DK160788B - RODENTICID LURE IN THE FORM OF STOCK BLOCKS, METHOD OF MANUFACTURE THEREOF, AND ITS USE TO FIGHT AGAINST GODS - Google Patents
RODENTICID LURE IN THE FORM OF STOCK BLOCKS, METHOD OF MANUFACTURE THEREOF, AND ITS USE TO FIGHT AGAINST GODS Download PDFInfo
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- DK160788B DK160788B DK091683A DK91683A DK160788B DK 160788 B DK160788 B DK 160788B DK 091683 A DK091683 A DK 091683A DK 91683 A DK91683 A DK 91683A DK 160788 B DK160788 B DK 160788B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/34—Shaped forms, e.g. sheets, not provided for in any other sub-group of this main group
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/002—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing a foodstuff as carrier or diluent, i.e. baits
- A01N25/004—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing a foodstuff as carrier or diluent, i.e. baits rodenticidal
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- Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Oxygen Or Sulfur (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
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Den foreliggende opfindelse angår rodenticid lokkemad i form af faste blokke, en fremgangsmåde til fremstilling deraf samt dens anvendelse til bekæmpelse af gnavere, især rotter og mus.The present invention relates to rodentic bait in the form of solid blocks, a method of preparing them, and its use in controlling rodents, especially rats and mice.
Bekæmpelsen af rotter, mus og andre skadelige gnavere ud-5 gør et alvorligt problem, da disse dyr spiller en væsentlig rolle som overførere af alvorlige infektionssygdomme og som en uhyre stor skadefaktor ved ødelæggelsen og forureningen af næringsmidler. Blandt dyrene i denne slægt indtager de koramensale gnavere, først og fremmest rotter-10 ne, en særlig stilling, da de lever de samme steder som mennesket og æder de samme produkter/som mennesket spiser. Vandrerotten eller vandrotten (Rattus norvegicus), husrotten (Rattus rattus), husmusen (Mus musculus), markmusen (Microtus arvalis) og mosegrisen (Arvicola terrestris) 15 hører til de hyppigste grupper skadelige gnavere.The control of rats, mice and other harmful rodents poses a serious problem as these animals play a significant role as transmitters of serious infectious diseases and as a tremendous damage factor in the destruction and contamination of foodstuffs. Among the animals in this genus, the Koramensal rodents, primarily the rats, occupy a special position, as they live in the same places as man and eat the same products / which man eats. The rat or water rat (Rattus norvegicus), the house rat (Rattus rattus), the house mouse (Mus musculus), the field mouse (Microtus arvalis) and the moss pig (Arvicola terrestris) are among the most frequent groups of harmful rodents.
Gnavere, der lever som slægtsdyr, har en høj tilpasningsevne og veludviklet sporsans. Især for rotternes vedkommende gælder det, at de har et indbyrdes veludviklet advarselssystem. Resultatet af ethvert bekæmpelsesforsøg er i vid 20 udstrækning afhængigt af, i hvor høj grad man er i stand til at bedømme det karakteristiske livs- og adfærdsmønster.Rodents living as a genus have a high adaptability and well-developed tracking sense. Especially for rats, they have a well-developed warning system. The outcome of any control effort is largely dependent on the extent to which one is able to judge the characteristic pattern of life and behavior.
Principielt er mus og rotters fødeindtagelse usystematisk og tilfældig, idet de sjældent holder sig til et enkelt foder, når forskellige slags foder står til rådighed. Allerede 25 dette forhold vanskeliggør bekæmpelsen.In principle, mice and rats' food intake is unsystematic and random, as they rarely adhere to a single feed when different types of feed are available. Already 25 this relationship makes the fight difficult.
Dertil kommer imidlertid,at giftig lokkemad straks afvises af rotter, når lokkemaden som følge af smag og tålelighed er identificeret som sådan. En massebekæmpelse støder således altid på vanskeligheder, når artsfællerne sætter et 30 dyrs død i forbindelse med lokkemaden og undgår denne.In addition, however, toxic baits are immediately rejected by rats when the baits are identified as such due to taste and tolerability. A mass fight thus always encounters difficulties when the species companions put a death of 30 animals in connection with the bait and avoid it.
Det er blevet forsøgt at gøre lokkemad velsmagende for rotter ved anvendelse af lokkestoffer og smagskorrigerende stoffer, og samtidig har man sørget for, at giftstoffetAttempts have been made to make bait tasty for rats by using lures and flavor correction agents, while ensuring that the toxin
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2 ikke absorberes allerede i den øverste del af mave-tarmka-nalen, hvor dets virkning indtræder endnu under fødeoptagelsen, dvs. for tidligt. I sådanne tilfælde iagttages det regelmæssigt, at den pågældende rotte straks ophører med 5 fødeoptagelsen, og dette har til følge, at ingen af dyrene hørende til samme slægt berører lokkemaden eller en lignende giftig lokkemad.2 is not already absorbed into the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract, where its effect occurs even during food intake, ie. too early. In such cases, it is regularly observed that the rat concerned immediately ceases feeding, and as a result, none of the animals belonging to the same genus affect the bait or a similar poisonous bait.
De subakutte rodenticider, først og fremmest antikoagule-ringsstofferne, udgør på grund af den forsinkede, men sik-10 re virkning i dag den mest betydningsfulde gruppe virksomme præparater. Ikke desto mindre svarer resultatet af masseanvendelsen ikke til forventningerne.The subacute rodenticides, primarily the anticoagulants, constitute the most significant group of effective compositions due to the delayed but safer effect today. Nevertheless, the results of mass use do not meet expectations.
Problemet er derfor som tidligere at udvikle rodenticide midler under specifik hensyntagen til adfærdsmønsteret for 15 at sikre et bedre resultat.The problem is, as before, to develop rodenticidal agents with specific consideration of the behavioral pattern to ensure a better outcome.
