DK145071B - Cascade SKAKTKOELER - Google Patents

Description

145071

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The invention relates to a cascade shaft cooler for feed cubes, having a shaft top, a plurality of shaft elements disposed one above the other, and a discharge element for the feed cubes, and in which the shaft elements are arranged parallel to one another, air permeable roofs, which are designed to be air permeable and are open at the bottom, which consists of pairs of air inlet and outlet air ducts, and where the air outlet inlets are connected to a suction pipe.

10 The production of feed cubes puts the feed in a favorable condition for the animals' absorption and digestion and aims for easy handling for transport and storage.

One of the purposes lies in making the protein "digestible". The protein thereby gets an unpleasant sticky property in the freshly pressed state.

If you want to make cubes of the usual nature, you operate after pressing the shaft cooler suitable for this purpose. If possible, the shaft coolers have only air-permeable obstructions, otherwise the dice will adhere to the top of the shaft and clog the entire cooler.

In a known embodiment of this kind, the overall cooler is made up of individual elements. In addition to the shaft top and the outlet member, each shaft member has a pair of ducting ducts, in the middle a triangular closed vent duct, and on each side therefore a half inlet duct.

A combined distribution and sieving device is arranged in the shaft top which can also be connected directly to the outlet element.

The performance and duration of the cooling process is determined by the number of shaft elements. The oscillating discharge device for the dice is provided with an end sieve.

35 A switching switch located in the shaft upper or disconnects the entire combination, so that once cooled, the cooler still remains full, thereby preventing false air extraction.

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The total emptying of the cooler can be done by means of a special coupling device.

A different number of fans can be used depending on the desired performance and the required air passage.

5 The freshly pressed feed cubes have a high humidity and temperature.

However, high temperature and high moisture content are unfortunate for storage because the feed cubes are treated with the so-called cube cooling.

10 The often used symbolism that a rotten apple infects seven others also applies to a dice cooler. A cooler can have zones through which no cooling is done or at least very little cooling occurs.

Therefore, in a relatively large quantity, there is a small part 15 of a perishable product which presents a risk to the entire production.

In the case of the cube feed cooler referred to at the outset, there are always such poorly functioning zones.

Thus, the closed air outlet duct is particularly susceptible to material deposits. Nor can a precaution exclude all fine shares. The ripple movement over the cascades also causes the dice to wear continuously.

In the coolers described, the product mostly settles in the closed sealing duct portion facing the suction. After a short period, this part is filled with fragments of feed cubes. The same process takes place at all adjacent exit channels. At the end, there is no longer any air exchange in the back of the radiator, although the dice in this zone continue to sink at the same speed. The output element delivers dice of different quality.

It has precisely been attempted by these dice coolers to prevent clogging during operation by further ventilation of the air outlet duct by means of a false air opening. In this way, it is possible to achieve some improvement in the uniformity of the cooling process, but this is at the expense of the entire plant's economy.

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With these known dice coolers, there are usually two shaft elements for one fan.

If the radiator has two shaft elements, for each product change and each start of the system, a first, 5 only incompletely chilled charge is obtained. By partial filling, the air travels down the path that has the least resistance and flows as long as possible across the product column through the upper empty shaft portion. Another very unpleasant disadvantage arises from the use of four or more shaft elements.

As is well known, heat and humidity release occurs significantly faster at high temperatures than at low temperatures. If the air is sucked away from the first, ie.

the highest element of the shaft cooler, by means of a 15% dependent fan, the moisture-saturated air in the suction line can cause condensation water formation and consequent unfortunate phenomena. There are also great difficulties in dust removal and cleaning.

Another well-known shaker cooler for feed cubes has a central vertical air outlet shaft and a large number of ventilation flaps placed over the entire height over the two longitudinal sides. The feed cubes even open these flaps with their own weight, and it is only the flaps that come into contact with the 25 product that are open. The upper empty shaft portion is still kept closed for air passage.

In this way, an unnecessary circulation of false air is excluded.

This shaft cooler always works equally well at one to 30 operating modes, whether full or only partially filled. One can treat smaller charges financially. The uniformity of the cooling and drying process is maintained in the overall cooler, since there is no possibility of clogging of the individual parts. Super-saturated air is mixed in the central exhaust duct with the other air. Condensation water problems do not occur in this known construction. The main difficulty in feed-cube cooling is solved with this shaft cooling system. The disadvantage is the relatively large building height of the cooler alone.

Cascade-like product routing through ventilation ducts of mainly the first described kind has the advantage that the dice are subjected to a continuous repositioning, turning etc. Cascade coolers usually allow a reduction of the specific energy demand and, moreover, a favorable space utilization.

