DK156600B - DEFINITION CIRCUIT WITH CUSHION CORRECTION FOR A TELEVISION SCREEN - Google Patents
DEFINITION CIRCUIT WITH CUSHION CORRECTION FOR A TELEVISION SCREEN Download PDFInfo
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- DK156600B DK156600B DK528276AA DK528276A DK156600B DK 156600 B DK156600 B DK 156600B DK 528276A A DK528276A A DK 528276AA DK 528276 A DK528276 A DK 528276A DK 156600 B DK156600 B DK 156600B
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- deflection
- horizontal
- circuit
- vertical
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N3/00—Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages
- H04N3/10—Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages by means not exclusively optical-mechanical
- H04N3/16—Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages by means not exclusively optical-mechanical by deflecting electron beam in cathode-ray tube, e.g. scanning corrections
- H04N3/22—Circuits for controlling dimensions, shape or centering of picture on screen
- H04N3/23—Distortion correction, e.g. for pincushion distortion correction, S-correction
- H04N3/233—Distortion correction, e.g. for pincushion distortion correction, S-correction using active elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N3/00—Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages
- H04N3/10—Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages by means not exclusively optical-mechanical
- H04N3/16—Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages by means not exclusively optical-mechanical by deflecting electron beam in cathode-ray tube, e.g. scanning corrections
- H04N3/22—Circuits for controlling dimensions, shape or centering of picture on screen
- H04N3/23—Distortion correction, e.g. for pincushion distortion correction, S-correction
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Details Of Television Scanning (AREA)
- Video Image Reproduction Devices For Color Tv Systems (AREA)
Description
1 DK 156600 B1 DK 156600 B
Opfindelsen angâr et afb0jningskredsl0b for et fjernsynsbil-ledr0r, hvilket kredsl0b er af den i krav l's indledning angivne art.The invention relates to a deflection circuit for a television car guide, which circuit is of the kind specified in the preamble of claim 1.
Det er kendt inden for denne teknik, at sideværts eller "0st-vest" pudeforvrængning af rasteret i et billedr0r, som f.eks. anvendt i en fjernsynsmodtager, kan fjernes i stor udstrækning ved at modulere den vandrette afb0jningsstr0ms amplitude gennem de vandrette afb0jningsspoler med en i hovedsagen parabelformet str0mkomponent med en til den lodrette afs0gningstakt svarende frekvens. I almindelighed er den 0nskede modulation blevet opnâet ved hjælp af passive kredse, idet en styrevikling eller primær-vikling i en mættelig induktor eller transformator (transduktor) tilf0res energi med lodret afb0jningstakt, mens en sekundærvik-lincr forbindes med den vandrette afbdininassDole. Den vandretteIt is known in the art that lateral or "east-west" cushion distortion of the screen in an image tube, such as e.g. used in a television receiver can be largely removed by modulating the amplitude of the horizontal deflection current through the horizontal deflection coils with a substantially parabolic current component having a frequency corresponding to the vertical scanning rate. In general, the desired modulation has been obtained by passive circuits, in which a control winding or primary winding of a saturable inductor or transformer (transducer) is supplied with vertical deflection rate, while a secondary winding is connected to the horizontal deflection Dole. The horizontal
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2 afb0jningsstr0ms amplitude moduleres af den lodrette afb0jningsstr0m pâ en sâdan mâde, at rasterets bredde formindskes 0verst og nederst.2, the amplitude of the deflection current is modulated by the vertical deflection current in such a way as to reduce the width of the grid at the top and bottom.
En anden kendt anordning til korrektion af sidepudeforvræng-ning omfatter en kondensator, der er parallelforbundet med den lodrette afb0jningsspole. Som det er omtalt i den sidel0bende danske patentans0gning nr. 683/76 under benævnelsen lodret afb0jningskreds-10b, oplades kondensatoren fra den vandrette tilbagel0bsimpuls under styring af koblere. Bade i de passive transduktorkredse og i den koblerstyrede lodrette afb0jningskreds if0lge ovennævnte an-s0gning opnâs en korrektion af sidepudeforvrængningen ved at be-laste de vandrette afb0jningsorganers h0jspændingstransformator under det vandrette tilbagel0bsinterval. Med henblik pâ opnâelse af en rigtigt formet korrektion af sidepudeforvrængningen, moduleres bêlastningen af h0jspændingstransformatoren ved en til den lodrette afb0jningstakt svarende frekvens, f.eks. af den lodrette afb0jningsstr0m. Pâ denne mâde indtræder den maksiraale belastning 0verst og nederst i billedet, mens den minimale belastning indtræder midt pâ billedet.Another known device for the correction of side cushion distortion comprises a capacitor parallel to the vertical deflection coil. As discussed in the accompanying Danish patent application No. 683/76 under the term vertical deflection circuit 10b, the capacitor is charged from the horizontal reflux pulse under the control of couplers. Both in the passive transducer circuits and in the coupler controlled vertical deflection circuit according to the above application, a correction of the side cushion distortion is achieved by loading the high deflection transformer of the horizontal deflection means during the horizontal reflux interval. In order to obtain a properly shaped correction of the side cushion distortion, the peak load of the high voltage transformer is modulated at a frequency corresponding to the vertical deflection rate, e.g. of the vertical deflection current. In this way, the maximum load occurs at the top and bottom of the image, while the minimum load occurs at the center of the image.
Den variable belastning af den vandrette tilbagel0bsim-puls ved en til den lodrette afb0jningstakt svarende frekvens be-virker, at der opstâr en yderligere pudeforvrængning, der betegnes som indvendig pudeforvrængning for at skelne den fra den udvendige eller perifere pudeforvrængning, som det i reglen er taie om. Denne yderligere pudeforvrængning sker inden i rasteret som f01ge af den tidsmodulation af den vandrette afs0gnings pâbegyndelse, der skyldes belastningen med den til den lodrette afb0jningstakt svarende frekvens. En forlænget varighed af freml0bsintervallet som f0lge af tidsmodulation af den vandrette tilbagel0bsimpuls 0-verst og nederst i den lodrette afs0gning for0ger den del af resonansperioden for afb0jningsspolen og S-korrektionskonden-satoren, som dækker freml0bsintervallet. Sâledes fremkommer den ind-vendige pudeforvrængning i omrâdet mellem midterlinien og billedets yderste venstre og h0jre sider som en utilstrækkelig pudekorrektion.The variable load of the horizontal reflux pulse at a frequency corresponding to the vertical deflection rate causes an additional cushion distortion, which is referred to as inner cushion distortion, to distinguish it from the outer or peripheral cushion distortion, as is usually the case. about. This further cushion distortion occurs within the grid as a result of the time modulation of the horizontal scan onset due to the load at the frequency corresponding to the vertical deflection rate. An extended duration of the flow interval as a result of time modulation of the horizontal return pulse 0-worst and at the bottom of the vertical scan increases the portion of the resonance period of the deflection coil and the S-correction capacitor covering the flow interval. Thus, the internal cushion distortion in the area between the center line and the far left and right sides of the image appears as an insufficient cushion correction.
Mængden af indvendig pudekorrektion afhænger af billed-r0rets geometriske udformning og af hvor meget udvendig pudeforvrængning, der kræver korrektion. Efter fremkomsten af vid-vinkel--billedr0r med store billedskærme har det vist sig, at den ind-vendige pudeforvrængning kan forringe billedkvaliteten i en sâdan grad, at det er n0dvendigt at korrigere den.The amount of interior cushion correction depends on the geometric shape of the image tube and the amount of exterior cushion distortion that requires correction. After the advent of wide-angle picture screens with large screens, it has been found that the internal cushion distortion can impair the picture quality to such an extent that it is necessary to correct it.
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3 I en tidligere kendt anordning til 10sning af problemet med den indvendige pudeforvrængning anvendes der - foruden orga-ner til pudekorrektion af sædvanlig art - en særskilt transduk-tor i sérié med den vandrette afb0jningsspole. Transduktorens styrevikling drives ved hjælp af et signal med en til den lodret-te afb0jningstakt svarende frekvens og modulerer den vandrette afb0jningskreds' induktans for derved at kompensere ændringen i "S-formningen" og derved korrigere den indvendige pudeforvrængning. Denne tidligere 10sning er behæftet med visse ulemper, sâ-som en kritisk dimensionering af transduktoren, dennes tempera-turafhængighed og pris, samt et styreomrâde, der er sâ begrænset, at det ofte er utilstrækkeligt til at kompensere fremstillings-tolerancer.3 In a prior art device for solving the problem of the internal cushion distortion, a separate transducer in series with the horizontal deflection coil is used - in addition to cushion correction of the usual kind. The control winding of the transducer is driven by a signal having a frequency corresponding to the vertical deflection rate and modulates the inductance of the horizontal deflection circuit to compensate for the change in the "S-shape" and thereby correct the internal cushion distortion. This prior art is subject to certain drawbacks such as a critical dimensioning of the transducer, its temperature dependence and price, and a range of control so limited that it is often insufficient to offset manufacturing tolerances.
