DE829419C - Process for the production of refractory bricks from sintered or melted dolomite - Google Patents

Process for the production of refractory bricks from sintered or melted dolomite

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Publication number
DE829419C
DE829419C DEP7127D DEP0007127D DE829419C DE 829419 C DE829419 C DE 829419C DE P7127 D DEP7127 D DE P7127D DE P0007127 D DEP0007127 D DE P0007127D DE 829419 C DE829419 C DE 829419C
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Germany
Prior art keywords
dolomite
tar
sintered
bricks
melted
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Expired
Application number
DEP7127D
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German (de)
Inventor
Arthur Konitz
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STEINE und ERDEN GmbH
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STEINE und ERDEN GmbH
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Publication date
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Priority to DEP7127D priority Critical patent/DE829419C/en
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Publication of DE829419C publication Critical patent/DE829419C/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/66—Monolithic refractories or refractory mortars, including those whether or not containing clay
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/013—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics containing carbon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/03—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or oxide mixtures derived from dolomite
    • C04B35/04—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or oxide mixtures derived from dolomite based on magnesium oxide
    • C04B35/043—Refractories from grain sized mixtures
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
    • C04B2235/3206—Magnesium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
    • C04B2235/3208—Calcium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. lime
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
    • C04B2235/72—Products characterised by the absence or the low content of specific components, e.g. alkali metal free alumina ceramics
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
    • C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
    • C04B2235/77—Density

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)

Description

Verfahren zur Herstellung von feuerfesten Steinen aus Sinter- oder Schmelzdolomit Bei der Herstellung von feuerfesten Steinen aus Sinter- oder Schmelzdolomit besteht, die Schwierigl<eit, den Steinen nebeweiner hohen iFeuerfestigkeit zugleich eine hohe 1_agerfäliigkeit und Druckfestigkeit sowie eine große Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen chemische Einwirkungen zu geben, denen sie bei Benutzung ausgesetzt sind. Zur Erreichung dieses "Zieles sind schon zahlreiche Verfahren vorgeschlagen worden, die jedoch zum Teil unbrauchbar sind, zum Teil aber nur zu einer Steigerung der einen oder anderen Eigenschaft auf Kosten der übrigen führen. So ist z. B. vorgeschlagen worden, aus Sinter- oder Schmelzdolomitdurch feines Vermahlen und inniges Vermischen mit kieselsäurehaltigen Rohstoffen und zusätzlichen, den Verfall des Bicalciumsilicates verhindernden stabilisierenden Flußmitteln Steine herzustellen, wobei das Brennen in zwei Stufen, z. B. zunächst bei etwa 4oo° C und dann bei etwa 145o° C erfolgt. Diese Steine sind unbegrenzt an der Luft lagerbeständig. Die Stabilisierung der Steine auf diese Weise ist jedoch äußerst schwierig, gelingt nur unsicher und geht auf Kosten der Feuerfestigkeit der Steine. Es ist auch schon vorgeschlagen worden, bei der Herstellung von Dolomitsteinen Teer, Asphalt, Pech oder ähnliche Bindemittel zu verwenden. Nach einem bekannten Vorschlag dieser Art wird der Dolomit totgebrannt, mit Teer gemischt und die Mischung zu Ziegeln geformt, die sodann in reduzierender Atmosphäre gebrannt und nach Abkühlen mit Teer überzogen werden können. Die so hergestellten ,Ziegel widerstehen jedoch nicht der Einwirkung der Luftfeuchtigkeit und binden daher leicht Wasser. Sie sind wenig fest, nutzen sich beim Gebrauch schnell ab und eignen sich nicht zum Versand, da sie wegen ihrer leichten Aufnahmefähigkeit von Wasser sogleich nach Herstellung eingebaut werden müssen.Process for the production of refractory bricks from sintered or Enamel dolomite In the manufacture of refractory bricks from sintered or enamel dolomite There is, the difficulty, the stones in addition to their high fire resistance at the same time a high shelf life and compressive strength as well as a high level of resistance against chemical influences to which they are exposed during use. Numerous methods have already been proposed to achieve this "goal, some of which are unusable, but some only increase the lead one or the other property at the expense of the rest. So is z. B. suggested made from sintered or melted dolomite by fine grinding and thorough mixing with silicic acid-containing raw materials and additional, the decay of the bicalcium silicate preventive stabilizing fluxes to manufacture stones, with the burning in two stages, e.g. B. takes place first at about 4oo ° C and then at about 145o ° C. These stones can be stored in the air indefinitely. The stabilization of the However, stones in this way is extremely difficult, just succeeds insecurely and goes at the expense of the fire resistance of the stones. It has also been suggested in the production of dolomite stones, tar, asphalt, pitch or similar binders to use. According to a well-known proposal of this type, the dolomite is burned to death, mixed with tar and the mixture formed into bricks, which then in reducing Fired atmosphere and can be coated with tar after cooling. The so produced However, bricks do not withstand the action of humidity and bind therefore slightly water. They are not very firm and wear out with use fast and are not suitable for shipping because they are easy to absorb of water must be installed immediately after manufacture.

