DK165659B - Ladeapparat for en batteridrevet kirurgisk maskine - Google Patents
Ladeapparat for en batteridrevet kirurgisk maskine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DK165659B DK165659B DK343484A DK343484A DK165659B DK 165659 B DK165659 B DK 165659B DK 343484 A DK343484 A DK 343484A DK 343484 A DK343484 A DK 343484A DK 165659 B DK165659 B DK 165659B
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- DK
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- Prior art keywords
- battery
- discharge
- charge
- housing
- predetermined
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
- H02J7/0049—Detection of fully charged condition
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S320/00—Electricity: battery or capacitor charging or discharging
- Y10S320/18—Indicator or display
- Y10S320/19—Charger status, e.g. voltmeter
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Bakery Products And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
- Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
- Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Description
i
DK 165659B
Den foreliggende opfindelse angår et ladeapparat for en batteridrevet kirurgisk maskine, af den i indledningen til krav 1 angivne art.
5 Ledeapparater af en sådan art er kendte, se USA patentskrift nr. 4 288 733. Batteridelen, bestående af f.eks. flere nikkel-cadmium-celler, er let demonterbare fra apparatet f.eks. i form af en komponent i håndtaget. Batteriet driver en elektromotor, som igen driver et bor, en 10 fræser eller et slibeværktøj etc. Efter en vis driftsperiode kræver batteriet en genopladning. Batteridelen fjernes fra maskinens eller apparatets hus og forbindes med et ladeaggregat.
15 Til kirurgisk anvendelse skal batteridelen fungere pålideligt. Der må være en sikkerhed for, at batteridelen ikke bliver udtømt under en operation. Det er klart, at den kirurgiske operation ikke må kunne afbrydes på grund af genopladning for derefter at genoptages. Man kan na-20 turligvis råde over reservebatterier, men selv i så tilfælde er der en fare for, at de er utilstrækkeligt opladet, med mindre særlige forholdsregler tages.
Især nikkelcadmiumceller har tilbøjelighed til at blive 25 udtømt hurtigt, hvis de efter gentagne opladninger ikke har været afladet til under en kritisk værdi.
Fra US-A-4 342 954 kendes en nikkelcadmiumakkumulator, idet efterfølgende kaldet NC-Akku, der først aflades til 30 en forud bestemt spændingsværdi og derefter oplades.
Ifølge denne publikation udnyttes den almindelige erkendelse, at NC-Akku'er ved flere delopladninger - på grund af den såkaldte " hukommelseseffekt" - kun kan føde en del af den samlede kapacitet, idet der henvises til fagtids-35 skriftet IEEE-Spektrum fra september 1976, sider 33-36.
Da det yderligere er kendt, at en gennemsnitlig afladningstilstand over cellespændingen kun vanskeligt kan op-
DK 165659B
2 fattes, kan man af patentskriftet drage den lære først at aflade NC-Akku'en til en forud bestemt nedre spændingsværdi for derefter at oplade i et begrænset tidsrum, hvorved man undgår faren for overopladning, som er særlig 5 aktuel for den spændingsafhængige opladning af NC- j
Akku'er. j
Ved et sådant kontinuerligt tidsafhængigt ladende ladeapparat forhindres på den ene side ganske vist en overop-10 ladning, men på den anden side er det umuligt at sikre en tilstandskontrol for akkumulatorer, som er særlig vigtig inden for kirurgien- En eventuelt forekommende defekt af akkumulatoren lader sig altså ikke påvise ved den kendte teknik ved afslutningen af den tidsbegrænsede ladeproces.
15
Den foreliggende opfindelse har derfor til formål at tilvejebringe et ladeapparat for en batteridrevet kirurgisk maskine for at sikre, at de opladede batterier eller celler, især nikkelcadmiumceller, vil fungere pålideligt.
20
Dette formål opnås ifølge den foreliggende opfindelse ved, at udforme apparatet som angivet i den kendetegnende del af krav 1.
25 I den ene stilling af omskifteren vil strømkredsløbet i batteriet være beregnet til et maksimalt potential uanset udgangspotentialet, hvorfra ladningen gennemføres. Denne tilstand vil normalt kun blive valgt i særlige tilfælde, hvor det er vigtigt at genoplade batteriet så hurtigt som 30 muligt. I andre tilfælde bliver batteriet derimod først afladet til et forud valgt lavt potential, f.eks. 25% af den nominelle værdi eller til et potentiale svarende til ca. 25% af batteriets fastlagte kapacitet. Derefter bliver batteriet automatisk opladet til en forud bestemt 35 maksimal værdi, f.eks. et potential svarende til 75% af den angivne kapacitet. Dette sikrer, at der ikke sker nogen for tidlig udtømning som resultat af gentagne ladnin- 3 ger og utilstrækkelige afladninger af batteriet.
