DE887846C - Mercury-proof selenium rectifier - Google Patents

Mercury-proof selenium rectifier

Info

Publication number
DE887846C
DE887846C DE1948P0006798 DEP0006798D DE887846C DE 887846 C DE887846 C DE 887846C DE 1948P0006798 DE1948P0006798 DE 1948P0006798 DE P0006798 D DEP0006798 D DE P0006798D DE 887846 C DE887846 C DE 887846C
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
selenium
mercury
electrode
barrier layer
metal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
DE1948P0006798
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Franz Dr-Ing Tuczek
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to DE1948P0006798 priority Critical patent/DE887846C/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE887846C publication Critical patent/DE887846C/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/04Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
    • H01L21/06Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising selenium or tellurium in uncombined form other than as impurities in semiconductor bodies of other materials
    • H01L21/12Application of an electrode to the exposed surface of the selenium or tellurium after the selenium or tellurium has been applied to the foundation plate
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/04Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
    • H01L21/06Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising selenium or tellurium in uncombined form other than as impurities in semiconductor bodies of other materials
    • H01L21/10Preliminary treatment of the selenium or tellurium, its application to the foundation plate, or the subsequent treatment of the combination

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)

Description

Quecksilberfester Selengleichrichter Die bisher bekannten Selentrockengleichrichter leiden unter dem Übelstand, daß ihre Sperrfähigkeit durch Spuren von Quecksilberdampf, die z. B. durch Zerbrechen eines Thermometers, Quecksilberschalters oder Quecksilbergleichrichters in die Luft gelangen können, schnell und nachhaltig zerstört wird. Aus der Vollständigkeit dieses Vorganges und dem Umstand, daß er auch bei nicht erhöhten Temperaturen und ohne Strombelastung abläuft, muß man schließen, daß er darauf beruht, daß durch Eindringen von Quecksilber in die aus einer Zinn-Kadmium- oder Zinn-Kadmium-Wismiit-Legierung besteh-ende Deckelektrode die Austrittsarbeit herabgesetzt wird, die den Übergang der Elektronen aus dem Selen in die Elektrode erschwert. Diese Austrittsarbeit stellt aber ihrerseits die Grundlage für das Zustandekommen einer Sperrwirkung dar. Die bisher benutzte #Gegenmaßnahme gegendiese als Quecksilbervergiftung bekannte Erscheinung, den ganzen Gleichrichter mit einem Schutzlack zu überziehen, bleibt ihrer Natur nach unvollkommen, weil es vollständig undurchlässige Lacke nicht gibt, und bringt den Nachteil mit sich, daß die Wärmeabgabe an die Umgebung behindert und dadurch die Belastbarkeit des Gleichrichters herabgesetzt wird.Mercury-proof selenium rectifier The previously known dry selenium rectifier suffer from the disadvantage that their blocking ability is impaired by traces of mercury vapor, the z. B. by breaking a thermometer, mercury switch or mercury rectifier can get into the air, is destroyed quickly and sustainably. From the completeness this process and the fact that it is also at not elevated temperatures and runs without a current load, one must conclude that it is based on the fact that through Penetration of mercury into those made from a tin-cadmium or tin-cadmium-bismite alloy Existing cover electrode the work function is reduced, which is the transition the electrons from the selenium into the electrode difficult. This work function provides but in turn the basis for the creation of a blocking effect previously used # countermeasure against this phenomenon known as mercury poisoning, It is their nature to cover the whole rectifier with a protective varnish to imperfect, because there are no completely impermeable lacquers, and brings with the disadvantage that the heat dissipation to the environment is hindered and thereby the load capacity of the rectifier is reduced.