Nach der Erfindung,wird Sinter- oder Schmelzdolomit, nachdem er gemahlen und auf eine festgelegte Körnungslinie gesiebt worden ist, ebenfalls mit Teer innig vermischt und die Mischung bei hohem Druck zu Formlingen verarbeitet, die sodann gebrannt werden, und das erfindungsgemäß Neue besteht darin, daß ,das Brennen der Formlinge durch Einbringen in einen auf etwa 8oo° C vorgeheizten Ofen .und Nachbrennen in stark reduzierender Atmosphäre bei einer Temperatur von über 1350° C erfolgt.According to the invention, sintered or melted dolomite is made after being ground and has been sifted to a specified grading curve, also intimately with tar mixed and the mixture is processed at high pressure into moldings, which are then are burned, and what is new according to the invention is that, the burning of the Briquettes by placing them in an oven preheated to about 8oo ° C. And post-firing takes place in a strongly reducing atmosphere at a temperature of over 1350 ° C.

In Ausführung des Verfahrens gemäß Erfindung verwendet man zweckmäßig Schmelz- oder Sinterdolomit, dessen iGehalt an Schmelzmitteln, wie Fe 203 -1- A1,03, möglichst hoch ist, vorteilhaft bis zu 100/0 beträgt. Als Teer wird vorzugsweise wasserfreier Stahlwerksteer verwendet, der zweckmäßig bei einer Temperatur um ioo° C mit dem Sinter- oder Schmelzdolomit vermischt wird. Die Menge des zu verwendenden Teers ist abhängig von der Art, d. 11. der gewählten Körnung und der chemischen Zusammensetzung des Dolomits,@ insbesondere von seinem Gehalt an Mg O, CaO und F lußmitteln, und wird in der Regel auf 4 bis 7 °/o bemessen. Zum Brennender Steine eignen sich vorzugsweise Tunnelöfen, aber auch andere Brennöfen, wie Kammeröfen, kommen in Betracht. Das Formen der Steine erfolgt in bekannter Weise bei hohen Drucken von über 12oo kg/cm2.In carrying out the process according to the invention, it is expedient to use Melting or sintered dolomite, the content of which is fluxing agents, such as Fe 203 -1- A1,03, is as high as possible, advantageously up to 100/0. As tar is preferred Anhydrous steel mill tar is used, which is expediently at a temperature of around ioo ° C is mixed with the sintered or melted dolomite. The amount of to use Tar is dependent on the type; 11. the selected grain size and chemical Composition of dolomite, @ in particular its content of Mg O, CaO and F flux, and is usually measured at 4 to 7 per cent. To the burning stones tunnel kilns are preferred, but other kilns, such as chamber kilns, is being brought up for consideration. The stones are formed in a known manner at high pressures of over 1200 kg / cm2.