The main advantage of the cascade coolers lies in the 10 relatively affordable construction method. However, they have the disadvantage of being more susceptible to clogging and cooling in unevenly.

Finally, GB Patent No. 326,871 discloses a shaft cooler of the kind initially referred to, in which the 15 air ducts are arranged in the direction of the longer shaft element dimension and where the air flow passing through the shaft cooler enters directly from the shaft cooler into the exhaust air line. This design means that a relatively low air flow rate must be worked, or that an appreciable portion of the treated material, such as grain, must be counted into the exhaust air line.

The invention aims to avoid the shortcomings of the known dice coolers and to create an optimal cooling process 25 and a favorable relationship between the total cooler volume and the utility volume.

To achieve this, the cascade shaft cooler according to the invention is characterized in that the air ducts are arranged over the shorter shaft element dimension and that the air outlet ducts connected to the suction line have a separator-like transition piece for retaining the feed cuttings in the shaft element.

With the solution according to the invention, the shortcomings of the known shaft coolers are avoided with good result.

In particular, the arrangement of the lower open air duct over the shorter shaft element dimension and the separator-like design of the transition piece from the suction duct connected to the suction pipe causes a reliable cooling of the dice and an air distribution which would otherwise only be possible in the solution with a plurality of one another. flaps placed over the longitudinal sides and operable separately.

In spite of this, not only are all the advantages of the known cascade coolers obtained, but also further improvements over them.

The fact that the air outlet ducts are connected to the suction line and are passed over the shorter shaft dimension means that the usual measuring instruments cannot detect steadily increased air flows, although there is a relatively high air velocity in the air outlet ducts. The air velocity can even be selected so large that some smaller parts are moved by the air towards the suction duct. However, if a larger amount of partially uncooled cubes are now driven into the suction duct, these cubes, added to the finished product, can present a danger to the overall production, since they become moldy after only a few days.

However, precisely in the combination according to the invention, the transition from the air outlet to the suction line is now formed in a separator-like manner, so that the feed cubes cannot leave the shaft element. All cubes have exactly the same dwell time in the shaft-25 cooler, although some cubes via the airflow perform a small horizontal walk.

The design according to the invention enables a very intensive cooling process. Measurements have also shown surprisingly favorable power consumption.

30 An obstruction of the lower open air ducts is excluded for understandable reasons. The cooling air from below can be freely penetrated through the cube layer under the air outlet roof. The air-permeable roof itself has been found not to be susceptible to clogging, with the squeal movement of the terns having a cleansing effect.

The connection between the air outlets and a common suction line has proved very economical.

This measure also prevents condensation problems.

According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, an airflow throttle member may be associated with each shaft member.

In particular, with respect to the air distribution, it has surprisingly proved advantageous to place the airflow throttle member on the suction side between the suction line and the air outlet. If the airflow throttle member is only slightly opened, greater air velocities will occur through the openings, depending on the fan characteristic.

10 If the airflow throttle means is now located on the suction side, the velocity peaks will disappear after a short distance of 2 to 3 dm in the interior of the shaft member.

The amount of air can thus be regulated without the disadvantage of the treatment of the dice. The location of the throttle member 15 at the suction side also causes no special guide plates to be required.

According to another advantageous embodiment, the airflow throttle means for each shaft member may have independent actuators controlled by the feed cubes. During both filling and emptying, the shaft element for the shaft element, or zone for zone, can be switched on and off. In the empty shaft part, no air circulation occurs. Exactly the amount of air that actively participates in the cooling process is passed through, whereby the air quantity is regulated as a function of the amount of cube.

According to a very advantageous embodiment, the cross-sectional surface between the separator-like transition piece and the shaft element may be partially closed, however, it has a downwardly extending extension piece with an inclined downwardly inclined surface of the shaft. This means that due to the deflection and reduction of the air velocity, a very effective precipitation of any even more dice or coarser dust parts in the air outlet roof can be achieved. The dice 35 still slides back into the shaft at the same height.

This measure enables very high airspeeds through the take-offs. Due to the special separator-like design of the transition piece, the dice will remain in the zone in which they must also be according to their condition. In this way, the uniformity of the cooling and drying process is maintained. Quite fine parts that are still being torn will again be put back in charge 5 with a continued air suction conduit to the outlet element.