In den bekannten Selengleichrichtern benutzt man ein Selen, das seine Störstellenleitfähigkeit als Mangelhalbleiter einem Zusatz von Halogenverbindungen verdankt. Nun sind sQ1che Elektroden, in die der Austritt von Elektronen aus einem Halbleiter besonders leicht erfolgt, gerade sperrschichtbildend für die- andere Gruppe von Halbleitern, für die Überschußhalbleiter. Bei einem Selen, das gemäß der Erfindung ein Überschußhalbleiter ist, vernichtet ein Eindringen vonü_uecksilber in die Elektrode die Sperrwirkung nicht, sondern unterstützt sie sogar. Infolge seiner Stellung im Periodischen System der Elemente, nach der es etwa gleich leicht Elektronen aufneh.-men und abgeben kann, tritt das Selen als überschußhalbleiter auf, wenn man solche Störstellen in dasselbe eihbauenkann, die Elektronenan das Selengitt-er abgeben, anstatt wie bei dem bisher benutzten Selen Elektronen aus dem Gitter an sich zu ziehen. Dies geschieht, wenn man anstatt Verbindungen mit dem stark eIcktronegativen Halogen solche mit elektropositiven Elementen, im besonderen den stark elektropositiven Alkalirnetallen oder Erdalkalimetallen zusetzt. je stärker die chemische Affinität des Metalls ist, um so eher ist eine Störstellenwirkung von ihm und eine Konstanz dieser zu erwarten. Nachdem -,es sich gezeigt hat, daß der Zusatz der Verbindungen Se.Cl. oder SeBr2 zur Erzeugung einer Mangelleitfähigkeit besonders geeignet ist, in de'nen das Selen als elektropositives Element auftritt, wird man, um überschußleitf ähigkeit zu erhalten, zweckmäßig Verbindungen von dar entsprechenden Form Se.-Metall21 vorzugsweise S.e2-Alkali2, Wie Se2 Na2 wählen, in denen das Selen' als elektronegatives Element auftritt, um- so mehr als mancherlei Tatsachen die Annahme nahelegen, daß Verbindungen der Form Se.-Halogen, als solche in den Mangelstörstellen vorhänden sind.In the known selenium rectifiers, a selenium is used which owes its impurity conductivity as a deficient semiconductor to an addition of halogen compounds. Now, the same electrodes into which the escape of electrons from a semiconductor takes place particularly easily, just form a barrier layer for the other group of semiconductors, for the excess semiconductors. In the case of selenium, which according to the invention is an excess semiconductor, penetration of u_uecksilber into the electrode does not destroy the blocking effect, but actually supports it. As a result of its position in the periodic system of the elements, according to which it can accept and release electrons with approximately equal ease, selenium appears as an excess semiconductor if one can build such impurities in it that release electrons to the selenium grid instead of as with the previously used selenium to attract electrons from the lattice. This happens if, instead of compounds with the strongly corner-negative halogen, compounds with electropositive elements, in particular the strongly electropositive alkali metals or alkaline earth metals, are added. the stronger the chemical affinity of the metal, the more likely an impurity effect and a constancy of this can be expected from it. After -, it has been shown that the addition of the compounds Se.Cl. or SeBr2 for generating a shortage conductivity is particularly useful in the selenium de'nen occurs as an electro-positive element, one is to obtain überschußleitf BILITY, functional connections of corresponding shape is Se.-Metall21 preferably S.e2-Alkali2 how Na2 Se2 in which selenium appears as an electronegative element, all the more so since various facts suggest the assumption that compounds of the form Se-halogen are present as such in the defect sites.

Als sperrschichtbildende Elektroden, auch als Gegen- oder Deckelektroden bezeichnet, sind beim Erfindungsgegenstand solche aus Edelmetallen oder Metallen mit Edelmetallcharakter, wie Nickel und Chrom, wirksam. Um das Ziel der Erfindung zu erreichen, wird daher vorgeschlagen, die dünne und ihr#z-r Struktur nach für Quecksilber durchlässige Deckelektrode aus einem solchen Metall zu machen. Es kann zweckmäßig sein, dem Elektrodenmetall von vornherein Quecksilber beizugleben, z. B. damit die Eigenschaften, des Gleichrichters sich bei Aufnahme von Quecksilber aus der Luft nicht ändern. Um Sperrschichtbildung auf der Seite der Trägerelektrode Zu - vermeiden, ist als Trägermetall ein solches zu verwenden, das eine kleine Austrittsarbeit,zum Selen besitzt, wie z. B. Magnesium oder eine Legierung damit. Durch ihre größere Dicke und ihre Struktur ist diese Elektrode davor geschützt, durch Quecksilberaufnahme zu einer sperrschichtbildenden zu wer-den, was für das einwandfreie Arbeiten des Gleichrichters Bedingung ist.In the subject matter of the invention, electrodes made of noble metals or metals with a noble metal character, such as nickel and chromium, are effective as barrier layer-forming electrodes, also referred to as counter or cover electrodes. In order to achieve the aim of the invention, it is therefore proposed to make the thin cover electrode, which is permeable to mercury according to its structure, from such a metal. It may be useful to add mercury to the electrode metal from the outset, e.g. B. so that the properties of the rectifier do not change when mercury is absorbed from the air. To junction formation on the side of the carrier electrode to - avoid is to use as a base metal such that a small work, has to selenium such. B. Magnesium or an alloy with it. Due to its greater thickness and structure, this electrode is protected from becoming a barrier layer due to the uptake of mercury, which is a prerequisite for the rectifier to work properly.

