DE887846C - Mercury-proof selenium rectifier - Google Patents
Mercury-proof selenium rectifierInfo
- Publication number
- DE887846C DE887846C DE1948P0006798 DEP0006798D DE887846C DE 887846 C DE887846 C DE 887846C DE 1948P0006798 DE1948P0006798 DE 1948P0006798 DE P0006798 D DEP0006798 D DE P0006798D DE 887846 C DE887846 C DE 887846C
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- selenium
- mercury
- electrode
- barrier layer
- metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 title claims description 18
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 16
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 16
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000008763 Mercury poisoning Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010027439 Metal poisoning Diseases 0.000 description 1
- CSBHIHQQSASAFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cd].[Sn] Chemical compound [Cd].[Sn] CSBHIHQQSASAFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- WMWLMWRWZQELOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Bi]O[Bi]=O WMWLMWRWZQELOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MNBLRJWKVLRTKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromo selenohypobromite Chemical compound Br[Se]Br MNBLRJWKVLRTKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/06—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising selenium or tellurium in uncombined form other than as impurities in semiconductor bodies of other materials
- H01L21/12—Application of an electrode to the exposed surface of the selenium or tellurium after the selenium or tellurium has been applied to the foundation plate
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/06—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising selenium or tellurium in uncombined form other than as impurities in semiconductor bodies of other materials
- H01L21/10—Preliminary treatment of the selenium or tellurium, its application to the foundation plate, or the subsequent treatment of the combination
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Rectifiers (AREA)
Description
Quecksilberfester Selengleichrichter Die bisher bekannten Selentrockengleichrichter leiden unter dem Übelstand, daß ihre Sperrfähigkeit durch Spuren von Quecksilberdampf, die z. B. durch Zerbrechen eines Thermometers, Quecksilberschalters oder Quecksilbergleichrichters in die Luft gelangen können, schnell und nachhaltig zerstört wird. Aus der Vollständigkeit dieses Vorganges und dem Umstand, daß er auch bei nicht erhöhten Temperaturen und ohne Strombelastung abläuft, muß man schließen, daß er darauf beruht, daß durch Eindringen von Quecksilber in die aus einer Zinn-Kadmium- oder Zinn-Kadmium-Wismiit-Legierung besteh-ende Deckelektrode die Austrittsarbeit herabgesetzt wird, die den Übergang der Elektronen aus dem Selen in die Elektrode erschwert. Diese Austrittsarbeit stellt aber ihrerseits die Grundlage für das Zustandekommen einer Sperrwirkung dar. Die bisher benutzte #Gegenmaßnahme gegendiese als Quecksilbervergiftung bekannte Erscheinung, den ganzen Gleichrichter mit einem Schutzlack zu überziehen, bleibt ihrer Natur nach unvollkommen, weil es vollständig undurchlässige Lacke nicht gibt, und bringt den Nachteil mit sich, daß die Wärmeabgabe an die Umgebung behindert und dadurch die Belastbarkeit des Gleichrichters herabgesetzt wird.Mercury-proof selenium rectifier The previously known dry selenium rectifier suffer from the disadvantage that their blocking ability is impaired by traces of mercury vapor, the z. B. by breaking a thermometer, mercury switch or mercury rectifier can get into the air, is destroyed quickly and sustainably. From the completeness this process and the fact that it is also at not elevated temperatures and runs without a current load, one must conclude that it is based on the fact that through Penetration of mercury into those made from a tin-cadmium or tin-cadmium-bismite alloy Existing cover electrode the work function is reduced, which is the transition the electrons from the selenium into the electrode difficult. This work function provides but in turn the basis for the creation of a blocking effect previously used # countermeasure against this phenomenon known as mercury poisoning, It is their nature to cover the whole rectifier with a protective varnish to imperfect, because there are no completely impermeable lacquers, and brings with the disadvantage that the heat dissipation to the environment is hindered and thereby the load capacity of the rectifier is reduced.