Det er opfindelsens formai at anvise udformningen af et afb0jningskredsl0b af den i krav l's indledning angivne art, som ikke er behæftet med de ovenfor nævnte ulemper, og dette formai opnâs ved et afb0jningskredsl0b, som if0lge opfindelsen er ejen-dommeligt ved den i krav l*s kendetegnende del angivne udform-ning. Herved opnâs, at impedansorganerne indkobles i sérié med den vandrette afb0jningsspole under tilbagel0bet. Den styrede kobler er ledende i et længere tidsrum ved midten af den lodret-te afs0gning end 0verst og nederst i denne. Pâ denne mâde bliver impedansen i sérié med den vandrette afb0jningsspole under til-bagel0bet st0rre ved midten af den lodrette afs0gning end ved dennes 0verste og nederste dele, hvad der igen medf0rer, at afb0jningstr0mmen under freml0bet bliver st0rre ved midten af den lodrette afb0jning end ved dennes 0verste og nederste dele.It is an object of the invention to provide the design of a deflection circuit of the kind specified in the preamble of claim 1 which is not affected by the above-mentioned drawbacks, and this object is obtained by a deflection circuit which according to the invention is unique in that of claim 1 s characteristic design. Hereby the impedance means are connected in series with the horizontal deflection coil during the reflux. The controlled coupler is conductive for a longer period at the center of the vertical scan than the top and bottom of it. In this way, the impedance in series with the horizontal deflection coil beneath the backbone becomes greater at the center of the vertical scan than at its upper and lower portions, which in turn causes the deflection current during the flow to be greater at the center of the vertical deflection. Upper and lower parts.
Pâ denne mâde forhindres eller formindskes pudeforvrængningen u-den de ovenfor omtalte ulemper.In this way, the cushion distortion is prevented or reduced without the disadvantages mentioned above.
Opfindelsen skal i det f01gende forklares nærmere under henvisning til tegningen, idet fig. 1 skematisk viser et fjernsynsraster med indvendig pudeforvrængning, fig. 2 viser et kombineret blok- og koblingsdiagram for en del af en fjernsynsmodtager, hvori der er anvendt en pudekorrek-tionskreds if0lge opfindelsen, fig. 3 viser spændings- og str0mb01geformer i pudekorrek-tionskredsen if01ge fig. 2 under drift gennem et lodret interval, fig. 4 er et koblingsdiagram for et f0rste udf0relsesek- “ΐΟ^η i- J | A | Λ I , J <| > , , « -BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which 1 is a schematic view of a television screen with internal cushion distortion; FIG. Figure 2 shows a combined block and wiring diagram of a portion of a television receiver using a cushion correction circuit according to the invention; 3 shows voltage and current forms in the cushion correction circuit according to FIG. 2 during operation through a vertical interval; FIG. 4 is a wiring diagram for a first embodiment - "ΐΟ ^ η i- J | A | Λ I, J <| >,, «-
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fig. "5“'er et^kotolingsdiagram-for et andet udf0relseseksem-pel pâ en del af den i fig. 2 viste pudekorrektionskreds.FIG. "5" is a cot plot for another embodiment of a portion of the cushion correction circuit shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 1 belyser indvendig pudeforvrængning, sâledes som den fremkommer pâ et fjernsynsraster under fremvisning af et som hel-hed med 10 betegnet krydsliniem0nster. Krydsliniem0nsterets h0jre og venstre sider afgrænses af lodrette linier 12 og 14. Linierne 12 og 14 er rette, hvad der er et tegn pâ, at rasteret er korrigeret i "0st-vest"-retningen imod udvendig pudeforvrængning pâ en mâde, som skal beskrives nedenfor. Lodrette gitterlinier 16 og 18, som _ ligger mellem rasterets midte og dets sider, er krumme - som det fremgàr af deres afvigelse fra de rette punkterede linier - og viser sâledes, at indvëndig pudef ofvfæhgning'er~ti1 stede.FIG. 1 illustrates internal cushion distortion as it appears on a television grid showing one set of 10 designated cross-line patterns. The right and left sides of the intersection pattern are bounded by vertical lines 12 and 14. Lines 12 and 14 are straight, which is a sign that the grid is corrected in the "east-west" direction against exterior cushion distortion in a manner to be described below. . Vertical lattice lines 16 and 18, which lie between the center of the grid and its sides, are curved - as evidenced by their deviation from the straight dotted lines - and thus show that internal cushions are present.
Fig. 2 viser en fjernsynsmodtagers afb0jningskredse, der om-fatter en synkroniseringssignaludskiller 20, som modtager sammen-satte videosignaler fra den ikke viste videodetektor. Udskilleren 20 skiller de lodrette synkroniseringssignaler fra det sammensat-te videosignal, og f0rer dem til indgangen i en lodret afb0jnings-generator 22. Den lodrette afb0jningsgenerator 22 anvender de lodrette synkroniseringssignaler til at frembringe en lodret afb0j-ningsstr0m for en ikke vist lodret afb0jningsspole, som er forbun-det med generatoren 22's udgangsklemmer Y-Y.FIG. 2 shows a television receiver's deflection circuit comprising a synchronization signal separator 20 which receives composite video signals from the video detector not shown. The separator 20 separates the vertical synchronization signals from the composite video signal and leads them to the input of a vertical deflection generator 22. The vertical deflection generator 22 uses the vertical synchronization signals to produce a vertical deflection stream for a vertical deflection not shown. is connected to the output terminals YY of the generator 22.
Synkroniseringssignaludskilleren 20 udskiller ogsâ vand-rette synkroniseringssignaler fra det sammensatte videosignal og f0rer dem til indgangen i en vandret afb0jningsgenerator 24. Den vandrette af b'0 j ningsgenerator-24 behandler-de vandrette synkroni-seringssignaler pâ en sâdan mâde, at den frembringer en stort set savtandformet str0m gennem den vandrette afb0jningsspole 26. "S-form-ningen" af den vandrette afb0jningsstr0m frembringes af en konden-sator 28, som er serieforbundet med den vandrette afb0jningsspole 26. En spænding i vandret afs0gningstakt, der er vist som en b0lge“ form 34, optræder under driften over den af afb0jningsspolen 26 og S-kondensatoren 28 bestâende seriekombination. En tilbagel0bs-kondensator 13 er forbundet mellem pâ den ene side forbindelses-punktet mellem kondensatoren 28 og den vandrette afb0jningsgenerator 24 og pâ den anden side jord eller et lignende referencepoten-tialT ------- ------ —The synchronization signal separator 20 also separates horizontal synchronous signals from the composite video signal and leads them to the input of a horizontal deflection generator 24. The horizontal of aperture generator 24 processes the horizontal synchronization signals in such a manner that seen sawtooth current through the horizontal deflection coil 26. The "S-shaped" of the horizontal deflection current is produced by a capacitor 28 which is connected in series with the horizontal deflection coil 26. A voltage at the horizontal deflection rate shown as a wave " form 34, during operation occurs over the series combination consisting of the deflection coil 26 and the S capacitor 28. A reflux capacitor 13 is connected between, on the one hand, the connection point between capacitor 28 and the horizontal deflection generator 24 and, on the other hand, ground or a similar reference potential T ------- ------ -
Den vandrette afb0jningsspole 26 er tillige serieforbundet med en pudekorrektionskreds, i det viste udf0relseseksempel nærmere betegnet en indvendig-udvendig pudekorrektionskreds, somThe horizontal deflection coil 26 is also connected in series with a cushion correction circuit, in the illustrated embodiment more particularly an interior-exterior cushion correction circuit which
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5 helhed betegnet med 30, der omfatter en impedanskreds 31 og en kobler 40. Impedanskredsen 31 omfatter en f0rste klemme 32c, soin gennem en ledning 27 er forbundet med den vandrette afb0jnings-spole 26, en nederste vikling 32b, der er indkoblet i en f0rste gren mellem den f0rste klemme 32c og jord, en tredje klemme 37, samt en koblingskreds, der omfatter en kondensator 36 og en 0ver-ste vikling 32a, indkoblet i en anden gren mellem den f0rste klemme 32c og den tredje klemme 37. Den f0rste klemme eller udtaget 32c deler induktoren 32 i de to magnetisk sammenkoblede 0verste og nederste viklinger 32a henholdsvis 32b. Til viklingerne 32a og 32b h0rer der en spredningsinduktion, der bevirker en afkob-ling af disse viklinger, sâ at str0mme med forskellige b0lgeformer kan flyde fra udtaget 32c gennem viklingerne. Modstanden 33 har en h0j modstandsværdi, og dæmper transformatoren 32 for at forhindre u0nskede svingninger.5 wholly denoted by 30 comprising an impedance circuit 31 and a coupler 40. The impedance circuit 31 comprises a first terminal 32c, connected through a conduit 27 connected to the horizontal deflection coil 26, a lower winding 32b connected in a first a branch between the first terminal 32c and ground, a third terminal 37, and a coupling circuit comprising a capacitor 36 and a top coil 32a, connected in a second branch between the first terminal 32c and the third terminal 37. The first terminal or outlet 32c divides the inductor 32 into the two magnetically coupled upper and lower windings 32a and 32b, respectively. The windings 32a and 32b include a scattering induction which causes a decoupling of these windings so that currents of different waveforms can flow from the outlet 32c through the windings. Resistor 33 has a high resistance value and dampens transformer 32 to prevent unwanted oscillations.