Medens man allerede har ofret megen opmærksomhed på problemet med lokke- og smagsstofferne, er gnavernes artsspecifikke adfærd undersøgt i langt mindre udstrækning med henblik på praktisk anvendelse.While much attention has already been paid to the problem of lure and flavor, the species-specific behavior of rodents has been studied to a much lesser extent for practical use.
20 Trangen til at gnave er et adfærdskendetegn, som der ved formuleringen af aktiv lokkemad hidtil er taget alt for lidt hensyn til.20 The urge to gnaw is a characteristic of behavior which has so far been taken into account in the formulation of active bait.
Fra tysk fremlæggelsessskrift nr. 1.146.695 og fransk patentskrift nr. 2.288.464 kendes rodenticid lokkemad, 25 der har en anden strukturel opbygning end lokkemaden ifølge opfindelsen. Ved dens afvigende opbygning er lokkemaden ifølge opfindelsen for så vidt mere fordelagtig, da den bedre tilfredsstiller gnavebehovet hos de dyr, der skal bekæmpes, og desuden giver større sikkerhed 30 for andre levende væsener.From German Patent Specification No. 1,146,695 and French Patent No. 2,288,464, rodenticide baits are known, which have a different structural structure than the bait according to the invention. In its divergent structure, the bait of the invention is far more advantageous in that it better satisfies the rodent needs of the animals to be fought and, moreover, provides greater security 30 for other living beings.
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De i handelen forekommende paraffinblokke (med lokkefo-der) til anvendelse mod skadelige gnavere har vist, at de af hensyn til smag og konsistens ikke opfylder de stillede forventninger.The commercially available paraffin blocks (with bait liner) for use against harmful rodents have shown that for taste and consistency they do not meet the expectations.
5 Faste legemer med skinnende lag (som f.eks. paraffin), halvfast materiale eller endog gelagtige masser opfylder ikke de stoflige krav til et virksomt lokkemiddel.5 Solid bodies with shiny layers (such as paraffin), semi-solid or even gel-like masses do not meet the material requirements for an effective bait.
Det er derfor formålet med den foreliggende opfindelse at tilvejebringe et rodenticidt middel bestående af et fast 10 formet lokkemiddel i blokform, som a) har en tilstrækkelig hårdhed, især sprød hårdhed, og b) samtidig er velsmagende, hvorved dyret stimuleres til vedvarende gnavning og fortæring.It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a rodenticidal agent consisting of a solid block-shaped lure which a) has a sufficient hardness, especially brittle hardness, and b) is at the same time tasty, thereby stimulating the animal for sustained gnawing and ingestion. .
Det har vist sig, at dette formål overraskende hurtigt og enkelt 15 kan opnås ved en lokkemad i blokform, der kan fremstilles ved, at man foretager grundig sammenblanding af polyvi-nylacetat alene eller copolymerisater af vinylacetat og acrylsyreestere, methacrylsyreestere og/eller acryloni-tril i vandig dispersion med den ønskede faste eller 20 grødagtige spiselige del af giftlokkemaden og udstøber eller udformer den dannede grødagtige masse til blokke af vilkårlig form med en vægt på 4 til 1000 g, hvorpå disse tørres. Foruden de tre væsentlige komponenter polymerisat, foderdel og gift kan lokkemaden i blokform ifølge 25 opfindelsen indeholde små mængder (op til ca. 10 vægtprocent) af andre tilsætningsstoffer, som er tilpasset efter de pågældende praktiske krav.It has been found that this object can be achieved surprisingly quickly and simply by a bait in block form which can be prepared by thoroughly mixing polyvinyl acetate alone or copolymers of vinyl acetate and acrylic acid esters, methacrylic acid esters and / or acrylonitrile. in aqueous dispersion with the desired solid or mushy edible portion of the venom lure, and molding or molding the resulting mushy mass into blocks of any shape weighing 4 to 1000 g and then dried. In addition to the three essential components polymerisate, feed part and poison, the bait in block form according to the invention may contain small amounts (up to about 10% by weight) of other additives adapted to the practical requirements concerned.
Den således ifølge den ovenfor beskrevne omhandlede fremgangsmåde ved sammenklæbning med polyvinylacetat eller et copoly-30 merisat deraf som bindemiddel fremstillede hårde lokkemad eller lokkemad i blokform med en vægt mellem 4 og 1000 g, fortrinsvis mellem 10 og 100 g, har på én gang følgende, for den praktiske anvendelse meget ønskede egenskaber: 4The process of adhering to the polyvinyl acetate or copolymer thereof, as described above, as hard binder or block bait having a weight between 4 and 1000 g, preferably between 10 and 100 g, has at one time the following, for the practical application much desired properties: 4
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1) Tilstrækkelig sprød hårdhed, som er særlig egnet for gnavning, og som værdsættes af vildtlevende rotter og mus.1) Adequate brittle hardness, which is particularly suitable for rubbing and appreciated by wild rats and mice.
2) Høj palatabilitet, som især hos vildtlevende rotter fø- 5 rer til, at sådan lokkemad på blokform entydigt foretrækkes i stedet for et tilsvarende hårdt foder uden polymertilsætning .2) High palatability, which especially in wild rats, causes such bait in block form to be unequivocally preferred to a similar hard feed without polymer addition.
3) Vandresistens, som ganske vist kan bevirke en langsom (maksimalt 20%'s) kvældning af lokkemaden i blokform, uden 10 dog at styrken forringes, og som bevarer lokkemaden i et tidsrum på flere uger efter udlægningen mod sønderdeling.3) Water resistance, which can, however, cause a slow (maximum 20%) swelling of the bait in block form, without, however, deteriorating the strength, and which retains the bait for a period of several weeks after being laid against disintegration.