In den bekannten Selengleichrichtern benutzt man ein Selen, das seine Störstellenleitfähigkeit als Mangelhalbleiter einem Zusatz von Halogenverbindungen verdankt. Nun sind sQ1che Elektroden, in die der Austritt von Elektronen aus einem Halbleiter besonders leicht erfolgt, gerade sperrschichtbildend für die- andere Gruppe von Halbleitern, für die Überschußhalbleiter. Bei einem Selen, das gemäß der Erfindung ein Überschußhalbleiter ist, vernichtet ein Eindringen vonü_uecksilber in die Elektrode die Sperrwirkung nicht, sondern unterstützt sie sogar. Infolge seiner Stellung im Periodischen System der Elemente, nach der es etwa gleich leicht Elektronen aufneh.-men und abgeben kann, tritt das Selen als überschußhalbleiter auf, wenn man solche Störstellen in dasselbe eihbauenkann, die Elektronenan das Selengitt-er abgeben, anstatt wie bei dem bisher benutzten Selen Elektronen aus dem Gitter an sich zu ziehen. Dies geschieht, wenn man anstatt Verbindungen mit dem stark eIcktronegativen Halogen solche mit elektropositiven Elementen, im besonderen den stark elektropositiven Alkalirnetallen oder Erdalkalimetallen zusetzt. je stärker die chemische Affinität des Metalls ist, um so eher ist eine Störstellenwirkung von ihm und eine Konstanz dieser zu erwarten. Nachdem -,es sich gezeigt hat, daß der Zusatz der Verbindungen Se.Cl. oder SeBr2 zur Erzeugung einer Mangelleitfähigkeit besonders geeignet ist, in de'nen das Selen als elektropositives Element auftritt, wird man, um überschußleitf ähigkeit zu erhalten, zweckmäßig Verbindungen von dar entsprechenden Form Se.-Metall21 vorzugsweise S.e2-Alkali2, Wie Se2 Na2 wählen, in denen das Selen' als elektronegatives Element auftritt, um- so mehr als mancherlei Tatsachen die Annahme nahelegen, daß Verbindungen der Form Se.-Halogen, als solche in den Mangelstörstellen vorhänden sind.In the known selenium rectifiers, a selenium is used which owes its impurity conductivity as a deficient semiconductor to an addition of halogen compounds. Now, the same electrodes into which the escape of electrons from a semiconductor takes place particularly easily, just form a barrier layer for the other group of semiconductors, for the excess semiconductors. In the case of selenium, which according to the invention is an excess semiconductor, penetration of u_uecksilber into the electrode does not destroy the blocking effect, but actually supports it. As a result of its position in the periodic system of the elements, according to which it can accept and release electrons with approximately equal ease, selenium appears as an excess semiconductor if one can build such impurities in it that release electrons to the selenium grid instead of as with the previously used selenium to attract electrons from the lattice. This happens if, instead of compounds with the strongly corner-negative halogen, compounds with electropositive elements, in particular the strongly electropositive alkali metals or alkaline earth metals, are added. the stronger the chemical affinity of the metal, the more likely an impurity effect and a constancy of this can be expected from it. After -, it has been shown that the addition of the compounds Se.Cl. or SeBr2 for generating a shortage conductivity is particularly useful in the selenium de'nen occurs as an electro-positive element, one is to obtain überschußleitf BILITY, functional connections of corresponding shape is Se.-Metall21 preferably S.e2-Alkali2 how Na2 Se2 in which selenium appears as an electronegative element, all the more so since various facts suggest the assumption that compounds of the form Se-halogen are present as such in the defect sites.
Als sperrschichtbildende Elektroden, auch als Gegen- oder Deckelektroden bezeichnet, sind beim Erfindungsgegenstand solche aus Edelmetallen oder Metallen mit Edelmetallcharakter, wie Nickel und Chrom, wirksam. Um das Ziel der Erfindung zu erreichen, wird daher vorgeschlagen, die dünne und ihr#z-r Struktur nach für Quecksilber durchlässige Deckelektrode aus einem solchen Metall zu machen. Es kann zweckmäßig sein, dem Elektrodenmetall von vornherein Quecksilber beizugleben, z. B. damit die Eigenschaften, des Gleichrichters sich bei Aufnahme von Quecksilber aus der Luft nicht ändern. Um Sperrschichtbildung auf der Seite der Trägerelektrode Zu - vermeiden, ist als Trägermetall ein solches zu verwenden, das eine kleine Austrittsarbeit,zum Selen besitzt, wie z. B. Magnesium oder eine Legierung damit. Durch ihre größere Dicke und ihre Struktur ist diese Elektrode davor geschützt, durch Quecksilberaufnahme zu einer sperrschichtbildenden zu wer-den, was für das einwandfreie Arbeiten des Gleichrichters Bedingung ist.In the subject matter of the invention, electrodes made of noble metals or metals with a noble metal character, such as nickel and chromium, are effective as barrier layer-forming electrodes, also referred to as counter or cover electrodes. In order to achieve the aim of the invention, it is therefore proposed to make the thin cover electrode, which is permeable to mercury according to its structure, from such a metal. It may be useful to add mercury to the electrode metal from the outset, e.g. B. so that the properties of the rectifier do not change when mercury is absorbed from the air. To junction formation on the side of the carrier electrode to - avoid is to use as a base metal such that a small work, has to selenium such. B. Magnesium or an alloy with it. Due to its greater thickness and structure, this electrode is protected from becoming a barrier layer due to the uptake of mercury, which is a prerequisite for the rectifier to work properly.
