DK163014B

DK163014B - BUILDING BLOCK

Info

Publication number: DK163014B
Application number: DK578584A
Authority: DK
Inventors: Matti Sundberg
Original assignee: Matti Sundberg
Priority date: 1984-01-17
Filing date: 1984-12-05
Publication date: 1992-01-06
Also published as: GB8500055D0; NO168493B; FI67739B; FI840163A0; DK163014C; DK578584D0; SE449885B; SE8406192L; GB2152966A; GB2152966B; FI67739C; NO844880L; DE3444805C2; NO168493C; DE3444805A1; DK578584A; SE8406192D0

Description

iin

DK 163014 BDK 163014 B

Opfindelsen vedrører en byggeblok med relativt tynde, parallelle sidevægge af beton og en gavlvæg, der forbinder sidevæggene, hvor blokkens ene gavl er åben, og hvor der parallelt med sidevæggene i hele blokkens 5 længde løber en varmeisolering af celleplast, således at der dannes hulrum mellem denne og væggene.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a building block with relatively thin, parallel concrete sidewalls and a gable wall connecting the sidewalls, where one of the blocks is open, and where a thermal insulation of cellular plastic is formed parallel to the sidewalls throughout the length of the block 5. this one and the walls.

Det er i forbindelse hermed kendt at benytte støbte betonkonstruktioner. I dette tilfælde er den an- ! vendte bræddebeklædning til betonformene tillige med ar-10 bejde og udrustning nærmest beregnet til engangsbrug. Bræddebeklædningsarbejdet er meget dyrt og tidkrævende og medfører ofte dyrt tømrerarbejde. Det anvendte tømmer og dettes behandling, specielt når bræddebeklædningen rives ned, forårsager meget rod og medfører en vis ulyk-15 kesrisiko på arbejdspladsen. Det er svært at udføre og placere varmeisoleringerne til betonkonstruktionerne på en sådan måde, at de til stadighed holdes på plads. Ved byggeri om vinteren er det besværligt at opvarme betonformene til støbetemperatur, og det kræver megen energi 20 og ekstraudstyr og kan derfor ofte, navnlig for en selvbygger, ikke betale sig.In this connection, it is known to use cast concrete structures. In this case, it is an-! turned board cover to the concrete molds as well as works and equipment almost intended for single use. The boardwork is very expensive and time consuming and often involves expensive carpentry. The timber used and its treatment, especially when the board cover is torn down, causes a lot of mess and entails some accident risk in the workplace. It is difficult to carry out and place the thermal insulation for the concrete structures in such a way that they are kept in place constantly. In winter construction, it is difficult to heat the concrete molds to the casting temperature, and it requires a great deal of energy and extra equipment and therefore often, especially for a self-builder, can not pay off.

Det er også kendt at anvende blokke til bygningsfundamenter, ydervægge og flere andre bygningsdele. Herved undgår man en hel del med en sædvanlig betonforms 25 bræddebeklædning forbundne ulemper.It is also known to use blocks for building foundations, exterior walls and several other building components. This avoids a great deal of the disadvantages associated with the usual formwork of a board concrete 25.

Gængse byggeblokke kan groft sagt inddeles i massive blokke og hule blokke. I forbindelse med begge disse bloktyper kan man som varmebarriere anvende en i blokkonstruktionen liggende varmeisolering.Common building blocks can be roughly divided into massive blocks and hollow blocks. In connection with both of these block types, a heat insulation can be used as a heat barrier in the block structure.

30 Af massive blokke kan nævnes de blokke, der an vendes som sokkelblokke, og som på bundfladerne kan have montage- og orienteringsspor.30 Of massive blocks are the blocks used as pedestal blocks and which can have mounting and orientation grooves on the bottom surfaces.

På markedet findes også murede, massive blokke med indlæg af celleplast. Ulempen ved sådanne blokke er, 35 at de skal mures, da det hermed forbundne murer- og iAlso on the market are masonry, solid blocks with cellular plastic inserts. The disadvantage of such blocks is that they must be masonry, as the associated masonry and

DK 163014 BDK 163014 B

2 hjælpearbejde er dyrt. Dertil kommer, at vertikalarme-ringen af de nævnte blokkonstruktioner er besværlig og efterbearbejdningen i almindelighed arbejdskrævende.2 relief work is expensive. In addition, the vertical alignment of said block structures is cumbersome and the post-processing is generally labor intensive.

