 having its ends slightly rounded and given a slight backward bend. As will be seen from the following, this slight bend is provided for both aesthetic and functional reasons, contributing to water and wind sealing.

Elementet ifølge opfindelsen er udført af en metalpladestrimmel, fra hvilken en del svarende til det udfoldede 20 element er udstanset uden de dele, som ikke foreligger i det færdige element, dvs. den nedre del af den ydre flange af den venstre kant 2 og enderne af den nedre kant 8.The element according to the invention is made of a metal sheet strip, from which a part corresponding to the unfolded element is stamped without the parts not present in the finished element, ie. the lower part of the outer flange of the left edge 2 and the ends of the lower edge 8.

Det udstansede stykke underkastes så konventionelle bøjningsoperationer for at fremstille elementet 1. Dette 25 kan så blive overfladebehandlet, hvis den oprindelige metalplade ikke var blevet underkastet en sådan behandling.The punched piece is then subjected to conventional bending operations to produce the element 1. This may then be surface treated if the original metal plate had not been subjected to such treatment.

Til monteringsformål kræves et understøtningstremmeværk fordelagtigt af træ eller eventuelt af metal og omfattende et antal langsgående elementer 9 anbragt parallelt 30 med hinanden med en indbyrdes afstand i det væsentlige lig med afstanden mellem de linier i elementet 1, omkring hvilke den øvre kant 7 og den nedre kant 8 er bøjede.For mounting purposes, a support or wood advantageously made of metal and comprising a plurality of longitudinal members 9 arranged parallel to one another with a spacing substantially equal to the distance between the lines of the element 1 about which the upper edge 7 and the lower edge are required is required. edge 8 is bent.

Det nedre, venstre tagbeklædningselement pålægges så på dette tremmeværk og fastgøres til det tilsvarende langs-35 gående element 9 med skruer skruede gennem hullerne 3 og 6, der er tilvejebragt i de to sidekanter 2 og 5. Det vandret DK 166737 B1 4 * tilgrænsende element monteres derpå til dette element, så at dets bagudbøjede venstre sidekant 5 indgriber i den frem-adbøjede højre sidekant af det allerede monterede element, og fastgøres så til det samme langsgående element 9 med 5 yderligere skruer gennem hullerne 3 og 6. Når den vandrette række af elementer er fuldført, påbegyndes den overliggende række. Det første element pålægges i taglagt anbringelse mellem de to tilgrænsende elementer 1, der er anbragt ved den venstre ende af den nedre række, så at indkrognings-10 forlængelsen 4 af den højre kant 2 af det nye element indgriber i den fremadbøjede øvre, tværgående kant 7 af et af disse elementer i den første række. Denne procedure gentages så for det tilgrænsende element, indtil den anden række er fuldført, hvorefter en tredie række pålægges og så fremdeles, 15 indtil denne tagskråning er fuldført.The lower, left roof cladding element is then applied to this truss and attached to the corresponding longitudinal member 9 with screws screwed through holes 3 and 6 provided in the two side edges 2 and 5. The horizontal member is then mounted to this element so that its rearward-bending left side edge 5 engages the forward-bending right side edge of the already mounted element, and is then secured to the same longitudinal element 9 with 5 additional screws through holes 3 and 6. When the horizontal row of elements completed, the overlay row begins. The first element is laid in a roofed position between the two adjacent elements 1, which are located at the left end of the lower row, so that the projection extension 4 of the right edge 2 of the new element engages in the forward bent upper transverse edge. 7 of one of these elements in the first row. This procedure is then repeated for the adjoining element until the second row is completed, after which a third row is applied and then still 15 until this roof slope is completed.

Hvis taget har to skråninger, forbindes de to øverste rækker af elementer 1 med hinanden med tagrygselementer 10 og li, som indgriber i de to bøjede øvre kanter 7 af elementerne i disse to rækker, idet tagrygselementerne 10 og 11 20 så forbindes med hinanden enten direkte (se' fig. 6) eller med elementer 12 med U-tværsnit (se fig. 7).If the roof has two slopes, the two upper rows of elements 1 are connected to each other by roof ridge elements 10 and 1, which engage the two bent upper edges 7 of the elements of these two rows, the roof ridge elements 10 and 11 20 being then directly connected to each other (see Fig. 6) or with elements 12 of U-section (see Fig. 7).