Ifølge opfindelsen er der angivet en tredje position af vælgeromskifteren, hvorved strømforsyningskredsløbet 5 først aflader batteriet til et forud bestemt lavere potential, derefter oplader det til et forud bestemt øvre niveau, derpå aflader det igen til et forud bestemt lavere potential, og til slut genoplader det til et forud bestemt øvre potential, sammenligner det aktuelle potential 10 med det krævede potential efter forud bestemte tidsintervaller under den anden afladning og genopladning ved hjælp af strømkredsløbet, samt signalerer en indikation, hvis den sammenlignede værdi opnår en vis forud bestemt størrelse.
15 På denne måde bliver ladningsoperationen knyttet sammen med en testfase på den samme tid. Uden en første afladning og genopladning vil en sammenligning mellem de aktuelle og krævede værdier under de flere trin af afladning 20 og genopladning ikke være informativ. Af denne grund skal der være først en afladning og en genopladning, før selve testprogrammet, som sidestiller det pågældende opladningsprogram, bliver udført. Således vil den første afladning og genopladning forberede batteriet og bringe det 25 til en forud bestemt ladningstilstand, f.eks. svarende til 75% af kapaciteten. Derefter bliver efter bestemte tidsintervaller ladningspotentialet sammenlignet med en forud bestemt standard. Hvis den sammenlignede værdi er for stor, angives en defekt, sædvanligvis som følge af 30 batteriets indre tilstand.
For at tilvejebringe et overblik over de forskellige driftsbetingelser for ladeaggregatet ifølge opfindelsen er der ifølge en særlig udførelsesform foreslået at angi-35 ve et diagram over kurven for afladning og opladning på apparatets hus med en serie lysdioder under diagrammet, hver repræsenterende et særligt segment af kurven. Blink-
DK 165659B
4 ningen af disse dioder kan f.eks. angive tilstanden for ladning eller afladning af ladeaggregatet i det givne øjeblik.
5 Alle genopladelige batterier har den egenskab, at de aflades selv når de ikke er under belastning. Derfor foreslås ifølge endnu en udførelsesform for opfindelsen, at der efter afslutning af ladning udvikles, i strømforsyningskredsløbet, en reststrøm lig med den spontane aflad-10 ningsstrøm af batteriet.
Apparatet ifølge opfindelsen skal i det efterfølgende illustreres nærmere med henvisning til tegningen, hvor 15 fig. 1 viser et ladeaggregat ifølge opfindelsen i et skematisk perspektiv, og fig. 2 viser et skematisk program for ladeaggregatet ifølge fig. 1.
20
De viste enkeltheder har alle alene eller i kombination betydning for opfindelsen.
I fig. 1 ses ladeaggregatet 10 med et hus 11 med to for-25 dybninger 12, 13 i et skråtstillet panel, hvori kan indføres en batteridel 14 af en ikke vist kirurgisk maskine eller et apparat. Batteridelen 14 kan f.eks. være indsat i fordybningerne 12, 13 ved hjælp af en svalehale-forbindelse. Den omfatter en ikke vist stikprop, der kan indfø-30 res i en tilsvarende stikkontakt 15.
I huset findes en afbryder eller tilslutningskontakt 16 for at tilslutte ladeaggregatet 10 til strømforsyningen. Endvidere findes to programpaneler 17, 18, der hver har 35 en vippeafbryder 19, 20. Fig 2 viser programpanelet 18 med flere detaljer.
DK 165659 B
5 I panelet 18 er anbragt seksten lysemitterende dioder 21.
De første otte dioder hører til et første område 22 og de andre otte til et andet område 23. I området 22 er vist en kurve med en lige nedadgående gren 24 og en opadgående 5 gren 25. På tilsvarende måde er vist en nedadgående gren 26 og en opadgående gren 27 i området 23. Grenene 25, 26 ender i et fælles maksimum 28, placeret ved de øvre ender af grene 24, 27. Grenene 24 og 25 har et fælles minimum 29, og grenene 26, 27 et fælles minimum 30. De to minima 10 29, 30 er beliggende i samme højde og svarer til en mini mal afladningstilstand, f.eks. af en nikkelcadmiumcelle, på f.eks. 25% af den maksimale kapacitet. Maksimet 28 svarer til en maksimal opladningstilstand for nikkelcad-miumcellen, f.eks. på 75% af den nominelle kapacitet.
15
Ved siden af området 23 til højre findes yderligere et areal 31 med en lysemitterende diode 32 og en lysemitterende diode 33.