Endvidere er brugen af denne bloktype i bærende, ensi-5 digt belastede eller særlig styrkekrævende bygningsdele begrænset.- I FI-patentskrifterne nr. 44 042, 46 761, 47 686 og 60 276 vises hule blokelementer, som på enkel måde kan sammensættes til blokserier, og som har hulrum til 10 fuldstøbning, vertikalarmering, kabelføringer m.m. FI-patentskrift nr. 60 276 viser f.eks. et blokelement, der i den ene ende har hulrum, og hvis sidevægge er indbyrdes forbundne ved hjælp af mellemvægge, hvis Øvre kanter er krummet nedad for udligning af fuldstøbningen og for 15 at muliggøre dennes kontinuitet fra én blok til en anden. Elementerne er tunge og svære at efterbehandle. Isoleringsmaterialet skal først på et senere tidspunkt indføres i hulrummene, hvilket gør det svært af fæstne dette korrekt.Furthermore, the use of this block type in load-bearing, unilaterally-loaded or particularly high-strength building parts is limited.- FI patents Nos. 44 042, 46 761, 47 686 and 60 276 show hollow block elements which can be easily assembled into block series. , which has cavities for 10 full castings, vertical reinforcement, cable guides etc. For example, FI Patent No. 60,276 discloses e.g. a block element having at one end cavity and whose side walls are interconnected by means of intermediate walls, the upper edges of which are curved downward to equalize the full cast and to allow its continuity from one block to another. The elements are heavy and difficult to finish. The insulating material must not be inserted into the cavities at a later stage, which makes it difficult to attach this correctly.

20 I DE-patentskrifterne 1 803 565, 1 916 400, 1 924 612, 2 924 579 og 3 035 312 vises hule blokke, der som varmebarriere har en separat celleplastisolering.20 In DE patents 1,803,565, 1,916,400, 1,924,612, 2,924,579 and 3,035,312, hollow blocks are shown which, as a heat barrier, have a separate cellular plastic insulation.

DE-patentskrift nr. 3 035 312 viser f.eks. en hul blok med hulrum til fuldstøbning samt en varmeisolering, 25 der forløber i blokkens fulde længde fra gavl til gavl parallelt med sidevæggene, hvilken isolering er fastgjort til skalkonstruktionen ved hjælp af svalehalenot-forbindelser. I denne konstruktion er hulrummene på samtlige sider afgrænset af en betonrammekonstruktion.For example, DE Patent Specification 3,035,312 discloses e.g. a hollow block with full molding cavities and a heat insulation 25 extending the full length of the block from gable to gable parallel to the side walls, which insulation is attached to the shell structure by means of dovetail joints. In this construction, the cavities on all sides are bounded by a concrete frame structure.

30 Blokkonstruktionen er således både dyr og tung.The block construction is thus both expensive and heavy.

I en i DE-patentskrift nr. 1 924 612 vist blokkonstruktion (fig. 1) forløber der ligeledes gennem hele konstruktionen en separat varmeisolering. Denne isolerings fastgørelse er ikke tilstrækkelig stabil. Isole-35 ringen grænser på den ene side i alt væsentligt op til betonkonstruktionen.In a block construction (Fig. 1) shown in DE patent specification 1 924 612, a separate thermal insulation also extends throughout the structure. The insulation fastening is not sufficiently stable. On the one hand, the insulation ring is substantially adjacent to the concrete structure.

33

DK 163014 BDK 163014 B

I et hult blokelement ifølge DE-patentskrift nr.In a hollow block element according to DE patent specification no.

1 803 565 (fig. 1 og 2) grænser isoleringen på langsiderne i alt væsentligt op mod yder- og indervægskon-struktionerne. Med konstruktionen opnås ikke det bedst 5 mulige økonomiske resultat, og konstruktionen bliver relativt tung.In 1 803 565 (Figures 1 and 2), the insulation on the long sides is substantially adjacent to the outer and inner wall structures. With the construction, the best possible financial result is not achieved and the construction becomes relatively heavy.

Konstruktionen ifølge DE-patentskrift nr.The construction according to DE patent specification no.

2 924 579 viser et byggeelement, i hvilket lyd- og varmeisoleringen grænser op til en hul kanal samt til en 10 separat bagestliggende udluftningskanal. Varmeisoleringens fastgørelse er ikke i sig selv tilstrækkelig sikker.2,924,579 shows a building element in which the sound and heat insulation is adjacent to a hollow duct and to a separate separate vent duct. The heat insulation attachment is not in itself sufficiently secure.