En som helhed med 40 betegnet styrbar kobler er seriefor-bundet med den gren i impedanskredsen 31, der indeholder konden-satoren 36. Denne styrbare kobler er en tovejs thyristordiodekob-ler., der omfatter en diode 42, som er forbundet i anti-parallel med en thyristor 44. Kobleren 40 kan udg0res af en integreret thy-ristor-ensretter (ITR). Katoden i dioden 42 og anoden i thyristoren 44 er forbundet med hinanden og med kondensatoren 36, mens anoden i dioden 42 er forbundet med katoden i thyristoren 44, og begge er forbundet med et referencepotential.A unit of 40 designated controllable coupler is connected in series with the branch of impedance circuit 31 containing capacitor 36. This controllable coupler is a two-way thyristor diode coupler comprising a diode 42 connected in anti-parallel with a thyristor 44. Coupler 40 may be an integrated thyristor rectifier (ITR). The cathode of the diode 42 and the anode of the thyristor 44 are connected to each other and to the capacitor 36, while the anode of the diode 42 is connected to the cathode of the thyristor 44, and both are connected to a reference potential.
En koblerstyrekreds 46 er forbundet med en udgangsklemme i den vandrette afb0jningsgenerator 24 til modtagelse af synkro-niseringsinformation i den vandrette afb0jningstakt. Denne information er i form af periodiske vandrette tilbagel0bsimpulser, sâledes som det er vist ved 35 i b0lgeformen 34. Koblerstyrekredsen 46 er ogsâ forbundet med en udgangsklemme i den lodrette afb0jnings-generator 22 til modtagelse af lodrette taktsignaler. Koblerstyrekredsen 46 behandler den lodrette og vandrette synkroniseringstakt-information, og frembringer den med 48 betegnede periodiske impuls-række, bestâende af impulser 50, pâ en mâde som skal beskrives ne-denfor. Den periodiske impulsrækkes gentagelsesfrekvens svarer til den lodrette afb0jningstakt.A coupler control circuit 46 is connected to an output terminal of the horizontal deflection generator 24 for receiving synchronization information at the horizontal deflection rate. This information is in the form of periodic horizontal feedback pulses, as shown at 35 in waveform 34. Coupler control circuit 46 is also connected to an output terminal of vertical deflection generator 22 for receiving vertical clock signals. The coupler control circuit 46 processes the vertical and horizontal synchronization rate information, and produces the periodic pulse sequence designated by 48, consisting of pulses 50, in a manner to be described below. The repetition frequency of the periodic pulse sequence corresponds to the vertical deflection rate.
Impulserne 50 optræder under den anden halvdel af hvert vandret afb0jningsimpulsinterval. Bagflanken pâ de enkelte impulser 50 i den periodiske impulsrække 48 indtræder samtidigt medThe pulses 50 occur during the second half of each horizontal deflection pulse interval. The trailing edge of the individual pulses 50 in the periodic pulse series 48 occurs simultaneously
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6 afslutningen af tilbagel0bsimpulsen. Ved begyndelsen af hver periodisk impulsrække 48, hvad der svarer til den 0verste del af den lodrette afs0gning, indtræder forflanken pâ hver impuls 50 u-middelbart f0r bagflanken, sâ at impulserne 50 har en kort varig-hed. Impulser 50, som indtræder efter begyndelsen af den lodrette afs0gning, men inden dennes midtpunkt, har forflanker, som efterhânden ligger tidsmæssigt mere fremskudt i forhold til bag-flankerne. Ved midten af den lodrette afs0gning, svarende til mid-ten af den periodiske impulsrække 48, nærmer forflankerne pâ de enkelte impulser 50 sig til midten- af tilbagel0bsimpulserne 35.6 the end of the return pulse. At the beginning of each periodic pulse row 48, which corresponds to the upper part of the vertical scan, the leading edge of each pulse 50 occurs immediately before the rear edge, so that the pulses 50 have a short duration. Impulses 50, which occur after the beginning of the vertical scan, but before its midpoint, have flanks that gradually become more advanced over time from the rear flanks. At the center of the vertical scan, corresponding to the center of the periodic pulse row 48, the leading edges of the individual pulses 50 approach the center of the reflex pulses 35.
Fra midten til afslutningen af hver impulsrække 48, svarende til midten henholdsvis den nederste del af den lodrette -afs0gning, bliver impulserne 50's forflanker efterhânden forsinket i forhold til tidspunktet for midten af tilbagel0bsimpulserne, indtil der ved den nederste del af den lodrette afs0gning indtræder en mak-simal forsinkelse af forflankerne, og impulserne 50 har igen en kort varighed. Det vil sâledes kunne indses, at impulserne 50 f0rst tiltager i varighed fra begyndelsen til midten af den lodrette af-s0gning, og herfra til afslutningen af den lodrette afs0gning igen aftager i varighed. Den af impulserne 50 bestâende periodiske im- __________pulsrække 48 f0res fra koblerstyrekredsen 46 til portelektroden 45 i thyristoren 44.From the center to the end of each pulse row 48 corresponding to the center and the lower portion of the vertical scan, respectively, the leading edge of the pulses 50 is gradually delayed relative to the time of the center of the reflux pulses until a lower one occurs at the lower portion of the vertical scan. -simal delay of the leading edges, and the pulses 50 again have a short duration. It will thus be appreciated that the pulses 50 first increase in duration from the beginning to the middle of the vertical scan, and from here to the end of the vertical scan again decreases in duration. The periodic pulse sequence 48 of the pulses 50 consisting of the pulses 50 is fed from the coupling control circuit 46 to the gate electrode 45 of the thyristor 44.
Pudekorrektionskredsen 30 omfatter en impedans, hvis st0r-relse varieres ved hjælp af kobleren 40, og som er serieforbundet med afb0jningsspolen 26. Nâr kobleren 40 er afbrudt, udviser pudekorrektionskredsen 30 viklingen 32b's h0je induktive impedans i sérié med afb0jningsspolen. Nâr kobleren 40 er sluttet, udviser kredsen 30 en lav kapacitiv impedans i sérié med afb0jningsspolen 26. Denne anordning medf0rer korrektion af bâde indvendig og ud-vendig pudeforvrængning.The cushion correction circuit 30 comprises an impedance the size of which is varied by means of the coupler 40 and which is connected in series with the deflection coil 26. When the coupler 40 is disconnected, the cushion correction circuit 30 exhibits the high inductive impedance of the coil 32b in series with the deflection. When coupler 40 is connected, circuit 30 exhibits a low capacitive impedance in series with the deflection coil 26. This device causes correction of both internal and external cushion distortion.
Den gennemsnitlige impedans, som pudekorrektionskredsen 30 frembyder over for afb0jningsspolen 26 ved rasterets 0verste og nederste dele, er h0j, da kobleren 40 sluttes forholdsvis sent af impulsen 50. Ved rasterets midte - svarende til midten af det lodrette afs0gningsinterval - er pudekorrektionskredsen 30's gen-nemsnitsimpedans forholdsvis lav, da kobleren 40 sluttes forholdsvis tidligt under den anden halvdel af det vandrette tilbagel0bs-interval.The average impedance presented by the cushion correction circuit 30 to the deflection coil 26 at the upper and lower portions of the raster is high as coupler 40 is terminated relatively late by the pulse 50. At the center of the raster - corresponding to the center of the vertical scan interval - is the cushion correction circuit 30 relatively low, since coupler 40 terminates relatively early during the second half of the horizontal reflux interval.
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Ved rasterets 0verste og nederste dele medf0rer den sene slutning af kobleren 40 under den anden halvdel af det vandret-te tilbagel0bsinterval og den heraf f01gende h0je gennemsnits-impedans i sérié med afb0jningsspolen 26 en formindskelse af af-b0jningsstr0mmen ^g i afb0jningsspolen 26. Dette medf0rer igen en formindsket vandret freml0bslængde 0verst og nederst i ra-steret, dvs. en korrektion imod udvendig pudeforvrængning. Desuden medf0rer den for0gede impedans af afb0jningsspolen 26 i sérié med pudekorrektionskredsen 30 en formindsket bêlastning af den vand-rette tilbagel0bsimpuls. Denne formindskelse i belastningen for-0ger varigheden af den vandrette tilbagel0bsimpuls, hvad der er tilb0jeligt til at kompensere den ændring i "S-formningen", der forârsages af den tidsmodulation af den vandrette tilbagel0bs-impuls, der skyldes de tidligere beskrevne pudekorrektionsanordnin-ger tilh0rende den tidligere teknik. Sâledes vil den variation i pudekorrektionskredsen 30's impedans, der fremtræder ved udtaget 32c, bevirke en korrektion af bâde den indvendige og den udvendige pudeforvrængning.At the upper and lower portions of the grid, the late end of the coupler 40 during the second half of the horizontal reflux interval and the resulting high average impedance in series with the deflection coil 26 results in a decrease of deflection current resulting in deflection 26. a reduced horizontal flow length at the top and bottom of the grid, ie. a correction against exterior cushion distortion. In addition, the increased impedance of the deflection coil 26 in series with the cushion correction circuit 30 results in a diminished load of the water-directed reflux pulse. This decrease in load increases the duration of the horizontal reflux pulse, which tends to compensate for the change in "S-shape" caused by the time modulation of the horizontal reflux pulse due to the previously described cushion correction devices belonging to the prior technique. Thus, the variation in the impedance of the cushion correction circuit 30, which appears at the outlet 32c, will cause a correction of both the internal and the external cushion distortion.
