DE8526892U1 - Bistable folding body - Google Patents

Description

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description

The invention relates to a folding body with a cover surface formed by a regular polygon and one with a congruent polygon formed base, with the fold lines along the side edges of the top and the Base area, as well as the edges of the side surfaces are provided.

The object of the invention is to create a folding body which can assume two stable states. The two "Stable" states are defined in such a way that the folding body is folded towards one another in two layers of its individual areas can be, each of which are different geometrical solids, although the side edges of cover and bottom fish that the edges connecting the base and the top surface, as well as the diagonals along which the folding bodies are to be folded, are to be folded are the same. In the "stable" states, these edges, side edges and diagonals are not deformed. In the other relative positions to each other should result in a certain elastic force, which has the tendency to the folding body to transfer to one of the stable states. In other words: a bistable folding body is to be created.

According to the invention, this object is achieved in that, furthermore, also fold lines along a respective diagonal of the side surfaces are provided, and the folding body under elastic

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Deformation of the diagonals and / or the triangular surfaces given on both sides of a diagonal by a first smaller-volume stable state in a second larger volume stable state is foldable, whereby the Relationships

(a) h> h * = 2 ~ y 4 R ² - a

(b) I + d <R with d ^ 0

apply, where

h * the height of the center (M) of the polygon perimeter above a side edge;

R is the radius of the polygon perimeter:

a is the length of a side edge of the polygon;

d is the distance between a triangle, firstly through a side edge of the top surface, secondly through the an one of the corner points of the side edge leading to the base edge of the adjacent side surface and thirdly, through the one that adjoins the other corner point of the side edge and leads to the same corner point of the base area Diagonal is formed, results between the corner point of the base, which is the end point of said diagonal forms * and a perpendicular going through the first-mentioned corner point of the side edge, and

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h is the height of said corner point above the side edge of the top surface, and furthermore all are the end points of all Diagonals, which are the corner points of the base, when arranging the triangles mentioned in such a way that the side edges of the Top surface result in the polygon of the top surface, lie on or outside the polygon perimeter.

The invention creates a folding body which is characterized by ■ |

slight rotation of the top surface in relation to the base surface ψ

from a small-volume stable state to a ψ

h larger volume stable state snaps. In doing so, ','

d ^ e angle of the two triangular surfaces, which together each have one

Form a side surface divided by a diagonal, to each other V and to the adjacent top or base line. f

An important special case included in the definition above is the O ^e convolution. In this case all angles of the surfaces to one another in one of the stable states are equal to zero. The lower volume state is then one in which the volume of the folded body is equal to zero. This state can also be called a state of perfect or total folding.

Another important case contained in the above definition is that of the prismatis;:? N convolution. In the prismatic folding are the edges connecting the corner points of the base area with the corner points of the top surface

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Larger volume, stable state on the base and top surface, vertical. The base area coincides with in this state the projection of the top surface onto the plane of the base. In all other cases result in the larger volume State of antiprismatic geometric bodies, i.e. bodies in which the base area is around a Angle is twisted that is not equal to the center angle enclosing an edge of the polygon.

Further advantageous developments emerge from the subclaims.

Packaging, displays or, in general, spatial structures that are used for the one should be folded up in a small space in order for |

ρ the transport or the time of non-use volume to f

save and which should then be larger in volume when unfolded.

Use cases also arise with office modules, Decorative objects, or in space travel for large-scale structures (antennas, carriers for solar cells, etc.), which should be folded up to save space for transport. Bumpers or are also used as applications Shock absorber in question, e.g. the deformable bumper that returns to its original state after deformation can be returned.

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Embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It represent:

Figure 1a, 1b, 1c

Top view, side view, perspective view of the first

Embodiment in the folded state;

Figure? A, 2b, 2c

Top view, side view and perspective illustration of the Embodiment according to Figure 1 in the unfolded state;

Figure 3

a cardboard blank that can be folded and Gluing xum embodiment according to Figures 1 and 2 lead;

Figure 3a

a modification of the cardboard blank after Fig. 3;

FIGS. 4 and 4a are diagrams for explaining the invention;

Figure 5a, 5b

Perspective view in the unfolded and collapsed state of another Modification of the 1st embodiment;

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Figure 6a, 6b, 6c

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Side view in the unfolded state, side view in the folded state, as well as Top view in the folded state of a second embodiment;

Figures 7a, 7b, 7c

Side view when unfolded, top view when folded State and diagram to explain a third exemplary embodiment with triangular base and top surface.