Nærværende opfindelse tager sigte på at anvise en med isolering forsynet hul blok, navnlig en sokkel- og 15 ydervægsblok, hvor de nævnte ulemper ikke eksisterer. Blokken ifølge opfindelsen kan håndteres manuelt, har en let struktur, isolerer godt og sikrer, at varmebarrieren holdes sikkert på plads. Unødige mellemvægge, der Øger vægten og omkostningerne, er undgået, samtidig med at 20 strukturen er tilstrækkelig stærk. Isoleringen skal være fæstnet så stabilt, at denne ikke under ifyldningen kan deformeres af i forbindelse hermed optrædende kræfter, og endvidere skal efterbearbejdning af elementet også være let at udføre.The present invention aims to provide an insulated hollow block, in particular a plinth and outer wall block where said disadvantages do not exist. The block according to the invention can be handled manually, has a light structure, insulates well and ensures that the heat barrier is kept securely in place. Unnecessary partitions that increase weight and cost have been avoided, while the 20 structure is sufficiently strong. The insulation must be firmly fixed so that it cannot be deformed during the filling by forces occurring in connection therewith, and further processing of the element must also be easy to carry out.

25 Dette opnås med en blokkonstruktion ifølge opfin delsen.This is achieved with a block structure according to the invention.

Opfindelsen kendetegnes ved indholdet af hovedkravet .The invention is characterized by the content of the main claim.

Blokkonstruktionen ifølge opfindelsen er baseret 30 på tanken om, at man ved at placere varmeisoleringen midt i en blok med fordel kan gøre hulrummene lige store på begge sider af isoleringen. Dette opnås ved at støtte isoleringen med separate ribber ved hjælp af en svaleha-lenotforbindelse mellem en i ribberne placeret i og for 35 sig kendt svalehalefeder og en hertil svarende i isole- 4The block construction according to the invention is based on the idea that by placing the heat insulation in the middle of a block it is advantageous to make the cavities equal on both sides of the insulation. This is achieved by supporting the insulation with separate ribs by means of a dovetail joint connection between a dovetail spring known in the ribs and a corresponding one in isolation.

DK 163014 BDK 163014 B

ringen udformet svalehalenot. De frembragte hulrum grænser således begge på hver sin side af midtlinien op mod varmeisoleringen, der forløber parallelt med blokkens sidevægge. Ribberne kan med fordel foran svalehale-5 federen have et separat anlægsparti, således at kræfter, der under fuldstøbningen virker på svalehalenotforbin-delserne, reduceres og fordeles. Den midterste isolering er fastgjort til vægpartierne i blokkens ene gavlvæg ved hjælp af en halv svalehalenotforbindelse. Med en central 10 placering af isoleringen opnås en i forhold til den med sidevæggene parallelle midterakse symmetrisk konstruktion, der letter blokelementets anvendelse. Som følge af den stabile fastgørelse af isoleringen, der opnås ved hjælp af ribbernes svalehalefedere og den halve svaleha-15 lefeder i gavlvæggen og ved hjælp af separate, bredere anlægspartier på ribberne er der kun ringe brug for indre betonvægge i blokkonstruktionen. Eftersom den centrale isolering også fungerer som et vægparti af hulrummene, opnås et blokelement, der let kan efterbearbej-20 des. På grund af hulrumskonstruktionens symmetri i forhold til den centrale isolering, fremmes fuldstøbningens ensartethed og spændinger, der under støbemassens hærdning frembringes i den centrale isolering, mindskes.the ring formed dovetail. The cavities thus formed both border on either side of the center line against the heat insulation which runs parallel to the side walls of the block. Advantageously, the ribs may have a separate abutment portion in front of the dovetail spring, so that forces acting during full casting on the dovetail joints are reduced and distributed. The middle insulation is attached to the wall portions of one end wall of the block by means of a half dovetail joint. A central positioning of the insulation results in a symmetrical construction relative to the central axis parallel to the side walls, which facilitates the use of the block element. As a result of the stable attachment of the insulation obtained by the dovetail feathers of the ribs and the semi-dovetail spring in the gable wall and by means of separate, wider abutments on the ribs, there is little need for internal concrete walls in the block construction. Since the central insulation also acts as a wall portion of the cavities, a block element is obtained which can be easily machined. Due to the symmetry of the cavity structure with respect to the central insulation, the uniformity of the full molding and stresses produced during the curing of the molding in the central insulation are promoted.