Fra det foregående er det klart, at de modulære elementer ifølge opfindelsen er yderst fordelagtige, idet: - de er yderst lette at montere, 25 - de muliggør opbygning af tage med stor mekanisk stabili tet, - de frembyder en fremragende tætning imod vand og vind, - de har et resulterende tiltalende udseende, - de gør taget praktisk talt ufølsomt overfor varmeudvidelse 30 ved fuldstændig at absorbere denne, - de muliggør opbygning af tage med fremragende naturlig ventilation.From the foregoing, it is clear that the modular elements of the invention are extremely advantageous in that: - they are extremely easy to assemble, 25 - they enable the construction of roofs with great mechanical stability, - they provide excellent water and wind resistance. - they have a resulting pleasing appearance - they make the roof virtually insensitive to heat expansion 30 by completely absorbing it, - they enable the construction of roofs with excellent natural ventilation.

Claims (9)

1. Modulært tagbeklædningselement med en' plan, i det væsentlige rektangulær facon, hvor den ene sidekant (2) er bøjet opad i en U-facon og er forsynet med en forlængelse 5 (4) ved den ene ende, den overfor liggende kant (5) er bøjet nedad· i en lignende U-facon, og den øvre, tværgående kant er bøjet opad i en U-facon, kendetegnet ved, at - begge flanger af hver U-bøjet sidekant (2,5) i hele deres længde er i det væsentlige parallelle med planet for tagele-10 mentet, - hver sidekant (2,5) er forsynet med mindst ét hul (3,6), gennem hvilket et element kan føres for samtidig at fastgøre to tilgrænsende tagelementer til et underliggende understøtningsværk (9), og 15. nævnte forlængelse (4) er bøjet nedad i u-facon og placeret ved den nedre ende af den ene sidekant (2), så at den kan indgribe med bøjningen af den øvre, tværgående kant (7) på et underliggende tagbeklædningselement.A modular roof cladding element having a planar, substantially rectangular shape, with one side edge (2) bent upwards in a U-shape and provided with an extension 5 (4) at one end, the opposite edge ( 5) is bent downwards · in a similar U-shape, and the upper transverse edge is bent upwards in a U-shape, characterized in that - both flanges of each U-bent side edge (2,5) throughout their length are substantially parallel to the plane of the roof element, - each side edge (2.5) is provided with at least one hole (3,6) through which an element can be passed to simultaneously attach two adjacent roof elements to an underlying support work (9) and 15. said extension (4) is bent downwards in u-shape and located at the lower end of one side edge (2) so that it can engage with the bend of the upper transverse edge (7) of an underlying roof covering element. 2. Element ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at 20 ét hul (3,6) er tilvejebragt i en tilsvarende forlængelse, som strækker sig fra hver sidekant (2,5) forbi den bøjede, tværgående kant (7).Element according to claim 1, characterized in that 20 one hole (3,6) is provided in a corresponding extension extending from each side edge (2,5) past the bent transverse edge (7). 3. Element ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at den nedre, tværgående kant er bøjet lidt nedad.3. An element according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower transverse edge is bent slightly downwards. 4. Element ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at det i nærheden af den opadbøjede sidekant (2) omfatter to bøjninger i modsatte retninger, så at de to flanger af den bøjede kant (2) bliver anbragt symmetrisk omkring elementets hovedplan.Element according to claim 1, characterized in that in the vicinity of the upwardly bent side edge (2) it comprises two bends in opposite directions, so that the two flanges of the bent edge (2) are arranged symmetrically around the main plane of the element. 5. Element ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at det er af metalpladeudførelse.Element according to claim 1, characterized in that it is of metal plate design. 6. Element ifølge krav 5, kendetegnet ved, at det er af kobberudførelse.Element according to claim 5, characterized in that it is of copper design. 7. Element ifølge krav 5, kendetegnet ved, at 35 det er af aluminiumudførelse.Element according to claim 5, characterized in that it is of aluminum construction. 8. Element ifølge krav 7, kendetegnet ved, at 6 DK 166737 B1 det er af farvet aluminiumudførelse.Element according to claim 7, characterized in that it is of colored aluminum construction. 9. Element ifølge krav 1, kendete g-n e t ved, at det er af forudmalet metalpladeudførelse. 5 10 15 20 25 30 359. An element according to claim 1, characterized in that it is of pre-painted metal plate design. 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
DK006591A 1988-07-15 1991-01-14 Modular roof-covering element DK166737B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT6194288 1988-07-15
IT8861942U IT216175Z2 (en) 1988-07-15 1988-07-15 MODULAR ELEMENT FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROOFS.
PCT/EP1989/000513 WO1990000654A1 (en) 1988-07-15 1989-05-10 Modular roofing element
EP8900513 1989-05-10