I praksis er det kendt at anvende polymere stoffer som bindemiddel for aktive stoffer. Fra JP-fremlæggelsesskrift nr.In practice, it is known to use polymeric substances as a binder for active substances. From JP submission no.
15 72/19 199 (Ikari Yakuhin AG.) er det således kendt at ælte norbormid [5-(a-hydroxy-a-2-pyridylbenzyl)-7-(α-2-pyridyl-benzyliden)norborn-5-en-2,3-dicarboximid] i forholdet ca.Thus, it is known to knead norbormide [5- (α-hydroxy-α-2-pyridylbenzyl) -7- (α-2-pyridylbenzylidene) norborn-5-ene 2,3-dicarboximide] in the ratio of approx.
2:1 med en vandig polyvinylacetat-emulsion, hvorpå der foretages finformaling, siningog tørring ved 80°C. Det så-20 ledes fremstillede giftpudder blandes i forholdet ca. 1:100 med kornmel til dannelse af et brugbart lokkemiddel på pulverform. Såvel med hensyn til formål som resultat adskiller den kendte teknik sig imidlertid væsentligt fra den foreliggende opfindelse.2: 1 with an aqueous polyvinyl acetate emulsion, then finely grind, sinew and dry at 80 ° C. The poison powder thus produced is mixed in a ratio of approx. 1: 100 with cereal flour to form a useful powdered bait. However, both in terms of purpose and result, the prior art differs substantially from the present invention.
25 Palatabiliteten, som skyldes et stort indhold af polyvinyl-acetat-(co)-polymer, er ikke kendt fra ovennævnte fremlæggelsesskrift, som heller ikke beskriver muligheden for sammen med alle hjælpestoffer i én arbejdsgang at fremstille sammenklæbet lokkemad på blokform, som imødekommer 30 gnavebehovet hos rotter og mus. Desuden er den særlige vandresistens ikke kendt fra ovennævnte fremlæggelsesskrift.The palatability, which is due to a high content of polyvinyl acetate (co) polymer, is not known from the above-mentioned disclosure, which also does not describe the possibility of producing, together with all auxiliaries in one operation, block-stick bait that meets the rodent need. in rats and mice. Furthermore, the particular water resistance is not known from the above-mentioned publication.
Nærmere betegnet angår den foreliggende opfindelse en fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af en fast formet, gnavelig ro-denticid lokkemad på blokform med en vægt på fra 4 til 35 1000 g, og fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen er ejendomme- 5More particularly, the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a solid, moldy, rodentic, block-shaped bait weighing from 4 to 35 1000 g, and the process of the invention is characterized
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lig ved, at 96-70 vægtprocent (beregnet på den færdige lokkemad) af en præfabrikeret næringsmiddelbestanddel, som foruden giftkomponenten i en mængde på 0,001-1,0 vægtprocent eventuelt indeholder op til 10%, beregnet på dens 5 vægt, mineralske eller vegetabilske fyldstoffer, smagskorrigerende stoffer, mikrobicider, spiringshæmmende stoffer, farvestoffer og/eller andre anvendelsesteknisk egnede tilsætningsstoffer, blandes med en vandig dispersion af polyvinylacetat eller et copolymerisat af vinylacetat med 10 acrylsyreester, methacrylsyreester og/eller acrylonitril (hvis dispersionsbestanddele efter tørring bringer vægtmæng-den af den samlede lokkemadsblanding op på 100%) i 1-60 minutter under eventuel tilsætning af så meget vand, at der dannes en hældbar masse, hvorpå massen støbes el-15 ler formes til blokke af en ønsket form under lufttørring og tørres ved 10-60°C.equal to the fact that 96-70% by weight (calculated on the finished bait) of a prefabricated food ingredient which, in addition to the poison component in an amount of 0.001-1.0% by weight, may contain up to 10%, based on its 5 weight, mineral or vegetable fillers , flavor-correcting agents, microbicides, germicidal agents, dyes and / or other suitable additives suitable for use, are mixed with an aqueous dispersion of polyvinyl acetate or a copolymer of vinyl acetate with 10 acrylic acid ester, methacrylic acid ester and / or acrylonitrile after drying ingredients. total bait mix up to 100%) for 1-60 minutes, with the addition of so much water as possible to form a pourable mass, then cast the mass or mold into blocks of a desired shape under air drying and dry at 10-60 ° C.
Lufttørringen af den størknede masse af lokkemaden på blokform foretages fortrinsvis ved stuetemperatur.The air drying of the solidified mass of the bait in block form is preferably carried out at room temperature.
Til copolymerisationen med vinylacetat kan principielt an-20 vendes sådanne monomere, som giver hårde sammenklæbede masser, og som i smagsmæssig henseende kan lides af gnavere. Der foretrækkes acrylsyreestere og methacrylsyreestere, hvor alkoholkomponenterne er afledt af methanol, ethanol, butanol, hydroxyethanol eller ethoxyethanol. Endvidere kan 25 anvendes estere af højere alkoholer, såsom decylalkohol og laurylalkohol.In principle, the copolymerization with vinyl acetate can be used such monomers which give hard-bonded masses and which, in taste, can suffer from rodents. Acrylic acid esters and methacrylic acid esters are preferred where the alcohol components are derived from methanol, ethanol, butanol, hydroxyethanol or ethoxyethanol. Furthermore, esters of higher alcohols can be used, such as decyl alcohol and lauryl alcohol.