Øvrige detaljer og egenskaber for opfindelsen 25 fremgår af patentkravene samt af den følgende beskrivelse, hvor en udførelsesform for opfindelsen beskrives nærmere under henvisning til tegningen, hvor fig. 1 i perspektiv viser en blok ifølge opfindelsen, 30 fig. 2 et planbillede af blokken i fig. 1, fig. 3 en svalehalenotforbindelse i isoleringen, fig. 4 en halv svalehalenotforbindelse i isoleringens gavl, fig. 5 i snit fordybninger i blokkens ribber og 35 gavlvægge, hvilke fordybninger letter fuldstøbningen og 5Other details and features of the invention 25 appear from the claims and from the following description, in which an embodiment of the invention is described in more detail with reference to the drawing, in which fig. 1 is a perspective view of a block according to the invention; FIG. 2 is a plan view of the block of FIG. 1, FIG. 3 shows a dovetail joint in the insulation; FIG. 4 shows a half dovetail joint in the end of the insulation; FIG. 5 sectional recesses in the ribs of the block and 35 gable walls, which recesses facilitate full casting and 5

DK 163014 BDK 163014 B

strækker sig nedad fra det plan, der defineres af overkanterne af den centrale celleplastisolering og sidevæggene, og fig. 6 en hjørneblok.extending downwardly from the plane defined by the upper edges of the central cellular plastic insulation and the side walls; and FIG. 6 a corner block.

5 Fig. 1 viser en hul blok ifølge opfindelsen, hvilken blok i midten har en varmeisolering 1 af celleplast.FIG. 1 shows a hollow block according to the invention, which block in the middle has a heat insulation 1 of cellular plastic.

Fig. 2 viser i planbillede en blok ifølge opfindelsen og med parallelle sidevægge 2, en gavlvæg 3, 10 der forbinder sidevæggene, og består af betonvægpartier og et centralt isoleringsparti. Den centrale celleplastisolering er forbundet til sidevæggene 2 ved hjælp af ribber 4, der fortrinsvis er integreret ved sidevæggene. Et centralt varmeisoleringselement 1 er fastgjort 15 til ribberne ved hjælp af forbindelser, der dannes af i ribberne liggende svalehalefedre og modsvarende svalehalenoter i isoleringen.FIG. 2 is a plan view of a block according to the invention and with parallel sidewalls 2, a gable wall 3, 10 connecting the sidewalls, and consisting of concrete wall sections and a central insulation portion. The central cell plastic insulation is connected to the side walls 2 by means of ribs 4, which are preferably integrated at the side walls. A central heat insulating element 1 is secured to the ribs by means of compounds formed by the dovetail feathers and corresponding dovetail nodes in the insulation.

Inden i blokkonstruktionen dannes der parallelt med sidevæggene på begge sider af midterlinien A for-20 løbende hulrum 5 og 6 samt åbne hulrum 7, der grænser op til væggene, ribberne og den ifølge opfindelsen stort set centralt placerede celleplastvarmeisolering.Within the block structure, cavities 5 and 6 are formed parallel to the side walls on both sides of the center line A as well as open cavities 7, adjacent to the walls, ribs and the substantially centrally located cellular plastic heat insulation.

I fig. 3 vises væggenes ribbekonstruktion, der består af et vægparti 8, et mod svaleha lenot forbindel-25 sen vendende, udvidet anlægsparti 9, som mindsker belastninger samt en svalehalefeder 10. På grund af den fjedrende bort fra ydersiden krummede udformning af partiet 9 kan spændingerne jævnes ud. Princippet er at undgå spidse hjørner.In FIG. 3, the rib construction of the walls, which consists of a wall portion 8, a swivel joint, 25, extended abutment portion 9, which reduces loads and a dovetail spring 10, are shown. out. The principle is to avoid pointed corners.

30 Fig. 4 viser isoleringens fastgørelse til gavl væggene ved hjælp af en halv svalehalenotforbindelse ved gavlvægspartierne. Vægpartierne har en halv svalehalefeder 11 samt et op til blokken liggende udvidet anlægsparti 12 til at fordele belastningerne.FIG. 4 shows the attachment of the insulation to the gable walls by means of a half dovetail connection at the gable wall portions. The wall portions have a half dovetail spring 11 as well as an extended abutment portion 12 adjacent the block to distribute the loads.