Under den anden halvdel af det vandrette tilbagel0bsinter-val leverer tilbagel0bskondensatoren 13 energi i form af str0m l2g til afb0jningsspolen 26 i sérié med pudekorrektionskredsen 30. Under den del af den anden halvdel af det vandrette tilbage-10bsinterval, hvorunder kobleren 40 er afbrudt, kan ingen str0m flyde i den gren af impedanskredsen 31, der indeholder kondensa-toren 36. Sâledes er den eneste mulige vej for afb0jningsstr0mmen I2g gennem den induktive impedans i viklingen 32b. Dette resulterer i, at en forholdsvis h0j spænding optræder ved udtaget 32c under den anden halvdel af det vandrette tilbagel0bsinterval. I fig.During the second half of the horizontal reflux interval, the reflux capacitor 13 supplies energy in the form of current l2g to the deflection coil 26 in series with the cushion correction circuit 30. During the second half of the horizontal reflux interval during which the coupler 40 is disconnected, no current flowing in the branch of impedance circuit 31 containing the capacitor 36. Thus, the only possible path for the deflection current I2g is through the inductive impedance of the winding 32b. This results in a relatively high voltage occurring at outlet 32c during the second half of the horizontal reflux interval. In FIG.
3e er dette vist med impulsen 56. I det 0jeblik kobleren 40 slut-tes ved at en impuls 50 tilf0res portelektroden 45 i thyristoren 44, falder impedansen ved udtaget 32c pludseligt, mens afb0jnings-str0mmen deler sig med en del, der fortsætter med at flyde gennem viklingen 32b, og resten, der flyder gennem viklingen 32a og kon-densatoren 36 som 13g· Dette fald i impedansen medf0rer et pludseligt fald i spændingen ved udtaget 32c i det 0jeblik den nævnte impuls 50 fremkommer, som det kan ses i fig. 3e af bagflanken pâ impulsen 56 i spændingsb0lgeformen 54 for udtaget 32c.3e, this is shown by pulse 56. As soon as coupler 40 is terminated by impulse 50 being applied to gate electrode 45 of thyristor 44, impedance at outlet 32c decreases suddenly while deflection current divides by a portion which continues to flow. through the winding 32b, and the remainder flowing through the winding 32a and the capacitor 36 as 13g. This decrease in impedance causes a sudden drop in voltage at outlet 32c as the moment mentioned pulse 50 appears, as can be seen in FIG. 3e of the rear flank of the impulse 56 in the voltage waveform 54 of the outlet 32c.
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8 I det 0jeblik kobleren 40 sluttes, begynder str0m at flyde i den gren af impedanskredsen 31, soin indeholder kondensatoren 36.8 As soon as coupler 40 is connected, current begins to flow in the branch of impedance circuit 31, which contains capacitor 36.
Str0mmen I0, fortsætter med at vokse under resten af den anden o b halvdel af det vandrette tilbagel0bsinterval. Da kobleren 40 sluttes forholdsvis sent ved rasterets 0verste og nederste dele sammenlignet med dets midte, er str0mmen I^g ved afslutningen af det vandrette tilbagel0bsinterval mindre ved rasterets 0verste og nederste dele end ved dettes midte. Som f01ge heraf flyder der mere* af afb0jningsstr0mmen ^g i den gren af impedanskredsen 31, der indeholder kondensatoren 36, ved midten af rasteret end ved dettes top og bund. Dette kan ses af fig. 3f, hvori den ven-stre og h0jre side af b01geformen svarer til rasterets 0verste hen-holdsvis nederste del.The current I0, continues to grow during the remainder of the second half of the horizontal reflux interval. Since coupler 40 terminates relatively late at the upper and lower portions of the screen compared to its center, at the end of the horizontal reflux interval, the current 1g is less at the upper and lower portions of the screen than at its center. As a result, more * of the deflection current θ g in the branch of the impedance circuit 31 containing the capacitor 36 flows at the center of the grid than at its top and bottom. This can be seen in FIG. 3f, in which the left and right sides of the letterform correspond to the upper and lower parts of the grid, respectively.
Pâ grund af den kobling mellem afb0jningsstr0mmen og kondensatorstr0mmen I^g, ^er tüskrives transformatoren 32, vil afb0jningsstr0mmen ^g og kondensatorstr0mmen i^g vokse og af-tage i takt under frémi0bsintervallet. Imidlertid bestemmes de relative st0rrelser af I2g og I^g under freml0bsintervallet af kobleren 40's sluttetid under tilbagel0bet. Pâ grund af koblingen mellem str0mmen og str0mmen I^g falder kondensatorstr0mmen I^g til nul ved midten af.. det vandrette freml0bsinterval og begynder at tiltage i negativ retning under den anden halvdel af det vandrette freml0bsinterval. Under den anden halvdel af det vandrette freml0bsinterval leder dioden 42 i kobleren '40 str0mmen I^g, og thyristoren 44 er spærret. Ved afslutningen af det vandrette frémi0bsinterval falder afb0jningsstr0mmen og str0mmen I^g i kondensatoren 36 til nul, sâledes som det kan ses ved at sammenligne afb0jningsstr0mmens b0lgeform 58 i fig. 3g med str0m-men I^g i fig. 3f. Dioden 42 spærrer, og thyristoren 44 er spærret, da der ikke tilf0res nogen portâbningsimpulser, sa kobleren 40 er afbrudt under den f0rste halvdel af det vandrette frem-10bsinterval som forberedelse til en ny cyklus.Because of the coupling between the deflection current and the capacitor current I ^ g, when the transformer 32 is written, the deflection current ^ g and the capacitor current i ^ g will grow and decrease in step during the frame interval. However, the relative sizes of I₂g and I gg during the flow interval are determined by the end time of coupler 40 during reflux. Due to the coupling between the current and the current I ^ g, the capacitor current I ^ g drops to zero at the center of the horizontal flow interval and begins to decrease in the negative direction during the second half of the horizontal flow interval. During the second half of the horizontal supply interval, the diode 42 of the coupler '40 conducts the current I ^ g and the thyristor 44 is blocked. At the end of the horizontal spring interval, the deflection current and current Ic in the capacitor 36 drop to zero, as can be seen by comparing the deflection waveform 58 in FIG. 3g with the flow 1 µg of FIG. 3f. The diode 42 locks and the thyristor 44 is blocked since no gate opening pulses are applied, so coupler 40 is disconnected during the first half of the horizontal forward interval in preparation for a new cycle.
Kondensatoren 36 star i sérié med den del I^g af afb0j-ningsstr0mmen 1^^ under hele freml0bsintervallet. Kondensatoren 36 bevirker en S-korrektion af str0mmen I3g· Don mængde af yder-" ligëre S-korrektion af afb0jningsstr0mmen, der bevirkes af kondensatoren 3.6, afhænger af forholdet mellem kondensatorstr0mmen I^g og afb0jningsstr0mmen. Ved rasterets 0verste og nederste dele er kondensatorstr0mmen I^g forholdsvis lille, pâ grund af den se-The capacitor 36 starts in series with the part Ig of the deflection current 1 ^^ during the entire supply interval. Capacitor 36 produces an S-correction of current I3g · The amount of additional "S-correction of deflection current caused by capacitor 3.6 depends on the ratio of capacitor current Ig to deflection current at the upper and lower parts of the grid. ^ g relatively small, owing to the se-
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9 ne slutning af kobleren 40. Sorti f0lge heraf bevirker kondensatoren 36 en mindre S-korrektion af afb0jningsstr0mmen 0verst og ne-derst i rasteret end i midten, hvor den tidlige slutning af kobleren 40 tillader en st0rre str0m at flyde i kondensatoren 36.9, the capacitor 36 causes a smaller S-correction of the deflection current at the top and bottom of the grid than at the center, where the early end of the coupler 40 allows a larger current to flow in the capacitor 36.
Som det fremgâr af b0lgeformen 60 i fig. 3g, tilvejebringer sâ-ledes styringen af kobleren 40 en variation i S-korrektion som en funktion af den lodrette afs0gning.As can be seen from the waveform 60 in FIG. 3g, the control of coupler 40 thus provides a variation in S-correction as a function of vertical scanning.
En justering af kondensatoren 36's st0rrelse bestemmer ar-ten af den tilvejebragte S-korrektion. Dersom kondensatoren 36 ind-stilles sâledes, at kondensatorstr0mmen I^g far den samme frekvens som afb0jningsstr0mmen i2g, vil pudekorrektionskredsen 30 for-stærke sin korrektionsvirkning pâ udvendig pudeforvrængning. Dersom kondensatoren 36 g0res mindre, sâ at kondensatorstr0mmen I_,An adjustment of the size of capacitor 36 determines the nature of the S correction provided. If the capacitor 36 is set such that the capacitor current I g exceeds the same frequency as the deflection current I2, the cushion correction circuit 30 will enhance its correction effect on external cushion distortion. If the capacitor 36 is reduced so that the capacitor current I_,
Jb indenolder komposanter med h0jere frekvens end afb0jningsstr0mmen I2g, tilvejebringes indvendig pudekorrektion. Kondensatoren 36 kan ikke g0res vilkârligt lille, da pudeforvrængningen i sâ fald vil begynde at blive ledsaget af billedkompression ved den ydre Unie eller til venstre i rasteret. Denne billedkompression begynder at optræde, nâr den vinkel, hvorunder kondensatorstr0mmen I^g ledes under frémi0bsinterva11et, er omtrent 220°, hvad der svarer til en frekvens pâ omtrent 12 kHz.Jb enters components of higher frequency than the deflection current I2g, internal cushion correction is provided. The capacitor 36 cannot be rendered arbitrarily small, as the cushion distortion will then begin to be accompanied by image compression at the outer union or at the left of the grid. This image compression begins to occur when the angle at which the capacitor current I g is conducted during the frame interval is about 220 °, which corresponds to a frequency of about 12 kHz.