(Poly)vinylacetat-dispersioner i form af handelsprodukter indeholder ofte op til 5% andre umættede forbindelser, såsom acrylsyre, crotonsyre, maleinsyre, maleinsyreanhydrid 30 og højere homologe af polyvinylacetat, såsom polyvinyl-propionat eller polyvinylbutyrat. Sådanne stoffer, som har en gunstig indvirkning på hærdningen af polymeren til det omhandlede formål, betragtes som copolymerisatbestanddele, som er omfattet af den foreliggende opfindelse.(Poly) vinyl acetate dispersions in the form of commercial products often contain up to 5% of other unsaturated compounds such as acrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride 30 and higher homologue of polyvinyl acetate such as polyvinyl propionate or polyvinyl butyrate. Such substances which have a beneficial effect on the curing of the polymer for the purpose of the present invention are considered as copolymer constituents which are encompassed by the present invention.
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Som mineralske og vegetabilske tilsætningsstoffer eller strækkemidler kan eksempelvis anvendes kaolin, talkum, bolus, kridt, kalksten, attaler, dolomit, diatomé jord, fældet kiselsyre, jordalkalimetalsilicater, natrium-5 og kaliumaluminiumsilicater (feidspater og glimmer), calcium- og magnesiumsulfater, magnesiumoxid, formalede kunststoffer, formalede planteprodukter, såsom barkmel, træmel, formalede nøddeskaller, cellulosepulver, alene eller i blanding.As mineral and vegetable additives or extenders, for example, kaolin, talc, bolus, chalk, limestone, aggregates, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, precipitated silicic acid, alkaline earth metal silicates, sodium and potassium aluminum silicates (feeds and mica), calcium and magnesium sulfate, calcium and magnesium, ground plastics, ground plant products such as bark flour, wood flour, ground nuts, cellulose powder, alone or in mixture.
10 Foderbestanddelen i den blokformede lokkemad kan omfatte alle arter holdbare faste næringsmidler, fortrinsvis lagerbestandigt hårdt foder, især foder på kornbasis, såsom bagte produkter, mel, korn og kornskrå samt blandinger deraf. Der kan imidlertid også anvendes andet foder af ani-15 malsk eller vegetabilsk oprindelse, såsom fiskerester, kødrester eller knoglerester samt drue- og majsrester, oliekager, tørrede frugter, frugtskaller og andet.The feed component of the block-shaped bait may comprise all kinds of durable solid foods, preferably stock-resistant hard food, especially cereal-based feed such as baked products, flour, cereals and cereal, and mixtures thereof. However, other feed of ani mal or vegetable origin may also be used, such as fish scraps, meat scraps or bone scraps, as well as grape and corn scraps, oilcakes, dried fruits, fruit shells and other.
Opfindelsen omfatter tillige en rodenticid lokkemad i form af faste blokke med en vægt på 4-1000 g bestående i 20 det væsentlige af sprødt-hårdt polyvinylacetat eller et sprødt-hårdt copolymerisat af vinylacetat og acrylsyre-ester, methacrylsyreester og/eller acrylonitril samt et med en rodenticid gift præpareret næringsmiddel, der kan fremstilles på den ovenfor beskrevne måde.The invention also includes a rodentic bait in the form of solid blocks weighing 4-1000 g consisting essentially of brittle-hard polyvinyl acetate or a brittle-hard copolymer of vinyl acetate and acrylic acid ester, methacrylic acid ester and / or acrylonitrile, and one with a rodenticidal poison prepared food which can be prepared in the manner described above.
25 Sædvanligvis forekommer polymerkomponenten i en mængde på 4-30 vægtprocent af den blokformede lokkemad, og den resterende mængde af spiselige komponenter (inklusive op til 10 vægtprocent eventuelle tilsætningsstoffer),som bringer den samlede mængde op på 100 vægtprocent, indeholder 0,001-30 1,0 vægtprocent, fortrinsvis 0,005-0,1 vægtprocent, gift komponent .Usually, the polymer component is present in an amount of 4-30% by weight of the block-shaped bait, and the remaining amount of edible components (including up to 10% by weight of any additives) which brings the total amount to 100% by weight contains 0.001-30%, 0 wt.%, Preferably 0.005-0.1 wt.%, Poisonous component.
Polymerkomponenten i den blokformede lokkemad udgør fortrinsvis 7-15 vægtprocent, f.eks. 10 vægtprocent.The polymer component of the block-shaped bait is preferably 7-15% by weight, e.g. 10% by weight.
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Der foretrækkes vinylacetat-copolymerisater, herunder vinylacetat-acrylsyrelavalkylester-copolymerisaterne.Preferred are vinyl acetate copolymers, including the vinyl acetate acrylic acid low alkyl ester copolymers.
Som aktive stoffer kan principielt anvendes alle kendte rodenticider, fortrinsvis af antikoagulanstypen, såsom 5 4-hydroxycumarin-derivaterne, blandt hvilke nedenstående foretrækkes: 3-(3-Biphenyl-4-yl-l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-l-naphthyl)-4-hydroxycumarin (Difenacoum) , 3— [3— (4'-brombiphenyl-4-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-l-naphthyl]-10 4-hydroxycumarin (Brodifacoum), 3-(4'“brombiphenyl-4-yl-3-hydroxy-l-phenylpropyl)-4-hydroxy-cumarin (Bromadiolon), 3- (a-acetonylbenzyl)-4-hydroxycumarin (Warfarin), 3-(a-acetonyl-4-chlorbenzyl)-4-hydroxycumarin (Cumachlor), 15 4-hydroxy-3-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-l-naphthyl)-cumarin (Coumatetralyl) og 3-(2-acetonylfurfuryl)-4-hydroxycumarin (Cumafuryl).As active substances, all known rodenticides, preferably of the anticoagulant type, such as the 5 4-hydroxycoumarin derivatives, of which the following are preferred, may be used in principle: 3- (3-Biphenyl-4-yl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1- naphthyl) -4-hydroxycoumarin (Diphenacoum), 3- [3- (4'-bromobiphenyl-4-yl) -1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl] -4-hydroxycoumarin (Brodifacoum), 3 - (4 '' bromobiphenyl-4-yl-3-hydroxy-1-phenylpropyl) -4-hydroxy-coumarin (Bromadiolone), 3- (a-acetonylbenzyl) -4-hydroxycoumarin (Warfarin), 3- (a-acetonyl 4-hydroxy-coumarin (Cumachlor), 4-hydroxy-3- (1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl) coumarin (Coumatetralyl) and 3- (2-acetonylfurfuryl) -4 -hydroxy coumarin (Cumafuryl).