The folding body 10 is in Figure 1a, b, c in its first stable state and shown in Figure 2 in its second stable state. He is in the first state "folded up" (see FIG. 1c), in the second state it is "folded out" (see FIG. 2c). The folding body after the The embodiment in the unfolded state is an "anti-prism". An anti-prism arises when one with one Prism rotates the upper surface (top surface) in relation to the lower surface (base surface) by a certain angle in such a way that that the projection of the top surface on the plane of the base is no longer congruent with the base.

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In the exemplary embodiment, it is a 0 ^s fold, ie in the folded state, the side edges of the base and top surface with the diagonals of the side surfaces form the

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Angle Ο ". In the folded state that is the top surface is located on the base surface to * the volume. Is zero Although in Pig. 1b and 1d of this condition not efcäkt but shown only approximate, Om, the individual side edges _t better represent edges and diagonals and To be able to convey a spatial impression; in the ideal case - ie * with infinitely thin surface parts - the drawn angle would be £. = O. Where £ * is the angle that results between the diagonal and the side edge and which is shown in projection in Fig. 1b The projection takes place parallel to the base.

As can be seen most easily from FIG. 2c, the folding body 10 has a top surface 1 and a base surface 2. In both have a square opening 3 and 4 respectively. Top and base 1 and 2 are square, but - in Top view - in the folded state by approx. 20 * (cf. Fig. 1a) and in the unfolded state by approx. 70 * (cf. Fig. 2a) rotated against each other.

The corner points of the top surface 1 are 11, 12, 13, 14, the The corner points of the base area 2 are designated by 21 to 24. The designation of the diagonals is chosen so that the two Corner points that are connected by them, separated by a slash, are indicated with one another; so e.g. connects the diagonal 14/23 the corner point 14 of the top surface 1 with the corner point 23 of the base surface 2. The

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Edges that form a corner point of the top surface with a corner point the base area are also identified by the corner points, but with a hyphen tied together. Thus, the edge 14-24 connects the corner point 14 of the top surface 1 with the corner point 24 of the base surface 2. The horizontally running side edges of the base area and the top area are also indicated by specifying the corner points a colon connected together, identified. So the side edge 22:23 connects the corner points 22 and 23 of the Base area 2. In the drawings and the claims, however, for the sake of clarity, not all corner points are Designated diagonals, side edges and edges. On the basis of the above information, however, every edge (s) can be Clearly identify side edge, diagonal, corner point.

The folding body 10 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 can be produced, for example, from the cardboard blank 20 which is shown in FIG. In other words, such a blank is cut out of cardboard. So it has physically existing, ie not only purely abstract areas of cardboard, which are connected to one another and foldable along the edges, side edges and diagonals. At the points at which flat areas are then to be glued to one another so that the folded body 10 is produced, glue tabs, for example the glue parts 5 and 6, are provided. The lines drawn in, which result in the edges, side edges and diagonals of the folding body, are pre-folded so that when the _;

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Surfaces forms a kink or a fold line. The cardboard blank 20 according to Fig * 3 is then folded and glued, that the folding body 10 according to FIG. 1 or after Fig. 2 results. The adhesive flaps 5 and 6 are glued at the points indicated with dash-dotted arrows. The position of other gluing points results from this without further ado. The reference symbols of the corner points 11, 21 are shown in FIG. 3 awarded twice. They are congruent when the cardboard blank 20 is glued to the folding body 10.

When folding from the first state (Fig. 1) to the second State (Fig. 2), there is a certain elastic S-shaped deformation of the diagonals during the transition (see the dashed line Line of the diagonal 14/23 in Fig. 2c), as well as the triangular surfaces lying on both sides of the diagonals, e.g. the Triangular areas, which are defined by the corner points 13, 23, 14 and 23, 24, 14 are defined. If the folding body 10 is folded from one state to the other, this occurs Triangular surfaces have an elastic deformation in the form of a bulge, leading to the elastic deformation in S-shape the diagonals bordering the triangular surfaces and (to a lesser extent) the bordering edges and side edges leads. Since the deformation is elastic, the material must be determined so that it runs along the edges and the adjacent ones Parts of the material areas forming the triangular surfaces these resists elastic deformation. With the bulges of the triangular surfaces and the resulting deformations at

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Evil passage from one condition to the other must not have any cracks result. It follows that in every state that does not <iinef of the two stable states is, due to the elastic deformation, restoring forces are present, which the tendency have to move the folding body into one of the stable states. If, for example, you have a folding body with about the dimensions 10 χ 10 x10 cm top and base area grabs and twisted against each other, so the folding body "snaps" afterwards Overcoming the restoring force pushing back into the initial state into the other state. For example, if you take the Folding body 10 according to FIG. 1 and rotates the base surface in the opposite direction with respect to the top surface, so it snaps the folded body, after an initial elastic resistance, into the state according to FIG. 2.