Claims (2)

PATENTANSPRÜCHE- i. Gege'n'O-uecksilber-dampf unempfindlicher Trockengleichrichter mit Selen als Halbleiter, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Selen Überschußleitfähigkeit, beispielsweise durch an sich bekannte Zusätze eines oder mehrerer elektropositiver Elemente, vorzugsweise der AlkalioderiErdall<:alimetalle, gegebenenfalls in Form von Verbindungen aufweist, und daß die sperrschichtb,ildende Elektrode aus einem schwach elcktropositiven Metall oder Legierungen solcher, vorzugsweise aus Edelmetall bzw. mit Ede,Imeta,Ilchgrakter, -besteht, und daß die Trägerelektrode für das Selen aus einem oder mehreren Metallen stark elektrapositiven Charakters, beispielsweise Magnesium, besteht. PATENT CLAIMS- i. Dry rectifier insensitive to counter-o-mercury vapor with selenium as semiconductor, characterized in that the selenium has excess conductivity, for example through known additions of one or more electropositive elements, preferably the alkali or earth metal <: alimetalle, optionally in the form of compounds, and that the barrier layer forming electrode consists of a weakly electropositive metal or alloys of such, preferably of noble metal or with Ede, Imeta, Ilchgrakter, and that the carrier electrode for the selenium consists of one or more metals of a strongly electrapositive character, for example magnesium, consists. 2. Trocken#gleichrichter nach Anspruch i, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der sperrschichtbildenden Elektrode Quecksilber beigemischt ist. Angezogen-, Druckschriften: Deutsche Patentschriften Nr. 512817, 517347, 736 758; - britische Patentschriften Nr. 562 862, 464:268; Deutscher Patentbericht, Bd. 4, Physik der festen Körper, Teil II, S. 113.2. Dry rectifier according to claim i, characterized in that mercury is added to the electrode which forms the barrier layer. Attracted, printed publications: German Patent Nos. 512817, 517347, 736 758; - British Patent Nos. 562 862, 464: 268; German Patent Report, Vol. 4, Physics of Solid Bodies, Part II, p. 113.
DE1948P0006798 1948-10-02 1948-10-02 Mercury-proof selenium rectifier Expired DE887846C (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1948P0006798 DE887846C (en) 1948-10-02 1948-10-02 Mercury-proof selenium rectifier

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1948P0006798 DE887846C (en) 1948-10-02 1948-10-02 Mercury-proof selenium rectifier

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE887846C true DE887846C (en) 1953-08-27

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DE (1) DE887846C (en)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE512817C (en) * 1928-10-30 1930-11-17 Sueddeutsche Telefon App Kabel Electric dry rectifier
DE517347C (en) * 1928-10-01 1931-02-05 Sueddeutsche Telefon App Kabel Electric valve
GB464268A (en) * 1935-11-22 1937-04-14 Philips Nv Improvements in electrode systems with unsymmetrical conductivity such as dry rectifier, or light-sensitive, cells
DE736758C (en) * 1937-06-05 1943-06-26 Aeg Process for the production of a dry rectifier of the selenium type with a carrier electrode made of light metal
GB562862A (en) * 1942-12-07 1944-07-19 Gen Electric Co Ltd Improvements in electric dry plate rectifiers

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE517347C (en) * 1928-10-01 1931-02-05 Sueddeutsche Telefon App Kabel Electric valve
DE512817C (en) * 1928-10-30 1930-11-17 Sueddeutsche Telefon App Kabel Electric dry rectifier
GB464268A (en) * 1935-11-22 1937-04-14 Philips Nv Improvements in electrode systems with unsymmetrical conductivity such as dry rectifier, or light-sensitive, cells
DE736758C (en) * 1937-06-05 1943-06-26 Aeg Process for the production of a dry rectifier of the selenium type with a carrier electrode made of light metal
GB562862A (en) * 1942-12-07 1944-07-19 Gen Electric Co Ltd Improvements in electric dry plate rectifiers

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