Som aktive stoffer foretrækkes endvidere de antikoaguleren-de stoffer, som er afledt af 1,3-indandion, og hvoraf føl-20 gende foretrækkes: 2-[2-(4-Chlorphenyl)-2-phenylacetyl]-1,3-indandion (Chloro-phacinon), 2-diphenylacetyl-l,3-indandion (Diphacinon) og 2-pivaloyl-l,3-indandion (Pindon).In addition, as active substances, the anticoagulants derived from 1,3-indanedione are preferred, and of which the following are preferred: 2- [2- (4-Chlorophenyl) -2-phenylacetyl] -1,3-indanedione (Chloro-phacinone), 2-diphenylacetyl-1,3-indanedione (Diphacinone) and 2-pivaloyl-1,3-indanedione (Pindon).
25 Et andet foretrukket rodenticidt aktivt stof er 2,4,6-tri-brom-N-methyl-21,4'-dinitro-61-trifluormethyldiphenylamin (Bromethalin).Another preferred rodenticidal active substance is 2,4,6-tri-bromo-N-methyl-21,4'-dinitro-61-trifluoromethyldiphenylamine (Bromethaline).
Den foreliggende opfindelse angår tillige anvendelsen af en ovenfor beskreven rodenticid lokkemad på blokform til 30 bekæmpelse af gnavere.The present invention also relates to the use of a block-shaped rodenticide bait described above for controlling rodents.
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Desuden angår opfindelsen en fremgangsmåde til bekæmpelse af gnavere, især rotter og mus, ved udbringning og udlægning af rodenticid lokkemad, der er beskrevet ovenfor som lokkemad på blokform, der kan gnaves.In addition, the invention relates to a method for controlling rodents, especially rats and mice, in the application and deposition of rodenticidal bait described above as rodent bait-shaped bait.
5 I det følgende beskrives fremstillingen af et særligt foretrukket præparat.The following describes the preparation of a particularly preferred composition.
Fremstillingseksempel (for 1 kg lokkemad i tør form).Preparation example (for 1 kg bait in dry form).
I et blandeapparatur (Hobarth-blander) med en rørebehol-der på 3 liter anbringes 900 g hvedekorn, som er præpa-10 reret med Cumachlor (0,01%), og som er farvet med levnedsmiddelfarvestoffet "Patentblåt V" (0,05%) [Ca-salt af 2,4-disulfo-5-hydroxy-4',4"-bis(diethylamino)triphenyl-carbinol-anhydrid. Color Index 42051].In a mixer (Hobarth mixer) with a 3 liter stirrer, place 900 g of wheat grain prepared with Cumachlor (0.01%) and colored with the food coloring "Patent Blue V" (0.05 %) [Ca salt of 2,4-disulfo-5-hydroxy-4 ', 4 "bis (diethylamino) triphenyl-carbinol anhydride. Color Index 42051].
Under langsom omrøring tilsættes 179 g ca. 56%'s vandig 15 vinylacetat/acrylsyrebutylester-copolymerisat-dispersion og alt efter dispersionens viskositet desuden fra 50 til 100 mg vand. Efter omrøring i 2-5 minutter fås en sej flydende masse, som fyldes i forme til dannelse af lokkemad på blokform med en vægt på fra 4-35 g og med en vil-20 kårlig ønsket form (plader, terninger, keglestubbe, stænger og lignende).With slow stirring, 179 g of ca. 56% aqueous 15 vinyl acetate / acrylic acid butyl ester copolymer dispersion and, depending on the viscosity of the dispersion, additionally from 50 to 100 mg of water. After stirring for 2-5 minutes, a cool liquid mass is obtained which is filled into molds to form bait in block form weighing from 4-35 g and in any desired shape (plates, cubes, cones, rods and similar).
Den hvidlige, let skumformige masse lufttørres, og ved fordampning af vandet dannes en glasklar sammenklæbet blokformet kornmasse, som ikke længere er vandopløselig 25 (men stadig kvældbar).The whitish, slightly foamy mass is air dried and, by evaporation of the water, forms a clear glass adhered block-shaped grain mass which is no longer water-soluble (but still swellable).
I stedet for Cumachlor kan der også meget fordelagtigt an-vandes Bromadiolon eller Bromethalin. 1 stedet for "Patentblåt V" kan der også anvendes et vilkårligt andet egnet advarselsfarvestof, som er egnet til dette 30 formål.Instead of Cumachlor, Bromadiolone or Bromethaline can also be used very advantageously. In place of "Patent Blue V", any other suitable warning dye suitable for this purpose can also be used.
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I stedet for hvedekorn kan der med fordel også anvendes en skråblanding bestående af 26,66 vægtprocent havregrits, 26,67 vægtprocent foderris og 26,67 vægtprocent hvedeskrå, som under anvendelse af samme fremgangsmåde sammenklæbes 5 med 20 vægtprocent polyvinylacetat eller vinylacetat/acryl-syreester-copolymerisat eller vinylacetat/acrylonitril-copolymerisat.Instead of wheat grain, an oblique mixture consisting of 26.66 wt.% Oat grit, 26.67 wt.% Rice rice and 26.67 wt.% Wheat oats, which are adhered to the 20 wt.% Polyvinyl acetate or vinyl acetate / acrylic acid ester, can also be used. copolymer or vinyl acetate / acrylonitrile copolymer.