20 I det efterfølgende skal beskrives opladningsdriften for batteridelen 14, som er indført i recessen 13, for de tre forskellige positioner af vippeomskifteren 20.
1. Omskifter 20 i stilling til højre 25
Batteridelen 14 oplades uafhængigt af den grad, hvortil den er afladet. Det ikke viste strømforsyningskredsløb begynder straks at oplade, en føleranordning knyttet til opladningskredsløbet det aktuelle og krævede potential 30 for batteridelen 14 og angiver ved hjælp af den tilknyttede diode 21 i hvilken ladningstilstand batteridelen findes. Når maksimet er opnået, afbrydes ladetilstanden for strømforsyningskredsløbet, og ladestrømmen reduceres, f.eks. fra 2 ampere til 1/100 deraf for at holde batteri-35 delen på maksimale afladningsbetingelser indtil anvendelsen.
DK 165659 B
6 2. Omskifteren 20 i midterstilling I denne tilstand begynder "programmet " ligeledes i arealet 23 til højre, men nikkelcadmiumcellerne bliver først 5 afladet til et minimum på 30. Afladningen kan begynde hvor som helst mellem maksimumværdien 28 og minimumværdien 30, i afhængighed af afladningstilstanden for cellerne. Afladningen finder ligeledes sted ved f.eks. 2 ampere. Når dette minimum er nået, bliver strømforsynings-10 kredsløbet automatisk omskiftet til opladning af batteridelen, indtil denne har nået sin maksimale værdi.
I denne driftstilstand af ladeaggregatet kan det ikke påvises, hvorvidt cellerne stadig fungerer tilfredsstillen-15 de. For at man selv i denne tilstand kan være på den sikre side kan en fejlfunktion af laderen påvises, især ved måling af tiderne for afladning og opladning. Hvis f.eks. ladningen tager længere tid end 60 minutter, eller hvis afladningen varer længere end 45 minutter, vil dio-20 den 32 blinke for at afsløre en fejl i ladeaggregatet.
3. Omskifteren 20 i stilling til venstre I denne driftstilstand af laderen er ladningsprocessen 25 knyttet til prøveprogrammet. Først bliver cellen afladet, idet afladningen begynder som ovenfor beskrevet et sted mellem maksimum og minimum af grenen 24. Når dette minimum 29 er nået, vil strømforsyningskredsløbet automatisk starte ladning af batteriet til et maksimum 28. De første 30 otte dioder 21 angiver, at hvert trin ved denne proces er nået. Når maksimet 28 er nået, begynder en genafladning af batteridelen 14 ned til minimet 30. Under denne afladning, fire tidsintervaller i det foreliggende tilfælde, udføres en sammenligning mellem det aktuelle ladningspo-35 tential og en standard. Hvis værdierne, der skal sammenlignes, afviger væsentligt fra hinanden, angives dette ved dioden 32, som f.eks. kan være rød. Når minimet 30 er
DK 165659B
7 nået, sker en genopladning langs grenen 27, idet en sammenligning med de aktuelle og standardpotentialerne atter sker ved fire tidsmellemrum. Også i dette tilfælde angiver dioden 32, at sammenligningen har vist en forud be-5 stemt størrelse. Hvis prøven er bestået tilfredsstillende er man sikker på, at cellen vil fungere normalt for kapaciteten af denne. Efter prøvens afslutning og den samtidige ladningsproces kan den positive afslutning af opladningen angives ved hjælp af dioden 33, der f.eks. udsen-10 der grønt lys.
15 20 25 30 35
Claims (3)
1. Ladeapparat for en batteridrevet kirurgisk maskine, 5 omfattende et hus (11) med et sokkelafsnit for en batteridel (14) af maskinen, hvilket hus er udstyret med et strømforsyningskredsløb, der er forbundet i én driftsstilling til opladning af batteriet og i en anden driftsstilling til først at aflade batteriet til en forud be- 10 stemt lavere spænding og dernæst at oplade det, kendetegnet ved, at kredsløbet oplader batteriet (14) til en forud bestemt øvre spænding, og at det i en tredje driftsstilling atter aflader batteriet (14) ned til den forud bestemte lavere spænding og dernæst oplader det 15 igen til den forud bestemte øvre spænding, samt at kredsløbet under denne afladning og opladning sammenligner de faktiske spændingsniveauer med en grundspænding ved forud bestemte tidsintervaller og overfører et signal til en indikator (32) når resultatet af sammenligningen når en 20 forud bestemt værdi, og at en vælger-omskifter (19, 20) for driftsstillingerne er monteret i huset (11).