The edges 11-21, 12-22 etc. then move from a horizontal position to a - depending on the dimensioning of the Angle - more or less vertical position. One recognizes that in Fig. 2a that the projection visible from above of the Edges 11-21 etc. in Fig. 2a is significantly shorter than in Fig. 1a.

Such a folding body is when it is very often from eggs one state is folded into the other, at its corner points 11 to 14 and 21 to 24 a certain exposed to concentrated mechanical stress. One can then in order to destroy the corners in the long run

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avoid modifying the cardboard blank 20 like that shown in Fig. 3a. Cut small circles from the cardboard blank 20 at the corner points (e.g. with 5 to 8mm diameter). The side edges, edges, and diagonals are nevertheless in theirs over the surfaces surrounding the circles relative position to each other is defined and stable enough to withstand the forces that occur during elastic deformation to record.

So that two stable states are given with the same position of the edges, side edges and diagonals, there are certain to comply with geometric conditions. They are shown in FIG.

Fig. 4 shows in the drawing the triangular surface which is shown in Fig. 1 or 2 between the corner points 11 and 12 of the top surface 1 and the corner point 21 of the base area 2 is given. In principle, it is a triangular surface, as it is with the folding body 10 according to FIG. 1 (cf. in particular the top view of FIG. 1a) is given; however, they are Dimensions chosen slightly different to the conditions specified in claim 1 in somewhat greater generality to be able to represent (as already stated, the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2 is a so-called. O * convolution, while the geometric conditions are based on Fig. 4 also for the other cases he la -.-. Ert).

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In Fig. 4, a circle is initially drawn. Its center point is M. The circle has the radius R. Lie on top of it all corner points of the top surface or of the polygon defined by the top surface, e.g. corner points 11 and 12 at Embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2. The circle shown is therefore the circumference of the polygon. The polygon is regular. the Length of an edge, e.g. edge 11:12 is a.

Thus, h * is the height of point M above the side edge 11:12.

The first condition is that the point 21, at which, starting from the corner points 11 and 12 of the side edge 11:12, the edge 11-21 and the diagonal 12/21 intersect, has a distance h from the side edge 11:12, which is greater than h * is. The point 21 in FIG. 4 must therefore lie below the line h = h *.

The height h of point 21 above the base line, in which the side edge 11:12 lies, intersects this base line in the point A. The distance from A to corner point 11 is denoted by d. Another condition is that d is greater than or equal to zero i.e. to the left of the line denoted by d = 0 in Fig. 4. This line is also the perpendicular through the Corner point T1 and labeled 11 ·. So the distance d is In other words, the distance of the point 21 from the vertical line 11 ′ which passes through the corner point 11.

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Furthermore, it must be ensured that point 21 in FIG
is not too far to the left. That is, it must not be so far to the left that the height h lies outside the circle. Since the circle diameter is given by R, you can do this
Condition based on the length of the side edge of the
Polygons, such that the sum of a / 2 and d
must be smaller than R. This means that point 21 in FIG. 4 is to the right of the line denoted by a / 2 + d = R
must lie.

The last condition is that point 21 does not lie within the circle around M of radius R; ie that all end points 21 etc. of all diagonals 12/21 etc., the corner points of the
Base area 2, must lie outside or on the polygon perimeter. With this approach one must all
arranging respective triangular faces of a folding body to each other such that the side edges together result AESS polygon e'er top surface. This is indicated in Fig. 4a. When looking at FIG. 4a, one must not be confused by the fact that the corner points 21, etc. lie on a circle
which is much larger than the circle around M with the radius R. The representation according to FIG. 4a is not a plan view of the fitting body, but a juxtaposition of the triangular surfaces which result from the inclusion of the side edges of the cover polygon. The top view of the resulting folding body would
Projections of the spatial body result in which

again in both stable states the corner points of both the top surface and the base surface would lie on the same circle. The schematic representation according to FIG. 4a only changes into a top view of the resulting folded body in the collapsed state when the condition for a 0 "fold is given, ie when the corner points 21 etc. lie on the circle around M with radius R. (see. Fig. 1a).

The area in which the corner point 21 can lie is n "t 30 designated.

It should be added to FIGS. 4 and 4a that the height h can be calculated according to the Pythagorean theorem. It applies

h * = "γ 4R ² - a ²

It should also be added that a prismatic folding body is then used in the sense of the definitions given above is obtained when d = 0, i.e. when the corner point 21 in FIG. 4 lies on the line denoted by d = 0.