Biologisk eksempel 1 På to grupper af 24 laboratorierotter og 24 vilde mus afprø-10 ves dyrenes tendens til at foretrække lokkemidlet i blokform ifølge opfindelsen i forhold til tilsvarende foder, der ikke er sammenklæbet til en hård blok med polyvinylacetat (copoly-merisat).Biological Example 1 In two groups of 24 laboratory rats and 24 wild mice, the tendency of the animals to prefer the lure in block form according to the invention is tested against similar feed not adhered to a hard block with polyvinyl acetate (copolymerate).
a) 12 hanlaboratorierotter og 12 hunlaboratorierotter med 15 legemsvægte mellem 174 og 261 g anbringes i enkeltbure med trådgitterbund. Under burene er anbragt en opsamlingsbakke med filterpapir til opsamling og genvejning af foder- og lokkemiddelbestanddele, som er faldet igennem burets bund.(a) 12 male laboratory rats and 12 female laboratory rats with 15 body weights between 174 and 261 g are placed in single cages with wire mesh floor. Underneath the cages is a collection tray with filter paper for collecting and reweighting feed and bait ingredients which have fallen through the bottom of the cage.
Dyrene har fri adgang til vand i specielle drikkeflasker.The animals have free access to water in special drinking bottles.
20 Udover fri adgang til drikkeflaskerne har dyrene adgang til normalfoderet, bestående af en blanding af 1/3 havregrits, 1/3 foderris og 1/3 hvedeskrå, i en beholder.20 In addition to free access to the drinking bottles, the animals have access to the normal feed, consisting of a mixture of 1/3 oat grits, 1/3 feed rice and 1/3 wheat swab, in a container.
Den anvendte lokkemad på blokform ifølge opfindelsen består af 26,66 vægtprocent havregrits, 26,67 vægtprocent foderris, 25 26,67 vægtprocent hvedeskrå og 20,00 vægtprocent vinyl- acetat-acrylsyreester-copolymerisat og har gennemsnitlig en vægt på 35 g og måler 40 x 40 x 30 mm. Dyrene har adgang til lokkemadblokkene, som er anbragt i en beholder på en sidevæg, der danner en ret vinkel med drikkeflasken.The bait used in block form according to the invention consists of 26.66 weight percent oat grits, 26.67 weight percent fodder rice, 25 26.67 weight percent wheat oat and 20.00 weight percent vinyl acetate-acrylic acid ester copolymer and has an average weight of 35 g and measures 40 x 40 x 30 mm. The animals have access to the bait blocks which are placed in a container on a side wall forming a right angle with the drinking bottle.
30 I et tidsrum på 4 dage ved 20 - 2°C og simuleret dagslys (13 timer lys periode og 11 timer mørk periode) har dyrene samtidig adgang til normalfoderet og lokkemaden på 1030 For a period of 4 days at 20 - 2 ° C and simulated daylight (13 hours light period and 11 hours dark period), the animals simultaneously have access to the normal feed and the bait of 10
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blokform. Den dagligt· indtagne mængde bestemmes ved genvejning af foderet for hvert enkelt dyr. De på 4 dage optagne gennemsnitlige fodermængder er som følger:block form. The daily intake is determined by re-weighing the feed for each animal. The average feed amounts recorded in 4 days are as follows:
Gennemsnitsmængde af 5 Art_Lokkemad i blokform_Normal foderAverage amount of 5 Art_Lokkemad in block form_Normal feed
Hanrotter 73,8 - 10,3 g 52,4 - 9,1 gMale rats 73.8 - 10.3 g 52.4 - 9.1 g
Hunrotter 69,0 - 10,1 g 21,4 - 6,6 gFemale rats 69.0 - 10.1 g 21.4 - 6.6 g
Samlet gennemsnitsmængde 71,4 - 10,2 g 36,9 - 7,9 g 10 Lokkemaden på blokform foretrækkes af rotterne i forhold til normalfoderet i forholdet 2:1. Det er påfaldende, at hunrotterne foretrækker lokkemaden på blokform overfor normalfoderet i forholdet 3:1.Overall average amount 71.4 - 10.2 g 36.9 - 7.9 g 10 The bait in block form is preferred by the rats relative to the normal feed in a 2: 1 ratio. It is striking that the female rats prefer the bait in block form to the normal feed in a 3: 1 ratio.