En specielt fordelagtig udformning af pudekorrektionskredsen 30 opnâs ved at udforme udtaget 32c som et midterudtag pâ trans-formatoren 32. Ved denne udformning vil impedansen ved udtaget 32c, nâr kobleren 40 er sluttet, være reaktansen af kondensatoren 36 i sérié med spredningsinduktansen af transformatoren 32, idet der sker en betydelig udligning af fluxen i viklingerne 32a og 32b. I virkeligheden fremtræder kondensatoren 36's reaktans i sérié med af-b0jningsspolen 26 under freml0bsintervallet med en tilsyneladende st0rrelse, der er bestemt af den tid, kobleren 40 er ledende.A particularly advantageous design of the cushion correction circuit 30 is obtained by designing the outlet 32c as a center outlet of the transformer 32. In this embodiment, the impedance at the outlet 32c, when the coupler 40 is closed, will be the reactance of the capacitor 36 in series with the spreading inductance of the transformer 32. with a significant equalization of the flux in the windings 32a and 32b. In fact, the reactance of the capacitor 36 appears in series with the deflection coil 26 during the supply interval, with an apparent magnitude determined by the time the coupler 40 is conducting.
André udformninger af impedanskredsen 31 vil ogsâ medf0re en korrektion af pudeforvrængningen. Korrektion af udvendig pudeforvrængning kan opnâs ved at anvende en impedanskreds, der bestâr af en impedans sâsom en modstand, induktor eller kondensator, der er forbundet mellem den f0rste klemme 32c og den anden klemme (jord) og serieforbundet med afb0jningsspolen, samt parallelforbundet med en direkte forbindelse fra den f0rste klemme 32c til den tredje klemme 37 og en kobler 40 som beskrevet. Desuden kunne der anbrin-ges en yderligere impedans i sérié mellem den f0rstë og den tred-André designs of impedance circuit 31 will also cause a correction of the cushion distortion. Correction of external cushion distortion can be achieved by using an impedance circuit consisting of an impedance such as a resistor, inductor or capacitor connected between the first terminal 32c and the second terminal (ground) and the series connected to the deflection coil, as well as directly connected to it. connecting from the first terminal 32c to the third terminal 37 and a coupler 40 as described. In addition, a further impedance could be placed in series between the first and the third.
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10 og/eller undgâ energitab. Som et yderligere alternativ kan den yder-ligere impedans - som i impedanskredsen 31 - omfatte to impedanser, nemlig en induktor og en kondensator.10 and / or avoid energy loss. As a further alternative, the additional impedance - as in the impedance circuit 31 - may comprise two impedances, namely an inductor and a capacitor.
Fig. 4 viser skematisk et kredsl0b, der kan anvendes som koblerstyrekreds 46 i forbindelse med et sædvanligt lodret afb0j-ningssystem. Kredsen 46 sammenligner en parabel med lodret afb0j-ningstakt med en savtandkurve med vandret afb0jningstakt, og frem-bringer herved den periodiske impulsrække 48 med impulser 50, som tidsmæssigt skrider frem under den f0rste halvdel af det lodrette freml0bsinterval, og som skrider tilbage under den anden halvdel, med henblik pâ overf0rsel til den i fig. 2 viste portelektrode 45 i kobleren 40. _________ .FIG. 4 schematically shows a circuit which can be used as coupler control circuit 46 in connection with a conventional vertical deflection system. The circuit 46 compares a vertical deflection rate parabola to a horizontal deflection sawtooth curve, thereby generating the periodic pulse row 48 with pulses 50, which progresses temporarily during the first half of the vertical flow interval and progresses during the second half, for transfer to the one shown in FIG. 2 shows gate electrode 45 in coupler 40. _________.
Den lodrette afb0jningsgenerator 22 omfatter en klasse B push-pull lodret afb0jningsforstærker 106 og pudekorrektionskredse 108 for den lodrette afb0jningsspole og for top-til-bund-forl0bet, som er sériéforbundet med en afb0jningsspolekondensator 110 og en str0mf0lemodstand 112. En tilbagekoblingsvej er indkoblet mellem forbindelsespunktet mellem kondensatoren 110 og modstanden 112 og afb0jningsforstærkeren 106.The vertical deflection generator 22 comprises a class B push-pull vertical deflection amplifier 106 and cushion correction circuits 108 for the vertical deflection coil and for the top-to-bottom circuit, which is connected in particular to a deflection coil connector capacitor 110 and a current coil resistor 112 resistor. capacitor 110 and resistor 112 and deflection amplifier 106.
Under driften fremkommer der pâ kendt mâde en parabelfor-met spænding med lodret afb0jningstakt over kondensatoren 110 og modstanden 112. Denne parabel med lodret afb0jningstakt tilf0res basiselektroden i en transistor 104 i koblerstyrekredsen 46 ved hjælp af en pudeamplitudereguleringsmodstand 114 og en modstand 116.In operation, a parabola-shaped voltage with a vertical deflection rate across capacitor 110 and resistor 112 is known in the art. This parabola with vertical deflection rate is applied to the base electrode of a transistor 104 in the coupling control circuit 46 by means of a pad amplitude regulation resistor 114 and a resistor.
Vandrette tilbagel0bsimpulser 35 tilf0res basiselektroden i en transistor 102 i en differentialforstærker 100 -fra den vandrette afb0jningsforstærker ved hjælp af en diode 118 og en modstand 120. Basiselektroden i transistoren 102 er ogsâ forbundet med en savtanddannende kondensator 122 og en lademodstand 124 ved hjælp af en sokkeldannende (eng. "pedestal forming") modstand 126.Horizontal feedback pulses 35 are applied to the base electrode of a transistor 102 in a differential amplifier 100 from the horizontal deflection amplifier by means of a diode 118 and a resistor 120. The base electrode of the transistor 102 is also connected to a sawtooth capacitor 122 and a charging resistor 124 by a (pedestal forming) resistance 126.
Under driften og under det vandrette freml0bsinterval er di-oden H8.1edende, hvorved den holder transistoren 102 ledende og kondensatoren 122 under udladning. Transistoren 104 er ikke-ledende pâ grund af forspændingen fra en modstand 128. Nâr nu transistoren 104 er ikke-ledende, fremkommer der over en modstand 130 ingen spænding til at f0res gennem emitterf0lgertransistoren 132 til portelektroden 45 i thyristoren 44.During operation and during the horizontal supply interval, the diode H8 is conductive, thereby holding the transistor 102 conductive and the capacitor 122 under discharge. The transistor 104 is non-conductive due to the bias of a resistor 128. Now that the transistor 104 is non-conductive, no resistance is obtained across a resistor 130 through the emitter follower transistor 132 to the gate electrode 45 of the thyristor 44.
Under det vandrette tilbagel0bsinterval g0res dioden 118 ikke-ledende af de positivt forl0bende spændinqsimpulser, som til-During the horizontal feedback interval, the diode 118 is rendered nonconductive by the positive-running voltage pulses which
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11 f0res diodens katode. Dette afbryder udladningsvejen for konden-satoren 122, soin nu begynder at lades, sâledes som det kan ses af spændingsb0lgeformen 133 i fig. 3b. Endvidere standser den konstan-te str0m gennem modstanden 126 pâ grund af dioden 118's ikke-leden-de tilstand, og transistoren 102's basisspænding stlger pludseligt. Fig. 3c viser de som helhed med 134 betegnede spændingsimpulser, som under den vandrette tilbagel0bsperiode optræder ved basis-elektroden i transistoren 102. Hver enkelt spændingsimpuls bestâr af en af modstanden 126 frembragt sokkel og en ovenpa denne anbragt rampe, der er fremkommet ved opladningen af kondensatoren 122 gennem modstanden 124. Sâledes udg0r det af dioden 118, modstandene 120, 124 og 126 og kondensatoren 122 bestâende aggregat en "rampe--pâ-sokkel"-impulsgenerator.11, the cathode of the diode is introduced. This interrupts the discharge path of the capacitor 122, which is now starting to charge, as can be seen by the voltage waveform 133 in FIG. 3b. Further, the constant current stops through the resistor 126 due to the non-conducting state of the diode 118, and the base voltage of the transistor 102 suddenly increases. FIG. 3c, they show, as a whole, 134 designated voltage pulses which occur during the horizontal reflux period at the base electrode of transistor 102. Each voltage pulse consists of a socket produced by resistor 126 and a ramp disposed thereon which is produced by charging capacitor 122. through the resistor 124. Thus, the diode 118, resistors 120, 124 and 126 and capacitor 122 constitute an "ramp-on-socket" pulse generator.
