DES0041423MA - - Google Patents

Description

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

Registration date: November 2, 1954. Advertised on June 7, 1956

GERMAN PATENT OFFICE

PATENT APPLICATION

CLASS 46a ⁶ GROUP 7

S 41423 IVc / 46a "

Harry John Andress, Jr., Pitman, N. J. (V. St. A.)

has been named as the inventor

Socony-Mobil Oil Company, Inc., New York, N.Y. (V. St. A.)

Representative: Dr. E. Wiegand, Munich 27, and Dipl.-Ing. W. Niemann, Hamburg 1,

Patent attorneys

Fuel for internal combustion engines based on gasoline

The priority of registration in the V. St. v. America of February 19, 1954 is claimed

The invention relates to the composition of fuels based on benigns for internal combustion engines, which enable the engine to work better resulted in cool and humid weather conditions.

A known difficulty encountered in operating automotive engines in cold and humid weather is that the engine frequently stops during the warm-up period. ίο This unpleasant phenomenon occurs particularly in northern zones during the transition and winter times. It is caused by the formation of ice in the machine's carburetor. Although the described difficulty has existed for a long time, it has become more apparent in recent years as a result of the use of more volatile winter petrol. , _; The evaporation of gasoline in the carburetor produces a considerable cooling effect, which is more pronounced with gasoline with higher volatility, ao

609 529/306

S 41423 IVc / 46a «

In cool, humid weather, this cooling effect is sufficient to cause condensation and Freezing of the humidity entering the carburetor with the air. As a result ice is formed in the time before the engine warms up, which narrows the air intake openings and. causes the engine to stall. This ice formation occurs in particular at outside temperatures of approximately - ι to approximately ίο + 18 ° if the relative humidity is higher than about 65%. It comes to a standstill particularly quickly when the machine is idling, more common with gasoline of higher volatility, such as. B. for those who want to use in winter northern zones are provided, however, equally with all types of gasoline in all types of Vehicles.

The purpose of the invention is to provide gasoline compositions with anti-icing properties Properties that ensure that the engine works essentially without stopping.

It has been found that this largely prevents ice formation in the carburetor of an engine. if a small amount of glycerine monooleate is incorporated into the gasoline. It is known that a gasoline fuel is a mixture of hydrocarbons, which have an initial boiling point between about 24 and about 57 ° and a final boiling point between about 121 and about 232 ⁰ and essentially boil continuously between these points.

Glycerine monooleate has excellent anti-icing properties for all types of gasoline. The gasoline can be straight-run or cracked Consist of petroleum distillates that boil in the gasoline range and consist of oils on paraffinic, naphthenic or mixed basis or from others! Crude oils originate. It can also Include products that are processed by special procedures, such as B. Polymerization, alkylation, hydrogenation, were manufactured. Mixed distillates and / or reprocessed starting oils, including those that have different refining treatments, such as B. Acid extraction, solvent treatment etc., are subjected to all with regard to their anti-icing property improved by a content of glycerol monooleate.

It is known to use small amounts of esters of higher aliphatic carboxylic acids, such as gasoline z. B. Triolein to add to produce a non-knocking fuel mixture.

It is also known for the purpose of adequate lubrication of a diesel fueled one Combustion machine and to reduce the risk of corrosion of the machine parts in the Diesel fuel to introduce an additive, which consists of a mixture of a polyalcohol fatty acid ester, an ester of aliphatic alcohols with lower aliphatic acids and an oil-soluble one Alkaline earth phenyl fatty acid salt with a petroleum raffmat consists.

Finally, it is known to use an anti-corrosion agent in a diesel fuel in an amount of 0.02 add up to 3 percent by weight, which is a fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol, such as Contains glycerin, and a fatty acid.

From the known, the invention differs in that a gasoline fuel by Addition of a glycerol monooleate can be imparted anti-icing properties.

Carburetor icing attempts

The ability of the glycerine monooleate to freeze of the carburetor and thereby the engine stopping is to be prevented by means of a A number of cold start attempts have been identified. During the tests, a basic gasoline was selected 100 ° / o straight-run component and with the following Features used:

boiling point

Beginning of 52.2 °

10 percent by volume 67.8 °

50 percent by volume 83.3 °

90 percent by volume 105.6 °

End, 136.7 ° _go

Reid vapor pressure 5.8

specific gravity ⁰ API 66.7

This gasoline was chosen because of its high volatility, which makes it engine stop particularly vulnerable in cold, damp working conditions.