b) 24 mus af begge køn (Mus musculus dornesticus) fra opdræt 15 af indfangne vilde dyr med en legemsvægt mellem 18 og 32 g anbringes i enkeltbure og underkastes den ovenfor under a) beskrevne test. Efter en tilpasningsfase på ca. 1,5 dage, hvorunder dyrene i stadig større grad forlader det i begyndelsen foretrukne bløde foder til fordel for lokkema-20 den på blokform, udgør den gennemsnitlige næringsoptagelse pr. dag følgende: 3. dag 4. dag(b) 24 mice of both sexes (Mus musculus dornesticus) from breeding 15 of captured wild animals weighing between 18 and 32 g of body weight are placed in single cages and subjected to the test described above under (a). After an adaptation phase of approx. 1.5 days, during which the animals increasingly leave the initially preferred soft feed in favor of the bait form in block form, constitutes the average nutrient uptake per day. day following: 3rd day 4th day
Lokkemad i blokform:blødt foder 4,0:1,1 g 4,0:0,7 gBait in block form: soft feed 4.0: 1.1 g 4.0: 0.7 g
DK 16 O 7 a O BDK 16 O 7 and O B
nn
Biologisk eksempel 2 1) 100 g af en vandig dispersion af polyvinylacetat og butylacrylat (Vinavil 91 C 50; Montedison) blandes inten-5 sivt med i hvert tilfælde 800 g a) hele havrekorn, der er præpareret med 0,01% 2,4,6-tribrom-N-methyl-2’,4'-dinitro-6'-trifluormethyldiphenyl-amin (Bromethalin) (lokkemad A), b) knust majs, der er præpareret med 0,01% 10 2,4,6-tribrom-N-methyl-2',4’-dinitro-6'-trifluormethyldi- phenylamin (Bromethalin) (lokkemad B), c) hele havrekorn, der er præpareret med 0,005% 3-[3- (4'-brombiphenyl-4-yl-3-hydroxy-l-phenylpropyl)-4-hydr-oxycumarin (Bromadiolon) (lokkemad C), 15 d) knust ris, der er præpareret med 0,005% 3-[3-(4'-brombiphenyl-4-yl)-3-hydroxy-1-phenylpropyl ]-4-hydroxy-cumarin (Bromadiolon) (lokkemad D) e) hele hvedekorn, der er præpareret med 0,005% 3-[3-(4-brombiphenyl-4-yl)-3-hydroxy-l-phenylpropyl ]-4-hydroxy- 20 cumarin (Bromadiolon) (lokkemad E), eller f) hele hvedekorn, der er præpareret med 0,03% 3-(or-ace-tonyl-4-chlorbenzyl)-4-hydroxycumarin (Cumachlor) (lokkemad F), og de således opnåede blandinger formes til lokkemads-25 blokke med en vægt på 35 g ved, at de fyldes i forme og tørres ved stuetemperatur.Biological Example 2 1) 100 g of an aqueous dispersion of polyvinyl acetate and butyl acrylate (Vinavil 91 C 50; Montedison) is intensively mixed in each case with 800 g) of whole oat grains prepared with 0.01% 2.4 6-tribromo-N-methyl-2 ', 4'-dinitro-6'-trifluoromethyl diphenylamine (Bromethalin) (bait A), b) crushed corn prepared with 0.01% 2.4 tribromo-N-methyl-2 ', 4'-dinitro-6'-trifluoromethyl diphenylamine (Bromethalin) (bait B), c) whole oat grains prepared with 0.005% 3- [3- (4'-bromobiphenyl) 4-yl-3-hydroxy-1-phenylpropyl) -4-hydroxycoumarin (Bromadiolone) (bait C), 15 d) crushed rice prepared with 0.005% 3- [3- (4'-bromobiphenyl-4) -yl) -3-hydroxy-1-phenylpropyl] -4-hydroxy-coumarin (Bromadiolone) (bait D) e) Whole grain prepared with 0.005% 3- [3- (4-bromobiphenyl-4-yl) 3-hydroxy-1-phenylpropyl] -4-hydroxycoumarin (Bromadiolone) (bait E), or f) whole wheat grains prepared with 0.03% 3- (octonetyl-4-chlorobenzyl) ) -4-hydr oxycumarin (Cumachlor) (bait F), and the mixtures thus obtained are molded into bait blocks with a weight of 35 g by being filled into molds and dried at room temperature.
Forsøgsrotter får her tilbudt en slags lokkemadsblok sammen med normalfoder i sådanne mængder, at det frie fodervalg er sikret over hele forsøgets varighed. Der 30 anvendes 12 rotter til hvert enkelt forsøg. De i hvert tilfælde spiste mængder bloklokkemad og standardfoder angives nedenfor i % af den samlede spiste mængde:Experimental rats are offered a kind of bait block together with normal feed in such quantities that the free choice of feed is ensured over the entire duration of the experiment. Twelve rats are used for each trial. The quantities of block food and standard foods eaten in each case are given below in% of the total quantity eaten:
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12 Næringsoptagelse i % af den samlede mængde12 Nutrient absorption in% of total quantity
5 Blok- Blok- Standardlokkemad lokkemad foder M i %/D5 Block- Block- Standard bait bait feed M in% / D
A 76 24 100/1-2 B 74 26 100/1-2 10 C 55 45 100/3-4 D 66 34 100/3-4 E 67 33 100/3-4 F 74 26 75/5 15 M = dødelighed D = dage fra fodringens begyndelseA 76 24 100 / 1-2 B 74 26 100 / 1-2 10 C 55 45 100 / 3-4 D 66 34 100 / 3-4 E 67 33 100 / 3-4 F 74 26 75/5 15 M = mortality D = days from the beginning of feeding
De ovenstående resultater viser, at blok-lokkemaden ifølge opfindelsen foretrækkes stærkt frem for standardfoder, og at rodenticidernes giftvirkning bevares.The above results show that the block bait of the invention is strongly preferred over standard feed and that the toxic effect of rodenticides is maintained.
20 b) I Malaysia forsynes rotteangrebne kakaoplantager på hver 5 ha med lokkemad, der er fremstillet ved den ovenfor for lokkemad C beskrevne fremgangsmåde, men med knust majs i stedet for havrekorn. Hertil anbringes en lokkemadsblok i den udhulede halvdel af en kokosnød ved 25 foden af hvert fjerde kakaotræ.(B) In Malaysia, rat-infested cocoa plantations on every 5 hectares are provided with bait prepared by the procedure described above for bait C but with crushed corn instead of oat grain. To this end, a bait block is placed in the hollowed out half of a coconut at the foot of every four cocoa trees.