Fig. 3c viser ogsâ en flad parabel 136, som repræsenterer den spænding, som basiselektroden i transistoren 104 i differential-forstærkeren 100 modtager fra den lodrette afb0jningsgenerator 22. Parabelen 136 skærer rampe-delene pâ impulserne 134. Nâr parabelen 13( er mere negativ end de til basiselektroden i transistoren 102 til-f0rte impulser 134, vil transistoren 104 blive ledende og afgive en udgangsimpuls til thyristoren 44 gennem emitterf0lgeren 132. Nâr parabelen 136 er mere positiv end impulserne 134, er der ikke noget udgangssignal til thyristoren 44.FIG. 3c also shows a flat parabola 136 representing the voltage received by the base electrode of transistor 104 in differential amplifier 100 from vertical deflection generator 22. Parabella 136 intersects the ramp portions of pulses 134. When parabola 13 (is more negative at the base electrode of pulses 134 applied to transistor 102, transistor 104 will become conductive and output an output pulse to thyristor 44 through emitter follower 132. When the parabola 136 is more positive than pulses 134, there is no output signal to thyristor 44.
Den mest négative del af den flade parabel 136 indtræder ved midtpunktet af det lodrette freml0bsinterval. Som f0lge heraf vil parabelen skære savtandkurven og derved frembringe et til en impuls 50 i fig. 3d svarende udgangssignal pâ et tidspunkt, som er længst fremskudt i forhold til de vandrette tilbagel0bsimpulser ved mid-ten af den lodrette afs0gning. 0verst og nedèrst i den lodrette afs0gning er parabelen 136 mest positiv og skærer impulserne 134 forholdsvis sent, sa at der frembringes impulser 50 af forholds-vis kort varighed.The most negative portion of the flat parabola 136 occurs at the midpoint of the vertical flow interval. As a result, the parabola will cut the sawtooth curve, thereby producing a pulse 50 of FIG. 3d corresponding output at a time most advanced with respect to the horizontal feedback pulses at the center of the vertical scan. At the top and bottom of the vertical scan, the parabola 136 is most positive and intersects the pulses 134 relatively late so that pulses 50 are produced of relatively short duration.
Skæringspunkterne mellem den flade parabel 136 og impulserne 134 kan justeres ved hjælp af en modstand 138. Modstanden 138 indstiller basisforspændingen til transistoren 104, og forskyder derved parabelen 136 i forhold til impulserne ved basiselektroden i transistoren 102. Dette medf0rer i sin tur, at samtlige portâb-ningsimpulser 50 fremskydes eller forsinkes i samme udstrækning, sâ at der opnâs en konstant ændring i billedbredden. Ændringen i billedbredden indtræder, nâr pudekorrektionskredsen 30 er dimensio-The intersections between the flat parabola 136 and the pulses 134 can be adjusted by a resistor 138. The resistor 138 sets the base bias of the transistor 104, thereby displacing the parabola 136 relative to the pulses at the base electrode of the transistor 102. This in turn causes all ports -ing pulses 50 are advanced or delayed to the same extent to achieve a constant change in the image width. The change in image width occurs when the pad correction circuit 30 is dimensionally
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12 neret til at tilvejebringe en stor pudekorrektion, hvori rasterkor-rektionen ikke kræver hele den anden halvdel af tilbagel0bsinter-vallet. En forskydning af den lodrette parabel forskyder sluttetids-punktet for kobleren 40 inden i den anden halvdel af tilbagel0bs-intervallet, og ændrer derved energien i afb0jningsspolen ved frem-l0bsintervallets begyndelse. Modstanden 140 fastlægger sammen med mod-standen 142 grundforspændingen for basiselektroden i transistoren 104. Modstanden 114 bestemmer sammen med modstanden 116 st0rrelsen af den lodrette parabel 136, der tilf0res basiselektroden i transistoren 104. Det b0r bemærkes, at der kan opnâs en korrektion af trapezforvrængning i rasteret ved at forbinde en passende kondensa-tor 115 over modstanden 116 ..og/eller ved at forbinde en kondensator 117 fra forbindelsen mellem modstandene 114 og 116 til jord. Ved at forbinde en kondensator over modstanden 116 fremskydes fasen for den lodrette parabel ved basiselektroden i transistoren 104, mens en kondensator fra forbindelsespunktet mellem modstandene 114 og 116 til jord forsinker parabelen. En fremskudt fase f0rer punktet for maksimal korrektion opad fra rasterets midte, og en faseforsin-kelse forskyder maksimalpunktet nedad fra midten. Dette bevirker i sin tur en trapezkorrektion.12 to provide a large cushion correction in which the raster correction does not require the entire second half of the reflux interval. A displacement of the vertical parabola displaces the end time of the coupler 40 within the second half of the reflux interval, thereby altering the energy in the deflection coil at the beginning of the flow interval. The resistor 140 together with the resistor 142 determines the basic voltage of the base electrode in transistor 104. Resistor 114 together with resistor 116 determines the size of the vertical parabola 136 applied to the base electrode of transistor 104. It should be noted that a trapezoidal distortion correction can be obtained. rasterized by connecting a suitable capacitor 115 over resistor 116 and / or by connecting a capacitor 117 from the connection between resistors 114 and 116 to ground. Connecting a capacitor over resistor 116 advances the phase of the vertical parabola at the base electrode of transistor 104, while a capacitor from the junction of resistors 114 and 116 to ground delays the parabola. An advanced phase advances the point of maximum correction upward from the center of the grid, and a phase delay displaces the maximum point downward from the center. This, in turn, causes a trapezoidal correction.
Et andet udf0relseseksempel pâ koblerstyrekredsen 46 til anvendelse i forbindelse med en koblerstyret lodret afb0jningskreds, sâledes som beskrevet i den ovennævnte sidel0bende ans0gning, er vist i fig. 5. Den i fig. 2 viste koblerstyrekreds 46 omfatter en som helhed med 300 betegnet parabelgenerator og en som helhed med 320 betegnet impulsgenerator, som vist i fig. 5. Parabelgeneratoren 300 og impulsgeneratoren 320 modtager tilbage'l0bsimpulser 35 fra den vandrette afb0jningsgenerator 207 over en transformatorvik-ling 208d og en impulsrække 330 fra den koblerstyrede lodrette af-b0jningsmodulatorkreds. Impulsgeneratoren 320 frembringer en portâb-ningsimpulsrække 48, der tilf0res thyristoren 44 i pudekorrektions-kredsen 30.Another embodiment of the coupler control circuit 46 for use in connection with a coupler controlled vertical deflection circuit, as described in the aforementioned lateral application, is shown in FIG. 5. The embodiment of FIG. 2, the control circuit 46 shown in FIG. 5. The parabola generator 300 and the pulse generator 320 receive feedback pulses 35 from the horizontal deflection generator 207 over a transformer winding 208d and a pulse row 330 from the coupler controlled vertical deflection modulator circuit. The pulse generator 320 generates a gate opening pulse array 48 which is supplied to the thyristor 44 in the pad correction circuit 30.
Som beskrevet i den ovennævnte sidel0bende ans0gning, rea-gerer den vandrette afb0jningsgenerator 207 pâ vandrette synkroni-seringsimpulser 205 ved at frembringe en stort set savtandformet vandret afb0jningsstr0m i den omkring billedr0ret 210 anbragte af-b0jningsspole 26, der som omtalt i forbindelse med fig. 2 er serie-forbundet med pudekorrektionskredsen 30. Den vandrette afb0jnings-generator 207 driver ogsâ den vandrette udgangstransformator 208.As described in the above parallel application, the horizontal deflection generator 207 responds to horizontal synchronization pulses 205 by generating a substantially sawtooth horizontal deflection current in the about-coil 210 disposed in deflection coil 26, such as deflection coil 26, as shown in FIG. 2 is connected in series to the cushion correction circuit 30. The horizontal deflection generator 207 also operates the horizontal output transformer 208.
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1313
Tr ans forma toren 208 har to sekundærviklinger 208b og 208c, soin frembringer modsat polariserede vandrette tilbagef0ringsimpulser til opladning af kondensatoren 215. Den sekundærvikling 208b, der er serieforbundet med thyristoren 213 og spolen 214, begyn-der at oplade savtandkondensatoren 215 under hver vandret tilba-gel0bsimpuls. Thyristoren 213 portâbnes i et maksimalt interval af hver vandret tilbagel0bsimpuls 0verst i den lodrette afs0gning. Under den f0rste eller 0verste halvdel af a.fs0gnin-gen vil de portâbningsimpulser 231, som tilf0res thyristoren 213's portelektrode fra den for den 0verste del af afs0gningen indret-tede impulsbreddemodulator 273, efterhânden forkorte de tidsrum, hvorunder thyristoren 213 er ledende.Transformer 208 has two secondary windings 208b and 208c, thus generating opposite polarized horizontal feedback pulses for charging capacitor 215. Secondary winding 208b connected in series with thyristor 213 and coil 214 begins to charge each saw capacitor 215. gel0bsimpuls. The thyristor 213 is opened at a maximum range of each horizontal return pulse at the top of the vertical scan. During the first or upper half of the scan, the gate opening pulses 231 applied to the gate electrode of the thyristor 213 from the pulse width modulator 273 arranged for the upper portion of the scan gradually shorten the periods during which the thyristor 213 is.