Figures 5a and 5b show an advantageous further modification of the first embodiment. Are there

\ several folded bodies 10, as they have been described with reference to FIGS. 1, 2, 3a and 4, 4a, attached to one another. The "joining" is to be understood in a geometric sense. In fact, the body arises from you

■? Cardboard blank, which is created by the fact that several

Cardboard blanks 20 according to 3a graphically joined together, cut out and glued together. Here, Fig. 5a shows the resulting folding body 40 in unfolded, Fig. 5b in the folded state. To Fig. 5b it should again be added that the representation to to be able to show the lines graphically, not exactly exactly,

& but is pulled apart a little (0 * folding). |

Figures 6a, 6b, 6c show, as a further embodiment, a folding body 50 in a side view in the unfolded State (Fig. 6a), in a side view in the folded state (Fig. 6b), and in a top view in the folded state State (Fig. 6c). It is a prismatic folding body. This is where it differs from that Embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 3, in which it is was an "anti-prismatic" body. In the sense of the above conditions, d = 0, i.e. the corner point 21 would be included a representation analogous to FIG. 4 on the vertical 11 '. It is also a body with a 0 * -convolution, in which the In a representation analogous to FIG. 4, corner point 21 would lie on the circle around M with radius R (although the representation in Fig. 6b is drawn slightly differently for the sake of better illustration.).

The Ausfütfrungsbeispiel according to Fig. 6 shows a practical one Use of such a folding body as a packaging container, e.g. for beverages. By doing

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Unfolded first stable, larger volume state According to Fig. 6a, such a folding body can serve as a container for a drink, while it is in the folded state with the volume of garbage can be transported or stacked or stored or thrown away in a minimal space. In doing so, As already mentioned, it should be emphasized again that the representation according to FIG. 6b is only for the sake of clarity from the ideal situation is shown slightly different to represent the various edges, side edges and diagonals to be able to. However, the folding body 50 can be compressed even further than is shown in FIG. 6b. in the The exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 6 are also, as in the modification of the first exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3a, cut out holes at the corner points so as not to destroy the corner points when folding frequently. If you use one such a collapsible container as a one-drink container, so for single use so punching out the holes is not necessary. But in such a case you can also use the Glue the holes in the folding body with much thinner, liquid-tight foils, which are then attached to the elastic behavior of the folded body does not participate.

Folding body of the type described, i. E. With two stable states (including the special cases 0 ^# -folding and prismatic formation), however, not only - as described up to now - with a square base and top surface, but in general also with top and

Form bases that generally have the shape of a regular polygon, including a triangle, pentagon, hexagon, heptagon _} , etc. An exemplary embodiment for the case where the top and bottom surfaces are designed as an equilateral triangle is shown in FIGS. 7a and 7b. 7b shows (again somewhat generalized compared to the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 7a and 7b) geometrically the different conditions for the formation of two stable states in the case of the formation of the top and base areas as equilateral triangles. Again, the above conditions apply, ie the corner point 61 of the base of a part of the 3 folding bodies 60, which together form the entire folding body according to FIGS. 7a and 7b, must lie within the area 70 according to FIG. 7c, which is limited by the Line h = h *, a / 2 + d = R, and d = 0, whereby the borderline case h = h * is excluded, while the borderline case d = 0 is permitted. In the case of d = 0, a prismatic design arises, such as in the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 7a and 7b.

From the description of the exemplary embodiments it follows that there are a large number of configurations with which the bistable folding bodies according to the invention can be produced.

The implementation of the exemplary embodiments was based on Training described by cardboard blanks. Surface areas along the edges, side edges and

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Folded or glued diagonals. But the training can also take place because the edges, side edges and diagonals are realized by bars that are attached to defl Corner points are hinged together. The triangular surfaces then remain practically "empty", i.e. they are not realized by material in the form of these surfaces, but covered with foils, if necessary, which is due to the elastic behavior not participate.

The application of the invention can take place wherever spatial structures of a first stable state in which they take up less space, are to be transferred permanently or temporarily to a second stable state, in which they occupy a larger space. A use case that is obvious, results, for example, when used as a packaging element. Another area of application can be so-called. Displays or stands that serve as advertising media, decorative or room elements, etc. and for transport should be collapsed. Folding body according to the invention can also be used in space structures, such as for Antennas to be set up, which should be preassembled for transport, but folded up to save space. At the They are then unfolded at their destination.

t For the geometry of the "side surfaces" in the unfolded

'I state to add that they, apart from prismatic f folding (rectangles), due to the parallelogram-like

skewed arrangement of the edges and side edges is determined. Only the introduction of the diagonals results in flat triangles.