According to another embodiment, the air-permeable support and guide surfaces of the air ducting roofs can be made up of several, loosely laid and one-piece made of 10 sheets. Thereby, the proportion of the inert surfaces can be significantly reduced and the free flow surface of the air is maximally enlarged. The cooling and drying process is improved. Even in these smallest places, the freshly squeezed and sticky feed cubes will not be able to form any harmful "cushions".

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, in which fig. 1 is a front view of a shaft cooler according to the invention; FIG. 2 is a side view of the shaft radiator; FIG. 3 is a top view of the shaft radiator; FIG. Fig. 4 shows on a larger scale a suspension pendulum which is included in the shaft cooler feed cube element; 5 is a larger scale cross-section of a single shaft member; FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line VI-VI of FIG. 5, FIG. 7 control means for an airflow jets means; FIG. 8 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of that of FIG. Fig. 6 shows an arrangement with operating means for the airflow throttle means; 9 is a cross-sectional view of a feed element for the feed cubes; FIG. 10 is a departure element combined with a sieve; FIG. 11 shows a single guide plate which is included in the shaft of the radiator air duct, and fig. 12 is a sectional view taken along line XII-XII of FIG. 11th

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The shaft cooler is as shown in FIG. 1, 2 and 3 are made up of single shaft elements 1, a shaft top 2 and a discharge element 3 for feed cubes. The shaft top 2 has an inlet nozzle 4 and is closed by 5 of four side walls 5. In two side parts 5 there are openings 6. In the upper part 2 there are also fill position flaps 7 which are held in a specific position by means of counter weights 8. The flaps 7 are connected via an electric end switch 9 and a control system 10 not shown to vibrators 10 belonging to the output element 3. A single shaft element 1 is shown on a larger scale in FIG. 5 and 6. The shaft member 1 has two pairs of recessed air guards.

A middle air inlet roof 11 is connected to the surrounding air via openings 15 12 in side walls 14 and 15. Through two half air supply roofs 13 and 13 ', fresh air supply can be effected, with wall breaks 16 and 16' found on the entire surface of the narrow side wall.

20 Above the air inlets 11, 13 and 13 ', two air outlet bays 17 and 18 are symmetrically arranged. The side wall 14 is closed relative to the air outlet roofs 17 and 18. In contrast, each side wall 15 has an aperture 19 and 191 which is connected via a transition piece 20 with a downwardly inclined surface 20 'to an airflow throttle member 21 and an air outlet line 22. All air guide roofs are formed by an upper angle 25 and two lower angles 26, in which roof-like plates 27 are inserted in a roof-like manner.

30 Between the air outlet line 22 and the outlet element 3 is arranged a finger flap lock 28.

Moving means for periodically changing the air passage can either be associated with a single shaft element 1 or be associated with all shaft elements in common and thus the air outlet line 22. If the means of movement are connected to a single shaft element, they can advantageously be built into the area of the transition piece 20. For this purpose, .g. a rotatable flap with a centered shaft is provided in the transition piece 20. This flap can be operated with a slow-moving motor gear which is advantageously placed outside of the transition piece 20. For each turn of the flap, the flap is closed and opened twice, which causes large fluctuations in the air flow and the air velocities, respectively. through the cube layer intended for cooling. These air pulsations can intensify and enhance the cooling process. The rotary flap can be placed at the upper end of the air outlet line 22. In purely functional terms, it is even feasible to use the air generator itself not shown or a fan in the "pump area", ie. in the normally undesirable range where the air volume 15 periodically fluctuates between 0 and some value.

In such a solution, however, a very strong dimension of the fan wheel must be expected.

As shown in FIG. 7 and 8, the airflow throttle member 21 is controlled by a flap 30, which is held by a shaft 31 with 20 a counterweight 32 in a resting position which corresponds at the same time to the closed position of the throttle member 21.

On the shaft 31 is mounted a weight arm 33 which is slidably mounted on the opposite side by means of a sliding sleeve 34 to a control rod 35. The control rod 35 has discs 36 on both sides of the sliding sleeve 34 which determine the end position of the throttle member 21.

The output element 3 is fastened to a base 39 by means of four suspension pendulums 40, fig. 4 and 9, 30 via square columns 41 with flanges 42. Around each column 41 there are four rubber blocks 43 which are held by means of a sleeve 44 and are connected to the suspension pendulum 40. An analogue column 41 'with flanges 42 '. The column 41 'is mounted to the suspension pendulum 40 via rubber blocks 43' with bushings 44 '. By means of these suspension pendulums marketed under the designation "Rosta", the exit element 3 can perform a steamed pig movement in the first and foremost direction (A). Although there is the possibility of small movements in the transverse direction in relation thereto, the cross movements are attenuated more strongly. The output element 3 is shown on a larger scale in FIG. 9. For transport reasons, the outlet element 3 is directly connected to the base 39. The element 3 has two flat inclined bottoms 50 with laterally arranged abutments 51. Above each bottom 50 there is a roof 52 which prevents a direct flow of the feed cubes into the bottom 50.