Som f0lge heraf optræder en b0lgeform 227 med faldende spæn-ding over kondensatoren 215.As a result, a waveform 227 occurs with decreasing voltage across capacitor 215.
Under den anden halvdel af den lodrette afs0gning vil den for den nederste del af den lodrette afs0gning indrèttede impulsbreddemodulator 281 tilf0re thyristoren 217 portâbningsimpulser 232, som efterhânden tiltager i varighed. Som f0lge heraf vil under den anden halvdel af den lodrette afs0gning thyristoren 217 sammen med sekundærviklingen 208c og spolen 216 oplade kondensatoren 215 med en voksende negativ spænding. Den over kondensatoren 215 optrædende spænding 227 integreres af den lodrette afb0jnings-spole 218 til dannelse af en i hovedsagen savtandformet afb0jnings-str0m.During the second half of the vertical scan, the pulse width modulator 281 arranged for the lower portion of the vertical scan will supply the thyristor 217 gate opening pulses 232 which gradually increase in duration. As a result, during the second half of the vertical scan, the thyristor 217 together with the secondary winding 208c and the coil 216 will charge the capacitor 215 with a growing negative voltage. The voltage 227 appearing above the capacitor 215 is integrated by the vertical deflection coil 218 to form a generally sawtooth deflection current.
Den lodrette savtandgenerator 220 reagerer pâ lodrette syn-kroniseringsimpulser 221 og pâ str0mmen gennem afb0jningsspolen 218 ved at frembringe modsat polariserede b0lgeformer 269 og 270 med lodret afb0jningstakt, som driver impulsbreddemodulatorerne 273 og 281. En rampe-pâ-sokkel-generator 335, som kan være udformet pâ samme mâde som den, der er omtalt ovenfor under henvisning til fig. 4, drives af vandrette tilbâge10bsimpulser 35 fra trans-formatorens sekundærvikling 208d. Impulsbreddemodulatorerne 273 og 281 har et andet sæt indgange, som drives af impulsrækken 334 fra generatoren 335. Impulserne 334 svarer til de i fig. 3c viste impulser 334 vendt op/ned. Som f0rste udgangssignaler frembringer impulsbreddemodulatorerne 273 og 281 portâbningsimpulserne 231 hen-holdsvis 232 med progressivt varierende bredde, som tilf0res thyri-storerne 213 og 217.The vertical saw tooth generator 220 responds to vertical synchronization pulses 221 and to the current through the deflection coil 218 by producing opposite polarized waveforms 269 and 270 with vertical deflection driving the pulse width modulators 273 and 281. designed in the same manner as that described above with reference to FIG. 4, is driven by horizontal feedback pulses 35 from the secondary winding 208d of the transformer. The pulse width modulators 273 and 281 have a second set of inputs driven by the pulse row 334 from the generator 335. The pulses 334 are similar to those in FIG. 3c shown pulses 334 turned up / down. As the first output signals, the pulse width modulators 273 and 281 produce the gate opening pulses 231 and 232, respectively, of progressively varying width, which are applied to the thyrs 213 and 217.
Impulsbreddemodulatorerne 273 og 281 afgiver et andet sæt 14The pulse width modulators 273 and 281 output a second set 14
DK 15 6 6 Ο 0 BDK 15 6 6 Ο 0 B
udgangssignaler, soin fremkommer fra transistorerne 272 henholds-vis 280, hvis kollektorelektroder gennem en modstand 336 er for-bundet med jord. Spændingen 330, der repræsenterer suiranen af ud-gangsspændingerne fra transistorerne 272 og 280, optræder soin ind-gangsspænding til parabelgeneratoren 300.output signals soin emerge from transistors 272 and 280, respectively, whose collector electrodes through a resistor 336 are connected to ground. The voltage 330, which represents the suiran of the output voltages from transistors 272 and 280, provides soin input voltage to the parabola generator 300.
Impulsrækken 330 tilf0res en normalt mættet forstærkertran-sistor 301. Spidserne pâ impulserne 330 bringer transistoren 301 ud af mætning, og danner herved positive impulser ved denne transistors kollektorelektrode. En diode 302, der forbinder transistoren 301's kollektor- og basiselektroder med hinanden, forbedrer transi-storens evne til at reagere pâ kortvarige for10b. En detektordiode 303 overf0rer de positive udgangsimpulser fra transistoren 301 til en integrationskondensator 304. Over denne kondensator 304 optræder en parabelspænding 306, der repræsenterer den integrerede udgang fra transistoren 301, idet parabelens toppunkt indtræder ved mid-ten af den lodrette afs0gning som reaktion pâ den maksimale va-righed af spændingen 330's impulsspidser. Den variable modstand 308 regulerer integrationskondensatoren 304's udladningshastighed. Parabelspændingen 306 med lodret afb0jningstakt udtages fra kon-densatoren 304 af et som helhed med 310 betegnet emitterf01ger-trin. Et som helhed med 312 betegnet lavpasfilter dæmper eller svæk-ker str0mme med vandret afb0jningstaktfrekvens i parabelspændingen 306. En formreguleringsmodstand 314 overf0rer en parabelspænding 316 til impulsbehandlingskredsen 320 i afhængighed af parabelspændingen 306.The pulse array 330 is applied to a normally saturated amplifier transistor 301. The tips of the pulses 330 bring out the transistor 301 from saturation, thereby forming positive pulses at the collector electrode of this transistor. A diode 302 connecting the collector and base electrodes of transistor 301 improves the transistor's ability to respond to short circuit 10b. A detector diode 303 transmits the positive output pulses of transistor 301 to an integration capacitor 304. Above this capacitor 304, a parabolic voltage 306 representing the integrated output of transistor 301 occurs, the peak of the parabola occurring at the center of the vertical scan in response to the maximum duration of voltage 330's pulse peaks. The variable resistor 308 controls the discharge rate of the integration capacitor 304. The vertical deflection rate parabolic voltage 306 is taken out of capacitor 304 by an emitter float stage 310 as a whole. A low-pass filter, as a whole, designated 312 attenuates or attenuates current at a horizontal deflection rate in parabolic voltage 306. A shape control resistor 314 transmits a parabolic voltage 316 to the impulse processing circuit 320 in dependence on parabolic voltage 306.
Impulsbehandlingskredsen 320 modtager vandrette tilbage-l0bsimpulser fra sekundærviklingen 208d og overf0rer disse til basiselektroden i den inverterende forstærker 322. De negativt rettede udgangsimpulser fra den inverterende forstærker 322 til-f0res basiselektroden i en transistor 324 gennem en kondensator 328 og en diode 326.The pulse processing circuit 320 receives horizontal feedback pulses from the secondary winding 208d and transmits these to the base electrode of the inverting amplifier 322. The negatively directed output pulses of the inverting amplifier 322 are supplied to the base electrode in a transistor 324 through a capacitor 328 and a diode 328.
Ved sin basiselektrode modtager transistoren 324 tillige parabelstr0mmen 316, der s0ger at holde transistoren 324 ledende mellem de vandrette tilbagel0bsimpulser. Ved modtagelsen af en negativt rettet impuls med vandret afb0jningstakt fra inverteren 322, oph0rer transistoren 324 med at lede i et tidsrum, der af-hænger af den tid str0mmen 316 beh0ver for at oplade kondensatoren 328 til igen at forspænde transistoren 324 i fremadgâende retning. Transistoren 324's ikke-ledende tidsrum vil være kortest ved mid-At its base electrode, transistor 324 also receives the parabola current 316 which seeks to hold transistor 324 conductive between the horizontal return pulses. Upon receiving a negative directed pulse with horizontal deflection rate from inverter 322, transistor 324 stops conducting for a period of time depending on the time current 316 needs to charge capacitor 328 to re-bias transistor 324 in the forward direction. The nonconductive time of transistor 324 will be shortest at mid-term.
DK 156600 BDK 156600 B
15 ten af âen lodrette afs0gning, nâr str0mmen 316.er st0rst, og længst 0verst og nederst i den lodrette afs0gning,15 of the vertical scan, when the stream 316. is the largest, and furthest at the top and bottom of the vertical scan,
Den positivt rettede impulsudgang fra transistoren 324 udtages fra kollektorelektroden og overf0res til basiselektroden i transistoren 340 gennem en modstand 342. Et andet indgangssig-nal til basiselektroden i transistoren 340 aftages fra udgangs-klemmen i den inverterende forstærker 322 gennem en modstand 344.The positively directed pulse output of transistor 324 is taken from the collector electrode and transmitted to the base electrode of transistor 340 through a resistor 342. A second input signal to the base electrode of transistor 340 is taken from the output terminal of the inverting amplifier 322 through a resistor 344.
En positiv impulsudgang ved transistoren 340's kollektorelektro-de indtræder kun, nâr udgangssignalerne fra bâde den inverterende forstærker 322 og transistoren 324 er lave. Et par inverterende forstærkere overf0rer transistoren 340's impulsudgang til port-elektroden i thyristoren 44.A positive pulse output at the collector electrode of transistor 340 occurs only when the output signals from both the inverting amplifier 322 and transistor 324 are low. A pair of inverting amplifiers transmit the pulse output of transistor 340 to the gate electrode of thyristor 44.