The experimental procedure was as follows: A normal gasoline engine (Chevrolet engine) was in set up a "cold" room, which was equipped with temperature and humidity controls. at a room temperature kept at about 7 ° and a relative temperature kept at about 97%, The engine was started after humidity and allowed to run for ι minute at 2000 rpm with no load. At the end of the one-minute working period, the engine speed was reduced to 500 rpm, and the time required for the engine to stop was determined. It had previously been established that under these particular temperature and humidity conditions and the engine would stop immediately using the above-mentioned basic gasoline, if the speed would be reduced after the working period of ι minute. A row of Attempts were made using the basic gasoline containing various concentrations of the Glycerol monooleate according to the invention and other glycerol esters of fatty acids, carried out, a practically useful delay to determine the amount of ester required the time it takes to stop the engine and the unexpected To show the superiority of glycerol monooleate in this respect. The results of these experiments were the following:

529/306

S 41423 IVc / 46 α ⁶

Added ester Conc
tration
Weight
percent Time until
Stand still
in seconds no addition
Glycerine monooleate .......
Glycerol dioleate
Glycerol monolaurate
Diethylene glycol
monolaurate 0.003
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.03
0.06
0.05
0.12
0.03
0.06
0.12 O
3
I /
23
24
II
33
28
28
5
8th
16

It can be seen that the effect of the glycerol monooleate in terms of the amount required is superior to the other esters used.

It should be noted that many gasoline, including the so-called. Winter gasoline, less These are all fleeting in the aforementioned experiments used gasoline and that they were therefore exposed to weather conditions which allowed the Make the engine less prone to the Miotor stalling than the test gasoline are. Nonetheless, such gasolines tend to stall the engine, and they are checked in terms of their tendency to shut down the engine through the use of . Glycerine monooleate significantly improved. In the Usually you can use slightly smaller amounts of the additive be used for gasolines of relatively low volatility, while slightly larger quantities may be required for gasolines of higher volatility. In general, the Amount of contemplated additive from about 0.003 up to. about 0.009 percent by weight, based on the gasoline, with the special amount of the special benein to which the additive is added. In general, however, the use of a Amount of about 0.006 to 0.009 weight percent preferred.

The glycerine monooleate can be used in petrol that contains other additives included, such as B. tetraethyl lead. The tetraethyl lead content is usually about 1 to about 5 ecm each 3.79 1. It is also known that these gasolines usually use an organic halide as a lead scavenger, such as. B.

Contains ethylene dichloride, ethylene dibromide.

The gasoline can also be a known antioxidant contain of the type of a polyalkylated phenol, such as. B. 2,6-di-tert. Butyl paracresol, 2,4,6-tributylphenol, 2,4-dimethyl-, 6-sec. Butyl phenol. Appropriate amounts of such Antioxidants are between about 0.0004 to about 0.001 weight percent, based on on the gasoline.

The leaded gasoline can also contain known additives that prevent pre-ignition or inhibit, particularly with gasolines, for use in high compression engines are determined, e.g. B. Esters of phosphoric acids, such as triiphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, Trimethyl phosphate, diphenyl cresyl phosphate and trimethyl phosphite, or phosphoric acid esters, the Contain halogen and sulfur components, such as. B. tri-jö-chloropropyl thiophosphate. Such additives are in amounts of about 0.01 to about 0.03 percent by weight, based on the gasoline, admitted.

The gasoline can also contain known additives which metals such. B. copper, deactivate, which catalytically influence the oxidation of gasoline. Metal deactivators of the type Ship see bases are particularly suitable for this. These compounds are made through the condensation one mole of an aliphatic polyamine having two primary amine groups with two moles of an orthooxy substituted aromatic aldehyde and have the general formula

OH

OH

C = N-R-

OH

CH,

OH

C = N-CH ₂ -CH-N = C

in which R represents a divalent aliphatic radical.

A particularly effective compound is N, N'-disalicylal-i, 2-propylenediamine, which has the following structural formula:

Usually about 0.00004 to about 0.0004 percent by weight, based on the gasoline, admitted.

Examples *

A. A high compression engine gasoline, approximately 40 percent by volume thermally cracked, 30 volume percent catalytically cracked and 30 volume percent straight-run components contains the following additives: a) 0.009 percent by weight glycerol monooleate, b) 0.02 percent by weight Diphenyl cresyl phosphate, c) 0.004 percent by weight 2,6-di-tert. Butyl-p-cresol, d) 0.0002 Percentage by weight of disalicylal-1,2-propylenediamine, e) 2.5 ecm T. E. L. (triethyl lead) 3.79 each 1.

609 '529/306

S 41423 IVc / 46a ⁶

B. The same mixture is prepared, with the exception that for b) 0.02 percent by weight TriyS-cMorpropylthionephosphat is used.

Claims (2)

Patent claims: ι. Fuel for internal combustion engines based on gasoline, characterized by a Glycerin nonooleate content, preferably in an amount of about 0.003 to 0.009 percent by weight based on the fuel. 2. Fuel according to claim 1, characterized by a further content of a than Fuel additive known phosphoric acid esters in amounts of approximately 0.01 to 0.03 percent by weight, a polyalkylated phenol known as a fuel additive in amounts of approximately 0.0004 to 0.001 percent by weight of a condensation product known as a fuel additive of ι moles of an aliphatic polyamine with two primary amine groups with 2 moles an orthooxy-substituted aromatic Al-'dehyde in amounts from about 0.00004 to about 0.0004 percent by weight, the Quantities in percent by weight are based on the fuel, and tetraethyl lead in quantities from about 1 to 5 ecm per 3.79 liters of fuel. - Referred publications:
Swiss Patent No. 134 951;
German Patent No. 885,500;
U.S. Patent Nos. 2,527,889, 2,573,779.