The operation of the shaft cooler is explained below with reference to FIG. 1-6.

The freshly squeezed feed cubes are filled with excess water content and in warm condition through the access bore 4. The cubes ripple downward over the cascade-like air guide roofs 17, 18 and 11, 13 and 13 '. The first cubes reach the take-off member 3 and form a natural shaking angle with respect to the air supply roofs 11, 13 and 13 'of the lower shaft member.

20 At the same time as the filling of the first dice, sufficient air passage must be ensured, otherwise the dice will first and foremost adhere to the air ducts which obstruct the dice.

The exit element 3 is still switched off as the progressive cooling and removal of excess water takes place.

If the level of the feed cubes exceeds the positioning flaps 7, the weight of the cubes will depress the flaps 7 downwardly, overcoming the resetting force of the counterweights 8, and the flaps 7 will activate the end switch 9 in their rotational movement.

The end switch 9, in the end position, engages the vibrators 10, whereby the shaking movement causes the exit of finished processed dice to begin. The flaps 7 ensure that the shaft cooler does not run unnecessarily empty. This ensures uniformity throughout the operating period.

In an industrially conducted laboratory experiment, a uniform distribution of air was found with the aid of an anemometer, and the outgoing feed cubes in particular showed a surprisingly uniform temperature in all four corners, which in itself proves the good interaction between the measures which is included in the combination according to the invention. Although the airspeed was chosen so large that small cubes could be entrained on the surface, only fine dust particles were found in the discharge line.

The placement of an airflow throttle member 21 between the air outlet line 22 and the air outlet bars 17 and 18 has proved particularly advantageous. In particular, an economically optimal operation of the shaft cooler can be achieved if, according to the invention, the air volumes are opened and closed via a flap 30 as a function of the cube level. To this end, the flap 30 located in the shaft member 1 is connected to the airflow throttle member 21 via the shaft 31, the lever arm 33 and the control rod 35.

20 As mentioned, on said control rod 35, arresting discs 36 may be arranged on both sides of the sliding sleeve 34 of the lever 33.

These arresting discs 36 allow the fixing of the extreme values of the airflow throttle member 21 and 25 thereby preventing a complete closure and opening of the throttle member 21. The counterweight 32 can furthermore be displaced relative to the shaft 31.

In this way, the airflow throttle means 21 can be used as actual airflow control means. Anything 30 after the position of the counterweight 32 can even affect the degree of opening of the throttle member, depending on the amount of cube located above the flap or corresponding shaft member.

Depending on the characteristics of the feed cubes, it may be advantageous to pass different volumes of air through the superimposed shaft elements or zones, thereby obtaining e.g. a gentle cooling at the beginning and a maximum cooling effect at the end.

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With the explained shaft element or zone arrangement, the airflow throttle means 21, first and foremost in combination with a control level dependent on the filling level, will allow the chiller cooler with optimum operating results to be used for cooling the largest and smallest feed cubes.

According to the invention, the shaft top 2 has apertures 6 which enable an extremely sparing cooling zone. In this way, the cooling process, like the release of the excess water, occurs uniformly over the entire cube cross section. Thus, the often feared shock cooling will not occur.

Experience has consistently shown that when treating feed cubes in shaft chillers, there is a certain favorable measure of thickness (c). 1, of the 15 cube layer, which is approx. 250-300 mm. If the layer thickness (c) increases significantly above this value, a qualitative deterioration of the dice occurs.

It has now been found that there is also an optimal relationship between the layer thickness of the cubes in the cooler 20 and the horizontal length dimension (B). 2, of this layer, for the following reasons: a) Maximum volume utilization of the overall cooler must be achieved, which means low airflow ceilings and large dimensions of the shaft element surface; b) the airspeed must be selected as large as possible. , in order to achieve a more intensive treatment process, which means a large number of large air ducts, c) the air distribution must be uniform, which means a short horizontal length dimension (B) of the cube layer, and d) the material depression in the shaft must be uniform without costly auxiliary measures, which means small dimensions of the shaft element base.

35 Based on these conflicting requirements, an optimal ratio between the layer thickness (c) and the layer length (B) of approx. 1: 4 to 1: 5. For horizontal reasons, the horizontal dimension (B) of the layer must not be significantly less than 1,0 m, however, it must not exceed 1,5 m if the risk of quality deterioration is to be avoided. A length of 1.2 m has been found to be the optimal dimension.