2. Ladeapparat ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at kurven for afladning og opladning er anbragt på huset, 25 og at en række lysdioder (21) er arrangeret under kurven, idet hver diode repræsenterer et bestemt afsnit af kurven.
3. Ladeapparat ifølge krav 1 og 2, kendetegnet 30 ved, at strømforsyningskredsløbet efter ladningens afslutning afgiver en reststrøm af samme størrelse som batteriets egen afladningsstrøm. 35
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3325282 | 1983-07-13 | ||
DE3325282A DE3325282C2 (de) | 1983-07-13 | 1983-07-13 | Verfahren zur Ladung eines Akkumulators |
Publications (4)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DK343484D0 DK343484D0 (da) | 1984-07-12 |
DK343484A DK343484A (da) | 1985-01-14 |
DK165659B true DK165659B (da) | 1992-12-28 |
DK165659C DK165659C (da) | 1993-05-17 |
Family
ID=6203884
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DK343484A DK165659C (da) | 1983-07-13 | 1984-07-12 | Ladeapparat for en batteridrevet kirurgisk maskine |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4698579A (da) |
EP (1) | EP0134410B1 (da) |
AT (1) | ATE41722T1 (da) |
CA (1) | CA1219904A (da) |
DE (2) | DE3325282C2 (da) |
DK (1) | DK165659C (da) |
ES (1) | ES8504409A1 (da) |
FI (1) | FI87500C (da) |
NO (1) | NO164209C (da) |
ZA (1) | ZA845337B (da) |
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Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3343060A (en) * | 1964-07-06 | 1967-09-19 | Introl Corp | Regulator circuit for battery chargers |
DE1513270A1 (de) * | 1965-04-23 | 1969-06-19 | Licentia Gmbh | Anordnung zum Formieren von Akkumulatoren |
US3445744A (en) * | 1968-02-23 | 1969-05-20 | Hughes Aircraft Co | Device for and the method of charging batteries |
FR2182731B3 (da) * | 1972-05-05 | 1975-08-01 | Elaul | |
US3919618A (en) * | 1974-06-10 | 1975-11-11 | Gates Rubber Co | Hysteresis battery charger |
US4342954A (en) * | 1979-10-01 | 1982-08-03 | Laser Products Corporation | Battery conditioning methods and apparatus |
FR2477282A1 (fr) * | 1980-02-29 | 1981-09-04 | Sncf | Dispositif de controle de la capacite de batteries d'accumulateurs |
DE3218367A1 (de) * | 1982-05-15 | 1983-11-17 | Kurt Dr. 4006 Erkrath Sauerwein | Verfahren und geraet zum laden von akkumulatoren |
-
1983
- 1983-07-13 DE DE3325282A patent/DE3325282C2/de not_active Expired
-
1984
- 1984-05-24 EP EP84105901A patent/EP0134410B1/de not_active Expired
- 1984-05-24 AT AT84105901T patent/ATE41722T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-05-24 DE DE8484105901T patent/DE3477451D1/de not_active Expired
- 1984-07-09 FI FI842745A patent/FI87500C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-07-11 ZA ZA845337A patent/ZA845337B/xx unknown
- 1984-07-11 ES ES534225A patent/ES8504409A1/es not_active Expired
- 1984-07-12 CA CA000458694A patent/CA1219904A/en not_active Expired
- 1984-07-12 DK DK343484A patent/DK165659C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-07-12 NO NO842864A patent/NO164209C/no unknown
-
1986
- 1986-07-18 US US06/888,103 patent/US4698579A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO164209B (no) | 1990-05-28 |
NO842864L (no) | 1985-01-14 |
ES534225A0 (es) | 1985-04-16 |
ES8504409A1 (es) | 1985-04-16 |
ZA845337B (en) | 1986-02-26 |
DK165659C (da) | 1993-05-17 |
NO164209C (no) | 1990-09-05 |
ATE41722T1 (de) | 1989-04-15 |
CA1219904A (en) | 1987-03-31 |
EP0134410B1 (de) | 1989-03-22 |
EP0134410A3 (en) | 1986-08-27 |
DE3325282C2 (de) | 1986-09-25 |
EP0134410A2 (de) | 1985-03-20 |
FI87500C (fi) | 1993-01-11 |
FI87500B (fi) | 1992-09-30 |
FI842745A0 (fi) | 1984-07-09 |
DE3325282A1 (de) | 1985-01-31 |
DK343484D0 (da) | 1984-07-12 |
DK343484A (da) | 1985-01-14 |
DE3477451D1 (en) | 1989-04-27 |
FI842745A (fi) | 1985-01-14 |
US4698579A (en) | 1987-10-06 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PBP | Patent lapsed |