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
DK6591D0 DK6591D0 (en) 1991-01-14
DK6591A DK6591A (en) 1991-02-26
DK166737B1 true DK166737B1 (en) 1993-07-05

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ID=11292918

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DK006591A DK166737B1 (en) 1988-07-15 1991-01-14 Modular roof-covering element

Country Status (15)

Country Link
EP (2) EP0350587B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0776475B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE75799T1 (en)
AU (1) AU3545089A (en)
CA (1) CA1314680C (en)
DE (1) DE68901420D1 (en)
DK (1) DK166737B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2031655T3 (en)
FI (1) FI92744C (en)
GR (1) GR3005077T3 (en)
IE (1) IE61648B1 (en)
IT (1) IT216175Z2 (en)
NO (1) NO174064C (en)
PT (2) PT91150A (en)
WO (1) WO1990000654A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19840795A1 (en) * 1998-09-08 2000-03-09 Km Europa Metal Ag Cover for roofs or facades
WO2006005339A1 (en) * 2004-07-08 2006-01-19 Decra A/S A tile which is to be used for covering surfaces
ITVE20050010A1 (en) * 2005-03-01 2006-09-02 Polinext S R L TILE
MX369647B (en) * 2015-02-04 2019-11-15 Building Mat Investment Corp Roofing panels.

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR509081A (en) * 1920-01-24 1920-10-30 Raymond Duguet Advanced tiles
DE879762C (en) * 1950-11-25 1953-06-15 Florian Meinzer Roof plate, preferably made of aluminum
US2882840A (en) * 1956-02-01 1959-04-21 George F Waske Shingle construction
US2830546A (en) * 1956-04-13 1958-04-15 Dondeville Proudcts Co Inc Shingle
DE1708975A1 (en) * 1966-07-13 1971-05-13 Gumersindo Novoa Martinez Roof plate

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FI92744C (en) 1994-12-27
IT8861942V0 (en) 1988-07-15
GR3005077T3 (en) 1993-05-24
DE68901420D1 (en) 1992-06-11
PT8108Y (en) 1992-10-30
EP0424401A1 (en) 1991-05-02
FI910162A0 (en) 1991-01-11
FI92744B (en) 1994-09-15
DK6591A (en) 1991-02-26
JPH0776475B2 (en) 1995-08-16
IE61648B1 (en) 1994-11-16
ES2031655T3 (en) 1992-12-16
NO174064B (en) 1993-11-29
EP0350587B1 (en) 1992-05-06
PT8108U (en) 1990-02-08
WO1990000654A1 (en) 1990-01-25
EP0350587A1 (en) 1990-01-17
DK6591D0 (en) 1991-01-14
NO910114D0 (en) 1991-01-10
ATE75799T1 (en) 1992-05-15
JPH03506055A (en) 1991-12-26
IT216175Z2 (en) 1991-05-09
PT91150A (en) 1990-02-08
NO174064C (en) 1994-03-09
CA1314680C (en) 1993-03-23
IE891890L (en) 1990-01-15
NO910114L (en) 1991-01-10
AU3545089A (en) 1990-02-05

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