Die erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Steine sind von hoher Feuerfestigkeit. Durch das Einbringen der Formlinge in einen auf etwa 8oo° C vorgeheizten Ofen und durch Nachbrennen der Formlinge in stark reduzierender Atmosphäre bei über 135o° C tritt eine sofortige oberflächige Verkokung der Steine ein, und es bildet sich ein aus Kohlenstoff bestehendes Gerippe, das unter gleichzeitiger Zusammenbackung ,der Dolomitteile den Steinen ein festes Gefüge gibt, so daß sie sowohl bei hohen als auch bei niederen Temperaturen eine große Druckfestigkeitaufweisen. Sie besitzen gleichzeitig eine hohe Lagerfähigkeit, die ihre Ursache darin hat, daß der Zerfall des freien Kalkes durch Einbetten der einzelnen Dolomitkörner in Kohlenstoff bzw. verkokten Teer verhindert wird. Um etwaige Fehler der Einbettung der Dolomitkörner zu korrigieren, empfiehlt es sich erfindungsgemäß, die gebrannten Formlinge nach ihrer Abkühlung auf etwa ioo° C noch in kochendem wasserfreien Teer zu tränken. Auch hierzu eignet sich vorzugsweise Stahlwerksteer. Bei dieser Nachbehandlung der Steine zieht sich der Teer in die etwa vorhandenen freien Poren der Steine, verbessert so die Einbettung der Dolomitkörner und gibt -damit den Steinen eine erhöhte Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen Feuchtigkeitseinflüsse. Steine, die nach der Erfindung hergestellt werden, köiirien wochenlang an der Luft gelagert werden und sind in Lagerbehältern, aus denen die Luftfeuchtigkeit entfernt wurde, jahrelang lagerfähig, ohne ihre Form und die ihnen eigene hohe Feuerfestigkeit zu verlieren.The stones produced according to the invention are of high fire resistance. By placing the moldings in an oven preheated to about 8oo ° C and by after-burning the briquettes in a strongly reducing atmosphere at over 135o ° C there is immediate superficial coking of the stones and it is formed a skeleton made of carbon, which at the same time cakes together , the dolomite parts give the stones a firm structure so that they can be used both at high as well as having a high compressive strength at low temperatures. You own at the same time a long shelf life, which is due to the fact that the decay of free lime by embedding the individual dolomite grains in carbon or coked tar is prevented. About any errors in the embedding of the dolomite grains to correct, it is recommended according to the invention to post the fired briquettes to soak them in boiling anhydrous tar after they have cooled to about 100 ° C. Steelworks tar is also preferably suitable for this purpose. In this post-treatment the Stones, the tar pulls into the free pores of the stones, if any, improves so the embedding of the dolomite grains and gives the stones an increased resistance against the effects of moisture. Stones made according to the invention, köiirien can be stored in the air for weeks and are in storage containers from which the humidity has been removed, can be stored for years without losing their shape and lose their inherent high fire resistance.

Die nach der Erfindung hergestellten Steine eignen sich insbesondere zur Auskleidung von metallurgischen Ofen, wie z. 13. Siernens-Martinöfen, Thomasbirnen, Elektroöfen u. dgl. Man kann sie ferner mit Vorteil zur Ausmauerung von Schacht- und Drehöfen verwenden, wie sie zum Brennen von Dolomit, Zement und Kalk dienen. Auch als Auskleidung für keramische Ofen, z. $. Schmelzöfen für Glas, Emaille u. dgl., sind sie geeignet. Ebenso können sie zur Austnauerung von Kohlenstaubfeuerungen aller Art verwendet und in allen Fällen herangezogen werden, in denen es auf eine hohe Feuer- und Druckfestigkeit und eine große Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen zerstörende Einwirkungen ankommt.The stones produced according to the invention are particularly suitable for lining metallurgical furnaces, such as. 13. Siernens-Martin ovens, Thomas pears, electric ovens and the like. They can also be used with advantage for the lining of shaft and rotary ovens, such as those used for burning dolomite, cement and lime. Also as a lining for ceramic ovens, e.g. $. They are suitable for melting furnaces for glass, enamel and the like. They can also be used for the dewatering of all kinds of pulverized coal firing systems and can be used in all cases where a high level of fire and pressure resistance and a high level of resistance to destructive effects are important.

Claims (4)