Regarding the folding direction, it should be noted that the diagonals in Opposite to the edges and side edges are folded. The diagonals are concave, the edges and side edges are convexly folded.

It has been described above that the structural design can be done both by rods and by surfaces. Even a combination of both alternatives is possible.

Plastic can also be used as the material for the two-dimensional training, in which the fold lines through Material thinning can be formed.

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Claims (5)

DREISS, HOSE.NT.HIEJN & FUtfLENDORF • · ■ · · · · · · ·· HANS LANGOSCH -rViTErilTAnwÄCFE. ' . . ". *". D-7000 STUTTGART Dipl.-Ing. (1963-1981) partly, * v # * * ,. ' ,, "* _..'... * GEROKSTRASSE 6 UWE OREISS At the EuropaiscnenT <atentam \ Admitted Vfeftreier Jf. 24 5? 34/44 Dr.) ur., Dipl.-lng., M. Sc. European Patent Attorneys IDEAPAT HEINZ HOSENTHIEN _,, ___., Lrt "Dr.-lng .. Dlpl.-lng. 1 ^ 7" 22 247 ldea d JORNnFUHLENDOSr '[^ pJ for visitors Γ 1 DREISS. HOSENTHIEN & FUHLENDORF, D-7000 STUTTGART 1 Applicant: Dipl.-lng. Michael Kozel Metzstr. 30 D-8000 Munich 80 L J Amtl. Act. Z. Your reference Our reference Date Off. Ser. No. Your Ref. Our Ref. Date 2335 001 9/18/85 D / mz Title: Bistable folding body ~ e4 "sprüche 1. Folding body with a top surface (1) formed by a regular polygon (11 to 14) and one by a congruent polygon (21 to 24) formed base area (2), in which fold lines along the side edges (11:12 to 13:14; 21:22 to 23:24) of the top and base, as well as the edges (11-21 to 14-24) of the side surfaces are provided characterized in that there are also fold lines along each diagonal (12/21 to ί1 / 24) the side surfaces are provided, and the folding body (10) with elastic deformation of the diagonals and / or the Postal check account Stuttgart BUi 71 »70S (BLZ eoo'iOeVO ^ DresühterBänJafJi / tgaft, 1919854 (BLZ 600 80000) ■ ■ ft ·· f * * t * * · ■■ ■ · ■ ·· ■ · »! «Ι 111 * ft * < t ι ι (ti ■■ · r · * ·· · triangular areas given on both sides of a diagonal from a first, smaller-volume stable state to a second larger-volume stable state is hinged, with the relationships (b) I + d <R with apply, where h * the height of the center (M) of the polygon perimeter over a side edge (11:12); R is the radius of the polygon perimeter; a is the length of a side edge (11:12) of the polygon; d is the distance between a triangle (11, 12, 21), first by a Side edge (11:12) of the top surface (1), secondly through the one at one of the corner points (11) adjoining the side edge (11-12) to the base (2) leading edge (11-21) of the adjacent side surface and third '' through the to the other corner point (12) of the side edge (11:13) • 1 HH Ii Il Il Il »4 ··· «al IIIIV4 A4 ρ ι t "III Il I *" • I ■ «ti t> · * ·>. < * 'i ί * t s * ·: · j: ι · * I I Il * · · »t · til the same corner point (21) of the base area (2) leading diagonal (12/21) results between the corner point (21) of the base area, which forms the end point of the mentioned diagonal _t and one through the first mentioned corner point (11) of the side edge ( 11:12) walking verticals (11 ¹ ), and h is the height of the mentioned corner point above the side edge (11:12) of the top surface (1), and furthermore, all the end points (21) of all diagonals (12/21), the corner points of the base, are when the named triangles such that the side edges of the top surface result in the polygon of the top surface, on or outside of the Polygon perimeter. »» ItI. "« ■■■ ■■ t • III Il Ii · I a *. ", 2. Folding body according to claim 1, characterized in that at least some of the triangles (e.g. 11, 12, 21), which through Division of the side surfaces by a diagonal (12/21) arise than when transferring the folded body from the 1st in the 2nd stable state are formed elastically bulky surface areas. 3. Raltkörper according to claim 1, uäuV / tuil yckcuuZciuhuct that the Edges and diagonals of the side surfaces than with overpasses of the folded body from the 1st to the 2nd stable state are elastically deformable rods. 4% folded body according to claim 2, characterized in that the Corner points from surface areas that form the top surface, base surface and side surfaces, recessed and sealing due to the elastic behavior of the Folding body not involved, easily foldable and foldable material are closed. 5. folding body according to claim 1, or one of the following, characterized in that a plurality of folding body with her if necessary, virtual top and bottom pools joined together are.