5 With regard to material lowering and space utilization, a very advantageous solution has been obtained in the application of two pairs of recessed air ducts, fig. 5, wherein each pair comprises an air outlet tag (17 or 18), an air inlet tag (13 or 13 ') and a half air access tag (11), which together with the optimum length of 1.2 m, currently provides the most advantageous embodiment.

As is well known, the lowering is not simply determined by the shape of the shaft element and the air ducts, since in the extreme cases it is at least equally determined by the outlet element.

Swiveling departure elements have proved particularly suitable for cascade coolers.

The operation, in particular the uniform lowering of the shaft cooler according to the invention, can be particularly advantageously further improved by the main swing direction of the outlet element 3 extending across the air ducts 11, 13, 17, 18 and in the direction of the longer shaft element dimension (A).

According to the invention, a vertical wall 23. between the shaft elements of the air supply roofs 11 and 13 and 11 and 13 ', respectively, can be arranged, together with the preferred pivoting direction over the longer shaft element dimension, an absolutely uniform dice reduction. especially in the lower shaft element 3, which is also a prerequisite for a uniform quality of the final product.

A further fuse is obtained if adjustable, as far as 35 known cube metering flaps 53 are available by means of a wheel 54, fig. 10, along the narrow sides of the shaft member, and these dosing flaps 53 together with a roof 52 form a dosing slot 49 so that the dice are also delivered via the two narrow

Claims (10)

10 By turning the handwheel 54, the dice flap dosing flap 53. Between the roof 52 and the dosing flap 53, a dosing slot 49 is formed. The roof 52 is connected to the pivoting bottom 50 and the same pivoting movement is provided from the vibrators 10. This ensures the exit of the dice despite the non-vibrating dosing flap 53. It is particularly advantageous that the dice are delivered to the sieve 56 via the narrow side B. This gives all the dice the longest possible path to the outlet 58. Fine parts can exit again. -20 easy to separate channel 57. Without greater energy consumption, this solution can reliably relieve the finished processed dice for the dust content which the customers find undesirable. The screening itself becomes qualitatively particularly good, as it is carried out over the longer road. 25 1. Cage shaft cooler for feed cubes, with a shaft top (2), a plurality of shaft elements (1) arranged one above the other, and a discharge element (3) for the 30 feed cubes, and. wherein in the shaft members (1) are arranged parallel to one another air ducts (11, 13, 13 ', 17, 18) which are designed to be air permeable and open at the bottom and which consist of air-access ceilings in pairs (11, 13, 13 ') and air outlet rods (17, 18), and where the air outlet rods (17, 18) are connected to a suction line (22), characterized in that the air discharge rods (11, 13, 13', 17, 18) is disposed over the shorter shaft element dimension (B), and the air outlet roofs (17, 18) connected to the suction line (22) have a separator-like transition piece (20) for retaining the feed cuttings in the shaft element (1). Shaft radiator according to claim 1, characterized in that an airflow throttle (21) is arranged between the suction line (22) and the air outlet roof (17, 18) of a shaft element (1). Shaft radiator according to claim 2, characterized in that the airflow throttle means (21) is connected to a flap (30) which is operated by the dice. Shaft radiator according to claim 3, characterized in that a control rod (35) is provided between the airflow throttle member (21) and the flap (30), which has 15 discs (36) for fixing the extreme positions of the airflow throttle member (21). Shaft radiator according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper cross-sectional surface between the separator-like transition piece (20) and the shaft element (1) is partially closed, yet having a downwardly extending extension piece (20 ') with a downwardly inclined inclination of the shaft. fleet. Shaft radiator according to claim 1, characterized in that the support and guide surfaces of the air ducting (11, 13, 13 ', 17, 18) are made up of several, loosely laid and one-piece air permeable plates (27). Shaft radiator according to claim 1, characterized in that each shaft element (1) has two pairs of recessed air inlet stays (11, 13, 13 ') and air outlet stays (17, 18). Shaft radiator according to claim 1, characterized in that the air outlet roofs (17, 18) of each shaft element (1) are arranged above the air inlet roofs (11, 13, 13 '). Shaft radiator according to claim 1, characterized in that the air guide roofs (11, 13, 13 ', 17, 18) have a length of from 1.0 to 1.5 m, preferably a length of 1.2 m. Shaft radiator according to claim 1, characterized in that a vertical wall (23) is arranged between it