35 Fig. 5 viser fordybninger til fuldstøbning. For dybningernes opgave er at fordele støbemassen inde iFIG. 5 shows indentations for full casting. For the task of the dips is to distribute the casting mass inside

DK 163014 BDK 163014 B

6 blokken samt muliggøre en indbyrdes forbindelse mellem to hosliggende blokke ved hjælp af helstøbning. Fordybningerne 13 findes på begge sider af den centrale isolering 1 samt på ribberne og gavlvæggen.6, as well as enabling an interconnection between two adjacent blocks by means of single casting. The recesses 13 are located on both sides of the central insulation 1 as well as on the ribs and gable wall.

5 Fig. 6 viser en hjørneblok til brug i tilslutning til basisblokken ifølge opfindelsen. Kendetegnende for hjørneblokken er, at den for så vidt kun afviger fra basisblokken ved, at den centrale isolering 1 nu ikke strækker sig helt til gavlvæggen, men for at sikre et 10 ensartet isoleringsforløb uden varmebroer har en i forhold til den centrale isolering set forholdsvis kort vinkelret herpå arrangeret tillægsisolering 14, som ved hjælp af en halv svalehalenotforbindelse er fæstnet til sidevæggen.FIG. 6 shows a corner block for use in connection with the basic block according to the invention. Characteristic of the corner block is that it differs so far only from the base block in that the central insulation 1 now does not extend all the way to the end wall, but in order to ensure a uniform insulation process without heat bridges, a relatively short relative to the central insulation has been seen. auxiliary insulation 14 arranged perpendicular thereto, which is secured to the sidewall by a half dovetail joint.

15 Isoleringerne 1 og 4 er af celleplast og den øvrige konstruktion samt ribberne af beton.15 The insulators 1 and 4 are made of cellular plastic and the other construction as well as the concrete ribs.

Blokke ifølge opfindelsen har ved brug vist sig at have de ønskede styrkeegenskaber over for et konstant tryk. Således kan et støbetryk på ca. halvdelen af rum- 20 højden, dvs. 1200-1400 mm anvendes uden risiko. Blokken ifølge opfindelsen kan fremstilles på sædvanlig måde ved hjælp af automatiske betonproduktmaskiner - såsom en MECA TK-120-1 fra Mecakone OY, Finland - under anvendelse af egnede forme.Blocks according to the invention have been found to have the desired strength properties against a constant pressure during use. Thus, a casting pressure of approx. half the room height, ie 1200-1400 mm is used without risk. The block according to the invention can be manufactured in the usual way by means of automatic concrete product machines - such as a MECA TK-120-1 from Mecakone OY, Finland - using suitable molds.

25 Med hensyn til detaljer kan en blok ifølge opfin delsen varieres endog temmelig meget inden for rammerne af patentkravene.In terms of details, a block according to the invention can be varied even quite within the scope of the claims.

Claims

A building block with relatively thin, parallel sidewalls (2) of concrete and a gable wall (3) connecting the sidewalls where one of the blocks is open and running parallel to the sidewalls throughout the length (L) heat insulation (1) of cellular plastic so as to form cavities between it and the walls, characterized in that the thermal insulation (1) of cellular plastic is in the middle of the block, that the thermal insulation (1) with ribs (4) is connected to the side walls (2) by means of 10 known perforated dovetail connections between the ribs and the heat insulation, whereby the cavities (5, 6, 7) are formed correspondingly on both sides of the heat insulation (1) and in addition to adjacent the walls and the ribs also specially adjoin to the current centrally located cell plastic insulation (1).

The building block according to claim 1, characterized in that the wall portions of the gable wall (3) are connected to the central cellular plastic insulation (1) by means of a half dovetail connection.

Block according to claim 1, characterized in that the rib (4) comprises an extended abutment portion (9) between a dovetail spring (10) in the gable and a straight wall portion (8).

Block according to claim 2, characterized in that in front of the half dovetail connections (11) in the wall portions of the gable (3) there is an extended abutment portion (12).

Block according to claim 1, characterized in that there are recesses (13) in the rib and end wall edges (4 and 3, respectively). WTERNATICWÅLT PATENT BUREAU