PATENTANSPRÜCHE: i. Verfahren zur Herstellung von feuerfesten Steinen aus Sinter- oder Schmelzdolomit durch inniges Vermischen des gemahlenen und auf Körnung gesiebten Dolomits mit Teer, Verarbeitung der Mischung zu Formlingen unter hohem Druck und nachfolgendes Brennen der Formlinge, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Brennen der Formlinge durch Einbringen in einen auf etwa 8oo° C vorgeheizten Ofen und Nachbrennen in stark reduzierender Atmosphäre bei einer Temperatur von über 1350' ° C erfolgt. PATENT CLAIMS: i. Process for the production of refractory bricks from sintered or melted dolomite by intimately mixing the ground dolomite, sieved to grain size, with tar, processing the mixture into bricks under high pressure and subsequent firing of the bricks, characterized in that the firing of the bricks by introducing them into a oven preheated to about 8oo ° C and post-firing in a strongly reducing atmosphere at a temperature of over 1350 ° C. 2. Verfahren nach :\nspruch i, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Teer bei einer Temperatur um ioo° C mit dem Sinter- oder Schmelz-,dolomit vermischt wird. 2. Method according to: \ nspruch i, characterized in that that the tar at a temperature around 100 ° C with the sintered or melted, dolomite is mixed. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch i und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die gebrannten Formlinge nach ihrer _\1>külilung auf etwa ioo° C in kochendem wasserfreiem Teer getränkt werden. 3. The method according to claim i and 2, characterized in that the fired briquettes after their _ \ 1> cooling to about 100 ° C in boiling anhydrous To be soaked in tar. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch i bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zum Vermischen und zum Tränken wasserfreier Stahlwerksteer verwendet wird. Angezogene Druckschriften: Deutsche Patentschriften Nr. 582 311, 715 521, 722 159; @B i s c h o f £ , »Die feuerfesten Tone«, Leipzig 1923, S. 242, Abs. 3; H. H e r m a n n , »Bau und Betrieb moderner Konverter-Stahlwerke und Kleinbessemerien«, Halle 1925, S. 168, 169, 173, 175; Berichte der Deutschen Keramischen Gesellschaft, 193o, Bd. 11, S. 54.4. The method according to claim i to 3, characterized in that anhydrous steel mill tar is used for mixing and soaking. Cited publications: German Patent Nos. 582 311, 715 521, 722 159; @B isc hof £, "Die feuerfesten Tone", Leipzig 1923, p. 242, para. 3; H. H ermann, "Construction and Operation of Modern Converter Steelworks and Small Bessemeries", Halle 1925, pp. 168, 169, 173, 175; Reports of the German Ceramic Society, 193o, vol. 11, p. 54.
DEP7127D 1948-10-02 1948-10-02 Process for the production of refractory bricks from sintered or melted dolomite Expired DE829419C (en)

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DEP7127D DE829419C (en) 1948-10-02 1948-10-02 Process for the production of refractory bricks from sintered or melted dolomite

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DEP7127D DE829419C (en) 1948-10-02 1948-10-02 Process for the production of refractory bricks from sintered or melted dolomite

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE930016C (en) * 1952-03-20 1955-07-07 Rheinelbe Bergbau Ag Refractory stones made of sintered dolomite protected against decay
DE1040442B (en) * 1956-10-15 1958-10-02 Dolomitwerke Gmbh Process for increasing the storage stability of fire-resistant burned dolomite bricks
DE1056038B (en) * 1955-03-24 1959-04-23 Didier Werke Ag Process to reduce the disintegration of masonry and bricks for regenerators
DE1118077B (en) * 1956-12-29 1961-11-23 Montedison Spa Process for reducing the permeability of refractory materials
DE1278919B (en) * 1961-05-29 1968-09-26 Harbison Walker Refractories Molded body for lining oxygen converters based on MgO

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE582311C (en) * 1930-09-13 1933-08-12 Cecil Stevenson Garnett Process for the production of highly refractory items
DE715521C (en) * 1938-08-30 1941-12-23 Dynamidon Werk Engelhorn & Co Process for the production of highly refractory basic bricks
DE722159C (en) * 1938-08-02 1942-07-06 Dynamidon Werk Engelhorn & Co Process for the production of highly refractory basic bricks

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE582311C (en) * 1930-09-13 1933-08-12 Cecil Stevenson Garnett Process for the production of highly refractory items
DE722159C (en) * 1938-08-02 1942-07-06 Dynamidon Werk Engelhorn & Co Process for the production of highly refractory basic bricks
DE715521C (en) * 1938-08-30 1941-12-23 Dynamidon Werk Engelhorn & Co Process for the production of highly refractory basic bricks

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE930016C (en) * 1952-03-20 1955-07-07 Rheinelbe Bergbau Ag Refractory stones made of sintered dolomite protected against decay
DE1056038B (en) * 1955-03-24 1959-04-23 Didier Werke Ag Process to reduce the disintegration of masonry and bricks for regenerators
DE1040442B (en) * 1956-10-15 1958-10-02 Dolomitwerke Gmbh Process for increasing the storage stability of fire-resistant burned dolomite bricks
DE1118077B (en) * 1956-12-29 1961-11-23 Montedison Spa Process for reducing the permeability of refractory materials
DE1278919B (en) * 1961-05-29 1968-09-26 Harbison Walker Refractories Molded body for lining oxygen converters based on MgO

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