Da bagflankerne pâ udgangsimpulserne fra den inverterende forstærker 322 indtræder ved afslutningen af tilbagel0bsimpuls-intervallet, afsluttes udgangsimpulsen fra transistoren 340 ved afslutningen af tilbagel0bsimpulsïntervallet. Udgangsimpulserne fra transistoren 340 har en varighed, der er maksimal ved midten af den lodrette afs0gning, og minimal 0verst og nederst i denne.As the rear flanks of the output pulses of the inverting amplifier 322 occur at the end of the feedback pulse interval, the output pulse of the transistor 340 is terminated at the end of the feedback pulse interval. The output pulses from transistor 340 have a maximum duration at the center of the vertical scan and minimum at the top and bottom thereof.
Den beskrevne pudekorrektionskreds bevirker samtidigt en korrektion af indvendig 0st-vest pudeforvrængning og udvendig 0st--vest pudeforvrængning. Den har ogsâ en h0j virkningsgrad, da en bêlastning af den vandrette udgangstransformator er undgâet. Den beskrevne kreds kan anvendes i forbindelse med sædvanlige pudekor-rektionskredse.At the same time, the described cushion correction circuit causes a correction of interior 0-west cushion distortion and exterior 0-west cushion distortion. It also has a high efficiency, since a loading of the horizontal output transformer has been avoided. The described circuit may be used in conjunction with conventional cushion correction circuits.
Dersom den anvendes i forbindelse med det koblerstyrede lodrette afb0jningskredsl0bf der er omtalt i den ovenfor nævnte sidel0ben-de ans0gning; er pudekorrektionskredsen if0lge opfindelsen særde-les fordelagtig. Mens det koblerstyrede lodrette afb0jningskredsl0b tilvejebringer korrektion af sidepudeforvrængning ved belastning af den vandrette tilbagef0ringstransformator, er det i nogle an-vendelser n0dvendigt at s0rge for at styrekoblerne, som f.eks. thyristorerne 213 og 217 i fig. 5, er ledende pâ samme tid ved midten af den lodrette skandering med henblik pâ at opnâ en tilstræk-kelig iboende pudekorrektion. Dersom koblerne 213 og 217 pâ denne mâde er ledende pâ samme tid, opstâr der en tabsgivende str0mvej for den vandrette tilbagel0bsenergi. Ved ud0velse af nærværende opfindelse i forbindelse med det koblerstyrede lodrette afb0jnings-system undgâs effekttabet, og der opnâs et meget lavt samlet ener-giforbrug.If used in conjunction with the coupler controlled vertical deflection circuit referred to in the aforementioned sideways application; According to the invention, the cushion correction circuit is particularly advantageous. While the coupler controlled vertical deflection circuit provides correction of side cushion distortion when loading the horizontal return transformer, in some applications it is necessary to provide the control couplers, such as the thyristors 213 and 217 of FIG. 5 is conductive at the same time at the center of the vertical scan in order to obtain an adequate inherent cushion correction. If the couplers 213 and 217 in this way are conductive at the same time, a loss-making current is created for the horizontal reflux energy. In practicing the present invention in connection with the coupler controlled vertical deflection system, power loss is avoided and a very low overall energy consumption is obtained.
DK 156600 BDK 156600 B
16 F01gende er en liste over kredskomponenter for tilvejebrin-gelse af pudekorrektion for et 110° billedr0r med stor skærm7 som f.eks. type A67-610X fra RCA Corporation:16 The following is a list of circuit components for providing cushion correction for a 110 ° large screen picture tube7 such as type A67-610X from RCA Corporation:
L26 0, 28mHL26 0.28mH
L32 Kerne 01Ox 45mm, N22, hver halvdel ët lag à 34 vindinger 0,8mm Cu trâd, 60jiH i hver halvdel, spredning ΙμΗ.L32 Core 01Ox 45mm, N22, each half one layer of 34 turns 0.8mm Cu thread, 60jiH in each half, spread ΙμΙ.
C36 lpFC36 lpF
C122 0,015pFC122 0.015pF
C304 4700pFC304 4700pF
C328 470pFC328 470pF
R33 680 R114,116,120,124 4K-n- R126 ÎK-^- R128 3K-^- R130 10K-^- R138 4K-^- variabel R140 3K-^-R33 680 R114,116,120,124 4K-n- R126 ÎK - ^ - R128 3K - ^ - R130 10K - ^ - R138 4K - ^ - variable R140 3K - ^ -
R142 4K-rLR142 4K-rL
R308 ÎOOK-^- R314 22K-^- R342,344 4Κ-^R308 ÎOOK - ^ - R314 22K - ^ - R342,344 4Κ- ^
Med de ovennævnte komponentværdier og det nævnte billedr0r kunne der i afb0jningsspolen iagttages str0mkomposanter ved omtrent 6,5 kHz pâ grund af resonans i S-kondensatoren og afb0jningsspolen, mens de komposanter, der skyldtes pudekorrektionskredsen, kunne pâvises at ligge ved omtrent 12 kHz.With the above component values and the aforementioned image tube, current components could be observed in the deflection coil at approximately 6.5 kHz due to resonance in the S capacitor and deflection coil, while the components due to the cushion correction circuit could be found to be at approximately 12 kHz.
Claims (15)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB4835375 | 1975-11-25 | ||
| GB48353/75A GB1547170A (en) | 1975-11-25 | 1975-11-25 | Pincushion correction circuit |
| GB1687076 | 1976-04-26 | ||
| GB1687076 | 1976-04-26 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DK528276A DK528276A (en) | 1977-05-26 |
| DK156600B true DK156600B (en) | 1989-09-11 |
| DK156600C DK156600C (en) | 1990-03-05 |
Family
ID=26252283
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK528276A DK156600C (en) | 1975-11-25 | 1976-11-24 | DEFINITION CIRCUIT WITH CUSHION CORRECTION FOR A TELEVISION SCREEN |
Country Status (27)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5286719A (en) |
| AR (1) | AR211715A1 (en) |
| AT (1) | AT371297B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU506365B2 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE848705A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7607736A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1082354A (en) |
| CS (1) | CS215051B2 (en) |
| DD (1) | DD127895A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2649909C3 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK156600C (en) |
| EG (1) | EG13616A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES453633A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI61593C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2333397A1 (en) |
| GR (1) | GR61731B (en) |
| HK (1) | HK38880A (en) |
| IL (1) | IL50646A (en) |
| IN (1) | IN146051B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1124720B (en) |
| MX (1) | MX3759E (en) |
| NL (1) | NL188199C (en) |
| NO (1) | NO763999L (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ182710A (en) |
| PL (1) | PL112647B1 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT65734B (en) |
| YU (1) | YU37462B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1600367A (en) * | 1977-07-25 | 1981-10-14 | Rca Corp | Pincushion correction circuit |
| US4179642A (en) * | 1977-09-02 | 1979-12-18 | Rca Corporation | Raster correction circuit with low dissipation resistive damping |
| JPS58137410A (en) * | 1982-02-12 | 1983-08-15 | Hitachi Constr Mach Co Ltd | Conveyable coagulative precipitation apparatus |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3628082A (en) * | 1970-01-27 | 1971-12-14 | Rca Corp | Linearity correction circuit utilizing a saturable reactor |
| JPS4885029A (en) * | 1972-02-15 | 1973-11-12 | ||
| US3863184A (en) * | 1973-01-12 | 1975-01-28 | Rca Corp | Television scanning linearity device |
-
1976
- 1976-10-06 IN IN1828/CAL/76A patent/IN146051B/en unknown
- 1976-10-10 IL IL7650646A patent/IL50646A/en unknown
- 1976-10-19 IT IT7628515A patent/IT1124720B/en active
- 1976-10-20 PT PT65734A patent/PT65734B/en unknown
- 1976-10-23 GR GR52000A patent/GR61731B/en unknown
- 1976-10-23 EG EG643/76A patent/EG13616A/en active
- 1976-10-29 DE DE2649909A patent/DE2649909C3/en not_active Expired
- 1976-11-15 CA CA265,647A patent/CA1082354A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-11-18 FI FI763313A patent/FI61593C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-11-19 FR FR7634947A patent/FR2333397A1/en active Granted
- 1976-11-19 AU AU19798/76A patent/AU506365B2/en not_active Expired
- 1976-11-19 BR BR7607736A patent/BR7607736A/en unknown
- 1976-11-23 CS CS767545A patent/CS215051B2/en unknown
- 1976-11-23 NO NO763999A patent/NO763999L/no unknown
- 1976-11-24 BE BE172662A patent/BE848705A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-11-24 PL PL1976193889A patent/PL112647B1/en unknown
- 1976-11-24 AR AR265601A patent/AR211715A1/en active
- 1976-11-24 NL NLAANVRAGE7613090,A patent/NL188199C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-11-24 MX MX76100127U patent/MX3759E/en unknown
- 1976-11-24 DK DK528276A patent/DK156600C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-11-24 JP JP14173476A patent/JPS5286719A/en active Granted
- 1976-11-24 NZ NZ182710A patent/NZ182710A/en unknown
- 1976-11-24 DD DD7600195941A patent/DD127895A5/en unknown
- 1976-11-25 AT AT0875076A patent/AT371297B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-11-25 ES ES453633A patent/ES453633A1/en not_active Expired
- 1976-11-25 YU YU2875/76A patent/YU37462B/en unknown
-
1980
- 1980-07-17 HK HK388/80A patent/HK38880A/en unknown
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| PUP | Patent expired |