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE1948P0006798 DE887846C (en) | 1948-10-02 | 1948-10-02 | Mercury-proof selenium rectifier |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE1948P0006798 DE887846C (en) | 1948-10-02 | 1948-10-02 | Mercury-proof selenium rectifier |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE887846C true DE887846C (en) | 1953-08-27 |
Family
ID=7360841
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE1948P0006798 Expired DE887846C (en) | 1948-10-02 | 1948-10-02 | Mercury-proof selenium rectifier |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE887846C (en) |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE512817C (en) * | 1928-10-30 | 1930-11-17 | Sueddeutsche Telefon App Kabel | Electric dry rectifier |
DE517347C (en) * | 1928-10-01 | 1931-02-05 | Sueddeutsche Telefon App Kabel | Electric valve |
GB464268A (en) * | 1935-11-22 | 1937-04-14 | Philips Nv | Improvements in electrode systems with unsymmetrical conductivity such as dry rectifier, or light-sensitive, cells |
DE736758C (en) * | 1937-06-05 | 1943-06-26 | Aeg | Process for the production of a dry rectifier of the selenium type with a carrier electrode made of light metal |
GB562862A (en) * | 1942-12-07 | 1944-07-19 | Gen Electric Co Ltd | Improvements in electric dry plate rectifiers |
-
1948
- 1948-10-02 DE DE1948P0006798 patent/DE887846C/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE517347C (en) * | 1928-10-01 | 1931-02-05 | Sueddeutsche Telefon App Kabel | Electric valve |
DE512817C (en) * | 1928-10-30 | 1930-11-17 | Sueddeutsche Telefon App Kabel | Electric dry rectifier |
GB464268A (en) * | 1935-11-22 | 1937-04-14 | Philips Nv | Improvements in electrode systems with unsymmetrical conductivity such as dry rectifier, or light-sensitive, cells |
DE736758C (en) * | 1937-06-05 | 1943-06-26 | Aeg | Process for the production of a dry rectifier of the selenium type with a carrier electrode made of light metal |
GB562862A (en) * | 1942-12-07 | 1944-07-19 | Gen Electric Co Ltd | Improvements in electric dry plate rectifiers |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE1024640B (en) | Process for the production of crystallodes | |
DE820318C (en) | Selenium bodies, especially for dry rectifiers, photo elements and light-sensitive resistance cells | |
DE976360C (en) | Method for producing a pn junction between two zones of different conductivity types within a semiconductor body | |
DE102010018760A1 (en) | Thermoelectric material with a multi-transition-doped type I clathrate crystal structure | |
DE887846C (en) | Mercury-proof selenium rectifier | |
DE3011952C2 (en) | Barrier-free, low-resistance contact on III-V semiconductor material | |
DE1162486B (en) | Power semiconductor rectifier for use up to temperatures of around 1000 Ò C with a semiconductor body made of cubic boron phosphide | |
DE659207C (en) | Process to increase the electrical conductivity of tin bronzes | |
DE3151212A1 (en) | SEMICONDUCTOR ELEMENT | |
DE448474C (en) | Thermoelectric combination, especially for temperature measurement | |
DE685857C (en) | Welding electrodes for electrical spot welding machines | |
DE892945C (en) | Process for the production of selenium photo elements | |
AT210479B (en) | Process for the production of a highly doped area in semiconductor bodies | |
DE915718C (en) | Self-powered photocell, consisting of a semiconductor layer arranged between two electrodes | |
DE497474C (en) | Electric valve | |
AT212439B (en) | Conductor with strongly curved current-voltage characteristic for use in control equipment | |
DE814914C (en) | Copper oxide rectifier, especially the smallest internal capacity, for small powers at low voltages, preferably for high frequencies | |
DE1008088B (en) | Method for producing a solder connection between two bodies, in particular on a surface rectifier or transistor between a system electrode and a pick-up electrode or a connection line | |
DE1266510B (en) | A semiconductor device having a semiconductor body with at least one contact and a method of manufacturing | |
DE759357C (en) | Process for the production of a secondary emitting electrode with a large surface | |
DE388976C (en) | Protection against break-in and theft | |
DE1060054B (en) | Process for the production of selenium rectifiers with layers containing halogen and thallium | |
AT136250B (en) | Process for metallization by cathodic sputtering. | |
DE645231C (en) | Electrode for thermionic discharges | |
AT233059B (en) | Semiconductor device and method for its manufacture |