Nye forsyninger med friske lokkemadsblokke sker på den 5., 10. og 15. dag. Antallet af beskadigede kakaofrugter bestemmes ved behandlingens begyndelser og derpå efter 7, 24, 37, 52, 65, 78 og 94 dage, og heraf beregnes den 30 procentiske beskyttelsesvirkning i sammenligning med ubehandlede kontroller. Resultaterne fremgår af den følgende tabel: 13New supplies of fresh bait blocks will be on the 5th, 10th and 15th day. The number of damaged cocoa fruits is determined at the beginning of treatment and then after 7, 24, 37, 52, 65, 78 and 94 days, of which the 30% protective effect is calculated in comparison with untreated controls. The results are shown in the following table:
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% Beskyttelses-Dag virkning 5 7. 62 24. 76 37. 81 52. 63 65. 61 10 78. 26 94. 37% Protection Day Effect 5 7. 62 24. 76 37. 81 52. 63 65. 61 10 78. 26 94. 37
Resultaterne viser, at der også kan opnås en særdeles god beskyttelsesvirkning under gunstige klimatiske forhold, 15 og at en ikke uvæsentlig virkning også består efter 3 måneder. Dette er særlig overraskende i betragtning af den kendsgerning, at der ved nedgang i rottebestanden på et areal meget hurtigt sker en tilvandring af rotter fra omgivelserne.The results show that a very good protective effect can also be obtained under favorable climatic conditions, 15 and that a non-significant effect also persists after 3 months. This is particularly surprising given the fact that the decline in rat population in an area very quickly causes the migration of rats from the environment.
Claims (18)
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH119782 | 1982-02-26 | ||
| CH119782 | 1982-02-26 |
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| DK91683A DK91683A (en) | 1983-08-27 |
| DK160788B true DK160788B (en) | 1991-04-22 |
| DK160788C DK160788C (en) | 1991-10-07 |
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| DK091683A DK160788C (en) | 1982-02-26 | 1983-02-25 | RODENTICID LURE IN THE FORM OF STOCK BLOCKS, PROCEDURE FOR PREPARING THEM AND ITS APPLICATION FOR THE FIGHT AGAINST GODS |
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| JP (1) | JPS58157701A (en) |
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| BG (1) | BG41992A3 (en) |
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| DE3444045C2 (en) * | 1984-12-03 | 1986-10-02 | Walter 6000 Frankfurt Röder | Guide device for a laser beam for three-dimensional workpiece processing |
| DE3511121A1 (en) * | 1985-03-27 | 1986-10-02 | René 7752 Reichenau Donnet | FLOATING POISON LITTER FOR RODENTS AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF AND PARTICLES CONTAINED IN THE POISON LITTLE, WITH A COATING |
| AU631129B2 (en) * | 1988-06-17 | 1992-11-19 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Pesticidal compositions |
| FR2652501B1 (en) * | 1989-10-02 | 1992-01-10 | Rhone Merieux | THERAPEUTIC ELEMENTS FOR THE ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF A DRUG TO ANIMALS AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE. |
| IT1391202B1 (en) * | 2008-08-06 | 2011-11-18 | Mayer Braun Deutschland S R L | RUCKLING EYE AND ITS USE. |
| WO2014064272A1 (en) | 2012-10-26 | 2014-05-01 | Basf Se | Wax-free rodenticidal bait block |
| AU2015226404B2 (en) * | 2014-03-04 | 2018-07-12 | BASF Agro B.V. | Wax-free rodent block bait with styrene-acrylate binder |
| ITUA20164617A1 (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2017-12-23 | Dr Tezza S R L | NEW AGGLOMERATE RODENTICIDE COMPOSITIONS |
| CN113575616A (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2021-11-02 | 章荣彬 | Attractant for small animals in airport and preparation method thereof |
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| DE1146695B (en) * | 1960-08-03 | 1963-04-04 | Geigy Ag J R | Poison bait for rodents |
| FR2288464A1 (en) * | 1974-10-21 | 1976-05-21 | Cabrol Lucien | Rodenticide compositions - containing bait, poison, and expanded polystyrene beads |
| FR2331285A1 (en) * | 1975-11-17 | 1977-06-10 | Lipha | NEW RODENTICIDE COMPOSITIONS |
| JPS5943921B2 (en) * | 1979-03-12 | 1984-10-25 | 日東電工株式会社 | Method for manufacturing disintegration-resistant solid rodenticide |
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1983
- 1983-02-21 DE DE8383810076T patent/DE3367500D1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-02-21 EP EP83810076A patent/EP0088051B1/en not_active Expired
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- 1983-02-26 EG EG130/83A patent/EG16458A/en active
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1986
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| GB2115698B (en) | 1985-07-03 |
| GB8304815D0 (en) | 1983-03-23 |
| ZW5083A1 (en) | 1983-09-14 |
| BG41992A3 (en) | 1987-09-15 |
| ES8403277A1 (en) | 1984-04-01 |
| DE3367500D1 (en) | 1987-01-02 |
| JPS58157701A (en) | 1983-09-19 |
| PH19074A (en) | 1985-12-17 |
| ES520113A0 (en) | 1984-04-01 |
| CA1184486A (en) | 1985-03-26 |
| GR78115B (en) | 1984-09-26 |
| DK91683D0 (en) | 1983-02-25 |
| IL67991A0 (en) | 1983-06-15 |
| DD207141A5 (en) | 1984-02-22 |
| DK160788C (en) | 1991-10-07 |
| AU1184383A (en) | 1983-09-01 |
| EP0088051A1 (en) | 1983-09-07 |
| MY8600345A (en) | 1986-12-31 |
| HU201216B (en) | 1990-10-28 |
| BR8300915A (en) | 1983-11-16 |
| ZA831297B (en) | 1983-11-30 |
| GB2115698A (en) | 1983-09-14 |
| DK91683A (en) | 1983-08-27 |
| IE54723B1 (en) | 1990-01-17 |
| EP0088051B1 (en) | 1986-11-12 |
| AU562356B2 (en) | 1987-06-11 |
| MA19730A1 (en) | 1983-10-01 |
| ATE23418T1 (en) | 1986-11-15 |
| IE830404L (en) | 1983-08-26 |
| EG16458A (en) | 1989-06-30 |
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